EP3858491A1 - Verfahren zum auskleiden metallurgischer einheiten und vorrichtung zur durchführung des verfahrens - Google Patents

Verfahren zum auskleiden metallurgischer einheiten und vorrichtung zur durchführung des verfahrens Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3858491A1
EP3858491A1 EP19851363.2A EP19851363A EP3858491A1 EP 3858491 A1 EP3858491 A1 EP 3858491A1 EP 19851363 A EP19851363 A EP 19851363A EP 3858491 A1 EP3858491 A1 EP 3858491A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
compressed air
nozzle
mixture
lining
branch pipe
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Pending
Application number
EP19851363.2A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3858491A4 (de
Inventor
Roman Aleksandrovich CHEGLOV
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Seven Refractories GmbH
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Obshchestvo S Ogranichennoy Otvetstvennost'yu "seven Refraktoriz"
Obshchestvo S Ogranichennoy Otvetstvennostyu Seven Refraktoriz
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Publication of EP3858491A1 publication Critical patent/EP3858491A1/de
Publication of EP3858491A4 publication Critical patent/EP3858491A4/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/14—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas designed for spraying particulate materials
    • B05B7/1404—Arrangements for supplying particulate material
    • B05B7/1431—Arrangements for supplying particulate material comprising means for supplying an additional liquid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/14—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas designed for spraying particulate materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B13/00—Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/10—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge producing a swirling discharge
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/14—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas designed for spraying particulate materials
    • B05B7/1481—Spray pistols or apparatus for discharging particulate material
    • B05B7/149—Spray pistols or apparatus for discharging particulate material with separate inlets for a particulate material and a liquid to be sprayed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/02—Linings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/02—Linings
    • B22D41/023—Apparatus used for making or repairing linings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
    • C21C5/44—Refractory linings
    • C21C5/441—Equipment used for making or repairing linings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/16—Making or repairing linings ; Increasing the durability of linings; Breaking away linings
    • F27D1/1636—Repairing linings by projecting or spraying refractory materials on the lining
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/16—Making or repairing linings ; Increasing the durability of linings; Breaking away linings
    • F27D1/1636—Repairing linings by projecting or spraying refractory materials on the lining
    • F27D1/1642—Repairing linings by projecting or spraying refractory materials on the lining using a gunning apparatus

Definitions

  • the group of inventions relates to the field of metallurgy, and more specifically, to methods of lining metallurgical units and other thermal units by gunning, and to gunning device design.
  • the method includes the application of a refractory concrete (for metallurgical units - a refractory mixture) carried in a stream of compressed air through a gunning machine. Dry mixture is loaded into the gunning machine and introduced under air pressure into a hose ending with a nozzle. Before entering the nozzle, the mixture is moistened automatically. The resulting shotcrete has a high strength, density, water, and air tightness.
  • gunning methods do not require mold to build refractory linings and they provide easy application of linings even to irregular shapes or in cases where mold is difficult to design. Accordingly, gunning methods have become widely used in the constructing and repairing of refractory lining, especially in furnaces such as blast furnaces, hot-blast stoves, electric furnaces, casting ladles, pouring spouts, basic oxygen converters, reheating furnaces, etc.
  • nozzle gunning dry gunning method
  • a dry powder material to be gunned is pneumatically fed through a conveying hose to a nozzle assembly where water is added to form a wet, highly viscous gun mixture with good adhesive properties.
  • the gun mixture is ejected out of the nozzle, so that it adheres to and hardens on a unit wall section, thus building or repairing a unit refractory lining.
  • Gunning with a nozzle does not require preliminary mixing of the material with water, and consequently work can be carried out quickly and shortly after notification, with minimal device cleaning required. Besides, mold for casting of lining is not required, which ensures work cost reduction and labor efficiency improvement, as well as the possibility of, for example, repairing both hot and cold unit linings.
  • gunning methods using a pump which build refractory linings with a greater uniformity of properties and better physical properties than those created by the nozzle gunning method. They are usually used to build monolithic high-density structures.
  • the gunned mixture is obtained by premixing dry material with water in a separate mixer before being fed to the gunning device.
  • the dry powdery material is premixed with water in a mixer and then pumped through a supply hose to a gunning device (pump), which projects the gunning mixture onto a surface.
  • a reagent is added to a gunned mixture (for a better setting while still in the nozzle) before the gunned material is applied to a unit wall surface.
  • This method is used to apply dense refractory mixtures with a high strength. This type of mixtures cannot be applied using dry gunning device.
  • the disadvantages of this method relate to the necessity of mixing dry material with water in a separate mixer to reach needed consistence.
  • the material to be gunned is mixed before being fed into the gunning device.
  • This requires additional device, such as a mixer, expensive feeding appliances, as well as a considerable labor effort when compared to the nozzle gunning method.
  • it is important to accurately control the quantity of water added to the gunned material to maintain needed consistence.
  • An operator well qualified in pump gunning of linings is required to maintain a quantity of water needed to get desired composition. If too little water is used, the gunned material can set or harden too soon in the pump or feeding hose. If too much water is used, particles and fine powder may segregate in the gunned material, which would lead to formation of non-uniform refractory layers of poor quality.
  • the additional disadvantage of the pump method is the mixer-pump interaction. A part of gunned material is retained in the feeding hose and the nozzle, which leads to material waste and additional cost of labor effort for device operation and cleaning.
  • the device for this method is large and heavy and requires a large number of operating personnel.
  • nozzle gunning method can be used to repair unit walls at more than 1000°C, using the pump method to repair refractory linings at high temperatures has been estimated to be ineffective.
  • the first version of the device for gunning of refractory material comprises a nozzle with an internal channel having an inlet end into which the wetted material is fed and an outlet end from which the material is projected.
  • the inner tubular element comprises one through hole and a few through grooves positioned circumferentially.
  • the outer channel is located around and connected to the inner channel and has an inlet end for feeding in compressed air that is passed through the outer channel and pushes out the wetted material passing through the inner channel.
  • the second version of the device comprises a material supply hose, into which water for material wetting is fed through a special inlet.
  • An inlet branch pipe connects the hollow flange to the inlet end of the outer tubular member. Wetted material is pushed out through a nozzle, while the mixing chamber is in an intermediate position with a connection to the material supplying hose and comprises an inlet for feeding in compressed air.
  • the method includes supply of gunning components through channels installed along the axis of the gunning lance and out of the gunning lance nozzle in the form of a single swirling vortex stream, adhesion of the supplied gunning mixture particles simultaneously over the entire cylindrical surface of the gunned area and formation of a lining layer on the surface, while the gunning mixture components are projected from the end nozzle of the gunning lance, which has an outer round edge, and are twisted into a single vortex stream in the form of a hollow cone with an external opening angle of at least 45°, and the simultaneous adhesion of gunning mixture particles to the entire cylindrical surface of the gunned area is provided through required values of the radial and tangential velocity components of the mixture particles by regulating the twisting degree of the single vortex stream or its components in one direction or another.
  • the device for implementing this method comprises the following interconnected units: a container with gunning mixture, a pneumatic conveyer, pipelines for supplying gunning components connected to the corresponding channels of the gunning lance fitted with a nozzle, a swirler for at least one component fed through the channels of the gunning lance.
  • the gunning lance is fitted with an end nozzle with an outer circular edge and capable of projecting gunning components in the form of a single swirling vortex stream.
  • the lance is also fitted with a vertical travel mechanism installed on a mobile frame and a protective screen.
  • the swirler is connected to at least one gunning lance channel.
  • the disadvantages of this method include the large dimensions of the device hampering its use.
  • creation of a single swirling vortex stream is useful and possible only in a case of mixing of gunning components.
  • the swirling ends at the point of ejection from the nozzle where direct inertial forces act.
  • Large external opening angles of the mixture stream provide a high quality of application for repair of cylindrical (horizontal) surfaces of small diameter units.
  • the large angles lead to traditional mixture losses due to its bounce-off.
  • the method and device are not universally applicable for the lining of many metallurgical units and their elements, except for those including spherical and cylindrical surfaces.
  • the flame application of the mixture is mainly used for hot repair of metallurgical units and is rarely used in production of linings for newly built units, as well as of large-volume linings.
  • the problem solved by the group of the claimed inventions and the achieved technical result is the creation of a new method of lining of metallurgical and other thermal units and its implementation into design allowing improvement of preparation quality, homogeneity and stability of the lining mixture composition, with its density, porosity and strength getting close to those of poured refractory concrete with a density higher than 2.4 kg/cm 3 , while simplifying the design of the lining device and reducing its dimensions. Besides, the time for installation of lining is significantly reduced (up to 1.5-2.0 times).
  • the method of lining metallurgical units including application of a prepared composition based on a refractory mixture moistened with water and saturated with compressed air on the inner surfaces of such metallurgical units using a nozzle, while the composition is prepared by wetting a dry refractory mixture with water in a turbulent compressed air stream, after which the composition stream is rarefied and impregnated with a hardener in an additional compressed air stream and then condensed before application of the composition to the inner surfaces of units.
  • an device for lining metallurgical units including a nozzle with a housing, to the inlet end of which a branch pipe for supplying a dry refractory mixture in a compressed air stream and a branch pipe for supplying water are connected, while the nozzle housing comprises a rarefaction chamber, fitted with a branch pipe for supplying a hardener mixture by compressed air, and the outlet end of the nozzle is tapered.
  • the device for lining of metallurgical units includes a traditional and rather widespread (series-produced) set of device, which comprises, for example, most of the device of a typical dry gunning unit (not shown), the function of which is reduced to feeding into the transport pipeline 1 of a dry refractory mixture under the action of compressed air, and nozzle 2 with housing 3, to inlet end 4 of which and coaxially with it branch pipe 5 for supplying a dry refractory mixture in a compressed air stream and branch pipe 6 for supplying water are connected, while nozzle housing 3 comprises a rarefaction chamber 7 equipped with branch pipe 8 for supplying a hardener mixture by compressed air.
  • Outlet end 9 of nozzle 2 is tapered. Since outlet end 9 is a separate piece made of special wear-resistant materials such as polyamide, it is called "head piece".
  • Branch pipe 6 for supplying water to housing 3 of nozzle 2 includes a manifold perpendicular to branch pipe 10 with several holes 11 evenly distributed along housing 3 perimeter.
  • Branch pipe 8 for supplying the mixture of hardener with compressed air to rarefaction chamber 7 of housing 3 of nozzle 2 includes a manifold perpendicular to branch pipe 12 with a number of holes 13 evenly distributed along the housing perimeter, perpendicular to which hardener supply channel 15 is located.
  • Branch pipe 8 for supplying the mixture of hardener with compressed air is made in the form of channel 14 for supplying compressed air, perpendicular to which channel 15 for supplying the hardener is located.
  • the method implemented by this device for lining metallurgical units includes application of a prepared composition based on a refractory mixture moistened with water and saturated with compressed air to their inner surfaces through outlet end 9 of nozzle 2, while the composition is prepared by wetting a dry refractory mixture with water in a turbulent compressed air stream, after which the composition stream is rarefied, impregnated with a hardener in an additional compressed air stream and then condensed before application of the composition to the inner surfaces of units by reduction of its cross section through the use of tapered outlet end 9 of nozzle 2.
  • Saturation of refractory mixture in the air stream with water and its subsequent impregnation with a hardener is carried out evenly over the cross section of the stream, while the stream of prepared composition is applied to the inner surfaces of metallurgical units sequentially in several layers from a distance of 0.2-4.0 m and at an angle to the normal not exceeding 60°, while the chemical composition may be the same or different for each layer depending on process requirements to the quality of lining.
  • the hardener After the rarefaction in the closed volume of housing 3 of the refractory mixture stream moistened with water and saturated with air, the hardener is introduced into it in the form of an independent stream of mixture saturated with air bubbles. Unlike the final stage of the "wet" method of gunning - saturation of a dense airless stream of a moist refractory mixture with air bubbles - a turbulent stream of dry refractory mixture moistened with water does not require additional preparation, it is naturally impregnated with the hardener. Then required chemical composition and physical properties are obtained, and the composition is ready for application on the surface of metallurgical units. The stream of the prepared composition is condensed by moving it towards tapered outlet end 9 of nozzle 2.
  • the prepared composition is applied to inner surfaces of metallurgical units in one layer or sequentially in several layers, while the chemical composition may be the same or different for each layer.
  • the chemical composition may be the same or different for each layer.
  • metallurgical device - blast furnaces hot-blast stoves, electric furnaces, casting ladles, pouring spouts, basic oxygen converters, reheating furnaces, etc.
  • lining thickness, number of layers and composition, including for each layer are determined.
  • the outer lining layer should have a higher wear resistance than inner layers, which is ensured by an appropriate composition of the applied refractory mixture.
  • the claimed method of lining provides the ability to work with a wide range of geometric dimensions of metallurgical units, similar to the method of "dry” gunning, but with a quality of the resulting lining characteristic of the "wet” method and, as can be seen from the information given, with significantly lower costs of implementation and a simpler design.
  • a typical device for lining metallurgical units includes a nozzle 2 with housing 3, to inlet end 4 of which a branch pipe 5 for supplying a dry refractory mixture in a compressed air stream and a branch pipe 6 for supplying water are connected.
  • housing 3 of nozzle 2 comprises the rarefaction chamber 7, i.e., a guaranteed cavity, the length of which conditionally reaches the outlet of holes 13 of manifold 12 inside housing 3), which contributes to additional turbulation of the stream of wetted refractory mixture and creates favorable conditions for its additional mixing and impregnation with a hardener.
  • the streams are summed up, and turbulence is reduced and maintained due to the forced mixing of the mixtures through holes 13 evenly distributed around the circumference, similar to the supply of water through holes 11 of manifold 10.
  • the hardener is introduced into the wet mixture stream after premixing of hardener with air.
  • branch pipe 8 on housing 3 which includes compressed air supply channel 14, perpendicular to which hardener supply channel 15 is located.
  • the preliminary preparation of a mixture of air with a mainly liquid hardener is ensured by supply of the hardener stream to the air stream perpendicularly or close to it, and due to, among other things, the ejection conditions, they are premixed.
  • the thoroughly mixed air mixture of the refractory composition, water and hardener is fed along housing 3 to nozzle 2, outlet end 9 of which is made tapered.
  • the tapering of nozzle 2 smoothly condenses the flow of the prepared composition and increases its rate, which is formed into a compact jet at the outlet.
  • the implementation of the claimed method is provided by rather simple design means.
  • Additional design solutions of the device for lining metallurgical units enhance the effect obtained.
  • These solutions include the technologically advanced coaxial arrangement of branch pipe 5 for supplying of dry refractory mixture in the compressed air stream to housing 3 of nozzle 2 and the presence on housing 3 and in its rarefaction chamber 7 of, preferably, two manifolds perpendicular to branch pipes 10 and 12, one of which is an element of branch pipe 6 for supplying water, and the other - an element of branch pipe 8 for supplying the hardener mixed with compressed air.
  • Both manifolds 10 and 12 are provided with holes 11 and 13 evenly distributed around the housing perimeter.
  • branch pipe 8 for supplying the mixture of the hardener with compressed air in the form of compressed air supply channel 14, perpendicular to which hardener supply channel 15 is located, although this is not necessary.
  • branch pipe 8 for supplying the mixture of the hardener with compressed air in the form of compressed air supply channel 14, perpendicular to which hardener supply channel 15 is located, although this is not necessary.
  • the best effect and maximum flexibility of the device can be obtained by using all its the design features.
  • the result of implementation of the group of inventions is creation of a new class of special device - units for shotcreting.
  • the etymology of the new term comes from the English words “gunning” ("dry” lining application) and “shot” - shotcreting ("wet” gunning).
  • the result is "shotgun” - the technology and device, consisting mainly of elements of device for "dry” gunning with properties and resulting performance of device for "wet” gunning.
  • Example 1 Building of an original device for lining metallurgical units.
  • a shotgun unit includes, for example, a part of the device of a typical gunning machine (not shown) with a receiving hopper for dry refractory mixture, a revolving rotor fitted with several batch chambers, a module for their sequential unloading with air supply for unloading, an outlet chamber with air supply for transportation and a main pipeline. Additionally, a compressor (in case there is no pneumatic transport supply) and a container for a hardener are installed.
  • Transport pipeline (main line) 1 ends with branch pipe 5 for supplying a dry refractory mixture in a compressed air stream.
  • This branch pipe 5 is connected to housing 3 of nozzle 2 through its inlet end 4.
  • the shotgun unit is equipped with a set of supply pipes and hoses for the refractory mixture, hardening additive, air and water.
  • a working member which is made according to the invention and includes, in particular, nozzle 2 with housing 3, to inlet end 4 of which branch pipe 5 for supplying a dry refractory mixture in a compressed air stream and branch pipe 6 for supplying water are connected, while housing 3 of nozzle 2 comprises rarefaction chamber 7 fitted with branch pipe 8 for supplying the hardener mixed with compressed air.
  • Outlet end 9 of nozzle 2 is tapered.
  • nozzle 2 with housing 3 is provided with all or some of the essential design features:
  • An assembled shotgun unit is additionally equipped with a control system, tested, marked accordingly and delivered in this form to the customer.
  • the unit functions as follows.
  • the gunning mixture enters the revolving rotor chambers. Due to the rotation of the rotor, a chamber with material comes to its unloading point. Compressed air is used to unload the material out of the chamber.
  • the mixture enters the initial section of the main line and then by means of compressed air, i.e., in the air stream (the so-called pneumatic supply), the mixture is transported at a high speed to its final section - branch pipe 5 for supplying the dry refractory mixture to housing 3 of nozzle 2.
  • the refractory mixture is wetted with water and in this form enters rarefaction chamber 7 on housing 3, where through manifold 12 of branch pipe 8 the wetted mixture is mixed with the hardener.
  • the prepared composition is condensed due to the tapering of nozzle 2 and flows out towards the lined surface of a metallurgical unit.
  • composition is applied to the lined surface in one or several layers.
  • Example 2 Upgrade of a series-produced unit for "dry” gunning.
  • a company or its specialized service that deals professionally with lining of metallurgical units, has a functioning gunning machine, for instance, AC1-AC6 series, SSB series (SSB 02, 05, 14 and 24), MPCS 4 or other units.
  • the upgrade is limited to dismantling of the working member (nozzle) and fitting the machine with a working member made according to Example 1. If necessary, appropriate changes are made to the control system.
  • the furnace mantle On the site the furnace mantle has been built, on the inner surface of which tubular heat exchangers have been mounted, the hearth and boshes erected. The latter are covered with a process apron.
  • the working pressure in the gunning machine should be in the range from 0.2 to 0.6 MPa.
  • the pressure in the water tank should be 0.05-0.1 MPa higher than the working pressure in the gunning machine.
  • Materials for shotgunning are available - a dry refractory mixture based, for example, on silicon carbide (for application of the first layer) and aluminosilicate composition (for application of subsequent layers); potable water and a hardening additive based, for example, on water glass.
  • the shotgunning machine is placed inside of the furnace mantle on the process apron, connected to the power supply system and filled with appropriate materials for application of the first layer.
  • the machine is started and using a special stand is brought to the specified operating mode.
  • the machine operator starts the process of application of the first layer of the prepared lining composition onto the inner surface of the furnace mantle by means of nozzle 2.
  • the first layer of lining is built to the level of the operator's stature (the so-called lining step) along the perimeter of the inner surface of the mantle, which is also used to embed tubular heat exchangers.
  • the process of lining is repeated and so on to the entire height of the mantle.
  • the apron is lowered to the level of the boshes.
  • the device is washed and filled with materials for the next layer application.
  • the machine is started again and, using a special stand, is brought to the specified operating mode.
  • the operator starts the process of application of the next layer of the prepared lining composition onto the first layer, naturally or forcedly dried, using nozzle 2.
  • another layer of lining is applied to the level of the operator's stature along the perimeter of the inner surface of the mantle lined with the first layer, the second layer having, for example, performance properties different from the properties of the first layer. It may be stronger, denser, heat-resistant, etc., and have a corresponding thickness.
  • the lining process is continued. If necessary, in accordance with the procedure, the refractory mixture is changed to a mixture with other properties - intended, for instance, for the belly, shaft and mouth of the blast furnace.
  • the lining is applied to the walls of a metallurgical unit, it is cured until completely dry, the formed surface is cleaned (calibrated) and, if necessary, grinded.
  • This technology makes it possible to reduce lining installation time by 1.5-2.0 times in comparison with the "wet" gunning method. As a result, construction costs have been significantly reduced.
  • the device is washed, purged with air and left in this condition for later use.
  • Example 4 Recovery installation of refractory lining of the main trough and blast furnace transport runners (midlife repair).
  • a process flow-chart for the upcoming repair work is released.
  • the installation of the lining starts with the preparation of the surface to be lined with concrete.
  • the surface must be cleaned of residues of melting products (slag, cast iron), oxidized concrete must also be removed. All unbound, poorly adhered concrete must also be removed.
  • the required amount of refractory material has been prepared on the site.
  • the device is connected to the utilities (air, water, electrical power) and tested in idle mode (no load).
  • the working surface is blown with compressed air to remove dust and small debris.
  • refractory materials of various densities and purposes can be used (from the installation of insulating materials to dense working materials with a density higher than 2.4 kg/cm 3 , containing as base material Al 2 O 3 , SiC).
  • the operator starts application (restoration) of the refractory lining to the geometric dimensions described in the statement of work, using the lining device, namely nozzle 2 with housing 3.
  • This technology makes it possible to apply concrete more than 100 mm thick in one pass, since a binder is used. In dry gunning, concrete of this thickness must be applied in layers, which creates a certain undesirable stratification of the lining.
  • the durability (capacity of the main spout) is increased by 25-30%.
  • Example 5 Lining of a blast furnace during an overhaul maintenance.
  • the furnace is stopped and the inner surface is blown out to reduce the temperature to the level suitable for repair work, including removal of poisonous gases.
  • the boshes and the hearth with the remains of liquid metal and slag are covered with a heat-insulating cover.
  • the inner surface of the blast furnace is prepared for repair - potentially hazardous sections of brickwork are removed and surfaces cleaned.
  • the composition of the materials for the lining has been selected.
  • a flow chart of the upcoming repair work has been released.
  • the shotgunning machine has been delivered and connected to the utilities. Materials for the lining have been delivered and filled into the machine. The machine is started and, using a special stand, brought to the specified operating mode.
  • the operator starts the process of application of the refractory composition, using nozzle 2, to the inner surface of the furnace or its individual sections, while the composition firmly adheres to the brickwork or its previous layer.
  • the work is carried out until the intended lining thickness is reached. Due to the heated walls, drying of the composition is accelerated.
  • the device for lining is washed, purged with air and left in this condition for later use.
  • Example 6 Lining of a small metallurgical unit - a typical 50-ton steel ladle.
  • MgO-C bricks as well as ramming or casting refractory materials, are widely used for lining newly built or repaired steel ladles. Their installation is a labor-intensive and time-consuming process. The lining life of steel ladles is, as a rule, 7-15 heats.
  • a high-quality and fast lining of the abovementioned steel ladle is carried out using a suitable lining device designed according to the invention.
  • the size of the working member of this device - nozzle 2 with housing 3 and branch pipe 5 for supplying a dry refractory mixture - is approximately 1 m.
  • the main working device is located outside of the ladle.
  • Example 3 For a lining of the interior of a new steel ladle all the actions according to Example 3 are performed by, for example, one operator.
  • Example 5 To restore the lining of a steel ladle during scheduled repairs, the actions according to Example 5 are performed, with a correction for significantly smaller ladle dimensions and the absence of a bath with molten metal and slag - also by one operator.
  • the device for lining is washed, purged with air and left in this condition for later use.
  • the newly lined or repaired steel ladle is dried, heated to 700-800° and put into operation.
  • the durability of a steel ladle lining installed using the shotgunning technology before a midlife repair is comparable to a lining service life, including its refurbishment carried out using a traditional technology, which is at least 20 heats.
  • Midlife repairs using the shotgunning technology allow extending ladle life to 30 heats or more.
  • the solution of the set problem gave birth to a new method of lining of metallurgical and other thermal units and to the design of a device for carrying out the same.
  • the quality of preparation, homogeneity and stability of the lining mixture composition were improved and the density, porosity and strength of the lining mixture composition approached those of a poured refractory concrete with a density higher than 2.4 kg/cm 3 .
  • the design of the lining device was simplified, and its size reduced. In addition, the time for installation of the lining was significantly reduced (up to 1.5-2.0 times).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
EP19851363.2A 2018-08-20 2019-08-16 Verfahren zum auskleiden metallurgischer einheiten und vorrichtung zur durchführung des verfahrens Pending EP3858491A4 (de)

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RU2018130382A RU2692390C1 (ru) 2018-08-20 2018-08-20 Способ футеровки металлургических агрегатов и устройство для его осуществления
PCT/RU2019/000580 WO2020040665A1 (ru) 2018-08-20 2019-08-16 Способ футеровки металлургических агрегатов и устройство для его осуществления

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EP4113044A4 (de) * 2020-02-26 2024-03-27 Refractory Intellectual Property GmbH & Co. KG Verfahren zum auskleiden von metallurgischen einheiten
RU2744635C1 (ru) * 2020-04-30 2021-03-12 Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью "Амт" Способ изготовления футеровки для металлургического оборудования в виде плавильного или разливочного устройства с использованием аддитивных технологий
RU2755325C1 (ru) * 2020-08-24 2021-09-15 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью «АМТ» Способ изготовления и обработки аддитивной футеровки

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SU614195A1 (ru) * 1976-06-09 1978-07-05 Кишиневский Политехнический Институт Им.Сергея Лазо Сопло дл торкретировани бетонной смеси
SU670705A2 (ru) * 1977-05-23 1979-06-30 Кишиневский политехнический институт им.С.Лазо Сопло дл торкретировани бетонной смеси
US4768710A (en) * 1987-03-02 1988-09-06 Henry Sperber Fibrous blown-in insulation having homogenous density
RU2108397C1 (ru) * 1995-08-28 1998-04-10 Акционерное общество "Санкт-Петербургский институт огнеупоров" Способ вихревого торкретирования цилиндрических футеровок и устройство для его осуществления
US5976632A (en) * 1997-03-13 1999-11-02 North American Refractories Co. Dry process gunning of refractory castable
US6004626A (en) * 1998-07-10 1999-12-21 North American Refractories Co. High pressure/volume process for wet shotcreting a refractory castable
DE19948779A1 (de) * 1999-10-08 2001-04-12 Lars Frormann Verfahren zur Verarbeitung von endlichen Fasern mittels aerodynamischem Transport- und Vereinzelungsorgan im Faserspritzverfahren
FR2798092B1 (fr) * 1999-11-15 2001-11-30 Lafarge Refractories Lance de projection d'un beton par voie seche et bague de mouillage correspondante
US6915966B2 (en) * 2003-01-29 2005-07-12 Specialty Minerals (Michigan) Inc. Apparatus for the gunning of a refractory material and nozzles for same
JPWO2006106879A1 (ja) * 2005-03-30 2008-09-11 Ａｇｃセラミックス株式会社 不定形耐火物の吹付け施工法

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