EP3870384A1 - Foret étagé - Google Patents

Foret étagé

Info

Publication number
EP3870384A1
EP3870384A1 EP19821058.5A EP19821058A EP3870384A1 EP 3870384 A1 EP3870384 A1 EP 3870384A1 EP 19821058 A EP19821058 A EP 19821058A EP 3870384 A1 EP3870384 A1 EP 3870384A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
boring
cutting edge
step drill
drill
tip
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP19821058.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Dennis MAI
Oezkan YILDIRIM
Daniel HOECK
David ONDRA
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ruko GmbH Prazisionswerkzeuge
Original Assignee
Ruko GmbH Prazisionswerkzeuge
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ruko GmbH Prazisionswerkzeuge filed Critical Ruko GmbH Prazisionswerkzeuge
Publication of EP3870384A1 publication Critical patent/EP3870384A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B51/00—Tools for drilling machines
    • B23B51/009—Stepped drills
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2220/00—Details of turning, boring or drilling processes
    • B23B2220/44—Roughing
    • B23B2220/445—Roughing and finishing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2251/00—Details of tools for drilling machines
    • B23B2251/04—Angles, e.g. cutting angles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a step drill according to the kind specified in the preamble of claim 1.
  • Step drills of the type mentioned here are known and are used, for example, for drilling holes in thin sheet materials up to approximately 4 mm thick.
  • the stepped design of the drill allows holes of different diameters to be drilled into a workpiece with a single tool, without the need for unnecessary time being spent on clamping and clamping a new tool.
  • the known step drills have, inter alia, a drill bit with at least one geometrically defined cutting edge and at least one boring step which has a larger outer diameter than the drill bit and which likewise comprises a number of cutting edges.
  • the cutting edges of both the drilling tip and the at least one boring step are assigned flutes which serve to remove the chips removed from the cutting bits of the drilling tip or the cutting edges of the boring step, which occur when using the step drill, i.e. when machining a workpiece.
  • a safe and low-friction removal of the chips is a prerequisite for the safe function of the step drill.
  • the cutting speeds of the cutting edges of the drill tip and the at least one boring stage differ greatly from one another due to the different radii. It is therefore often very difficult to determine the cutting conditions
  • Step drills are realized in different embodiments, namely as so-called
  • Multi-phase step drill i.e. as a step drill, in which both the cutting edges of the drill bit and the cutting edges of the boring step have their own flutes, and as a simple step drill.
  • the flutes of the drill tip continuously merge into the drilling step or the drilling steps.
  • the simple step drill has as many flutes as there are cutting edges at the tip of the drill, usually two. This version is relatively inexpensive to manufacture and offers good tool stability.
  • both the chips removed from the drill tip and the chips removed from the boring stage or the boring stages are removed in the same flutes.
  • the flutes are evenly spaced around the circumference of the step drill.
  • the invention relates primarily to a simple step drill.
  • the known step drills have a distal end and a proximal end located away therefrom.
  • a drill tip is provided at the distal end.
  • the drill tip is provided with a tip at the distal end of the step drill and has a number of geometrically defined cutting edges, each of which is assigned a flute.
  • the radial distance from the longitudinal axis of the step drill to the cutting edge increases linearly in a first radial distance range in the direction of the proximal end.
  • the drilling tip is followed by at least one first boring step, which is arranged at a distance from the distal end and also has a number of geometrically defined cutting edges, each of which is assigned one of the flutes.
  • the radial distance from the longitudinal axis to the cutting edge increases linearly in a second radial distance range in the direction of the proximal end.
  • a clamping area with which the step drill can be clamped in a drill chuck of a drilling machine or a CNC machine.
  • a disadvantage of the known step drills is the relatively short service life of the step drills, but also the uneven drilling behavior during drilling into the workpiece to be machined.
  • the service life is negatively influenced by poor chip evacuation and therefore greater heat development.
  • the common cutting edge geometry leads to a jamming of the stepped drill in the workpiece to be machined and thus to a failure of the stepped drill due to the resulting excessive torques.
  • hooking can lead to personal injury, For example, damage to arm, hand, shoulder, etc. Due to the high forces and torques that occur, the bore quality suffers in terms of shape, namely roundness, burr formation and can lead to deformation of the workpiece.
  • step drills can only be used in a range of materials up to approx. 4 mm thick.
  • step drills which can process larger material thicknesses.
  • the invention has for its object a step drill according to the in the preamble of
  • Claim 1 specified type in such a way that, while avoiding the disadvantages mentioned, the possibility is created to process larger material thicknesses (ie greater than 4 mm material thickness), with a long service life and good drilling quality. In addition, a quiet drilling behavior should be guaranteed.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that the provision of a pre-cutting edge and a subsequent post-cutting edge can reduce the cutting forces that arise per cutting edge, which is a prerequisite for processing larger material thicknesses.
  • Pre-cutting and post-cutting have different, but coordinated cutting profiles.
  • the drilling behavior also improves during drilling.
  • the optimization is achieved by designing the cutting edges accordingly.
  • the step drill is provided with a distal end and an opposite proximal end.
  • a drill tip At the distal end of the step drill, a drill tip has a tip with a geometrically defined cross cutting edge and two main cutting edges, each of which is assigned to a flute.
  • the cutting edges arranged adjacent in the circumferential direction are one
  • Cutting is different, with one of the adjacent cutting edges forming a preliminary cutting edge and the other cutting edge forming a secondary cutting edge.
  • the different cutting edges are present in at least some of the several boring stages, preferably after the third and immediately following
  • the step drill becomes a multi-phase step drill.
  • the pre-cutting edge is uniformly curved over a predetermined first area from a distal end of the pre-cutting edge in the direction of a proximal end of the pre-cutting edge and is assigned a radius (R).
  • R radius
  • the pre-cutting edge extends tangentially from the first area with a constant slope starting from its proximal end of the first area in the direction of a proximal end of the second area. This makes it easy to determine which of the cutting edges is more or less active when drilling.
  • essentially the curved area of the pre-cutting edge forms the area in which the pre-cutting edge is effective.
  • the radius with increasing boring steps up to and including 1.5 mm is in a range from 0.5 mm up to and including 1.5 mm, preferably at 1.0 mm, with increasing boring steps greater than 1.5 mm, e.g. Diameter steps with 6, 8, 10, 12, etc in a range from 2.4 mm up to and including 3.4 mm, preferably at 2.9 mm. This enables quiet drilling behavior to be achieved in particular.
  • the second area in the preliminary cutting, forms an angle to the longitudinal central axis of the stepped drill or a parallel thereto, which is in a range of including 31 ° to 39 ° inclusive, preferably including 34 ° to 36 ° inclusive, preferably 35 °.
  • the regrooving has a constant slope over its effective area.
  • the regrooving can form an angle with the longitudinal axis of the step drill or a parallel thereto, which is in a range from 41 ° to 49 ° inclusive, preferably from 44 ° to 46 ° inclusive. In particular, the angle is 45 °.
  • only a part of the plurality of boring stages has four flutes, in particular the second boring stage and subsequent boring stages.
  • the drill tip is designed in particular as follows:
  • the cutting edges of the drill tip can have an angle to one another which is in a range from 121 ° to 127 ° inclusive, in particular 124 °.
  • the diameter of the drill tip can be 30% smaller, preferably 35% smaller, in particular 40% smaller than the diameter of the subsequent drilling tip.
  • the maximum distance of the drill tip from the first boring stage is preferably in a range of 1.6 mm to 2.2 mm, in particular 1.9 mm.
  • the distance measurement takes place parallel to the longitudinal axis.
  • the flutes have one to the cutting edge
  • Rake angle in a range from 0 ° to 3 °, in particular 1 °, at the tip and constantly increasing up to a range from 9 ° to 15 °, in particular 12 °, at the flute end.
  • the flutes preferably have a rake angle to the recutting edge in a range from 24 ° to 30 °, in particular 27 °.
  • the flutes of the re-cutting start from the second drilling stage, but are only used between the third and fourth drilling stages.
  • the number of flutes of the drill tip and the subsequent boring stage or the subsequent boring stages is different.
  • two flutes can be provided in the drill tip and four flutes in the subsequent boring stage or the subsequent boring stages.
  • the flute of the drill tip can pass into the flute of the subsequent boring step or bores.
  • the length of a boring step can therefore be between 4 mm and 16 mm inclusive, preferably between 8 mm and 12 mm inclusive, in particular 10 mm.
  • the small step drill preferably has a diameter from the first to the last drilling step of 6 mm, 7 mm, 8 mm, 9 mm, 10 mm, 11 mm, 12 mm, the middle step drill has a diameter from the first to the last drilling step from 6 mm, 8 mm, 10 mm, 12 mm,
  • step drills according to the invention show the best performance in structural steel, stainless steel, non-ferrous metals,
  • Wood, plastics and plexiglass When drilling larger diameters, there is no need to pre-drill with a smaller twist drill and thus also to change tools. If multiple holes in different diameters have to be drilled, the tool change is also omitted. With the step drill according to the invention can be deburred at the same time.
  • the step drill described is used in all sheet thicknesses up to and including 10mm.
  • the optimal use is between 2mm and 10mm.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of a step drill according to the invention obliquely from above.
  • Fig. 2 is a side view of the step drill of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is a bottom view of the step drill of Fig. 2;
  • FIG. 4a shows an enlarged detailed view of the drill tip according to the circle A in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4b shows the enlarged detailed illustration of the drill tip from FIG. 4a with dimensions
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a detail B of Figure 2, in which the 90 ° offset course of the pre-cutting and post-cutting are superimposed.
  • 6a is a schematic view of the course of the pre-cutting edge
  • Fig. 6b is a schematic view of the course of the regrooving
  • Fig. 7 is a sectional view taken along section line C-C of Fig. 2 to the rake angle of
  • FIGS. 1 to 7 show an example of a step drill 10 with a distal end 12 and a proximal end 14 located distant from it.
  • the step drill 10 is provided with a drill tip 16 and with seven boring steps 18 to 30 adjoining it in the direction of the proximal end 14.
  • the drill tip 16 has a tip 32 formed by cutting 16a and 16b at the distal end.
  • the two geometrically defined cutting edges 16a and 16b are provided, which are in relation to each other with respect to the longitudinal axis 44 of the step drill 10
  • a flute 36 or 38 is assigned to each cutting edge 16a, 16b. Two mutually corresponding flutes 36, 38 are thus provided in the drill tip 16.
  • the flute 36, 38 mainly serves to remove the chips removed by the cutting edge 16a, 16b.
  • the flutes 36, 38 each extend continuously from the distal end 12 of the drill tip 16 in a spiral shape with a gradient decreasing from the tip 32 in the direction of the proximal end 14 and thus an increasing helix angle beyond the last boring step 30 into an end piece 40 the end piece 40 is followed by a cylindrically shaped shaft 42, in which three flat clamping surfaces 42a are introduced in the shaft 42, each running at 120 ° to one another, in the longitudinal direction.
  • the configuration of the shank 42 of drills, including stepped drills, with such a shank 42 is known, so that it will not be discussed further here.
  • Each boring stage 18 to 30 each has two cutting edges 18a to 22a and pre-cutting edges 24a to 30a formed by the flutes 36 and 38 and two further re-cutting edges 24b to 30b formed only by the boring stages 20 to 30.
  • the flute 46, 48 starts from the second boring step, runs continuously in the direction of the proximal end 14 with a constant spiral angle of 12 ° and beyond the last boring step 30 into the end piece 40. At a distance of 90 °, the flute 36 with a cutting edge 24a to 30a, then the flute 46 with a flute 24b to 30b, then the flute 38 with a flute 24a to 30a and then the flute 48 with a flute 24b to 30b.
  • the first three drilling stages 18 to 22 are pro
  • this area is not referred to as pre- and post-cutting or a pre-cutter and a nibbler. Rather, drilling takes place here as in a standard step drill with two flutes 36, 38 and thus two cutting edges 18a to 22a.
  • drilling takes place here as in a standard step drill with two flutes 36, 38 and thus two cutting edges 18a to 22a.
  • Material fraction of the step drill 10 with four cutting edges and thus four flutes 36, 38, 46, 48 starting from the tip 32 in this area is too small. The step drill 10 would break too quickly in this area.
  • the boring stage 18 thus has two cutting edges 18a, the boring stage 20 has two cutting edges 20a, the boring stage 22 has two cutting edges 22a, the boring stage 24 has two pre-cutting edges 24a and two re-cutting edges 24b, the boring stage 26 has two pre-cutting edges 26a and two Post-cutting 26b, the boring stage 28 has two pre-cutting 28a and two re-cutting 28b, the boring stage 30 has two pre-cutting 30a and two re-cutting 30b.
  • the preliminary cuts 24a to 30a and the secondary cuts 24b to 30b each have one
  • the pre-cutting edge 24a to 30a is uniformly curved over a first area and assigned to a radius R, see FIG. 6a.
  • the radius R is 1 mm in the present case.
  • the first area of the pre-cutting edge 24a to 30a is followed by a second area, that is to say starting from the proximal end of the first area in the direction of a proximal end of the second area.
  • the pre-cutting edge runs tangentially from the first area with a constant slope and in this case encloses an angle of 35 ° to a line parallel to the longitudinal axis 44.
  • the first area of the pre-cutting edge 24a to 30a is effective, as can be seen from the course of the re-cutting edges 24b to 30b, which are described below.
  • the re-cutting edges 24b to 30b have a constant slope over their entire course, see FIG. 6b.
  • the regrooving enclose an angle of 45 ° to a line parallel to the longitudinal axis 44.
  • FIG. 5 shows the two courses of a preliminary cutting edge 24a to 30a and a secondary cutting edge 24b to 30b superimposed, that is to say the secondary cutting edge 24b to 30b is at 90 ° in the direction of Pre-cutting edge 24a to 30a shown rotated together with the pre-cutting edge 24a to 30a. It is clear from this that the curves are designed differently and intersect at an intersection point S.
  • the pre-cutting edge 24a to 30a is positioned upstream with respect to the direction of rotation of the secondary cutting edge 24b to 30b. In this respect, the pre-cutting edge 24a to 30a acts essentially in its curved area and then the secondary cutting edge 24b to 30b.
  • four flutes 36, 38, 46, 48 are provided per boring step 24 to 30, two flutes 36, 38 forming two pre-cuts 24a to 30a and two flutes 46, 48 forming two re-cuts 24b to 30b of a boring step 24 to 30 .
  • the drill tip 16 is shown in detail in FIGS. 4a and 4b, in this case the drill tip 16 has a diameter of 3.2 mm and the first boring stage 18 has a diameter of 6 mm.
  • This diameter is therefore more than 40% smaller than the diameter of the subsequent one
  • Boring step 18 The cutting edges of the drill bit 16 have an angle of 124 ° to one another.
  • the maximum distance of the drill tip 16 from the first construction stage is 1.9 mm based on a parallel to the longitudinal axis 44.
  • the rake angle a which the flutes 36, 38 take up to the pre-cutting edges 24a to 30a, is different from the rake angle b, which the flutes 46, 48 take up to the re-cutting edges 24b to 30b, see FIG. 7.
  • the flutes 36, 38 close the pre-cutting edges 24a to 30a each have a rake angle a of 1 ° at the tip 32, which rises constantly up to a rake angle of 12 ° at the end of the flutes 36, 38.
  • the flutes 46, 48 face the re-edge 24b up to 30b a rake angle b of constant 27 °.
  • the direction of rotation is indicated by D.
  • each boring stage 18 to 30 is 10 mm.
  • the diameter of the first boring stage 18 is 6 mm
  • the second boring stage 20 is 7 mm
  • the third boring stage 22 is 8 mm
  • the fourth boring stage 24 is 9 mm
  • the fifth boring stage 26 is 10 mm
  • the sixth boring stage 28 is 11 mm
  • the seventh boring stage 30 is 12 mm.
  • the cutting edge geometry ensures very quiet drilling behavior.
  • the design of the step drill according to the invention improves the surface quality and the roundness of the hole and reduces the formation of burrs on the edges. Due to the extremely reduced heat development, the service life of the step drill 10 is decisively improved.
  • the chip removal volume of the preliminary cutting edge 24a to 30a and the secondary cutting edge 24b to 30b is balanced.
  • the pre-cutting edge 24a to 30a and the secondary cutting edge 24b to 30b each produce a narrower chip, which can be more easily removed to the rear by the spiral flutes 36, 38, 46, 48.
  • the forces are reduced by the four flutes 36, 38, 46, 48 with the respective pre-cutting 24a to 30a and re-cutting 24b to 30b.
  • the cutting edges 24a to 30a, 24b to 30b are stressed less, the heat development is less and the heat dissipation is favored by the multiple number of cutting edges.
  • the step drill 10 according to the invention is particularly in guided drilling units and
  • 8 different twist drills, grains and deburring tools were required for material thicknesses of up to 10 mm.
  • step drill 10 according to the invention there is a time saving of up to 75%, since the work steps of punching, drilling with 1 to 3 twist drills and deburring are eliminated.
  • different bore diameters can be machined with one tool instead of several twist drills or core drills.
  • the centering and the tapping behavior are improved by the formation of the drill tip 16.
  • the step drill 10 combines a wide variety of applications with one another, namely a twist drill, a core drill, a step drill, grains and a deburring tool.
  • a twist drill a core drill
  • a step drill a step drill
  • grains a deburring tool
  • deburring tool a tool that is used to reduce the machining times.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Drilling Tools (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un foret étagé (10) pourvu d'une extrémité distale (12) et d'une extrémité proximale (14) opposée, d'une mèche (16), qui comporte, sur l'extrémité distale (12) du foret étagé (10), une pointe (32) pourvue de deux taillants principaux (16a, 16b) à géométrie définie, auxquels est associée respectivement une goujure (36, 38), et d'au moins un premier étage d'alésage (18) disposé à une distance par rapport à l'extrémité distale (12), qui comporte un nombre donné de taillants (18a à 30a) à géométrie définie, auxquels est associée respectivement une goujure (36, 38). Selon l'invention, les taillants (24a, 24b à 30a, 30b), disposés de manière adjacente dans la direction périphérique, d'un étage d'alésage (24 à 30) sont réalisés de telle sorte que la distance est différente d'un taillant (24a, 24b à 30a, 30b) depuis un axe longitudinal du foret étagé depuis son extrémité distale en direction de l'extrémité proximale entre des taillants (24a, 24b à 30a, 30b) adjacents. Un des taillants adjacents constitue un taillant ébaucheur (24a à 30a), et l'autre taillant constitue un taillant finisseur (24b à 30b).
EP19821058.5A 2018-12-06 2019-12-06 Foret étagé Pending EP3870384A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102018131237.7A DE102018131237A1 (de) 2018-12-06 2018-12-06 Stufenbohrer
PCT/EP2019/084034 WO2020115301A1 (fr) 2018-12-06 2019-12-06 Foret étagé

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3870384A1 true EP3870384A1 (fr) 2021-09-01

Family

ID=68887405

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19821058.5A Pending EP3870384A1 (fr) 2018-12-06 2019-12-06 Foret étagé

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3870384A1 (fr)
DE (2) DE102018131237A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2020115301A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2022020704A1 (fr) * 2020-07-23 2022-01-27 Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation Foret étagé
CN117123833A (zh) * 2023-10-09 2023-11-28 镇江市华星特种刀具制造有限公司 一种带台阶的锥形钻头

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2389909A (en) * 1944-01-17 1945-11-27 Hofbauer Frank Rotary cutting tool
DE10204105A1 (de) * 2002-02-01 2003-08-28 Kennametal Inc Rundlaufschneidwerkzeug
DE20209768U1 (de) * 2002-06-24 2003-11-27 Gühring, Jörg, Dr. Bohrer
DE20303656U1 (de) * 2003-03-06 2003-05-08 Quanz, Reiner, 42859 Remscheid Stufenbohrer
CN101007358A (zh) * 2007-01-29 2007-08-01 张琦 单槽宝塔钻
US9731358B2 (en) * 2013-06-06 2017-08-15 Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation Step drill bit
CN104551104A (zh) * 2013-10-17 2015-04-29 常州埃特法斯工具有限公司 台阶微型钻头
DE102016214386A1 (de) * 2016-07-14 2018-01-18 MAPAL Fabrik für Präzisionswerkzeuge Dr. Kress KG Stufenbohrer

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2020115301A1 (fr) 2020-06-11
DE112019005279A5 (de) 2021-07-15
DE102018131237A1 (de) 2020-06-10

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