EP3884155A1 - Pale de rotor d'une éolienne comportant une couche d'isolation et une couche de protection - Google Patents

Pale de rotor d'une éolienne comportant une couche d'isolation et une couche de protection

Info

Publication number
EP3884155A1
EP3884155A1 EP19806181.4A EP19806181A EP3884155A1 EP 3884155 A1 EP3884155 A1 EP 3884155A1 EP 19806181 A EP19806181 A EP 19806181A EP 3884155 A1 EP3884155 A1 EP 3884155A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
belt
rotor blade
protective layer
electrically conductive
layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP19806181.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Urs Bendel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy Service GmbH
Original Assignee
Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy Service GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy Service GmbH filed Critical Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy Service GmbH
Publication of EP3884155A1 publication Critical patent/EP3884155A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F03D1/065—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F03D1/0675—Rotors characterised by their construction elements of the blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/30—Lightning protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
    • H02G13/00—Installations of lightning conductors; Fastening thereof to supporting structure
    • H02G13/80—Discharge by conduction or dissipation, e.g. rods, arresters, spark gaps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2280/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05B2280/20—Inorganic materials, e.g. non-metallic materials
    • F05B2280/2006—Carbon, e.g. graphite
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2280/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05B2280/60—Properties or characteristics given to material by treatment or manufacturing
    • F05B2280/6003—Composites; e.g. fibre-reinforced
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • Rotor blade of a wind turbine with an insulator layer and a protective layer
  • the invention relates to a rotor blade of a wind energy plant with at least one belt, at least one protective layer, which is arranged on the outside of the rotor blade on the at least one belt, the at least one protective layer being electrically conductive and being connected to a lightning conductor.
  • the invention also relates to a method for producing a rotor blade of a wind turbine; in that at least one electrically conductive protective layer is arranged on the outside of the rotor blade on at least one belt and is connected to a lightning conductor.
  • Rotor blades with belts are already well known in the prior art.
  • rotor blades can consist of a rotor blade shell, which in turn is advantageously constructed from two half rotor blade shells.
  • a belt runs in the longitudinal direction of each of the rotor blade half-shells. The two belts face each other and a web is guided between the belts.
  • Several belts can be provided per rotor blade half-shell, and several webs can also be provided.
  • the problem with rotor blades is that lightning strikes in particular in the tip area of the rotor blade and along the rear edge of the rotor blade. Flash receptors are provided to discharge the flashes, which are therefore arranged in particular on the tip and along the rear edge of the rotor blade.
  • the lightning receptors are connected to a lightning rod that is grounded so that lightning strikes are directed through the rotor blade and the tower into the ground.
  • CFRP belts are electrically conductive and attract lightning strikes.
  • the CFRP belts can be covered on the outside of the rotor blade with an electrically conductive protective layer.
  • the protective layer can be a film, a fabric, scrim or knitted fabric or something similar, consist of an electrically conductive material, preferably copper, aluminum or carbon fibers, and the protective layer is known to be electrically conductive with the
  • Lightning derivative connected.
  • Such a lightning arrester system is shown, for example, in EP 3 330 528 A1.
  • the at least one electrically conductive protective layer which can preferably consist of aluminum, copper or materials containing carbon fibers, protects the at least one belt from lightning strikes, but the strong currents occurring during the lightning strike can nevertheless damage the at least one belt.
  • the at least one protective layer is electrically decoupled from the at least one belt.
  • at least one electrically insulating insulator layer is provided between the at least one belt and the at least one protective layer, which is arranged between the at least one protective layer and the at least one belt.
  • the at least one insulator layer is selected so large that it completely covers a plan or a contour of the at least one belt, at least in the section in which the at least one protective layer is provided, and thus electrically insulates the at least one protective layer from the at least one belt .
  • the at least one insulator layer therefore advantageously has a width that is larger in each cross section along a longitudinal direction than the width of the at least one belt, and the at least one protective layer has a width that is also larger than that in each cross section along the longitudinal direction Width of the at least one belt.
  • the at least one insulator layer can be wider than the at least one protective layer, but it can also be narrower than the at least one protective layer.
  • the at least one protective layer projects beyond the at least one belt in the longitudinal direction and the at least one insulator layer also projects beyond the at least one belt in the longitudinal direction, so that the at least one belt in its outline or in its contour completely of the at least one insulator layer in which Section in which the at least one protective layer also covers the at least one belt is covered. It has been shown that the electrical decoupling of the at least one belt from the at least one protective layer reduces damage to the at least one belt in the event of lightning strikes.
  • the CFRP belt is electrically conductive. It consists of carbon fibers that are surrounded by a matrix that is hardened in the manufacturing process.
  • the carbon fibers can be introduced into the belt in different ways, e.g. B. as dry layers, as pre-impregnated layers, so-called prepregs, as direct rovings or as prefabricated, already cured semi-finished products.
  • This belt can be built directly in the mold for the construction of the rotor blade shell, or in a separate form, the prefabricated belt then being integrated during the construction of the rotor blade shell.
  • the so-called CFRP straps have the advantage that they are particularly light in terms of strength and rigidity.
  • the at least one belt and the at least one protective layer are electrically isolated or decoupled from one another, but in the present case this only means that the at least one insulator layer is provided between the two layers over the entire extent of the at least one belt and the at least one protective layer, which prevents a flashover or electric breakdown in the event of a lightning strike.
  • the at least one belt is electrically conductively connected to the at least one protective layer at individual points in order to establish potential equalization.
  • the at least one protective layer is electrically conductively connected to the lightning conductor, so that the lightning that strikes the at least one protective layer is discharged into the ground.
  • the at least one belt is electrically conductively connected to the at least one protective layer, which in turn is electrically conductively connected to the lightning conductor.
  • the at least one belt can have a multiplicity of carbon fiber-reinforced individual layers, practice has shown that such a belt can be regarded as a component that is conductive in its entirety, even though the individual carbon fibers are surrounded by a plastic matrix that is itself not electrically conductive.
  • the rotor blade according to the invention is characterized in that the protective layer is either not at all connected to the belt, or is only connected to the end faces of the layers which form the belt, either only at the tip-side or root-side end thereof.
  • the protective layer itself is connected at its root end in an electrically conductive manner to the electrically conductive discharge system and is therefore grounded.
  • the lightning conductor can be designed as a single electrically conductive cable.
  • each of the rotor blades mentioned above can be produced by one of the methods mentioned.
  • At least one electrically conductive protective layer is arranged on the outside of the rotor blade on at least one belt and connected to a lightning conductor.
  • at least one electrically insulating insulator layer is arranged between the at least one protective layer and the at least one belt. It has been shown that the electrical decoupling leads to protection of the belt in the event of lightning strikes.
  • the protective layer can be placed in a manufacturing form of a rotor blade shell or partial shell or half shell, the insulator layer is placed over it, and the belt is placed on the insulator layer. Finally, the structure can be laminated.
  • CFRP belts are preferably used as the belt.
  • An electrically conductive connection between the at least one belt and the at least one protective layer is preferably formed only at the tip-side end of the belt or only at the root-side end of the belt.
  • the manufacturing process is particularly material-saving.
  • the at least one belt advantageously has a multiplicity of carbon fiber-reinforced individual layers, The invention is described on the basis of three exemplary embodiments in four figures. Show:
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a longitudinal section of a rotor blade according to the invention along a web
  • Fig. 2 is a plan view of the rotor blade according to the invention with a CFRP belt and a protective layer according to the invention, which is completely insulated from the CFRP belt.
  • Fig. 3 is a view of a basic structure of the longitudinal section of the CFRP belt with the protective layer and an insulator layer in a second Embodiment, wherein the protective layer is electrically conductively connected to the end faces of the CFRP layers.
  • Fig. 4 is a view of a basic structure of the longitudinal section of the CFRP belt with the protective layer and the insulation layer in a third embodiment, the protective layer being electrically conductively connected to the tip-side end faces of the CFRP layers.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of part of a longitudinal section along a web 1, in particular a main web, of a rotor blade 15.
  • the web 1 is arranged between a suction-side and a pressure-side rotor blade surface 5.
  • the rotor blade surface 5 limits the respective suction-side or pressure-side rotor blade half-shell to the outside.
  • the structure in FIG. 1 is mirror-symmetrical, and layers and features on the suction and pressure side are designated by the same reference numerals.
  • the rotor blade half-shells consist of a laminate structure which has an electrically conductive protective layer 4 on the inside of the rotor blade surface 5, which in the embodiment according to FIG. 1 contains carbon fibers or even consists entirely of carbon fibers.
  • the protective layer 4 can form the outermost layer of the rotor blade half shell, but it is also conceivable that a glass fiber layer is also placed on the outside on the protective layer 4, which protects the protective layer 4 from damage.
  • the layer structure of the pressure-side and suction-side rotor blade half-shells is basically the same.
  • an insulator layer 3 is provided, which consists, for example, of glass fiber reinforced plastic.
  • the Insulator layer 3 electrically separates the protective layer 4 from a carbon fiber-containing belt 2 arranged on the inside of the rotor blade inside the insulator layer 3.
  • the carbon fiber-containing belt 2 is likewise electrically conductive and is electrically separated from the electrically conductive protective layer 4 by the insulator layer 3.
  • the carbon fiber belts 2 are also referred to as CFRP belts 2.
  • the rotor blade is constructed such that a pressure-side and a suction-side CFRP belt 2 are arranged opposite one another in an interior of the rotor blade and the web 1 runs between the CFRP belts 2.
  • the CFRP belts 2 in particular increase the specific strength and rigidity of the rotor blade.
  • the web 1 absorbs the thrust and pressure forces that result from the deformation of the rotor blade under load.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic plan view of the rotor blade 15, for example from FIG. 1.
  • the pressure-side belt 2 extends almost over the entire longitudinal extent in the longitudinal direction L of the rotor blade 15 and in a tip section 17 and in a central rotor blade section 18 and a central section of the belt 2 is completely covered on the outside of the rotor blade by the protective layer 4.
  • the protective layer 4 covers a contour 12 of the belt 2 assigned to it.
  • the contour 12 of the belt 2 is shown translucently in FIG. 2.
  • the structure applies to the suction and pressure side of the rotor blade 15.
  • the protective layer 4 protects the electrically conductive CFRP belt 2 from lightning strikes, which experience has shown to occur in particular in the tip section 17 and along a rear edge of the rotor blade 15.
  • the CFRP belt 2 also attracts lightning strikes compared to electrically non-conductive belts.
  • flash receptors are usually provided on the rotor blade 15, which are preferably arranged directly on the tip in the tip section 17 and also spaced apart from one another along the rear edge of the rotor blade 15.
  • the lightning receptors are electrically connected to a lightning rod.
  • the flash receptors are not shown in FIG. 2. 2, however, shows the lightning conductor 16, which extends parallel to the belt 2 over the entire longitudinal extent and is electrically conductively connected in the region of a rotor blade root 19 to a grounding (not shown), which strikes a lightning strike into the rotor blade 15 via the lightning conductor 16 Earth.
  • Rotary passages of the lightning lead 16 through a rotor blade connection are known in the prior art.
  • the lightning receptors (not shown) are directly connected to the lightning conductor 16. 2 shows that in addition to the lightning conductor 16, the protective layer 4 is connected in an electrically conductive manner at a connection point 14.
  • the connection point 14 can be a copper cable that extends from the protective layer 4 to the
  • Lightning lead 15 is guided. In principle, several connection points 14 can be provided.
  • Fig. 3 shows the structure of the transition according to the invention from the CFRP belt 2 to the protective layer 4 in a longitudinal section.
  • the CFRP belt 2 comprises a plurality of carbon fiber reinforced individual layers 25.
  • FIG. 3 shows that the CFRP belt 2 is constructed from a large number of carbon fiber reinforced individual layers 25.
  • the CFRP belt 2 is usually manufactured separately in a manufacturing mold in a lamination process in the manufacture of the rotor blade shell. For this purpose, the large number of carbon fiber-reinforced individual layers 25 are superimposed.
  • the rotor blade half shell is manufactured in a separate manufacturing mold available for the rotor blade half shell.
  • the protective layer 4 is placed on an optionally provided individual glass fiber layer, which can be designed as an elongated rectangle in a plan view shown in FIG. 2.
  • the protective layer 4 is placed along the manufacturing mold in the longitudinal direction L directly on the manufacturing mold or optionally on an additionally provided glass fiber layer, and then the insulator layer 3 is placed on the inside of the rotor blade on the protective layer 4, which has a width B that is at least the width of the belt 2 corresponds and corresponds to at least one length of the belt 2 in the section in which the protective layer 4 covers the belt 2.
  • the protective layer 4 is so wide that it covers the outline of the belt 2 and in the tip section 17 only so long that it protrudes beyond the tip-side end of the belt 2 into the tip section 17.
  • the CFRP belt 2 is placed on the insulator layer 3
  • the insulator layer 3 is preferably formed in one piece and in one layer. The insulator layer 3 electrically separates the protective layer 4 from the CFRP belt 2.
  • the protective layer 4 protects the CFRP belt 2 from lightning strikes and in particular from the impact of smaller current flows following a main lightning impulse current.
  • the protective layer 4 is electrically conductively connected to the lightning conductor 16 via the connection point 14 according to FIG. 3.
  • the electrically conductive CFRP belts 2 or the carbon fiber reinforced individual layers 25 of the CFRP belt 2 can also be electrically charged, it is provided according to the invention to connect the CFRP belt 2 with the lightning conductor 16 in an electrically conductive manner with the aid of the protective layer 4 . It is provided according to the invention, as shown in FIG. 3, at the root end of the individual carbon fiber reinforced individual layers

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une pale de rotor d'une éolienne, comprenant au moins une sangle (2), au moins une couche de protection (4) disposée du côté extérieur de la pale de rotor sur l'au moins une sangle (2). L'au moins une couche de protection (4) est électriquement conductrice et est reliée à un parafoudre (16). Au moins une couche d'isolation (3) électriquement isolante est disposée entre l'au moins une couche de protection (4) et l'au moins une sangle (2).
EP19806181.4A 2018-11-19 2019-11-18 Pale de rotor d'une éolienne comportant une couche d'isolation et une couche de protection Withdrawn EP3884155A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102018009039.7A DE102018009039A1 (de) 2018-11-19 2018-11-19 Rotorblatt einer Windenergieanlage mit einer Isolatorlage und einer Schutzlage
PCT/EP2019/081682 WO2020104389A1 (fr) 2018-11-19 2019-11-18 Pale de rotor d'une éolienne comportant une couche d'isolation et une couche de protection

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3884155A1 true EP3884155A1 (fr) 2021-09-29

Family

ID=68621281

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19806181.4A Withdrawn EP3884155A1 (fr) 2018-11-19 2019-11-18 Pale de rotor d'une éolienne comportant une couche d'isolation et une couche de protection

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20220018328A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3884155A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN113039361A (fr)
DE (1) DE102018009039A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2020104389A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11592007B2 (en) * 2018-11-20 2023-02-28 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Equipotential bonding of wind turbine rotor blade
ES2941942T3 (es) 2019-04-15 2023-05-26 Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy Innovation & Technology SL Pala de rotor y método para fabricar una pala de rotor
US12429031B1 (en) 2022-05-17 2025-09-30 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Equipotential bonding of wind turbine rotor blade
CN115182854B (zh) * 2022-07-20 2023-03-28 北部湾大学 一种风电叶片叶身避雷装置

Family Cites Families (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DK178167B1 (da) * 2005-12-02 2015-07-13 Lm Wind Power As Lynsikringssystem til vinge til et vindenergianlæg
EP2365218A1 (fr) * 2010-03-08 2011-09-14 Lm Glasfiber A/S Pale d'éolienne dotée d'un système de protection contre la foudre
US20190195203A1 (en) * 2011-12-09 2019-06-27 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Wind turbine blade for a wind turbine
KR20130084612A (ko) * 2011-12-09 2013-07-25 미츠비시 쥬고교 가부시키가이샤 풍차 날개
US20130149153A1 (en) * 2011-12-09 2013-06-13 Euros Entwicklungsgesellschaft Fur Windkraftanlagen Mbh Wind turbine blade
NL2012015C2 (en) * 2013-12-23 2015-06-26 Viventus Holding B V Rotor blade, system comprising the rotor blade and method of electrically connecting the rotor blade to ground using the system.
JP5874992B1 (ja) * 2015-05-18 2016-03-02 株式会社落雷抑制システムズ 風力発電装置用ブレード
CN105134511B (zh) * 2015-10-21 2017-10-24 北京乾源风电科技有限公司 一种风能叶片的防雷装置
ES2613578B1 (es) * 2015-11-24 2018-03-12 Gamesa Innovation & Technology, S.L. Pala de aerogenerador que comprende un sistema pararrayos equipada con material absorbente de radar
FR3044349B1 (fr) * 2015-11-27 2020-10-23 Airbus Defence & Space Sas Pale pour eolienne comprenant une couche de metallisation ayant un grammage optimise
DE102016117917A1 (de) * 2016-06-30 2018-01-04 I-OHM Entwicklungsgesellschaft für angewandte Widerstandssysteme e.U. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Heizeinrichtung und Heizeinrichtung
KR101954775B1 (ko) * 2016-11-30 2019-05-17 두산중공업 주식회사 멀티 다운 컨덕터가 적용된 풍력 발전기용 카본 블레이드.
DK3330528T3 (da) 2016-12-05 2020-10-26 Nordex Energy Gmbh Bæltemodul til et vindenergianlæg-rotorblad
US11619205B2 (en) * 2017-04-26 2023-04-04 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Wind turbine blade and wind turbine power generating apparatus
EP3692257B1 (fr) * 2017-10-02 2021-12-01 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Améliorations concernant des composants structurels de pales d'éolienne

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20220018328A1 (en) 2022-01-20
CN113039361A (zh) 2021-06-25
DE102018009039A1 (de) 2020-05-20
WO2020104389A1 (fr) 2020-05-28

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