EP3894123A1 - Dissipateur thermique fabriqué de manière additive - Google Patents

Dissipateur thermique fabriqué de manière additive

Info

Publication number
EP3894123A1
EP3894123A1 EP19895503.1A EP19895503A EP3894123A1 EP 3894123 A1 EP3894123 A1 EP 3894123A1 EP 19895503 A EP19895503 A EP 19895503A EP 3894123 A1 EP3894123 A1 EP 3894123A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
baseplate
chamber
heat sink
heat
radiator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP19895503.1A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3894123A4 (fr
Inventor
Vito Abate
Jason Durfee
Todd Deaville
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Magna International Inc
Original Assignee
Magna International Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Magna International Inc filed Critical Magna International Inc
Publication of EP3894123A1 publication Critical patent/EP3894123A1/fr
Publication of EP3894123A4 publication Critical patent/EP3894123A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F28D15/0233—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes the conduits having a particular shape, e.g. non-circular cross-section, annular
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • B23P15/26—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass heat exchangers or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B22F3/11—Making porous workpieces or articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
    • B22F7/08—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools with one or more parts not made from powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F3/00—Making gear teeth involving copying operations controlled by templates having a profile which matches that of the required tooth face or part thereof or a copy thereof to a different scale
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F28D15/04—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure
    • F28D15/046—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure characterised by the material or the construction of the capillary structure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F2005/005—Article surface comprising protrusions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P2700/00—Indexing scheme relating to the articles being treated, e.g. manufactured, repaired, assembled, connected or other operations covered in the subgroups
    • B23P2700/10—Heat sinks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates generally to a heat sink for conveying heat from a baseplate to a cover. More specifically, it relates to a heat sink produced by additive manufacturing.
  • Heat skinks are used to convey heat away from a heat source, such as an electronic device, to prevent the heat source and/or other components from being damaged due to excessive temperatures.
  • a heat source such as an electronic device
  • One type of heat skink that is conventionally known is a heat pipe, which uses a refrigerant fluid that changes from a liquid to a gas at an evaporator to transmit heat from the heat source to a condenser, where heat exits as the refrigerant fluid condenses back to a liquid.
  • Conventional heat pipes employ a wick to transfer the condensed refrigerant from the condenser back to the evaporator.
  • Additive manufacturing is used to manufacture parts in a series of steps by progressively adding material to the part being manufactured.
  • One type of conventional additive manufacturing uses a heat source, such as a laser, to melt a source material, such as a metal powder.
  • a source material such as a metal powder.
  • the source material is removed from areas where it is not melted. This allows parts to be made with a variety of complex shapes.
  • a heat sink including a baseplate of thermally-conductive material defining a lower surface for conducting heat from a heat source.
  • the heat sink also includes a radiator disposed upon the baseplate away from the lower surface.
  • the radiator includes a skin of melted material formed by additive manufacturing and enclosing a chamber.
  • An outer wick of porous material is disposed within the chamber, the outer wick coats an inner surface of the skin.
  • a method of forming a heat sink comprises: selectively melting a source material to form a skin defining a chamber of a radiator; forming the source material to define an outer wick of porous material within the chamber coating an inner surface of the skin; and attaching a baseplate of thermally- conductive material to the radiator to enclose the chamber, wherein the baseplate is configured to be in thermal communication with a heat source.
  • FIG. 1 is a side cut-away view of a heat sink according to some embodiments.
  • FIG. 2 is a side cut-away view of a heat sink according to some embodiments.
  • FIG. 3 is a side cut-away view of a heat sink according to some embodiments.
  • FIG. 4 is a side cut-away view of a heat sink according to some embodiments.
  • FIG. 5A is a side view of a heat sink according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view of the heat sink of FIG. 5 A through section
  • FIG. 5C is a cross-sectional view of the heat sink of FIG. 5 A through section
  • FIG. 6A is a top view of a heat sink according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 6B is a cross-sectional view of the heat sink of FIG. 6A through section
  • FIG. 6C is a cross-sectional view of the heat sink of FIG. 6A through section
  • FIG. 7 is a cut-away perspective view of a heat sink according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a heat sink according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 9 is a flow chart listing steps in a method of forming a heat sink.
  • Figure 10 is a flow chart listing steps in a method of dissipating heat by a heat sink.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first example heat sink 20 that includes a baseplate 22 of thermally-conductive material for conducting heat from a heat source.
  • the baseplate 22 is shaped as a flat plate extending between a lower surface 24 and an upper surface 25.
  • the lower surface 24 of the baseplate 22 is configured to be in thermal communication with a heat source, such as an integrated circuit or a power electronic device.
  • the heat sink 20, 120, 220 also includes a radiator 26 disposed upon the upper surface 25 of the baseplate 22, away from the lower surface 24 for transferring heat to atmosphere, such as air or liquid that surrounds the radiator 26.
  • the radiator 26 may transfer heat to the atmosphere by any means such as radiation, conduction, and/or convection.
  • the radiator 26 includes a skin 32 of melted material formed by additive manufacturing, with the skin 32 and enclosing a chamber 36.
  • the skin 32 may be formed by selectively melting a source material, such as a loose powder, using a concentrated heat source, such as a laser.
  • the heat sink 20, 120, 220 also includes an outer wick 38 of porous material disposed within the chamber 36 and coating an inner surface 34 of the skin 32.
  • the outer wick 38 is permeable to liquid, allowing liquid and/or gases to flow therethrough with relatively low restrictions to flow.
  • the outer wick 38 comprises a permeable filling including loose granules 40 disposed within the chamber 36.
  • the permeable filling may completely fill the chamber 36 as shown in FIGS. 1-2. Alternatively, the permeable filling may only partially fill the chamber 36.
  • the loose granules 40 define void spaces 42 therebetween.
  • the permeable filling may be, for example, a loose powder or a porous solid.
  • the permeable filling includes the source material in an unmelted state. For example, an outermost area of the source material may be melted to form the skin 32, and source material located therein may be left in an unmelted state or in a semi-melted state to form the permeable filling.
  • the permeable filling may be entirely comprised of the source material.
  • the permeable filling may include the source material with one or more other components, which may be added after the skin 32 is formed by the additive manufacturing process.
  • the permeable filling may include none of the source material.
  • the permeable filling may be entirely made of material that is added after the skin 32 is formed by the additive manufacturing process.
  • the permeable filling is permeable to liquid flow, allowing a liquid or a gas to pass therethrough.
  • the permeable filling could include other structural components, such as, for example, a lattice or a foam or a compacted solid of granules with void spaces 42 therebetween.
  • the permeable filling may comprise a combination of loose granules and another liquid-permeable material such as a lattice or a foam or a compacted solid.
  • the permeable filling preferably functions as a porous wick, promoting capillary action to convey liquid therethrough.
  • the permeable filling provides the heat sink 20, 120, 220 with structural rigidity, which may counteract air pressure force on the baseplate 22, the cover 30, and/or the skin 32. This may be especially useful in embodiments where the chamber 36 is under a vacuum.
  • the radiator 26 includes a foundation 28 that extends between the baseplate 22 and a cover 30 that is spaced apart from the baseplate 22.
  • the baseplate 22 and/or the cover 30 may be made by melting the source material by additive manufacturing.
  • the baseplate 22 and/or the cover 30 may be made independently and/or by a different process, such as by stamping, casting, machining, etc.
  • the cover 30 is formed as a part of the skin 32.
  • the cover 30 is generally flat and is parallel and spaced apart from the baseplate 22.
  • the cover 30 may have different shapes or orientations, depending on packaging requirements and/or heat dissipation requirements.
  • the foundation 28 may be hollow, defining the chamber 36 therein. In some embodiments, the foundation 28 may be partially or completely filled with material.
  • a refrigerant 50 is disposed within the chamber 36.
  • the refrigerant 50 may be free to flow through the outer wick 38.
  • the outer wick 38 may hold the refrigerant 50 near the skin 32, thereby improving the ability of the heat sink 20, 120, 220 to dissipate heat.
  • the refrigerant 50 may boil, or change between a liquid phase 52 and a vapor phase 54 to convey heat from the baseplate 22 to the cover 30.
  • the refrigerant 50 may boil from a first region 56 proximate to the baseplate 22 and travel in the vapor phase 54 to a second region 58 proximate to the cover 30.
  • the refrigerant 50 may condense back to the liquid phase 52.
  • the refrigerant 50 in the liquid phase 52 may be conveyed through the void spaces 42 within the loose granules 40 and back to the first region 56 proximate to the baseplate 22 by capillary action.
  • the radiator 26 includes a plurality of fins 60 extending away from the baseplate 22. More specifically, the cover 30 may extend in a generally flat plane, with the plurality of fins 60 extending generally transversely to the generally flat plane. The cover 30 could define one or more curved surfaces, which may or may not include the fins 60 extending therefrom.
  • the fins 60 may be formed as pillars or posts. Alternatively or additionally, the fins 60 may be formed as ribs that extend for a substantial length along the cover 30.
  • the fins 60 may function to increase the surface area of the skin 32 to promote heat transfer to a fluid, such as a gas or a liquid, contacting an outer surface of the skin 32 opposite the chamber 36.
  • the fins 60 is solid. In some other embodiments, and as shown in FIG. 2, the outer wick 38 extends into the fins 60. In some embodiments, and as shown for example in FIG. 2, the fins 60 are filled with the permeable material, which may be in fluid communication with the permeable material within the foundation 28. In this way, the refrigerant 50, in the vapor phase 54, can travel into the fins 60 to reach the second region 58, which is sufficiently cold to cause the vapor 54 to condense back to the liquid phase 52. [0029] FIGS. 3-4, 5A-5C, 6A-6C, and 7 show a second example heat sink 120.
  • the second example heat sink 120 is similar to the first example heat sink 20, with some additional design features.
  • the radiator 26 is formed as a monolithic piece by additive manufacturing.
  • the second example heat sink 120 includes an outer wick 38 of porous material disposed within the chamber and coating an inner surface 34 of the skin 32.
  • the outer wick 38 comprises material melted or partially melted material by additive manufacturing.
  • the second example heat sink 120 shown in FIGS. 3-7 includes a plurality of fins 60 extending away from the baseplate 22.
  • at least one of the fins 60 comprises a body 62 shaped as a rod or a cone extending away from the baseplate 22 to a closed top 64.
  • the body 62 of one of the fins 60 may be shaped as a cylinder that extends for an entire length between the cover 30 and the closed top 64.
  • the body 62 of one of the fins 60 may taper down from a first cross-sectional area at the cover 30 to a second, smaller cross-sectional area at the closed top 64.
  • the heat sink 20, 120, 220 includes an inner wick 66 of porous material disposed within the chamber 36 and coating the upper surface 25 of the baseplate 22.
  • the inner wick 66 may be integrally formed with the baseplate 22, for example as a monolithic piece. Alternatively, the inner wick 66 may be formed separately from the baseplate 22.
  • the heat sink 20, 120, 220 includes an intermediate wick 68 of porous material disposed within the chamber 36 between the outer wick 38 and the inner wick 66 for conveying liquid therebetween. In some embodiments, and as also shown in FIGS.
  • the radiator 26 defines a cavity 70 that extends between the inner wick 66 adjacent to the baseplate 22 into the fins 60.
  • the cavity 70 may extend up into the closed top 64 of the fins 60.
  • the vapor phase 54 of the refrigerant 50 may travel through the cavity 70 from the inner wick 66 and into the fins 60, where it condenses into the liquid phase 52.
  • the liquid phase 52 of the refrigerant may condense within the outer wick 38 and return to the inner wick 66 via the intermediate wick 68 by gravity and/or by capillary action.
  • any or all of the wicks 38, 66, 68 may be formed by additive manufacturing
  • each of the wicks 38, 66, 68 may be formed together with the skin 32 from shared source material.
  • a first melting power and/or speed may be used to create the skin 32, which impermeable, and a second, lower melting power and/or a higher speed may be used to create any or all of the wicks 38, 66, 68, which are permeable to liquid flow.
  • paths used in the AM process between adjacent layers may be rotated to form an open lattice type structure within one or more of the wicks 38, 66, 68.
  • the baseplate 22 may comprise a solid piece of material, such as metal.
  • the baseplate may comprise an insulated metal substrate (IMS) printed circuit board, such as ThermalClad by Henkel.
  • IMS insulated metal substrate
  • the baseplate 22 may be attached to the radiator 26 after the radiator 26 is formed. In some embodiments, unmelted source material may be removed from the radiator 26 prior to attaching the baseplate 22 thereto, thus forming the cavity 70 within the radiator 26.
  • the baseplate 22 may be welded to the radiator 26 to hermetically seal the chamber 36. Alternatively or additionally, the baseplate 22 may be attached to the radiator 26 by other means such as using an adhesive and/or using one or more fasteners.
  • FIGS. 5A-5C, FIGS. 6A-6C, and FIG. 7 show various views of the second example heat sink 120.
  • the baseplate 22 has a square-shaped footprint of 100 mm x 100 mm.
  • the baseplate 22 may have other shapes, which may depend on application requirements.
  • the baseplate 22 may be smaller or larger than 100 mm x 100 mm.
  • each of the fins 60 may have a circular cross-section with a diameter of 15 mm.
  • the fins 60 may have different shapes and/or sizes, which may be regular or irregular. In other words, different fins 60 on one heat sink 20,
  • the heat sink 20, 120, 220 may have different shapes or sizes.
  • the heat sink 20, 120, 220 may have a total height of 75 mm, however, the heat sink 20, 120, 220 may be smaller or larger than 75 mm in height.
  • the foundation 28 may have a height of 25 mm between the lower surface 24 of the baseplate 22 and the cover 30. However, the foundation 28 may have a height that is less than or greater than 25 mm.
  • FIG. 8 shows a third example heat sink 220, which is similar to the second example heat sink 120.
  • the third example heat sink 220 includes sixty-four fins 60 arranged in an 8x8 pattern.
  • Each of the fins 60 of the third example heat sink 220 have a conical shape, with the body 62 tapering from a first cross-sectional area at the foundation 28 to a second, smaller cross-sectional area at the closed top 64.
  • the method 100 includes 102 selectively melting a source material to form a skin 32 defining a chamber 36 of a radiator 26.
  • the source material may be selectively melted using a laser.
  • the method 100 also includes 104 forming the source material to define an outer wick 38 of porous material within the chamber coating an inner surface 34 of the skin 32.
  • Forming the outer wick 38 may comprise melting the source material, which may be performed as part of the same additive manufacturing process used to form the skin 32.
  • this step 104 of melting the source material to define the outer wick 38 is performed using an energy source having an intensity that is lower than an intensity used to selectively melt the source material to form the skin 32.
  • the method 100 also includes 106 attaching a baseplate of 22 thermally - conductive material to the radiator 26 to enclose the chamber 36, wherein the baseplate 22 is configured to be in thermal communication with a heat source.
  • Attaching the baseplate 22 may include forming a hermetic seal enclosing the chamber 36.
  • the baseplate 22 may be welded to the radiator 26.
  • the baseplate 22 may be attached to the radiator 26 by other means such as using an adhesive and/or using one or more fasteners.
  • the method 100 also includes 108 removing excess source material from the chamber 36 to define a cavity 70.
  • the excess source material may be, for example,“green” powder that was not solidified by the additive manufacturing process.
  • the excess source material may be removed from the chamber 36 prior to attaching the baseplate of 22.
  • the excess source material may be removed from a bottom surface of the radiator 26, with the baseplate of 22 subsequently covering that bottom surface to enclose the chamber 36.
  • the excess source material may be removed from a hole through the skin 32 of the radiator 26.
  • a hole may be drilled through the skin 32 for draining the excess source material from the chamber 36 of the radiator 26.
  • Such a hole may be plugged or filled after the excess material is removed.
  • the source material from the additive manufacturing process may be removed from the chamber 36, for example by suction or by shaking it out of one or more holes in the baseplate 22 and/or the skin 32.
  • Additional material may be added into the chamber 36 to comprise the permeable filling.
  • the amount and/or the composition of the permeable filling within the chamber 36 may be selected to optimize wicking of the refrigerant 50.
  • the amount and/or the composition of the permeable filling within the chamber 36 may be selected to provide structural rigidity to the heat sink 20, 120, 220, and particularly to counteract air pressure where the chamber 36 contains a vacuum.
  • the method 100 of forming the heat sink 20, 120, 220 may further include 110 evacuating air from the chamber 36. This step may be unnecessary if, for example, the chamber 36 is formed in a vacuum, so that it contains little to no air in the first place.
  • the method 100 of forming the heat sink 20, 120, 220 may further include 112 adding a refrigerant 50 into the chamber 36; and 114 sealing the chamber 36 after adding the refrigerant 50 into the chamber 36.
  • Sealing the chamber 36 may be performed by attaching the baseplate 22 to the radiator 26 and/or by fixing a cap or a plug to cover a passage into the chamber 36, where the passage is used at an earlier stage for adding the refrigerant 50 into the chamber 36, and/or for evacuating air from the chamber 36.
  • a passage may be formed as part of the additive manufacturing process.
  • the passage may be formed, for example by drilling or puncturing, after the chamber 36 is formed.
  • the passage may be integrally formed in the baseplate 22 before the skin 32 is formed.
  • the method 100 of forming the heat sink 20 may further include 116 forming an inner wick 66 of porous material coating an upper surface 25 of the baseplate 22. In some embodiments, the method 100 of forming the heat sink 20 may further include 118 forming an intermediate wick 68 of porous material disposed within the chamber 36 between the outer wick 38 and the inner wick 66 for conveying liquid therebetween.
  • a method 200 of dissipating heat by a heat sink 20, 120, 220 is also provided.
  • the method 200 of dissipating heat by the heat sink 20 includes 202 evaporating a refrigerant 50 from a first region 56 proximate to a baseplate 22 to a gaseous state, also called a vapor phase 54.
  • the method 200 of dissipating heat by the heat sink 20, 120, 220 also includes 204 condensing the refrigerant 50 from the gaseous state to a liquid state, also called a liquid phase 52, at a second region 58 proximate to a skin 32 of a radiator 26.
  • the method 200 of dissipating heat by the heat sink 20, 120, 220 proceeds with 206 conveying the refrigerant 50 in the liquid phase 52 from the second region 58 to the first region 56.
  • the step of 206 conveying the refrigerant 50 in the liquid phase 52 is performed, at least in part, by capillary action through one or more wicks 38, 66, 68.
  • the step of 206 conveying the refrigerant 50 in the liquid phase 52 may be performed, at least in part, by gravity.
  • the heat sink 20, 120, 220 may have a preferred orientation in which it is most effective to remove heat from the baseplate 22.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Cooling Or The Like Of Semiconductors Or Solid State Devices (AREA)
  • Cooling Or The Like Of Electrical Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention porte sur un dissipateur thermique comprenant une plaque de base en matériau thermoconducteur et un radiateur pour transférer de la chaleur à l'atmosphère autour du radiateur. La plaque de base est conçue pour être en communication thermique avec une source de chaleur, telle qu'un circuit intégré ou un dispositif électronique de puissance. Le radiateur est disposé sur la plaque de base et comprend une peau de matériau fondu formée par fabrication additive qui renferme une chambre. Une mèche externe de matériau poreux est disposée à l'intérieur de la chambre, la mèche externe recouvre une surface interne de la peau. Un fluide frigorigène est disposé dans la chambre. Le fluide frigorigène passe entre une phase liquide et une phase vapeur pour transporter la chaleur de la plaque de base vers la peau, et est renvoyé à travers la mèche dans la phase liquide par capillarité. Le radiateur comprend également une pluralité d'ailettes s'étendant à partir d'un couvercle pour favoriser le transfert de chaleur vers l'atmosphère.
EP19895503.1A 2018-12-12 2019-12-11 Dissipateur thermique fabriqué de manière additive Withdrawn EP3894123A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201862778637P 2018-12-12 2018-12-12
PCT/US2019/065768 WO2020123683A1 (fr) 2018-12-12 2019-12-11 Dissipateur thermique fabriqué de manière additive

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3894123A1 true EP3894123A1 (fr) 2021-10-20
EP3894123A4 EP3894123A4 (fr) 2022-01-19

Family

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FR3122252B1 (fr) * 2021-04-26 2023-04-28 Airbus Defence & Space Sas Structure thermomécanique pour plan focal d’instrument d’observation spatiale

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CN113365769A (zh) 2021-09-07
WO2020123683A1 (fr) 2020-06-18
EP3894123A4 (fr) 2022-01-19
KR20210099105A (ko) 2021-08-11
CA3122839A1 (fr) 2020-06-18

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