EP3910654A1 - Transformateur pourvu d'enroulement de cylindre - Google Patents

Transformateur pourvu d'enroulement de cylindre Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3910654A1
EP3910654A1 EP20174391.1A EP20174391A EP3910654A1 EP 3910654 A1 EP3910654 A1 EP 3910654A1 EP 20174391 A EP20174391 A EP 20174391A EP 3910654 A1 EP3910654 A1 EP 3910654A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
winding
transformer
partial
windings
leg
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP20174391.1A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Marcel Lutze
Eberhard Drechsler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG, Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to EP20174391.1A priority Critical patent/EP3910654A1/fr
Publication of EP3910654A1 publication Critical patent/EP3910654A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/34—Special means for preventing or reducing unwanted electric or magnetic effects, e.g. no-load losses, reactive currents, harmonics, oscillations, leakage fields
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F19/00—Fixed transformers or mutual inductances of the signal type
    • H01F19/04—Transformers or mutual inductances suitable for handling frequencies considerably beyond the audio range
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F30/00—Fixed transformers not covered by group H01F19/00
    • H01F30/06—Fixed transformers not covered by group H01F19/00 characterised by the structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F30/00—Fixed transformers not covered by group H01F19/00
    • H01F30/06—Fixed transformers not covered by group H01F19/00 characterised by the structure
    • H01F30/10—Single-phase transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F19/00—Fixed transformers or mutual inductances of the signal type
    • H01F19/04—Transformers or mutual inductances suitable for handling frequencies considerably beyond the audio range
    • H01F19/08—Transformers having magnetic bias, e.g. for handling pulses
    • H01F2019/085—Transformer for galvanic isolation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a transformer with a first and a second winding, the first winding and the second winding being arranged concentrically around one leg of the transformer.
  • the invention also relates to a method for operating such a transformer.
  • the invention also relates to a computer program product for simulating an operating behavior of a transformer.
  • Transformers come in a variety of designs. They are used, for example, to generate a predeterminable voltage level, to connect different voltage levels with one another and / or to establish a galvanic separation between two areas. Depending on the application, transformers are operated at different frequencies. In power distribution networks often with 16 2/3 Hz, 50 Hz or 60 Hz. Medium-frequency transformers are used in the frequency range between 100Hz and 500kHz.
  • transformers have a winding system with at least one primary and one secondary winding, as well as a core for guiding the magnetic flux.
  • the part of the core around which the windings are arranged is called the main leg.
  • Further legs run parallel to this, but they have no winding and are used for the return of the magnetic circuit. These are also referred to as return legs.
  • Most of the legs are arranged parallel to one another.
  • the legs, both main legs and return legs, are connected to one another via a yoke or a plurality of yokes in such a way that a closed circle is produced as a core for guiding the magnetic flux.
  • the core of the leg and yoke for guiding the magnetic circuit is formed, for example, from a ferrite that the magnetic Can guide and guide flow well and with little loss, without going into saturation.
  • the transformer described in more detail here has a cylinder winding.
  • the winding system with its windings is then constructed in the shape of a cylinder. With two windings, the outer winding surrounds the inner winding in the radial direction. When cutting through these windings, concentric circles of the windings are created.
  • the cylinder winding is therefore also described in that the windings are arranged concentrically around one leg.
  • the winding system with its two windings should be able to be produced independently of the magnetic circuit, so that only the winding system has to be connected to the magnetic circuit material during the production of the transformer.
  • a transformer that has a cylindrical winding and only windings are arranged around exactly one leg is also known as a round transformer.
  • the winding system of a round transformer cannot be distributed to two or more legs via partial windings, so that the current to be transmitted only flows via one primary-side and one secondary-side winding. At most it is possible to wind several lines parallel to one another to form a winding system.
  • the invention is based on the object of improving a transformer, in particular a circular transformer.
  • a transformer having a first winding and a second winding, the first winding and the second winding being arranged concentrically around a leg of the transformer, the first winding comprising a first partial winding and a second partial winding, the second winding is arranged between the first partial winding of the first winding and the second partial winding of the first winding.
  • this task solved by a method for operating such a transformer, wherein the transformer is operated with currents and / or voltages with a frequency in the range from 100 Hz to 500 kHz.
  • the object is also achieved by a computer program product for simulating an operating behavior of such a transformer in an electrical environment.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that a transformer with a cylindrical winding can be improved by splitting a first winding into two partial windings and these partial windings encompassing the second winding of the transformer from inside and outside as seen in the radial direction. This results in a build-up of the winding from the inside, starting at the leg, to the outside, i.e. with an increasing radius from the first partial winding of the first winding, followed by the second winding. This is then followed by the second partial winding of the first winding. This division minimizes the interactions between the two windings in such a way that the current displacement has a uniform effect on the first winding and the second winding.
  • the same effective cross section can thus be used for the conductors of the first and the second winding.
  • the conductor is formed, for example, by a line or a wire which is arranged wound around a leg in a cylindrical shape.
  • a winding can be formed by several parallel lines to increase the effective cross section.
  • the effective cross-section results, among other things, from the number of parallel lines in the winding.
  • the current displacement due to the magnetic coupling increases the resistance of the conductor. This means that in the proposed arrangement, due to the low current displacement, the same number of parallel lines can be provided for the first and the second winding, and thus the same resistance results in the windings.
  • the transmission ratio when the transmission ratio is equal to 1, the number of parallel lines for producing the winding or the effective line cross-section of the respective windings can be selected to be the same, since in this case the same current flows in the windings. If the transmission ratio is not equal to 1, it has proven to be advantageous to select the number of lines of the respective windings or the effective cross-sections of the lines in the ratio of the transmission ratio, since the losses are then evenly distributed over the windings. This ensures that only a smaller cross-sectional area is required on the high-voltage side, where a lower current flows.
  • a transformer constructed in this way is particularly suitable for use in the medium frequency range, i.e. frequencies in the range from 100 Hz to 500 kHz. These medium-frequency components have a particularly strong effect on the current displacement in the conductor. Without dividing the first winding into two partial windings for low-loss operation for the outer winding of the cylinder winding, even with a transmission ratio of one, a multiple of electrically parallel lines is provided in order to enable low-loss operation. Due to the large radius of the outer winding, such a transformer would become disproportionately expensive if one wanted to transform or decouple voltages / currents in the medium frequency range with this transformer, such as galvanically isolating them.
  • the proposed transformer with the division of the first winding into two partial windings, which, viewed radially, surround the second winding from inside and outside, also has the advantage of uniform heating.
  • cooling air can also be guided between the respective partial winding and the second winding.
  • the transformer can also be cooled significantly better through these additional cooling air paths.
  • the heating of the winding and core is also improved, i.e. reduced, and thus makes it possible to save both copper and magnetic material.
  • the simple geometry of the winding arrangement also allows time to be saved during manufacture.
  • the electrical environment refers to components with which the transformer is in electrical interaction. These are, for example, electrical consumers that are supplied with electrical energy from a source via the transformer or electrical consumers that are operated in parallel on one winding of the transformer.
  • the first partial winding and the second partial winding of the first winding are arranged electrically in parallel.
  • the parallel connection has a particularly positive effect on the stray fields between the two windings and thus on the interactions between the two windings.
  • the effective line cross-sections of the first winding and the second winding differ depending on the transmission ratio.
  • the transformation ratio is not equal to one, i.e. the transformer is at least not used exclusively for galvanic decoupling
  • the windings differ in the high-voltage and low-voltage side. Different currents can be observed on the high-voltage side and the low-voltage side. Due to the current displacement effect, the resistance in the relevant line increases. This resistance has a direct effect on the losses in the winding, which are noticeable through heat. It has thus proven advantageous to provide a higher effective cross section on the low voltage side, for example by using several parallel lines.
  • the loss behavior can thus be improved even further.
  • the measure of the further parallel line is also particularly effective, since, due to the division of the first winding into two partial windings, the cross-section of the additional lines is much more effective for improving the loss behavior. There is little or no skin effect is present, the entire introduced cross-sectional area of the line is effectively used for current conduction.
  • the ratio of the effective cross sections of the lines of the first winding and the second winding can correspond to the transmission ratio or the square of the transmission ratio in an advantageous embodiment. A particularly even distribution of the losses and particularly good utilization of the copper in the lines of the corresponding winding can thus be achieved.
  • a particularly low-loss and, moreover, light and inexpensive transformer can be produced, since the copper of the conductors or lines can be used particularly effectively.
  • the transformer has a transformation ratio of 1.
  • a transmission ratio of 1 at which the windings do not differ in terms of high voltage and low voltage and thus the same currents flow, it is particularly advantageous to have the same effective cross section of the windings. This means that the losses are also evenly distributed over the windings, since the current displacement due to the division of the first winding between the two partial windings loads the first and second windings uniformly.
  • the number of parallel lines can be chosen to be the same for each winding in a simple manner. This enables the same effective cross section to be achieved in the first and second windings in a simple manner while saving on conductor material such as copper.
  • the transformer has precisely one central main leg on which the first winding and the second winding are applied.
  • the main limb On which the first winding and the second winding are applied, it is often sufficient to execute windings only around one limb, which is then referred to as the main limb.
  • the windings are each smaller in size and can therefore then be applied to only one leg or attached or arranged on only one leg. This also makes transformers of this type particularly small in size. It is also possible to use material with lower magnetic conductivity for the core, since the path of the magnetic flux in the core is sometimes significantly shorter and thus lower losses occur even with inexpensive core material.
  • the transformer has a plurality of return legs, which are evenly distributed on a circular path around the central main leg.
  • the compact design makes it possible to provide several return legs, for example five or more, which are arranged uniformly on a circular path around the main leg.
  • the yoke is then star-shaped. In this way, too, compact structures of a transformer can be produced, which can ensure high levels of efficiency even when using inexpensive materials. Due to the large number of return legs, these return legs can be dimensioned smaller than the main leg and thus, among other things, reduce the structural volume of the transformer.
  • the FIG 1 shows a transformer 1 with a cylinder winding as is known from the prior art.
  • Two windings 11, 12 are produced and nested around a leg 2, the so-called main leg, of the magnetic circuit, ie arranged concentrically.
  • the magnetic flux for coupling the two windings 11, 12 is guided in a core.
  • the core has the leg 2, on which the windings are applied, also referred to as the main leg, the return legs 3, which are arranged parallel to the main legs, and the yoke 4, which connects the legs 2, both the main legs and the return legs 3, to one another on both sides, on.
  • the two windings are usually electrically separated from one another by an insulating element.
  • the inner winding has, for example, to ensure the required current-carrying capacity, two parallel lines that are wound around the leg.
  • the outer winding is made up of four parallel lines, whereby two layers can be wound with two parallel lines. Due to the asymmetrical winding of the transformer 1, there is increased copper expenditure, since the magnetic fields of the primary and secondary windings have an unfavorable influence on one another and this leads to increased current displacement effects.
  • the current displacement effects can be viewed as an increase in resistance in the individual lines, so that a higher line cross-section, as described above, for example through the use of several parallel lines, can or must be used to compensate for this increase in resistance. Even with one A transformation ratio of 1 is therefore provided for a different number of parallel lines and thus different effective cross-sections due to the current displacement for the two windings. The effect of current displacement is stronger the higher the frequency with which the transformer is operated.
  • FIG 2 shows a section through the proposed transformer 1.
  • the first winding 11 is formed by a first partial winding 21 and a second partial winding 22. These two partial windings 21, 22 radially surround the second winding 12 of the transformer 1.
  • the resulting magnetic field between the windings 11, 12 or partial windings 21, 22 largely avoids current displacement effects and the two windings 11, 12 also operate during operation approximately the same electrical resistance.
  • the star-shaped yoke 4 closes the magnetic circuit, which results from a centrally arranged leg 2 and five return legs 3.
  • the leg 2, to which the windings 11, 12 are attached, and the yoke leg 3 are covered by the yoke 4 and are therefore not visible, but only indicated by the reference symbols.
  • the legs 2 and return legs 3 of this arrangement are in another section through the transformer 1 of FIG 3 clearly visible.
  • an insulating material 6 is arranged between the partial windings 21, 22 and the second winding 12 in order to reliably avoid an undesired flow of current between the windings 11, 12 and the partial windings 21, 22 and a galvanic To ensure separation.
  • FIG 3 shows a further section through the proposed transformer 1.
  • the closed magnetic circuit is formed by the main leg 2, the yoke leg 3 and the yokes 4, which connect the main leg 2 and yoke leg 3 to one another on both sides.
  • the transformer 1 can also have further return legs 3.
  • the transformer 1 can use the five in FIG 2 Have shown return leg.
  • the yoke legs 3 can advantageously be evenly distributed on a circular path around the main leg 2.
  • each layer represents a line that is wound around the leg 2. It can thus be clearly seen that the first partial winding 21 and the second partial winding 22 each have a line 5, which are preferably arranged electrically in parallel, while the second winding 12 has two lines which are arranged radially one above the other.
  • Both the lines of the two partial windings 21, 22 and the two lines of the second winding 12 are advantageously connected in parallel Windings 11, 12 result in the same equivalent resistance or at least an almost identical equivalent resistance which differs by a maximum of 5%.
  • the invention relates to a transformer having a first winding and a second winding, the first winding and the second winding being arranged concentrically around a leg of the transformer.
  • the first winding comprises a first partial winding and a second partial winding, the second winding being arranged between the first partial winding of the first winding and the second partial winding of the first winding.
  • the invention also relates to a method for operating such a transformer, the transformer being operated with currents and / or voltages with a frequency in the range from 100 Hz to 500 kHz.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Coils Or Transformers For Communication (AREA)
  • Coils Of Transformers For General Uses (AREA)
EP20174391.1A 2020-05-13 2020-05-13 Transformateur pourvu d'enroulement de cylindre Withdrawn EP3910654A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20174391.1A EP3910654A1 (fr) 2020-05-13 2020-05-13 Transformateur pourvu d'enroulement de cylindre

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20174391.1A EP3910654A1 (fr) 2020-05-13 2020-05-13 Transformateur pourvu d'enroulement de cylindre

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3910654A1 true EP3910654A1 (fr) 2021-11-17

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EP20174391.1A Withdrawn EP3910654A1 (fr) 2020-05-13 2020-05-13 Transformateur pourvu d'enroulement de cylindre

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090316439A1 (en) * 2008-06-19 2009-12-24 Sanken Electric Co., Ltd. Dc power source apparatus
EP2696358A1 (fr) * 2012-08-10 2014-02-12 STS Spezial-Transformatoren-Stockach GmbH & Co. KG Transformateur à fréquence moyenne

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090316439A1 (en) * 2008-06-19 2009-12-24 Sanken Electric Co., Ltd. Dc power source apparatus
EP2696358A1 (fr) * 2012-08-10 2014-02-12 STS Spezial-Transformatoren-Stockach GmbH & Co. KG Transformateur à fréquence moyenne

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
SHE XU ET AL: "Review of Solid-State Transformer Technologies and Their Application in Power Distribution Systems", IEEE JOURNAL OF EMERGING AND SELECTED TOPICS IN POWER ELECTRONICS, IEEE, PISCATAWAY, NJ, USA, vol. 1, no. 3, 1 September 2013 (2013-09-01), pages 186 - 198, XP011527621, ISSN: 2168-6777, [retrieved on 20130920], DOI: 10.1109/JESTPE.2013.2277917 *
TIAN HAONAN ET AL: "Experimental Verification on Thermal Modeling of Medium Frequency Transformers", IECON 2018 - 44TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS SOCIETY, IEEE, 21 October 2018 (2018-10-21), pages 5527 - 5534, XP033483872, DOI: 10.1109/IECON.2018.8591130 *

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