EP3919246B1 - Procédé de fabrication de tiges en bois pour chevilles à coller - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication de tiges en bois pour chevilles à coller Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3919246B1
EP3919246B1 EP20000206.1A EP20000206A EP3919246B1 EP 3919246 B1 EP3919246 B1 EP 3919246B1 EP 20000206 A EP20000206 A EP 20000206A EP 3919246 B1 EP3919246 B1 EP 3919246B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wooden
cylindrical
helical grooves
bars
gears
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP20000206.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3919246A1 (fr
Inventor
Gheorghe Gutt
Mihai Dimian
Valentin Popa
Amariei Sonia
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Universitatea Stefan Cel Mare din Suceava
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Universitatea Stefan Cel Mare din Suceava
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27M—WORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
    • B27M1/00—Working of wood not provided for in subclasses B27B - B27L, e.g. by stretching
    • B27M1/02—Working of wood not provided for in subclasses B27B - B27L, e.g. by stretching by compressing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27C—PLANING, DRILLING, MILLING, TURNING OR UNIVERSAL MACHINES FOR WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL
    • B27C5/00—Machines designed for producing special profiles or shaped work, e.g. by rotary cutters; Equipment therefor
    • B27C5/08—Rounding machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27M—WORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
    • B27M3/00—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles
    • B27M3/28—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles of dowels or bolts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing cylindrical wooden rods having on the surface a network of helical crossed grooves produced by plastic rolling deformation, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such a method is known from the document US2681086A known.
  • Wood glue dowels are auxiliary elements used in the furniture industry for rigid connection of various furniture parts.
  • the raw material for the production of wood dowels are smooth or grooved cylindrical wooden rods, from which dowels of a specified length are cut on automatic machines.
  • the requirements for wooden dowels relate to mechanical strength and to ensuring a high level of durability over time, which must at least correspond to the service life of the furniture.
  • the mechanical strength is ensured by the appropriate selection of wood species for the manufacture of wooden rods from which the dowels are produced, by the appropriate dimensioning of the dowels in terms of their diameter and length, and by ensuring a sufficient amount of glue evenly distributed over the entire bonding surface.
  • the durability of the bond depends on the size of the contact surface between the wooden dowel and the glued furniture element, as well as on the type and quality of the glue used.
  • Cylindrical wooden dowels with a smooth surface and also cylindrical wooden dowels with a longitudinally grooved surface are currently used for gluing furniture elements of classic furniture with a fiberboard structure.
  • Smooth cylindrical rods for the production of glued dowels are obtained by parallel longitudinal milling of wooden slats. After the passage of a wooden slat between a router and a cutter, each of which has a cutting profile with several semicircles, four to eight cylindrical wooden rods are produced at the same time, depending on the width of the slat.
  • Longitudinally grooved cylindrical wooden dowels are also obtained by longitudinal milling of wooden slats.
  • the difference to the production of smooth cylindrical wooden rods is that the two milling cutters have toothed semicircles.
  • the result is the simultaneous production of four to eight cylindrical wooden rods with parallel longitudinal grooves, where the recess between two grooves is obtained by removing the wooden material, by chip milling.
  • cylindrical wooden dowels with grooves with diameters of 8 mm, 10 mm and 12 mm are used, with the grooves being mainly produced by rolling.
  • long cylindrical wooden rods are used as raw material, the surface of which is roll-formed under a certain pressure using two processes.
  • the smooth cylindrical wooden bars are plastically deformed on the surface by means of two driven steel wheels, each with grooves arranged radially on a semicircle; the final products are wooden bars with parallel grooves oriented longitudinally.
  • these wooden bars are deformed, one after the other, between three or four cylindrical rotating gears.
  • the result is a wooden bar on whose surface there are helical grooves, created by plastic rolling deformation, which incline to the right or to the left.
  • Grooved dowels made from wooden rods in which the grooves are obtained either by plastic rolling longitudinal deformation or by plastic helical rolling deformation of cylindrical smooth wooden rods, have, in comparison to dowels with in which the grooves are obtained by milling cylindrical smooth wooden bars, are of better quality.
  • This better quality is due to the fact that for the dowels obtained by plastic rolling, the water glue absorbed in the channels between the grooves swells shortly after the assembly of the furniture elements, thereby causing an almost complete recovery of the initial diameter of the cylindrical shape.
  • the contact and clamping surface of the furniture elements is thus large compared to the grooved dowels obtained by milling, since in the latter half of the dowel surface has been removed by machining the cylindrical wooden bars.
  • the problem solved by the invention consists in describing an automatic process for producing cylindrical wooden bars having on the surface a network of helical crossed grooves with a small pitch.
  • the process for producing cylindrical wooden bars with cross grooves involves three successive stages.
  • wooden bars with a square cross-section are automatically fed from a magazine into a rotating milling cutter.
  • the square section wooden bars are radially milled to transform them into cylindrical smooth wooden bars. This operation is followed by a plastic rolling deformation of the surface of the cylindrical wooden bars, which results in cylindrical wooden bars with helical grooves inclined to the left.
  • the supply unit is interchangeable and serves to ensure automatic and continuous feeding of the square section wooden bars towards the milling and plastic rolling deformation unit.
  • the supply unit includes a gravity feed magazine, a pneumatic feed cylinder and a square section guide. The interchangeability is ensured with three different supply units for wooden bars with the sides of the square passage of 9 mm, 11 mm and 13 mm, which correspond to the final diameters of 8 mm, 10 mm and 12 mm for wooden bars with crossed grooves.
  • the pneumatic feed cylinder is part of an electro-pneumatic control circuit which also includes a roller limit switch, a solenoid valve and a Microprocessor included.
  • the feed rod of the pneumatic feed cylinder pushes the first wooden stick, with square section, from the feed magazine into an interchangeable steel guide, with axial supply and pyramidal inlet, whose passage channel also has a square section and whose side dimension is 0.5 mm larger than the dimension of one side of the wooden stick.
  • the feed rod then pushes the wooden stick, with square section, into the radial cutter which transforms it into a cylindrical wooden stick.
  • the stroke of the feed rod In order to ensure the advance of the square-section wooden bar, the stroke of the feed rod must be sufficient until its cylindrically milled beginning enters the gap between three gears, which in turn, through plastic rolling deformation, create helical grooves on the surface of the wooden bar with a slope to the left. From the moment the beginning of the cylindrically milled wooden bar is gripped by the three gears, they also develop a tensile force that ensures the advance of the square-section wooden bar towards the cutter, and at the same time the advance of the cylindrically milled part of the wooden bar towards the second plastic rolling deformation unit.
  • the stroke of the feed rod is monitored by the electronic control system.
  • the sensor roller of the electric limit switch is in contact with one side of the square-section bar.
  • the microprocessor which, via the solenoid valve, ensures the air supply to the pneumatic cylinder and retracts the feed bar to the initial position. Subsequently, via the automatic cycle, a new supply of a square section wooden bar is ensured to the cutter.
  • the operator's role consists only in periodically supplying the log warehouse and intervening, through the window of the log warehouse, in the situation when the gravitational advance of the square-section logs in the warehouse is blocked.
  • the advance of the logs in the warehouse does not need to be constantly monitored by the operator, since a possible jamming of the logs is detected by the electronic control system, which immediately triggers an acoustic and visual alarm.
  • the cylindrical milling and plastic rolling deformation unit carries out the cylindrical milling of square cross-section wooden bars in the first part and the plastic rolling deformation of the cylindrical wooden bars in the second part of the unit, which subsequently have helical grooves on the surface with a small pitch, inclined to the left.
  • the unit has a radial milling cutter, a cutter that can be replaced depending on the diameter of the cylindrical bar to be machined and is mounted by screwing it onto a steel drive plate.
  • On the back of the drive plate there are three cylindrical gears, made of hardened steel, with a small module, mounted on radial bearings and which achieve a plastic rolling deformation on the surface of the cylindrical wooden bar.
  • the three gears are positioned radially at an angle of 120 °, forming a gap between them in which an equilateral triangle can be inscribed, at the same time the axis of rotation of the gears forms an angle of 15 ° with the axis of symmetry of the wooden bars being machined, inclined to the left.
  • the axis of symmetry of the cylindrical bearing axis of the three radial ball bearings of the rolling deformation gears is offset by 3 mm from the axis of symmetry of the mounting cone.
  • This adaptation ensures an eccentric movement of the gears, which allows the gears to be brought closer to or further away from the wooden bar by rotating around the axis of symmetry of the cones.
  • a cylindrical gauge made of hardened and ground steel is used, the diameter of which is 1.2 mm smaller than the diameter of the end wood bar, which has a network of crossed grooves on its surface. The gauge is inserted through the cylindrical passage of the cutter until it is located between the three gears. The adjustment and alignment is carried out by loosening the cone clamping nuts of the three gears and then rotating them around the cone symmetry axis until they touch the surface of the gauge. At this point, the adjustment is complete and the cone clamping nuts are tightened.
  • the second plastic rolling unit produces helical grooves inclined to the right, overlapping the grooves inclined to the left produced by the first plastic rolling unit. Except for two differences, this unit is identical in size and geometry to the first unit. The first difference is that, instead of the milling cutter in the front part, this unit has an interchangeable cylindrical guide with axial supply and frustoconical inlet, depending on the diameter of the cylindrical bar to be machined. The second difference is that the three gears have an inclination angle of 15° to the right, compared to the three gears of the first unit which have this inclination angle of 15° to the left.
  • each roller in the two plastic rolling deformation units performs a rotary movement around its own axis and a planetary movement around the cylindrical wooden rod.
  • the gears together with the wooden rod to be processed form a screw-nut arrangement (cylindrical gears - nut, cylindrical wooden rod - screw).
  • the gears of the second plastic rolling deformation unit develop a tensile force identical to that exerted in the first unit.
  • the longitudinal feed of the wooden bar is stopped for the purpose of plastic deformation. only by the three gears of the second rolling deformation unit, which continue the feed until the wooden stick crosses the three gears.
  • the wooden stick rotates freely in the cylindrical cavity of the hollow shaft of the drive motor until it is pushed out by the next wooden stick with crossed grooves.
  • the wooden bars After leaving the second plastic rolling deformation unit, the wooden bars fall into a collecting trolley from where they reach a machine for cutting and chamfering automatic wooden dowels of predetermined lengths, chamfered at the ends at 1x45° and which have a network of helical cross grooves on the cylindrical surface.
  • the device which materialises the process according to the invention consists of three basic units: an interchangeable supply and feed unit A, a unit B for cylindrical milling and plastic rolling deformation and a unit C for plastic rolling deformation.
  • the supply and feed unit A comprises a warehouse 1, with gravity feed for wooden bars 2 with square cross-section, provided with a window f , for inspection and unloading, an interchangeable guide body 3 with square cross-section and truncated pyramid-shaped inlet, a pneumatic feed cylinder 4 with a feed rod 5, an electrovalve 6, a microprocessor 7 and an electric limit switch 8 with contact roller and an inductive sensor 8a.
  • the milling unit B for cylindrical milling and plastic rolling transforms, in the first phase, the wooden bars 2 with square cross-section into cylindrical smooth wooden bars 9. In the second phase, these wooden bars are transformed by surface plastic rolling into cylindrical bars 10 with helical grooves on their surface with a small pitch, inclined to the left.
  • the unit B consists of a drive disc 11 made of steel, which is mounted by screws on a steel housing 12 , which in turn is screwed to the front of a hollow shaft 13 of an electric drive motor 14, rotating to the left.
  • the hollow shaft 13 is cylindrically axially bored along its entire length and has at the rear guide bodies 15 with a frustoconical inlet, which is interchangeable depending on the diameter of the wooden bars 10 .
  • a radial milling cutter 16 is mounted by screwing, which is interchangeable depending on the prescribed diameter of the cylindrical wooden bars 9.
  • gears 17, 18 and 19 with a small module, used for plastic rolling deformation.
  • the gears each have a diameter of 32 mm, a number of 60 teeth and a width of 12 mm and produce helical grooves with a channel depth between the flanks of the grooves of 0.5 to 0.7 mm and are mounted radially at an angle of 120°.
  • Each gear for rolling deformation has an inclination of 15° between its axis of rotation and the axis of symmetry of the wooden bar being machined.
  • the three gears are each mounted on a radial bearing 20 , each of which is locked against axial displacement by two Seeger rings 21 and 22 .
  • the inner ring of each bearing is screwed to the corresponding cylindrical axes 26 by means of three nuts 23, 24 and 25.
  • the cylindrical axes 26 are extended by three conical axes 27 , which in turn are screwed to the steel drive disc 11 by means of three nuts 28, 29 and 30.
  • the axis of symmetry of the cylindrical axes 26 is offset by three millimeters from the axis of symmetry of the conical axes 27 .
  • the plastic rolling deformation unit C produces cylindrical wooden bars 31 with crossed helical grooves, which result from the overlap of the left-inclined helical grooves, produced by the group of gears 17,18 and 19, of the rolling deformation unit B, with the right-inclined helical grooves, produced by a group of gears 32,33 and 34, of the rolling deformation unit C.
  • the conical axes 27 of the unit C are screwed to the back of the drive disk 38 with three nuts 35,36 and 37 , while the inner rings of the radial bearings 20 are tightened with other three nuts 39,40 and 41.
  • Unit C has an exchangeable guide body 42 with a truncated cone-shaped inlet in the front part for the sliding guide of the wooden rods 10 with helical grooves inclined to the left.
  • Unit C also has a steel housing 43 which is screwed to the hollow shaft 44 of an electric drive motor 45, rotating to the right.
  • the hollow shaft 44 is cylindrically - centrally bored over its entire length and has a threaded, exchangeable guide body 46 with a truncated cone-shaped inlet on the back.
  • the axis of symmetry of the three cylindrical axes 26 is also offset by three millimeters from the axis of symmetry of the three conical axes 27 in this rolling deformation unit.
  • the three gears of unit C have an inclination angle of 15° which is opposite to the inclination angle of 15° of the three gears of unit B.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Procédé de fabrication de tiges en bois pour pour des chevilles pour coller, dans lequel six engrenages, un vérin pneumatique, une électrovanne, un fin de course à rouleaux et deux pour produire des chevilles à coller de haute qualité, à la surface desquelles des rainures hélicoïdales, avec un petit pas, se croisant, pour la réalisation duquel un procédé de découpe de métal est utilisé et deux déformations de laminage plastique sont utilisées, dans lequel des barres de bois cylindriques (9) sont produites à partir de barres de bois (2) à section carrée sous alimentation continue, à partir desquelles sont ensuite créées, lors d'une première déformation plastique par laminage, des barres cylindriques (10) qui présentent sur la surface des rainures hélicoïdales, avec un petit pas, les rainures étant inclinées vers la gauche présentent, et lors d'une seconde déformation plastique par roulement ultérieure des barres de bois (10), des rainures hélicoïdales, avec un petit pas, avec les rainures inclinées vers la droite, il en résulte des barres de bois cylindriques (31) sur la surface desquelles il y a un réseau de rainures hélicoïdales croisées, le procédé est mis en œuvre, selon l'invention, avec trois unités montées en série, (A), (B) et (C).
  2. Procédé de fabrication de tiges en bois pour des chevilles pour coller, selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il présente un flux de travail dans l'ordre suivant : a) alimentation automatique, à partir de l'unité (A), d'un bâton de bois (2), de section carrée, à une fraise radiale (16), appartenant à l'unité (B) ; b) fraiser le bâton en bois (2) ayant une section carrée pour en faire un bâton en bois cylindrique (9); c) déformation par roulement de la surface de la barre cylindrique en bois (9), simultanément à l'assurance de son avance automatique, pour obtenir des barres en bois (10) présentant en surface des rainures hélicoïdales, à petit pas, dont l'inclinaison est vers la gauche; d) déformation plastique par roulage, dans l'unité (C), de la barre de bois (10), à rainures hélicoïdales, inclinée vers la gauche, avec trois autres engrenages, pour obtenir une barre de bois présentant en surface des rainures hélicoïdales dont l'inclinaison , à droite, ces dernières, qui présentent des rainures inclinées vers la gauche, se chevauchent, le résultat final est un bâton en bois cylindrique (31), pour la production de cheville pour coller, qui présente sur sa surface un réseau de rainures hélicoïdales croisées.
  3. Procédé de fabrication de tiges de bois pour des chevilles pour coller, selon la revendication 1 et la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que pour produire une tige de bois cylindrique (9), la tige de bois (2) à section carrée, à partir du amener la tige de bois (5) dans une fraise radiale (16) qui, après fraisage, crée à partir du bâton de bois (2) un bâton de bois cylindrique (9) avec une section carrée.
  4. Procédé de fabrication de tiges de bois pour des chevilles pour coller, selon la revendication 1, la revendication 2 et la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le bâton de bois cylindrique (9) est transformé par une première déformation plastique en un bâton de bois (10) avec un angle hélicoïdal incliné vers la gauche. Des rainures sont transformées, celles-ci pénètrent en outre dans le corps de guidage (15) de l'unité (C) où se produit une deuxième déformation plastique supplémentaire par roulement de la surface de la tige en bois (10), sous forme des rainures hélicoïdales inclinées vers la droite, n'ont lieu qu'en surface.
  5. Procédé de fabrication de tiges de bois pour des chevilles pour coller, selon la revendication, la revendication 3, et la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que les engrenages (17), (18), (19), (32), (33) et (34), utilisés pour la déformation plastique par roulage des barres de bois et pour leur alimentation longitudinale, sont en acier trempé, de forme cylindrique avec des dents parallèles et un petit module, d'un diamètre de 32 mm, d'un nombre de 60 dents, d'une largeur de 12 mm, présentent et génèrent des rainures hélicoïdales dont la profondeur de canal est comprise entre 0,5 et 0,7 mm, trois des engrenages mentionnés sont montés radialement selon un angle de 120°, les engrenages (17), (18) et (19) entre leur axe de rotation et l'axe de symétrie de la tige cylindrique en bois (9) ont une inclinaison de 15° vers la gauche, et les engrenages (23), (24) et (25), entre leur axe de rotation et l'axe de symétrie de la tige de bois (31), ont une inclinaison de 15° à droite.
EP20000206.1A 2020-06-02 2020-06-02 Procédé de fabrication de tiges en bois pour chevilles à coller Active EP3919246B1 (fr)

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EP20000206.1A EP3919246B1 (fr) 2020-06-02 2020-06-02 Procédé de fabrication de tiges en bois pour chevilles à coller

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EP20000206.1A EP3919246B1 (fr) 2020-06-02 2020-06-02 Procédé de fabrication de tiges en bois pour chevilles à coller

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EP3919246A1 EP3919246A1 (fr) 2021-12-08
EP3919246B1 true EP3919246B1 (fr) 2024-10-23

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CH288119A (de) * 1951-10-15 1953-01-15 Heid Hans Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von gerillten Rundstäben aus Holz.

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