EP3996488A2 - Ensemble de travail du sol - Google Patents

Ensemble de travail du sol

Info

Publication number
EP3996488A2
EP3996488A2 EP20740494.8A EP20740494A EP3996488A2 EP 3996488 A2 EP3996488 A2 EP 3996488A2 EP 20740494 A EP20740494 A EP 20740494A EP 3996488 A2 EP3996488 A2 EP 3996488A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
soil
loosening
soil cultivation
cultivation
arrangement
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP20740494.8A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Marian Ivanov DICHEVSKI
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP3996488A2 publication Critical patent/EP3996488A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
    • A01C5/06—Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
    • A01C5/062—Devices for making drills or furrows
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B49/00—Combined machines
    • A01B49/02—Combined machines with two or more soil-working tools of different kind
    • A01B49/022—Combined machines with two or more soil-working tools of different kind at least one tool being actively driven
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
    • A01C5/06—Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
    • A01C5/062—Devices for making drills or furrows
    • A01C5/064—Devices for making drills or furrows with rotating tools

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a soil cultivation arrangement, in particular a soil preparation arrangement, for agricultural cultivation of a soil, in particular a field and / or arable land, with a carrier device for attachment to an agricultural tractor, in particular a tractor or tractor and with one or more soil cultivation units for preparation and / or for generating a seed furrow, which tillage units as modular components of the tillage arrangement can be connected to the carrier device and / or to a sowing unit towable by an agricultural tractor and can be arranged along the carrier device in the desired sequence.
  • seed-to-soil contact in English also referred to as “seed-to-soil contact”.
  • seed-to-soil contact in English also referred to as “seed-to-soil contact”.
  • single seed or single grain deposit in which the seed is prepared single grain by grain after previous separation (e.g. by means of mechanical or pneumatic grain separation) If the seed furrow is laid, inadequate seed-soil contact can lead to a considerable reduction in the crop yield.
  • Special tillage devices for the non-plowing tillage in connection with the single sowing or single grain depositing are designed to open or loosen the soil as well as to chop up straw and harvest residues, in particular to cut them and to mix them effectively into the uppermost soil horizon.
  • Such soil cultivation devices are usually built up from a series of different, mostly disc-shaped, tool elements with different functions.
  • Various combinations of such tool elements are known from the prior art.
  • EP 0849426 B1 discloses a sowing unit with an arm which is attached to a tool carrier of a tractor at a front end area and for receiving various
  • the so-called furrow opener forms the essential part of the sowing unit, the individual disc that is inclined and spring-mounted to create a seed furrow in
  • a depth wheel is arranged near the leading side of the furrow opener. The depth wheel also serves to compress and stabilize the
  • Furrow wall The seed is then released into the opened furrow using a coulter.
  • the furrow opener is preceded by a furrow clearer (also known as "raw cleaner") to remove plant and crop residues from the area in front of the furrow opener.
  • the furrow clearer essentially consists of two disks that are positioned at an angle to each other, the circumference of which is provided with a tooth profile.
  • a closing wheel rolls on the surface of the soil, which loosens the soil in the area of the furrow wall to close the previously opened furrow and at the same time presses against the seed lying in the furrow.
  • the coulter Before the actual seed furrow is opened, the coulter should cut or cut the soil to a desired depth in order to loosen up the soil in this area and to separate any plant or root remains.
  • the coulter which is designed as a rotating disc, rolls along the surface of the floor or partially within the floor, the speed of rotation depending on the speed of movement of the towing vehicle.
  • the required penetration depth of the coulters previously determined by an agronomist, is determined based on the weight of the machine and the hardness of the soil. Due to the wavy disc surface, the effectively cut or slotted and loosened bottom area is wider than the actual disc thickness.
  • the coulter can be provided with a cutting edge formed on one or both sides along its circumference.
  • a tool arm for a multi-row planting unit which is pulled by a rural utility vehicle, a tractor or tractor in order to generate a plurality of rows of seeds arranged parallel to one another and to equip them with seeds.
  • the tool arm is equipped with various tool elements for preparing the soil, for generating the seed furrow, for spreading the seed and for closing the seed furrow.
  • so-called closing wheels (“closing wheels”) are shown, each formed from two, in particular toothed wheels made of rubber, plastic or iron, on the outer circumference of which projections pointing obliquely outward on both sides enlarge the running surface of the closing wheels.
  • closing wheels closing wheels
  • the locking wheel is designed as a pair of disks with two disks set at an angle to each other and each one-piece cast. Each disk comprises two rows of pyramidal projections on the outer circumference of the disk, one row pointing axially inward and the other row pointing radially outward.
  • a soil cultivation arrangement according to the invention of the type described in more detail at the beginning is characterized in that at least one Floor cultivation unit has a skid-like sliding device, the underside of which, facing the floor, sliding surface is designed to slide along a floor surface.
  • the soil cultivation units can be connected to a carrier device of the soil cultivation arrangement and can be flexibly arranged along the sowing section in the case of seed drills or on another carrier device, if required, in the desired sequence.
  • a connection with a sowing unit is also possible.
  • Tool arms known from the prior art or other devices that enable the soil cultivation units to be suspended or fastened are suitable as the carrier device.
  • the soil cultivation units are lined up along the carrier device in order to prepare the soil in the area of an individual seed furrow, to loosen it and finally to produce the seed furrow. Depending on the size of the field and / or to be processed
  • tillage arrangements can be attached parallel to one another on a tool carrier of an industrial or agricultural tractor, in particular a tractor or tractor, in order to prepare and / or produce a corresponding number of seed furrows.
  • a soil cultivation unit for cutting plant and / or root remains and for preparing the soil is initially arranged.
  • a further soil cultivation unit for preparing the seed furrow and for loosening the soil or soil in the area of the seed furrow to be generated.
  • a soil cultivation unit can be provided for generating the seed furrow and at the same time for loosening the soil in the area of the seed furrow wall.
  • At least one soil working unit comprises a sliding device.
  • the sliding device is provided with a sliding surface on the underside which is parallel to the ground surface and which is raised in the manner of a runner, a sledge or a ski in the pulling direction of the agricultural pulling direction, in order to enable the soil cultivation unit to slide along the soil surface.
  • the sliding device serves to reduce the friction between
  • Soil cultivation unit and soil surface as well as the determination and adjustment of the penetration depth, in particular the distance between the device, biomass and soil.
  • biomass located on the soil surface in particular plant or harvest residues, is held down and / or aligned flat to the soil surface, whereby the function of the
  • Soil cultivation elements is improved.
  • the soil cultivation arrangement can, if necessary, be equipped with one or more of the soil cultivation units.
  • the soil cultivation arrangement can, if necessary, be equipped with one or more of the soil cultivation units.
  • soil cultivation units which are arranged parallel to one another for generating several parallel seed furrows, soil cultivation units which are arranged parallel to one another and have an identical penetration depth and / or an identical diameter are preferably formed in the same position.
  • a suitable, modular arrangement of different soil cultivation units enables compaction the seed furrow, in particular in the area of the seed furrow wall, can be directly prevented before and / or during the seed furrow generation or the soil and / or soil loosening in the area of the seed furrow wall.
  • the arrangement according to the invention can additionally be supplemented by further tool elements known from the prior art, such as, for example, a device for depositing the seeds, a furrow clearer or one or more closing wheels, or can be used together with them.
  • the soil cultivation arrangement according to the invention is particularly well suited for producing seed furrows for individual seeds, but can also be used advantageously for producing seed furrows with different dimensions, in particular for producing seed furrows for smaller seeds, such as wheat, rape, barley, etc.
  • one or more soil cultivation elements therefore project over, in particular enforce, the sliding surface of the sliding device by a variably adjustable penetration or working depth.
  • the sliding device is preferably provided with a sliding surface on the underside which is oriented parallel to the floor surface and which projects over, in particular, is penetrated by the one or more floor treatment elements.
  • the sliding device can be designed with corresponding recesses.
  • the sliding device can thus be used for depth control, the penetration or working depth can be variably adjusted.
  • the soil cultivation elements are designed as disks which penetrate the soil and roll there
  • the speed and direction of rotation consequently depends on or corresponds to the speed of travel and the direction of pull or the direction of forward travel of the agricultural tractor.
  • the supporting disks, as well as wheels, are used to support the
  • Soil cultivation arrangement on the ground realized. According to the invention, the latter is taken over by the sliding device, whereby according to a variant of the invention it is conceivable that the one or more soil cultivation elements independently of the travel speed and
  • Pulling direction or forward direction of travel of the agricultural tractor are driven by an actuator.
  • the drive of such an active soil cultivation element or coulters can, for example, be electric, hydraulic, pneumatic or with other types of auxiliary gears, but always independent of the driving speed and
  • Direction of movement of the tractor For example, it is conceivable, in order to increase the working accuracy, to implement the stability and guidance of the sliding device or also of an active soil cultivation element or coulters by the so-called parallelogram sowing section. Mounting the sliding device on the parallelogram sowing section also enables the movements of the active soil cultivation elements or the active coulter generated by the drive to be synchronized with the sowing discs.
  • the direction of movement in the case of soil cultivation elements designed as discs, the direction of rotation, and the speed of movement can be variably adapted in advance or even during operation to the prevailing soil conditions, such as plant and root residues, in order to optimize soil preparation, in particular soil loosening and / or optimized cutting of To enable biomass, in particular plant and root remains.
  • Active cutting of the biomass ensures that plant and root residues do not get into the seed furrow to be prepared, accumulate there in front of subsequent tillage elements or tillage units and clog them and / or collect below the sowing discs and the Reduce seed-soil contact of the seed applied or lead to the "hair-pinnig" effect.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that at least one soil cultivation element is designed as a pre-cutter and / or soil loosening unit and interacts with the sliding device for cutting biomass, in particular plants and root remains.
  • the variant of the invention described above is designed as a pre-cutter with a single rotatably mounted soil cultivation disc, in particular a knife disc, the soil cultivation disc for cutting plant and root remains and for preparing the seed furrow to be generated along its outer circumferential or running surface with a radially extending cutting and / or tooth profile is provided.
  • the sliding device sliding on the soil surface fulfills the additional purpose of holding down biomass located there, in particular plant or harvest residues, and / or aligning it flat to the soil surface, which facilitates shearing off by means of the soil cultivation disc designed as a cutting disc. At the same time, it prevents the rotating knife disc from pulling out any remains of plants or roots in the soil, i.e. below the soil surface.
  • the rotatably mounted soil cultivating disc of the precutter is actuated independently of the travel speed and counter to the pulling direction or forward travel direction of the agricultural tractor.
  • An actuator-driven rotary movement of the soil cultivation disc that is opposite to the forward direction of travel enables particularly effective cutting of biomass.
  • the soil cultivation disc With its cutting and / or sawtooth profile, the soil cultivation disc, in particular penetrating the soil, detects biomass located therein, in particular plant and root residues, while at the same time biomass located above the soil is held down by the sliding device.
  • the soil cultivation disc does not necessarily penetrate completely into the soil without interruption; it is also conceivable that the soil cultivation disc, at least partially, above the soil.
  • the actual cutting or shearing process takes place on the lower edges of the sliding device facing the soil on which the Biomass carried along by the tillage disc, in particular plant and root residues, are retained.
  • the cutting and / or sawtooth profile of the soil cultivation disc and the lower edges of the sliding device work together in the manner of scissors for cutting and / or shearing the biomass.
  • the sliding device preferably has a slot-like recess through which the soil working disc passes, and the edges of the slot-like recess are then sheared off accordingly.
  • the biomass Due to the upward rotary movement of the soil cultivation disc that carries the biomass with it, which is also referred to as the active coulter, the biomass is transported laterally out of the area in which the seed furrow is generated with subsequent soil cultivation elements, in particular furrow openers or sowing discs, so that it is then free of Is biomass.
  • At least one soil cultivation element is designed as a soil loosening unit and / or pre-cutter with one or more knives, which are used for cutting biomass, in particular plant and root residues, for loosening the soil and for preparing the seed furrow to be generated, translationally, especially transversely to the pulling direction or the forward direction of travel of the agricultural tractor, are movable.
  • Both the tillage elements designed in the manner of tillage disks described so far, as well as the tillage element designed with one or more knives, can be equipped with a own drive unit or be driven externally.
  • the drive unit is preferably designed as an electrically, pneumatically, mechanically or hydraulically driven rotary actuator or linear actuator to rotate a respective soil cultivation disc in or against the pulling direction or the one or more knives transversely to the pulling direction or forward travel direction of the scenic tractor, in particular vertically to the ground or enclosing another angle with the ground, to move in an oscillating manner.
  • the carrier device of the soil cultivation arrangement can have a holder or fastening option for a corresponding linear actuator or the linear actuator is correspondingly fastened to a sowing unit.
  • the speed and direction of rotation of the actuator-driven rotary movement of the one or more soil cultivation disks can be adjusted as required, independently of the travel speed and travel direction of the agricultural tractor.
  • the sliding device together with the drive unit for example, the setting of the desired speed and the direction of rotation of the actuator-driven rotary movement or other movement can be made easier and more precise by reducing or even completely eliminating the rolling effect on the floor.
  • the one or more knives move at high speed.
  • the one or more knives are connected to the linear actuator in a manner known from the prior art and are mounted to be linearly movable.
  • the bearing is preferably designed with play along the pulling direction and / or along the direction of movement of the knives that is transverse to this, in particular a preferably right angle with the ground, or the knives are spring-loaded to compensate for stones or other inhomogeneities in the ground to be able to.
  • the soil loosening unit formed with one or more knives interacts with the sliding device in the manner described above, wherein, according to an advantageous development, the one or more knives of the Soil loosening unit are arranged to penetrate an, in particular slot-like, recess of the sliding device and each knife is preferably assigned a respective, in particular slot-like, recess within the sliding device.
  • the biomass carried along in the upward movement of the one or more knives is retained by the sliding device and is cut and / or sheared off and / or chopped off at its edges or the edges of the slot-like recess.
  • the sliding device is intended to hold down plant residues, to improve and ensure the shearing performance and / or cutting performance and to prevent or minimize that root or plant residues are pulled out of the ground during the upward movement of the one or more knives.
  • At least one soil cultivation unit can be designed as a soil loosening unit with a revolving chain, which is actuated to cut plant and root residues, to loosen the soil and to prepare the seed furrow to be generated in the manner of a chainsaw and with a Sawtooth profile is formed.
  • At least one soil cultivation element is designed as a soil loosening unit with a soil loosening wing that engages in the soil starting from the sliding surface of the sliding device.
  • the soil loosening wing is a blade-like metal sheet which has a particularly fin-like shape, e.g. B. has comparable to the first dorsal fin of a shark.
  • the soil loosening wing is arranged to pass, in particular penetrate, the sliding device and can be locked in different positions and / or positions on the sliding device for the variable setting of a desired working or penetration depth.
  • the penetration depth of the soil loosening wing can be adapted to the prevailing conditions in a simple and uncomplicated manner, if necessary.
  • the desired depth of penetration is specified by the farmer according to his knowledge and skills based on the nature of the soil, the prevailing climatic conditions, the seeds to be sown, etc.
  • the penetration depth to be selected is preferably based on the depth of the soil up to which this has a moisture content necessary for the germination of the seeds. To achieve particularly good soil loosening, also in the area of
  • the side surfaces of the soil loosening wing facing the respective seed furrow wall are provided with loosening pins and / or, in particular shovel or wing-like, loosening elements, which loosening pins and / or loosening elements are arranged to loosen the soil in the area of the respective seed furrow wall.
  • the part of the soil loosening wing arranged below the sliding device protrudes into the soil at the desired working or penetration depth, with the , in particular on both sides, arranged loosening pins and / or loosening elements are each moved horizontally along the seed furrow walls.
  • a soil traversed by fine cracks or finely scratched can be produced in the area of the seed furrow walls, thereby countering the known problem of compaction of the soil, in particular the side walls of the seed furrow.
  • the in particular conical or cylindrical loosening pins and / or, for example, in the form of wings, spikes, blades or rails, can be designed in parallel or at an angle be aligned with each other and optionally be arranged on one or both sides of the soil loosening wing.
  • the soil loosening wing can have a pipe or a hose running perpendicular to the sliding device, which can be used to supply the soil with liquid nutrients and / or liquid fertilizers.
  • the working or penetration depth of the loosening wing should be below the seed placement depth.
  • a manufacturing method has the following steps:
  • Soil cultivation element the circumferential shape of the receiving recesses produced corresponding to the circumferential shape of the loosening pins and / or loosening elements provided, and then
  • the soil cultivation element and the loosening pins and / or loosening elements are each provided as individual, separate components.
  • the soil working element can, for example, be a cast steel or iron part with a very high Rockwell hardness in a range of over 60 HR. The service life can be reduced due to the high hardness
  • the provided loosening pins and / or loosening elements can be made of a similar technical material with approximately the same or less hardness be made and are in particular cylindrical or conical.
  • the hard metal tungsten carbide has proven to be a particularly advantageous technical material.
  • the soil working element is first provided with receiving recesses, in particular in the form of a blind hole, on one or both side surfaces. Due to the high hardness of the material of the soil cultivation element, the receiving recesses are preferably formed by means of a so-called electro-erosion drilling process (EDM process). Alternatively, the receiving recesses can also be designed in the form of openings that completely penetrate the soil cultivation element.
  • EDM process electro-erosion drilling process
  • the receiving recesses and the loosening pins and / or loosening elements are designed with the same circumferential shape and preferably with an identical cross section, so that the loosening pins and / or loosening elements can be pressed and / or hammered into the receiving recesses. If the receiving recesses are continuous, d. H. are designed to completely penetrate the soil cultivation element, the loosening pins and / or loosening elements can additionally be welded to the soil cultivation element by setting an argon welding point or, depending on the material, soldered if necessary.
  • the loosening pins and / or loosening elements can be joined by means of a so-called high-temperature soldering process using silver, bronze, brass, or copper solder and a corresponding flux, which are particularly suitable for high-temperature soldering processes in connection with hard metals, in particular tungsten carbide.
  • the manufacture of the loosening pins and / or loosening elements by build-up welding (laser cladding) or 3D laser printing is also conceivable.
  • the previously described soil cultivation units can each be connected in a modular manner and in the desired sequence to a soil cultivation arrangement according to the invention.
  • Soil cultivation units are each, as known from the prior art, sprung or via corresponding arms with the carrier device of the Floor cultivation arrangement connected and movably mounted, for example to compensate for stones or other uneven floors.
  • the carrier device of the Floor cultivation arrangement connected and movably mounted, for example to compensate for stones or other uneven floors.
  • continuous contact of the respective running or sliding surfaces with the floor can also be ensured in a manner known from the prior art by setting a pre-tension.
  • All tillage units or their tillage elements can be used for the types of tillage arrangements known from the prior art with and without anchors, shafts or tines, which are used in particular to carry out a non-plowing (no- till), minimally plowing (minimum-till), row-wise plowing (strip-till) or vertical (vertical-till) tillage etc., in which the upper or deeper soil layers are loosened and opened, are suitable.
  • the suspension of the tillage elements, in particular the active coulters is adapted to seeders for wide or row sowing as well as to other types of tillage arrangements.
  • Other types of tillage arrangements are, for example, tillage machines for strip-like, vertical plowing (strip-till, vertical-till).
  • an active precutter in particular active Coulter
  • the cutting takes place in the upward direction or away from the ground, in the direction of the sky, whereby hardly any pressure is required.
  • clean, biomass-free soil cultivation is made possible by the non-driven, stationary soil cultivation elements subsequently attached to the carrier device, in particular soil loosening units or through the soil loosening wing.
  • these can also be attached to the carrier device in a vibrating manner, indirectly by a suspension mechanism, leaf-sprung, spring-loaded, by airbag, nitrogen dampers or another type of suspension known from the prior art.
  • the soil loosening elements known from the prior art are mostly referred to as looseners or "shanks", regardless of whether they are placed on no-till or on tillage machines (strip-like, vertical, minimal plowing), and only result in extremely coarse loosening of the soil .
  • looseners or "shanks” regardless of whether they are placed on no-till or on tillage machines (strip-like, vertical, minimal plowing), and only result in extremely coarse loosening of the soil .
  • it does conventional coulter does not always succeed in cutting through the biomass for the subsequent shanks, so that it clogs.
  • a conventional coulter does not penetrate sufficiently into the soil, the biomass remains impervious and begins to clog the elements arranged below.
  • spring tines which are only equipped with spring tines, which have no cutting coulter or which does not cut through the biomass, thereby clogging the tines (spring tines).
  • the respective tillage units are also suitable for retrofitting tillage arrangements and / or sowing units known from the prior art.
  • the object set at the beginning is therefore also achieved by a soil cultivation unit for connection to a carrier device of a soil cultivation arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, with one or more soil cultivation elements for loosening the soil and / or for cutting biomass, in particular plant and / or root residues.
  • the soil cultivation unit has a skid-like sliding device for limiting a working or penetration depth of the one or more soil cultivation elements into the ground, a sliding surface of the sliding device on the underside facing the ground being designed to slide along a soil surface.
  • the soil cultivation unit has at least one soil cultivation element designed as a pre-cutter and one soil cultivation element designed as a soil loosening unit, with the soil cultivation element designed as a precutter and the soil cultivation element each projecting over the sliding surface of a common sliding device by a variably adjustable working or penetration depth, in particular penetrating .
  • the pre-cutter in particular an active coulter, preferably runs ahead of the soil loosening unit.
  • the soil loosening unit is followed by one or two seeding disks whose respective side surfaces facing a seed furrow wall can be provided with the loosening pins and / or loosening elements described above.
  • the precutter running foremost for example designed as a rotating knife disc, can also be provided with loosening pins and / or loosening elements if necessary.
  • the loosening pins and / or loosening elements attached to the rotating soil loosening unit or sowing disc move along epicycloidal paths through the soil of the respectively adjacent seed furrow walls.
  • loosening pins and / or loosening elements arranged on a non-rotating soil loosening unit, in particular a soil loosening wing which run through the soil of the adjacent seed furrow walls along horizontal paths, the result is a soil that is completely loosened in the area of the seed furrow walls, with fine furrows that intersect each other run through different angles, is interspersed. The problem of furrow wall compaction and the associated loss of harvest can thus be completely countered.
  • the pre-cutter in particular a rotating knife disc
  • the soil loosening unit in particular a soil loosening wing
  • An actively driven precutter in particular an active coulter, together with a sliding device, is also referred to below as a residue-safe cutting system (residue-sure-cut system).
  • this cutting system should be mandatory in order to ensure a surface that is clean of biomass and the trouble-free operation of subsequent elements.
  • the first element of the residue-free cutting system can be a furrow clearer to make the active coulter's work easier and to reduce the biomass in front of him, in front of the seed drill or another tillage system.
  • Residue - Sure - Cut - System Another particularly advantageous component of the residue-free cutting system is the possibility of not only using it for soil preparation with seed drills, but also in an absolutely individual, independent manner in other soil tillage machines for minimal strip and vertical plowing and in normal plowing, which have differently oriented and penetrating working bodies. These working elements usually do not rotate, they are not discs, but looseners or spring tines. They can be spring-loaded with a nitrogen shock absorber, an air cushion or otherwise directly attached to the frame of the tillage machine or to the towing frame. Under normal conditions they would be constantly clogged and hindered by the uncut biomass in front of them.
  • the residue-proof cutting system (Residue-Sure-Cut-System) does not require a large weight of the inventory so that the biomass can be cut. Even if the disc barely penetrates the soil, the biomass is cut perfectly.
  • Soil cultivation arrangement with three successively arranged soil cultivation units, each designed as soil cultivation discs,
  • 1 b shows a schematic sectional illustration of a seed furrow to be produced in a front view
  • FIG. 1 c shows the soil cultivation arrangement from FIG. 1 a in a schematic side view
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic perspective illustration of a first exemplary embodiment of a soil cultivation unit according to the invention, comprising a soil loosening unit with three knives, together with a schematic sectional illustration of a seed furrow to be produced,
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic perspective illustration of a further exemplary embodiment of a soil cultivation arrangement according to the invention with a rotating saw chain and together with a furrow opener or a sowing disc,
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic perspective illustration of a second exemplary embodiment of an inventive
  • Soil cultivation unit with a pre-cutter with a rotatably mounted knife disc and a sliding device Soil cultivation unit with a pre-cutter with a rotatably mounted knife disc and a sliding device
  • FIG. 5a shows a third exemplary embodiment of a soil cultivation unit according to the invention with a precutter and a soil loosening wing in a side view, according to FIG Fig. 5b in a perspective view and according to
  • 5c shows a detailed view of the soil loosening wing
  • FIG. 6a shows a fourth exemplary embodiment of a soil cultivation unit according to the invention with a precutter and a soil loosening wing in a side view and according to FIG.
  • FIG. 7a shows a fifth exemplary embodiment of a soil cultivation unit according to the invention with a pre-cutter and a soil loosening wing in a side view and, according to FIG. 7b, a detailed view of the soil loosening wing
  • FIG. 8 shows a schematic side view of a further exemplary one
  • FIG. 9 shows two schematic perspective views of an exemplary embodiment of a soil loosening unit according to the invention with two milling heads arranged next to one another and in parallel,
  • FIG. 11 Three schematic perspective views of an exemplary one
  • FIG. 1 a shows a first exemplary embodiment of a soil cultivation arrangement 100 according to the invention
  • Soil working arrangement 100 has three soil working units 200, which are modularly connected to a carrier device, not shown here, of soil working arrangement 100 in a manner known from the prior art.
  • the carrier device of the soil cultivation arrangement 100 is designed for connection to a tool carrier of an agricultural tractor, also not shown here, in particular a tractor or tractor.
  • the soil cultivation units 200 are in turn arranged one after the other along a pulling direction or forward travel direction Z of the agricultural tractor.
  • the soil working unit 200 arranged foremost in the pulling direction Z has a soil working element 210 in the form of a precutter 201 and a sliding device 400.
  • the precutter 201 is followed by a tillage unit 200 designed as a soil loosening unit 202.
  • the pre-cutter 201 and the soil loosening unit 202 are each designed as a single soil cultivation disc.
  • a soil cultivation unit 200 in the form of a furrow opener or sowing disc 203 follows the soil loosening unit 202.
  • the furrow opener or the sowing disc 203 comprises two soil cultivation discs arranged opposite one another.
  • the soil cultivation disks of the soil cultivation units 200 each have two lateral circular surfaces 220 and a circumferential or running surface 230 and are mounted rotatably about their respective axis of rotation 223.
  • a schematic sectional illustration of a conventional, exemplary seed furrow 530, which can be prepared and produced with the soil cultivation arrangement 100, can be seen in FIG. 1b.
  • the seed furrow 530 is formed with an approximately V-shaped cross-sectional area within the soil 500, more precisely in the uppermost soil horizon 520, and comprises two sloping seed furrow walls 531.
  • the seed furrow depth a is the distance from the soil surface 510 to the deepest point of the seed furrow 530, also known as the furrow base.
  • the seed furrow width b is usually measured in the area of the soil surface 510 and is the distance between the two Seed furrow walls 531 defined to one another in this area.
  • the seed furrow width b is usually in a range between 3.75 cm to 4 cm and the seed furrow depth a in a range between 3 cm to 10 cm.
  • the soil cultivation arrangement 100 according to FIG.
  • the pre-cutter 201 and the soil loosening unit 202 are each provided for preparing the seed furrow 530 and for loosening the soil in the uppermost soil horizon 520, along a cross-sectional area within which the seed furrow 530 is to be created.
  • the actual seed furrow 530 is opened or pulled by means of the following furrow puller or sowing discs 203.
  • FIG. 1 c the soil cultivation arrangement 100 from FIG. 1 a is shown in a schematic side view.
  • the floor 500 and its floor surface 510 are also indicated schematically.
  • the tillage units 200 each having one or two tillage discs, the soil loosening unit 202 and the furrow opener or the sowing disc 203, roll along the soil 500 or on its surface 510 and penetrate into the soil 500, preferably by the same working or penetration depth x, which also roughly corresponds to the seed furrow depth a.
  • the pre-cutter 201 and / or the soil loosening unit 202 can penetrate deeper into the soil 500, ie have a greater working or penetration depth x than the furrow opener 203, which also causes the soil in the area below the seed furrow 530 can be loosened.
  • the working or penetration depth x or seed furrow depth a can be adjusted to the desired amount as required depending on the optimal planting depth of the seed.
  • the precutter 201 has, as an example in FIG. 1 c, a sliding device 400, the sliding surface 410 of which slides along the bottom surface 510 on the underside.
  • a sliding device 400 By displacing the soil working disc and the sliding device 400 of the precutter 201 relative to one another, the distance by which the soil working disc protrudes beyond the sliding surface 410 on the underside, in particular penetrates, and thus their working or penetration depth x can be determined.
  • the sliding device 400 consequently fulfills the function of the devices known from the prior art and optionally also applicable to the invention for setting the working or penetration depth x, such as depth wheels or so-called “chicken feet” and is mounted in a similar manner on a
  • the sliding device 400 also supports the soil cultivation unit 200 on the ground 500, which enables the soil cultivation disc of the precutter 201 to be actively driven in the illustrated direction of rotation R, against the direction of pull Z.
  • the soil cultivation unit 200 can be provided with an electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic and / or with another transmission equipped drive or actuator known from the prior art.
  • FIG. 2 A schematic perspective illustration of a first exemplary embodiment of a soil cultivation unit 200 according to the invention with a soil cultivation element 210 designed as a soil loosening unit 202 can be seen in FIG. 2, together with a schematic section of a seed furrow 530 to be generated.
  • the embodiment of the soil loosening unit 202 shown here is designed with a total of three knives 310, which are provided with a saw profile 311 in the pulling direction Z and can be moved up and down linearly in translation along a cutting direction S running orthogonally to the pulling direction Z.
  • the soil loosening unit 202 also has a sliding device 400, the underside sliding surface 410 of which is provided for sliding on the soil surface 510.
  • a front section 420 of the sliding device 400 in the pulling direction Z is raised in the manner of a runner with respect to the ground surface 510 in order to facilitate sliding even on uneven ground.
  • Three slot-like recesses 430 of the sliding device 400 are each penetrated by one of the knives 310 and at the same time function as a kind of guide in the cutting direction S.
  • the sliding device 400 By means of the sliding device 400, the working or penetration depth x of the knives 310 can be varied can be set.
  • the sliding device 400 prevents plants or root residues from being pulled out of the soil 500 by an upward movement of the knives 310 and holds them back under itself.
  • the actual cutting process takes place on the lower edges of the slot-like recesses 430 facing the base 500, the knives 310 and the sliding device 400 interacting like scissors.
  • the set working or penetration depth x preferably corresponds to the seed furrow depth a, and the distance between the two outer knives 310 corresponds to the seed furrow width b of the seed furrow 530 to be generated.
  • Soil loosening unit 202 the soil 500 is loosened transversely to the pulling direction Z along a rectangular cross-sectional area, which protrudes over the V-shaped cross-sectional area of the seed furrow 530, in particular in the area of the seed furrow walls 531, effectively avoiding soil compaction here.
  • the knives 310 can be driven electrically, hydraulically, pneumatically or mechanically via a conventional linear actuator and are mounted, preferably spring-loaded and / or with play, so that they can move up and down along the cutting direction S.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic perspective illustration of a further exemplary embodiment of a soil cultivation arrangement 100 with two soil cultivation units 200.
  • the tillage arrangement 100 has the tillage unit 200 designed as a furrow opener or as a seeding disc 203 and a preceding tillage unit 200 with a tillage element 210 designed as a tillage unit 202, which is constructed with a revolving tillage chain 320.
  • the soil loosening chain 320 of the soil loosening unit 202 is preferably driven electrically, hydraulically, pneumatically or mechanically via an actuator which is attached to the carrier device of the soil cultivation arrangement 100 and can, if necessary, "forwards" in the rolling direction of the soil cultivation discs of the furrow opener 203 or "backwards” the unrolling direction in the direction of rotation R indicated schematically.
  • the soil loosening chain 320 is preferably, at least in sections, with a sawtooth profile, not shown here provided, the teeth of which extend straight or obliquely, in particular radially, outward, in the direction of the bottom 500.
  • the soil loosening unit 202 having the soil loosening chain 320 has a sliding device 400 according to FIGS. 1 a, c which is hidden here for setting the working or penetration depth x.
  • the soil loosening chain can be preceded by a pre-cutter, in particular an active coulter, to avoid clogging with plant and root residues.
  • a soil cultivation element 210 embodied as a precutter 201, of a second exemplary soil cultivation unit 200 for a soil cultivation arrangement 100 can be taken from FIG. 4, for example, in a schematic perspective illustration.
  • the pre-cutter 201 comprises a single soil cultivation element 210, which is mounted rotatably about its axis of rotation 223 and is aligned parallel to the pulling direction Z, which here as a circular saw-like knife disc for cutting plant and root residues, rotating against the pulling direction Z or cutting actuators with a variably adjustable speed of rotation, as well as for preparing the seed furrow 530 to be produced.
  • the soil working element 210 is provided with a tooth profile 232 pointing radially outward.
  • the pre-cutter 201 is therefore additionally designed with a sliding device 400, the front section 420 of which is raised in a runner-like manner relative to the ground surface 510.
  • a centrally arranged and elongated slot-like recess 430 of the sliding device 400 is penetrated by the soil working disc.
  • the soil cultivation unit 200 is moved along the pulling direction Z, the sliding device 400 sliding with its sliding surface 410 on the underside along the soil surface 510 and holding down any plant residues or pressing between them and the soil 500 for guaranteed cutting. At the same time, the sliding device 400 prevents any root residues located in the soil 500 are pulled out of the soil 500 by the rotating soil cultivation disc 210. In addition, the sliding device 400 is used to set the working or penetration depth x of the precutter 201.
  • FIG. 5a to 5c show a third exemplary embodiment of a soil cultivation unit 200 according to the invention with a soil cultivation element 210 designed as a precutter 201 and a soil cultivation element 210 designed as a soil loosening unit 202 as well as the soil loosening unit 202 penetrate a common sliding device 400 which slides with its underside sliding surface 410 along the soil 500 or on the soil surface 510.
  • the sliding device 400 cooperates with the precutter 201.
  • Biomass to be cut, in particular plant and root residues is retained by the sliding surface 410 of the sliding device 400.
  • the cut is made at the edges of the recess 430 of the sliding device 400.
  • the precutter 201 essentially corresponds to the previously described embodiments and is therefore not described again in detail.
  • the soil cultivation element 210 which is designed as a soil loosening unit 202, follows the precutter 201 and comprises a soil loosening wing 350 which, starting from the sliding surface 410 of the sliding device 400 on the underside, extends towards the soil 500.
  • the working or penetration depth x of the soil loosening wing 350 is determined by the sliding device 400.
  • an upper section 351 of the soil loosening unit 202 adjoining the soil loosening wing 350 penetrates a correspondingly designed recess 430 and can be attached to the sliding device in specific, predetermined positions and / or positions, for example by means of screws or similar fastening means.
  • the upper section 351 has a number of bores or other recesses that are spaced apart from one another.
  • the side surfaces 351 facing the respectively adjacent seed furrow walls 531 are provided with loosening pins and / or loosening elements 300 which extend in the direction of the seed furrow walls 531.
  • the loosening pins and / or loosening elements 300 are each conical here and move during operation, ie when the soil cultivation unit 200 is pulled along the pulling direction Z, along a horizontal path through the soil located in the region of the seed furrow walls 531, as a result of which the soil 500 is loosened.
  • the leading precutter 201 which, in cooperation with the sliding device, enables particularly effective cutting of the biomass, accumulations of biomass or jams or blockages on the trailing soil loosening unit 202 comprising the soil loosening wing 350 are avoided.
  • the fourth exemplary embodiment of a soil cultivation unit 200 according to the invention according to FIGS. 6a and 6b differs from the third embodiment just described only in the design of the soil loosening unit 202 or the soil loosening wing 350, which is why only this one is described in more detail below.
  • the loosening pins and / or loosening elements 300 provided on the side surfaces 351 of the soil working wing 350 are designed with a wedge-like geometry and are aligned parallel to one another along the soil working wing 350.
  • the fifth exemplary embodiment of a soil cultivation unit 200 according to the invention according to FIGS. 7a and 7b also corresponds to the fourth embodiment described above and differs only in terms of a biostimulant, biological product, plant protection agent against insects, pests and diseases, as well as nutrient and / or fertilizer supply 352, which extends along a rear edge of both the upper section 151 and the tillage wing 350 and is used for supplying liquid nutrients and / or liquid fertilizers into the seed furrow 530.
  • the working or penetration depth x of the tillage wing 350 expediently exceeds the placement depth of the seed.
  • the soil cultivation arrangement 100 comprises three soil cultivation units 200, which are designed as a pre-cutter 201, a soil loosening unit 202 and a furrow opener 203.
  • the Pre-cutter 201 has a single tillage disc 210 and a sliding device 400.
  • the soil loosening unit 202 is arranged following the precutter 201 and likewise comprises a sliding device 400, which, however, is penetrated by three knives 310 that can move up and down transversely to the pulling direction Z.
  • the furrow opener or the sowing disc 203 is arranged with two soil cultivation discs 210 each oriented at an angle to the pulling direction Z, terminating in the pulling direction Z or following the soil loosening unit 202.
  • plant and root residues can first be cut above and below ground by means of the pre-cutter 201, with an incision in the soil 500 that precedes the seed furrow 530 being produced .
  • the soil loosening unit 202 which is provided with three knives 310, the soil 500 is then loosened in the area of the seed furrow 530 to be produced, in this embodiment the rectangular cross-sectional area of the
  • Soil loosening unit loosened soil 500 the V-shaped
  • Seed furrow walls 531 protruded.
  • the soil is loosened extensively around the seed furrow 530 to be produced, so that compaction of the soil 500 in the region of the seed furrow walls 531 is effectively prevented.
  • a soil loosening unit 202 having a soil cultivation wing 350 can optionally also be provided at this position.
  • the actual seed furrow 530 is drawn by the furrow opener or the sowing disc 203, the surrounding soil being displaced laterally in the manner of a plow by the inclined tillage discs 210.
  • the soil cultivation discs 210 are each provided with the loosening pins 300 on their outer circular surface 221, which during the generation of the seed furrow 530 along a respective cycloid, in particular an epicycloid path through the soil adjacent seed furrow walls 531 are drawn and loosen them up.
  • a special synergetic effect for loosening the soil can be achieved through the interaction with a soil loosening unit 202 (see Fig. 5-7) which precedes the furrow ornament 203 and has a soil loosening wing 350.
  • the loosening pins and / or loosening elements 300 of the soil loosening wing 350 move along respective horizontal paths through the soil, the subsequent loosening pins and / or loosening elements 300 of the furrow opener or the sowing disc 203, which move along epicycloid paths, cross the previously generated horizontal paths multiple times and at different angles, whereby maximum loosening of the soil in the area of the seed furrow walls 531 is achieved.
  • FIG. 200 Two schematic perspective views of an exemplary embodiment of a soil cultivation unit 200 according to the invention with a
  • Soil loosening unit 202 comprising two in pulling direction or
  • milling heads 340 arranged next to one another with axes of rotation 341 aligned parallel to one another can be seen in FIG.
  • more than two milling heads 340 can also be arranged next to one another.
  • the soil cultivation unit shown in FIG. 9 is provided with a sliding device 400 which is designed with one or more recesses 430 through which the milling heads 340 pass.
  • the sliding device 400 can also be dispensed with.
  • FIG. 10 shows two schematic perspective views of a further exemplary embodiment of an inventive
  • Soil cultivation unit 200 can be removed with a soil loosening unit 202 with a single milling head 340.
  • the milling head 340 or its axis of rotation 341 is arranged here centrally within an optional sliding device 400 and penetrating a recess 430 provided therein.
  • two or more milling heads 340 can also be arranged one behind the other or in series with respect to the pulling direction or forward travel direction Z.
  • 340 expediently has the smallest and the rearmost milling head 340 has the largest diameter.
  • the respective milling heads 340 of the previously described embodiments according to FIGS. 9, 10 and 11 are driven by one or more drive units, not shown here, which are preferably designed as an electrically, pneumatically, mechanically or hydraulically driven rotary actuator.
  • the milling heads 340 can be rotated at the desired speed in the same or opposite direction of rotation about their respective axis of rotation 341.
  • the chosen arrangement of the milling heads 340 i. H. a single milling head 340, two or more milling heads 340 next to one another and / or two or more milling heads 340 one behind the other can, if necessary, be adapted to the existing soil conditions.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)
  • Sowing (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un ensemble de travail du sol (100), en particulier un ensemble de préparation du sol, pour le travail agricole d'un sol (500), en particulier d'une surface de champ et/ou d'une surface cultivée. L'ensemble de travail du sol comprend un dispositif de support destiné à être accroché sur une machine de traction agricole et une ou plusieurs unités de travail du sol (200, 201, 202, 203) pour la préparation et/ou pour la production d'un sillon à semences (530), lesquelles unités de travail du sol (200, 201, 202, 203) peuvent être reliées si besoin en tant qu'éléments constitutifs modulaires de l'ensemble de travail du sol (100) au dispositif de support et peuvent être disposées le long du dispositif de support dans un ordre souhaité. Au moins une unité de travail du sol (200) comporte un dispositif de glissement (400) configuré à la manière d'un patin, dont la surface de glissement (410) tournée vers le sol (500) est réalisée pour glisser le long d'une surface au sol (510).
EP20740494.8A 2019-07-08 2020-07-07 Ensemble de travail du sol Withdrawn EP3996488A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2019/068252 WO2021004616A1 (fr) 2019-07-08 2019-07-08 Dispositif de travail du sol pour la génération d'un sillon à graines
PCT/EP2020/069117 WO2021005055A2 (fr) 2019-07-08 2020-07-07 Ensemble de travail du sol

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EP3996488A2 true EP3996488A2 (fr) 2022-05-18

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EP19739192.3A Withdrawn EP3996487A1 (fr) 2019-07-08 2019-07-08 Dispositif de travail du sol pour la génération d'un sillon à graines
EP20740494.8A Withdrawn EP3996488A2 (fr) 2019-07-08 2020-07-07 Ensemble de travail du sol

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EP19739192.3A Withdrawn EP3996487A1 (fr) 2019-07-08 2019-07-08 Dispositif de travail du sol pour la génération d'un sillon à graines

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WO (2) WO2021004616A1 (fr)

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CN112956314B (zh) * 2021-02-02 2022-02-08 鄂尔多斯生态环境职业学院 一种用于农田土壤改良的自动施肥装置

Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1500319A1 (fr) * 2003-07-21 2005-01-26 Otto. Ing Winterleitner Dispositif pour ameublissement doux du sol cultivé

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DE2929622C2 (de) * 1979-07-21 1982-09-09 Amazonen-Werke H. Dreyer Gmbh & Co Kg, 4507 Hasbergen Drillmaschine mit Scheibenscharen
DE3336455C2 (de) * 1983-10-06 1986-11-27 Wolf-Geräte GmbH, 5240 Betzdorf Vorrichtung zur Herstellung parallelwandiger Rillen in Grünland und Rasenflächen
DE69615872T2 (de) 1996-12-17 2002-04-11 Tubauto S.A., Sens Schwingtor mit Zusatztür und Zweipunktverriegelung
DE19818063A1 (de) * 1997-11-05 1999-10-28 Amazonen Werke Dreyer H Scheibensäschar
US7992651B2 (en) * 2010-01-04 2011-08-09 Bruce Douglas G Wavy disc and coulter with notches
US9693497B2 (en) * 2013-03-14 2017-07-04 Schaffert Manufacturing Company, Inc. Mounting bracket for agricultural row unit
US20160050837A1 (en) 2014-08-25 2016-02-25 Schaffert Manufacturing Company, Inc. Trailing arm device and assembly with parallel linkage
US12029168B2 (en) * 2014-12-02 2024-07-09 Mchale Engineering Bale severance mechanism for a continuous round baler
DE102017102671A1 (de) * 2017-02-10 2018-08-16 Amazonen-Werke H. Dreyer Gmbh & Co. Kg Säaggregat für eine Sämaschine

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EP1500319A1 (fr) * 2003-07-21 2005-01-26 Otto. Ing Winterleitner Dispositif pour ameublissement doux du sol cultivé

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WO2021005055A2 (fr) 2021-01-14
EP3996487A1 (fr) 2022-05-18
US20220400602A1 (en) 2022-12-22
WO2021004616A1 (fr) 2021-01-14
US20230240171A1 (en) 2023-08-03
WO2021005055A3 (fr) 2021-03-04

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