EP4003431A1 - Structures particulaires à base de nanoparticules d'or, leurs procédés de préparation et leurs utilisations dans le traitement des tumeurs solides - Google Patents
Structures particulaires à base de nanoparticules d'or, leurs procédés de préparation et leurs utilisations dans le traitement des tumeurs solidesInfo
- Publication number
- EP4003431A1 EP4003431A1 EP20757379.1A EP20757379A EP4003431A1 EP 4003431 A1 EP4003431 A1 EP 4003431A1 EP 20757379 A EP20757379 A EP 20757379A EP 4003431 A1 EP4003431 A1 EP 4003431A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- gold nanoparticles
- polymer
- polycation
- gold
- active principle
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
- A61K49/04—X-ray contrast preparations
- A61K49/0409—Physical forms of mixtures of two different X-ray contrast-enhancing agents, containing at least one X-ray contrast-enhancing agent which is not a halogenated organic compound
- A61K49/0414—Particles, beads, capsules or spheres
- A61K49/0423—Nanoparticles, nanobeads, nanospheres, nanocapsules, i.e. having a size or diameter smaller than 1 micrometer
- A61K49/0428—Surface-modified nanoparticles, e.g. immuno-nanoparticles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
- A61K49/0002—General or multifunctional contrast agents, e.g. chelated agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
- A61K49/06—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations
- A61K49/18—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations characterised by a special physical form, e.g. emulsions, microcapsules, liposomes
- A61K49/1818—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations characterised by a special physical form, e.g. emulsions, microcapsules, liposomes particles, e.g. uncoated or non-functionalised microparticles or nanoparticles
- A61K49/1821—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations characterised by a special physical form, e.g. emulsions, microcapsules, liposomes particles, e.g. uncoated or non-functionalised microparticles or nanoparticles coated or functionalised microparticles or nanoparticles
- A61K49/1824—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations characterised by a special physical form, e.g. emulsions, microcapsules, liposomes particles, e.g. uncoated or non-functionalised microparticles or nanoparticles coated or functionalised microparticles or nanoparticles coated or functionalised nanoparticles
- A61K49/1878—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations characterised by a special physical form, e.g. emulsions, microcapsules, liposomes particles, e.g. uncoated or non-functionalised microparticles or nanoparticles coated or functionalised microparticles or nanoparticles coated or functionalised nanoparticles the nanoparticle having a magnetically inert core and a (super)(para)magnetic coating
- A61K49/1881—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations characterised by a special physical form, e.g. emulsions, microcapsules, liposomes particles, e.g. uncoated or non-functionalised microparticles or nanoparticles coated or functionalised microparticles or nanoparticles coated or functionalised nanoparticles the nanoparticle having a magnetically inert core and a (super)(para)magnetic coating wherein the coating consists of chelates, i.e. chelating group complexing a (super)(para)magnetic ion, bound to the surface
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K51/00—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo
- A61K51/12—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo characterised by a special physical form, e.g. emulsion, microcapsules, liposomes, characterized by a special physical form, e.g. emulsions, dispersions, microcapsules
- A61K51/1241—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo characterised by a special physical form, e.g. emulsion, microcapsules, liposomes, characterized by a special physical form, e.g. emulsions, dispersions, microcapsules particles, powders, lyophilizates, adsorbates, e.g. polymers or resins for adsorption or ion-exchange resins
- A61K51/1244—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo characterised by a special physical form, e.g. emulsion, microcapsules, liposomes, characterized by a special physical form, e.g. emulsions, dispersions, microcapsules particles, powders, lyophilizates, adsorbates, e.g. polymers or resins for adsorption or ion-exchange resins microparticles or nanoparticles, e.g. polymeric nanoparticles
- A61K51/1251—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo characterised by a special physical form, e.g. emulsion, microcapsules, liposomes, characterized by a special physical form, e.g. emulsions, dispersions, microcapsules particles, powders, lyophilizates, adsorbates, e.g. polymers or resins for adsorption or ion-exchange resins microparticles or nanoparticles, e.g. polymeric nanoparticles micro- or nanospheres, micro- or nanobeads, micro- or nanocapsules
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y15/00—Nanotechnology for interacting, sensing or actuating, e.g. quantum dots as markers in protein assays or molecular motors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y5/00—Nanobiotechnology or nanomedicine, e.g. protein engineering or drug delivery
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of chemistry and formulation applied to health.
- it relates to novel particle structures that include multifunctional gold nanoparticles, and their uses for radiotherapy, imaging and chemotherapy in the treatment of cancer.
- the invention also relates to a process for preparing these novel particulate structures which consists in particular in encapsulating the multifunctional gold nanoparticles in particles of biodegradable polymer.
- nanoparticles allow an exploration of living things down to the cellular level. These nanoparticles are large enough not to cross biological barriers in healthy tissue and small enough to cross the porous epithelium of solid tumor blood vessels.
- Gold nanoparticles are also attractive due to their intrinsic properties. Indeed, the gold element is a noble metal par excellence, very insensitive to external chemical attacks, which also has a biocompatibility suitable for medical applications. Gold nanoparticles have modular optical properties depending on size, shape and dielectric environment. This property is widely used in photothermal therapy and imaging (3). In addition, gold, due to a high atomic number, is characterized by a very high density and absorption cross section of X and y photons. This property, independent of size, confers on gold nanoparticles the behavior of a contrast agent for X-ray computed tomography and a radiosensitizing effect that can be exploited for radiotherapy (4), (5).
- the two main synthesis methods described by House and Frens are relatively simple to implement.
- the first consists of a reduction of a gold salt by a strong reducing agent in the presence of thiolated ligands while the Frens method leads to the formation of nanoparticles stabilized by citrate ions using the sodium citrate reducing agent on the salt of 'or (6), (7).
- the functionalization of these gold nanoparticles which can be carried out during or after the synthesis, makes it possible to enrich the range of properties.
- By an appropriate choice of the constituents used for the synthesis of multifunctional gold nanoparticles it is then possible, despite the reduced size, to integrate within the same object a therapeutic activity and imaging functions.
- These gold nanoparticles thus functionalized indeed have the potential of multimodal contrast agent (MRI, nuclear imaging) and radiosensitizing agent. Once injected intravenously, these nanoparticles exhibited a significant therapeutic effect following their activation by X-ray radiation. Furthermore, the biodistribution of these nanoparticles could be monitored by MRI, SPECT and X-ray tomodensitometry. Multifunctional gold, by virtue of their optical and radiosensitizing properties, therefore represent an extremely interesting approach for the diagnosis and treatment of tumors.
- MRI magnetic resonance imaging
- radiosensitizing agent Once injected intravenously, these nanoparticles exhibited a significant therapeutic effect following their activation by X-ray radiation. Furthermore, the biodistribution of these nanoparticles could be monitored by MRI, SPECT and X-ray tomodensitometry. Multifunctional gold, by virtue of their optical and radiosensitizing properties, therefore represent an extremely interesting approach for the diagnosis and treatment of tumors.
- the inventors of the present invention then imagined encapsulating the multifunctional gold nanoparticles in larger biodegradable polymer particles, which would circulate for longer in the blood and would therefore have more opportunities to accumulate in the tumor, while keeping the renal elimination of nano-objects.
- One of the aims of the present invention is to develop new particle structures which comprise multifunctional gold nanoparticles, and which have a sufficiently long plasma half-life (namely from 15 minutes to 120 minutes) in order to '' improve their accumulation in the tumor zone and better exploit the radiosensitizing potential of Multifunctional gold nanoparticles.
- Another aim of the invention is to develop new particle structures which are biodegradable transporters, which exhibit a sufficiently long plasma half-life (circulation time in the blood) in order to fully exploit the promising potential of the nanoparticles of multifunctional gold for imaging guided radiotherapy.
- Another aim of the invention is to develop new particle structures which, while exhibiting a sufficiently long plasma half-life to improve their tumor accumulation, then rapidly degrade in the blood and are eliminated via the kidneys. .
- Another object of the present invention is to develop an original process for preparing these novel particulate structures, said process making it possible to effectively encapsulate the multifunctional gold nanoparticles in biodegradable polymer particles, namely with a encapsulation yield greater than 90%, close to 100%, or even equal to 100%.
- Another aim of the invention is to develop a process making it possible to prepare particle structures of the order of one nanometer, namely which have a diameter ranging from 50 to 200 nm, and which have a narrow size distribution (at know which have a low polydispersity index).
- Another aim of the invention is to develop a process making it possible to prepare particulate structures as defined above, with high reproducibility, both for the degree of charge obtained (degree of encapsulation) and for the size. particles obtained.
- the polycation makes it possible to electrostatically trap the nanoparticles.
- multifunctional gold which facilitates and makes possible in particular their encapsulation in the particles of biodegradable polymer.
- a more particular subject of the present invention is a particulate structure characterized in that it comprises:
- the gold nanoparticles b / being encapsulated in the polymer particle a / and / or adsorbed to the surface of the polymer particle a /.
- nanoparticle designates an object, regardless of the shape, at least one of its dimensions of which is between 1 and 100 nanometers.
- the particulate structure of the invention designates in particular a particle of biodegradable polymer a / inside which gold nanoparticles b / are encapsulated and / or on the surface of which gold nanoparticles b / are adsorbed.
- the possible shapes can be spheres, nanoshells (heart-shell), nanoparticles.
- the spherical shape is however an approximation. Indeed, gold crystallizes in a face-centered cubic lattice and thus forms a polyhedral object that can be likened to a sphere.
- the gold nanoparticles and the biodegradable polymer particles are preferably spherical in shape.
- the particulate structure of the invention is preferably spherical in shape.
- the gold nanoparticles of the particulate structures of the invention coated on their surface with macrocyclic chelators complexing at least one ion of interest and / or one radionuclide for medical imaging, can also be referred to indifferently as nanoparticles of. or “functional” (as opposed to “naked” gold nanoparticles), “multifunctional”, “functionalized”, Radiosensitizing functionalized gold nanoparticles etc. They could simply be designated in what follows by gold nanoparticles b /. Such gold nanoparticles b / are therefore composed of a gold core surrounded or covered with an organic layer consisting of macrocyclic chelators complexing ions of interest and / or radionuclides.
- the essential role of the organic layer besides colloidal stability, is to allow the complexation of elements for medical imaging (ion of interest, radionuclide) in order to be able to follow the b / gold nanoparticles by imaging.
- the functional gold nanoparticles b / can also be designated by the acronym Au @ L (M) in which Au represents gold, L (M) represents the macrocyclic chelator (namely L) complexing the ion d 'interest and / or the radionuclide (ie M).
- the macrocyclic chelator L can also be designated by macrocyclic ligand or ligand.
- biodegradable polymer means a polymer which will degrade or be absorbed naturally in the body of a subject.
- the biodegradable polymer can also be referred to as a bioresorbable polymer.
- the particle of biodegradable or bioresorbable polymer may be designated in the following as polymer particle a /, polymeric particle a /.
- polycation cl The polycation exhibiting a positive charge over a wide pH range as defined above may be referred to in the following as polycation cl.
- Said polycation c / will always be found near the gold nanoparticles b / since it is in electrostatic interaction with them.
- the polycation c / can be encapsulated in the polymer particle a / and / or adsorbed to the surface of the polymer particle a /.
- the particulate structure which is the subject of the invention is further characterized in that it comprises a surfactant adsorbed on the surface of the ⁇ / polymer particle.
- Said surfactant when it is present, is therefore always present at the surface of the polymer particle a / and is never encapsulated within the latter.
- the presence of the surfactant depends on the nature of the biodegradable polymer of the nanoparticle.
- the surfactant of the invention is in particular polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and / or a poloxamer, and is preferably PVA.
- poloxamer By way of examples of a poloxamer, mention may be made of those sold under the name Pluronic F-127 (Poloxamer 407), P85, L64.
- the particulate structure further comprises at least one active principle encapsulated in the polymer particle a /, said active principle preferably being a chemotherapeutic agent and / or a fluorophore.
- a chemotherapeutic agent there may be mentioned temozolomide, paclitaxel, docetaxel and etoposide.
- fluorophore By way of example of a fluorophore, mention may be made of indocyanine green (which is used clinically for imaging) or other fluorophores such as cyanine 5, cyanine 7 or DU (IUPAC name: "(2Z) -2 - [(E) -3- (3,3-dimethyl-1 -octadecylindol-1 -ium-2-yl) prop-2-enylidene] -3,3-dimethyl-1 -octadecylindole; perchlorate ').
- the polymer particle a1 advantageously allows the co-encapsulation of functional gold nanoparticles b / and at least one active principle.
- the macrocyclic chelators as mentioned above, which cover the gold nanoparticles each comprise:
- an anchoring function which comprises at least one sulfur atom making it possible to attach the macrocyclic chelator to the gold nanoparticle, and which preferably comprises two sulfur atoms forming an endocyclic disulfide bond,
- At least one complexation site of ions of interest and / or radionuclides for medical imaging said complexation site comprising at least one carboxylic acid function and / or an amine function,
- a functionalization site allowing the grafting of the chelator with a targeting agent towards cancer cells.
- the bond between at least one sulfur atom of the anchoring function and the gold nanoparticle more particularly designates an ionocovalent bond, which is an intermediate bond between a covalent bond and an ionic bond.
- the macrocyclic chelator covering the gold particles is more particularly characterized in that:
- the anchoring function is a radical chosen from the group comprising:
- the spacer arm is a radical chosen from the group comprising:
- the functionalization site if it is present, is a radical, originating from an amino acid, chosen from the group comprising:
- amino acid from which the functionalization site originates mention may be made of lysine, serine, threonine, tyrosine.
- the macrocyclic chelator is chosen from the group comprising:
- TADOTAGA TADOTAGA, TANODAGA, TADFO, TA [DOTAGA-lys-NH 2 ], TA [NODAGA-lys-NH 2 ], TA [DOTAGA-lys-NODAGA] and mixtures thereof.
- DOTAGA "1, 4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecan-1 -glutaric acid-4, 7,10-triacetic acid”.
- NODAGA "1, 4, 7-triazacyclononane-1 -glutaric acid-4, 7-diacetic acid”.
- DFO "Deferroxamine”.
- TADOTAGA refers to the derivative of DOTAGA with the addition of a thioctic acid (TA) function.
- TANODAGA designates the derivative of NODAGA with the addition of a thioctic acid (TA) function.
- TADFO is the derivative of DFO with the addition of a thioctic acid (TA) function.
- TA thioctic acid
- TA [NODAGA-lys-NFl2] denotes the derivative of TANODAGA with the addition of an amine function via lysine.
- TA denotes a compound comprising a DOTAGA unit and a NODAGA unit linked together by lysine with the addition of the thioctic acid (TA) function.
- the organic layer surrounding the gold core consisting of macrocyclic chelators, may be a "mixed" layer which means that it consists of a mixture of macrocyclic chelators.
- the ion of interest for medical imaging and more particularly for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), is chosen from the group comprising Gd3 +, Ho3 +, Dy3 + and their mixtures;
- the radionuclide for medical imaging and more particularly for nuclear imaging (TEMP or PET), is chosen from the group comprising 64 Cu, 89 Zr, 88 Ga,
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging is an imaging technique that allows three-dimensional visualization of biological tissues based on the principle of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). MRI exploits the magnetic properties of protons in water (a major constituent of biological tissue, around 80%) which depend on the environment and therefore on the tissue.
- Nuclear imaging techniques require the injection of radionuclides to perform functional imaging of the organism. Two techniques can be distinguished: single photon emission tomography (SPECT) which uses emitters of y photons and positron emission tomography (PET) which relies on the use of emitters of b + positrons.
- SPECT single photon emission tomography
- PET positron emission tomography
- SPECT and PET have the advantage of having a very high sensitivity and of being able to perform functional imaging.
- the b / functional gold nanoparticles represented by Au @ L (M) can therefore be followed by MRI (when M is an ion of interest), TEMP or PET (when M is a radionuclide) and by X imaging ( thanks to gold).
- the @ symbol designates the bond or the ionocovalent bond between the anchoring function of the macrocyclic chelator L and the gold nanoparticle.
- the particulate structure of the invention is further characterized in that the polycation is chosen from the group comprising polyethyleneimine (PEI), polylysine, polyarginine, polyamidoamine (PANAM), a poly (-amino ester), chitosan and mixtures thereof, and is preferably polyethyleneimine.
- PEI polyethyleneimine
- PANAM polyarginine
- PANAM polyamidoamine
- chitosan and mixtures thereof
- branched polyethyleneimine will be mentioned (as opposed to linear).
- polycation is used because each of the compounds described above comprises amine groups which may or may not be charged by protonation depending on the pH. As already indicated, the polycation used in the context of the invention exhibits a positive charge over a wide pH range, namely a pH range from 5 to 11.
- the biodegradable polymer of the particle is chosen from the group comprising poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), poly (lactic acid) (PLA), poly acid (glycolic) (PGA), polycaprolactone (PCL), a polyanhydride, the copolymers of each of said polymers with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and mixtures thereof, and is preferably PLGA or the copolymer (PLGA-PEG).
- PLGA is a hetero copolymer of lactic acid and glycolic acid obtained by a copolymerization reaction. The monomers are linked by ester bonds and the result is a linear aliphatic polyester comprising x units of lactic acid and y units of glycolic acid.
- PLGA 75/25 identifies a copolymer whose composition is 75% lactic acid and 25% glycolic acid with a molecular mass of between 7000 and 17000 g / mole.
- PLGA 50/50 is more particularly preferred.
- PLGA is used in drug delivery due to its excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability in lactic acid and glycolic acid, which are two monomers naturally produced by metabolic pathways.
- the particulate structure of the invention does not include a surfactant.
- the macrocylic chelator present at the surface of the gold nanoparticles is linked to an active targeting agent for integrins anbiii overexpressed on neovessels of tumors, said agent of targeting preferably being the cyclic RGD peptide.
- a targeting agent allows for active targeting, in addition to passive targeting.
- the affinity of the biomolecule with the receptors overexpressed at the level of the tumor or neovessels of the tumor (case of RGD) will thus allow a longer retention of the gold nanoparticles in the targeted area.
- the hydrodynamic diameter of the polymer particle a / is from 50 to 200 nm, preferably from 70 to 160 nm;
- the hydrodynamic diameter of the gold nanoparticles b / is 3 to 15 nm, preferably 6 to 10 nm.
- the hydrodynamic diameter of a particle takes into account the diameter of the particle and of its so-called “hydration" layer.
- the hydrodynamic diameter of the polymer particle a / is the diameter of the polymer particle a / on the surface of which the gold nanoparticles b / and / or the surfactant are adsorbed.
- the diameter of the polymeric particle a1 with its layer formed by the gold nanoparticles b / and / or the surfactant constitutes the hydrodynamic diameter of the polymeric particle a /.
- the diameter of the particulate structure is therefore equal to the hydrodynamic diameter of the polymer particle a /.
- the hydrodynamic diameter of gold nanoparticles b / refers to the diameter of gold nanoparticles coated on their surface with macrocyclic chelators complexing at least one ion of interest and / or one radionuclide.
- the particulate structure is more particularly characterized in that the gold nanoparticles b / and optionally the active principle are encapsulated in the polymer particle a /, said gold nanoparticles b / which can also optionally be adsorbed to the surface of the polymer particle a /.
- a subject of the invention is also a process for preparing a particulate structure as defined above (namely in which the gold nanoparticles b / (and optionally the active principle) are encapsulated in the particle of polymer a1 and optionally adsorbed to the surface of the polymer particle a /).
- This process can be performed using either of the two methods described below, and may be referred to as the "encapsulation process”.
- the method of the invention is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
- the encapsulation yield of the gold nanoparticles b / and optionally of the active principle, in the polymer particles a / is at least 75%, preferably at least 90%, and more preferably still at least 95%.
- the method of the invention is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
- the encapsulation yield of the gold nanoparticles b / and optionally of the active principle, in the polymer particles a / is at least 75%, preferably at least 90%, and more preferably still at least 95%.
- the active principle can be a fluorophore and / or a chemotherapeutic agent.
- the encapsulation efficiency of the gold nanoparticles denotes the final mass of gold (namely the mass of gold encapsulated and optionally the mass of gold adsorbed) relative to the mass of gold used. Indeed, during the encapsulation process, it is possible that some of the gold nanoparticles are not found in the biodegradable polymer particle but are found adsorbed on the surface of the biodegradable polymer particle.
- the final gold mass is identical to the mass of gold used if the encapsulation yield is 100%. However, this can mean that some of the gold nanoparticles are found on the surface of the biodegradable polymer particle.
- the encapsulation yield of the active ingredient refers to the mass of active ingredient encapsulated relative to the mass of active ingredient used.
- the active principle is always found in the biodegradable polymer particle and never on its surface.
- the final polymer mass is identical to the polymer mass used if the manufacturing yield is 100%.
- the degree of encapsulation (also referred to as the charge rate) of the gold nanoparticles denotes the final mass of gold (namely the mass of encapsulated gold and possibly the mass of gold adsorbed) relative to the mass of biodegradable polymer particles formed.
- the charge rate of gold nanoparticles obtained with the encapsulation process denotes the final mass of gold (namely the mass of gold encapsulated and possibly the mass of gold adsorbed) relative to the mass of polymer particles biodegradable formed.
- the degree of encapsulation of the active ingredient refers to the mass of final active ingredient (namely the mass of encapsulated active ingredient) relative to the mass of biodegradable polymer particles formed.
- the degree of encapsulation of the gold nanoparticles is 1 to 4%, preferably 1 to 3%, and more preferably still about 1, 4%.
- the degree of encapsulation of the active principle is 0.5 to 5%, preferably 1 to 3%, and more preferably still about 2%.
- the preparation process of the invention described above advantageously allows an encapsulation yield of more than 75%, preferably at least 90%, and more preferably still at minus 95%, whereas without the use of the polycation, the encapsulation efficiency, as well as the encapsulation rate, is impaired.
- the particulate structure is more particularly characterized in that the gold nanoparticles b / are adsorbed on the surface of the polymer particle a /, and the active principle, s' it is present, is encapsulated in the polymer particle.
- the particle of polymer a / is a particle "filled" with polymer a1 in which there is still optionally an active principle.
- a further subject of the invention is a process for preparing a particulate structure as defined above (namely in which the gold nanoparticles b / are adsorbed to the surface of the polymer particle a / and the active principle, if present, is encapsulated in the polymer particle a /).
- This process may also be called “adsorption process”, and is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
- the adsorption efficiency of the gold nanoparticles b / to the surface of the polymer particle a / is 30 to 70%, preferably 40 to 60%.
- the adsorption efficiency of gold nanoparticles refers to the final mass of gold (ie the mass of gold adsorbed) relative to the mass of gold used.
- the charge rate of gold nanoparticles obtained with the adsorption process refers to the final mass of gold (ie the mass of gold adsorbed) relative to the mass of biodegradable polymer particles formed.
- the process of the invention relates to both the encapsulation process according to one of the two methods described above and the adsorption process described above, the common and original characteristic of these processes being the use of a polycation.
- the charge rate obtained with the encapsulation process (namely gold nanoparticles inside the polymer particle and optionally on the surface of the polymer particle) is compared to the charge rate obtained with the adsorption process (gold nanoparticles only on the surface of the polymer particle), to show that there is indeed an encapsulation given the different charge rate.
- the aqueous solution of gold nanoparticles b / is at a concentration of 8 to 12 grams of gold nanoparticles per liter of water
- the aqueous polycation solution is at a concentration of 30 to 70 grams of polycation per liter of water
- the mixture of biodegradable polymer with the organic solvent miscible with water is at a concentration of 10 to 20 grams of polymer per liter of solvent, said organic solvent is chosen from the group comprising dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), dimethylformamide (DMF) and N-methyl-pyrrolidone,
- the amount of active ingredient, if present, in the organic solvent is at a concentration of 0.15 to 0.75 grams of active ingredient per liter of solvent
- the amount of surfactant, if present, in the water is 5 to 10 grams of surfactant per liter of water.
- the presence or absence of the surfactant depends on the nature of the biodegradable polymer used.
- the biodegradable polymer is PEG or a copolymer (PLGA-PEG)
- PLGA-PEG polyvinyl alcohol
- the surfactant will, for example, be polyvinyl alcohol (PVA).
- the polycation / gold ratio namely the “aqueous polycation solution / aqueous suspension of gold nanoparticles b /” ratio varies from 4 to 8 , and is preferably 5.
- the pH of the aqueous polycation solution varies from 9 to 11, and is preferably 10, 8.
- the pH of the polycation solution influences the size of the polymer particle obtained.
- a pH of 10.8 produces particles of a / polymer with a hydrodynamic diameter of about 150 nm.
- the original preparation process of the invention which consists in using a polycation, leads to the production of particulate structures which have a monodisperse size and can be modulated according to the polycation / gold ratio and according to the pH of the aqueous solution of polycation.
- the polydispersity index of the particulate structures must be less than 0.25.
- the particulate structures of the invention exhibit a polydispersity index of about 0.16.
- the polydispersity index represents the size distribution of a population of particles. The lower the index, the more monodisperse (homogeneous size) the sample. Conventional methods, which do not use polycation, lead to polydisperse particles and / or generally large in size (of the order of a micrometer) and which include a low encapsulation yield.
- the preparation process of the invention is also advantageous in that it is highly reproducible, both for the charge rate (rate of encapsulation) obtained as the size of the particles obtained.
- the method of the invention is also advantageous in that it makes it possible to encapsulate gold nanoparticles b /, namely gold nanoparticles already functionalized, which in particular have the properties of contrast agent required for the MRI, and optionally an active principle, with an encapsulation yield close to 100%, or even 100%.
- the main field of application of the particulate structures of the invention is imaging coupled with the treatment of tumors by radiotherapy.
- the particles of biodegradable polymer a / such as for example the particles of PLGA, will play the role of transporter, and the gold nanoparticles b / encapsulated and / or adsorbed will play the role of contrast agent and radiosensitizing agent. .
- the primary interest of the encapsulation (or adsorption) of gold nanoparticles b / in (at the surface of) polymer particles a / is to increase the plasma half-life of gold nanoparticles b / in order to improve their tumor accumulation and to better exploit their radiosensitizing potential. As an indication, the plasma half-life of the PLGA particles is 15 days.
- the gold nanoparticles b / thus encapsulated and / or adsorbed circulate for a longer time in the blood and have the possibility of accumulating in greater quantities in the tumor.
- the enhanced tumor accumulation of gold nanoparticles increases the synergistic effect with the radiotherapy.
- the functionalized gold nanoparticles b / return to the bloodstream and can be rapidly eliminated via the kidneys.
- bioresorbable polymer particles a / is not limited to the transport of functionalized b / radiosensitizing gold nanoparticles.
- the polymeric particles al allow, in addition to the encapsulation of the gold nanoparticles b /, the encapsulation of at least one active principle such as a chemotherapeutic agent and / or a fluorophore.
- the particulate structures of the invention advantageously make it possible to perform radiotherapy in order to improve the effect of the therapy while reducing the side effects, in particular in the case of treatment of tumors.
- a subject of the invention is also a pharmaceutical composition containing a therapeutically effective amount of at least one particulate structure as defined above.
- the amount of particulate structures may vary depending on the intended applications, the age and weight of the patient.
- the particulate structures or the pharmaceutical composition of the invention may be in a form suitable for intravenous administration.
- injectable suspensions By way of examples, mention may be made of injectable suspensions.
- a subject of the present invention is also a particulate structure as defined above, for use in the treatment of solid cancerous tumors.
- the invention also relates to a method of therapeutic treatment of solid cancerous tumors comprising the administration to a subject of a therapeutically effective amount of at least one particulate structure or of a composition as defined above.
- a further subject of the present invention is a particulate structure for use as defined above, by radiotherapy or chemotherapy, and more particularly by radiotherapy guided by imaging.
- the invention also relates to a method of therapeutic treatment by radiotherapy or chemotherapy, and more particularly by radiotherapy guided by imaging, comprising the administration to a subject of a therapeutically effective amount of at least one particulate structure or of a composition as defined above.
- FIG. 1 a is a schematic representation of b / functionalized gold nanoparticles in which the macrocyclic chelators are complexed to ions of interest.
- FIG. 1 b is a schematic representation of b / functionalized gold nanoparticles in which the macrocyclic chelators are complexed to a radionuclide.
- FIG. 1 c is a schematic representation of b / functionalized gold nanoparticles in which the macrocyclic chelators are complexed with ions of interest and a radionuclide.
- FIG. 2a is a schematic representation of a particulate structure of the invention comprising a biodegradable polymer particle a1 in which 100% of the gold nanoparticles b / are encapsulated. The gold nanoparticles form electrostatic interactions with the polycation.
- Fig. 2b is a schematic representation of a particulate structure of the invention comprising a biodegradable polymer particle a1 in which 100% of the gold nanoparticles b / are encapsulated. The gold nanoparticles form electrostatic interactions with the polycation.
- FIG. 2b is a schematic representation of a particulate structure of the invention comprising gold nanoparticles b / encapsulated in the biodegradable polymer particle a / and adsorbed to the surface of the polymer particle a /.
- FIG. 2c is a schematic representation of a particulate structure of the invention in which 100% of the gold nanoparticles b / are adsorbed to the surface of the polymer particle a /.
- a surfactant, adsorbed to the surface of the ⁇ / polymer particle, is shown in each of Figures 2a, 2b and 2c. The presence of the latter is however optional, and each of these figures could also be represented without the surfactant.
- the polycation is not shown with its positive charge in each of the particulate structures of the invention so as not to encumber each of Figures 2a, 2b and 2c.
- FIG. 3a is a schematic representation of a particulate structure of the invention corresponding to that of Figure 2a but which further comprises an active ingredient encapsulated in the polymer particle a /.
- FIG. 3b is a schematic representation of a particulate structure of the invention corresponding to that of Figure 2b but which further comprises an active ingredient encapsulated in the a / polymer particle.
- Fig. 3c is a schematic representation of a particulate structure of the invention corresponding to that of Figure 2b but which further comprises an active ingredient encapsulated in the a / polymer particle.
- FIG. 3c is a schematic representation of a particulate structure of the invention corresponding to that of Figure 2c but which further comprises an active principle encapsulated in the polymer particle a /.
- the active principle is represented by a star in each of Figures 3a, 3b and 3c.
- FIG. 4a represents the structural formulas of the macrocyclic chelators (L).
- FIG. 4b represents the structural formulas of the polycations.
- FIG. 4c represents the structural formulas of biodegradable polymers.
- FIG. 5a represents the process for preparing the particulate structures of the invention in which the gold nanoparticles b / are encapsulated in the polymer particle a /, some of the gold nanoparticles b / still being adsorbed to the surface of the polymer particle a / (encapsulation process according to method 2).
- FIG. 5b represents the process for preparing the particulate structures of the invention in which the gold nanoparticles b / are adsorbed to the surface of the polymer particle a / (adsorption process).
- the latter is mixed with the organic solvent and the biodegradable polymer, whether it is the encapsulation process or the adsorption process.
- Gold Np refers to gold nanoparticles.
- FIG. 6 represents a photograph taken by transmission electron microscopy of a particulate structure of the invention in which one can distinguish a polymer particle a / comprising several encapsulated and / or adsorbed gold nanoparticles.
- FIG. 7 represents a blood kinetics graph showing the change in the dose of gold injected (in percentage) per gram of blood as a function of time, for the gold nanoparticles alone (designated by “Np of gold”), gold nanoparticles encapsulated in PLGA particles (designated as “NP3”) or in PLGA-PEG particles (designated as “NP3-PEG”).
- the biodegradable polymer a / is poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) or a poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) and polyethylene glycol (PLGA-PEG) conjugate,
- the macrocyclic chelator is TADOTAGA and the ion of interest is gadolinium (Gd3 +),
- PEI polyethyleneimine
- the surfactant is polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and the water-miscible organic solvent is dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO).
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol
- DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
- the b / gold nanoparticles, coated on their surface with the TADOTAGA chelator complexing gadolinium ion, are represented in the following by:
- PLGA 50:50 (PM 7000-17000 Da) (marketed under the name Resomer® RG 502H) comes from Evonik Industries (Evonik Rohm GmbH) and PLGA-PEG 50:50 (PLGA: PM 25000 Da, PEG: PM 5000 Da) comes from Sigma Aldrich (St Louis, USA).
- Chloroauric acid (HAUCI 4 .3H 2 O), sodium borohydride (NaBH 4 ), PVA (MW 30000-70000 Da), branched polyethyleneimine (PEI) (MW 25000 Da), gadolinium chloride (GdCl 3 , 6H 2 0) and dimethylsufloxide (DMSO) are from Sigma Aldrich (Saint Louis, United States).
- the TADOTAGA ligand comes from Chematech (Dijon, France).
- Gold nanoparticles are obtained by reduction gold salt (HAUCI4.3H2O) with NaBhU in the presence of the ligand TADOTAGA.
- the adsorption of TADOTAGA on the surface of the gold nanoparticles makes it possible to control the size and the colloidal stability and allows the immobilization of gadolinium. More particularly, HAUCI4.3H2O (50 mg, 1.22x10 4 mol), dissolved in methanol (20 ml_), is placed in a 250 ml round bottom flask.
- the TADOTAGA ligand (86 mg, 1.22 x 10 4 mol) in water (10 mL) is added to the golden salt solution with stirring. The mixture changes from yellow to orange. After a few minutes, NaBhU (48 mg, 12.7 x 10 4 mol) dissolved in water (3 mL) is added to the mixture with vigorous stirring at room temperature. Stirring is maintained for 1 h. Then, the mixture is dialyzed using a 6000-8000 kDa MWCO membrane.
- the gold suspension is concentrated and the gadolinium is trapped in the TADOTAGA chelator by shaking the suspension overnight with GdCl 3 , 6H 2 0 (370 pL at 135 mM for an Au @ TADOTAGA (Gd) suspension at 10 mL).
- the gadolinium concentration of 5 mM guarantees the stability of the suspension and an optimal MRI signal.
- the process for preparing the polymer particles encapsulating the gold nanoparticles b / is based on the method of nanoprecipitation by displacement of solvent (13), with the originality, however, of using the PEI.
- the inventors have determined that the size of the polymer particles is adjustable as a function of the PEI / gold ratio and of the pH of the aqueous solution of PEI.
- a size of 160 nm + 15 nm is advantageous in that it makes it possible to encapsulate a satisfactory quantity of gold nanoparticles b / while allowing a satisfactory production yield.
- An aqueous solution of PEI (25 ml, 5% w / w) is mixed with 1 ml of PLGA solution or of PLGA-PEG solution in DMSO at 15 mg / ml and 18 mg / ml, respectively.
- a suspension of Au @ TADOTAGA (Gd) (25 ⁇ L, 10 mg / mL (ie 51 mM)) is added to the preceding solution comprising the PEI and the PLGA.
- the PLGA particles are previously formed according to the same protocol as the conventional PLGA particles.
- the different preparations are washed three times by ultracentrifugation at 30,000 G for 1 h, at 4 ° C to remove the free gold nanoparticles. Finally, the preparations are lyophilized using sucrose as a cryoprotectant, except in the batches used to estimate the production yield, the encapsulation yield and the encapsulation rate.
- Production efficiency (%) Quantity of PLGA used x 100 (1) Amount of gold encapsulated and possibly adsorbed
- Particles are thus obtained having a hydrodynamic diameter ranging from 130 nm to 200 nm (the size can be further reduced by adjusting the PEI / gold ratio) with an encapsulation rate of approximately 1.4.
- the reduction in size inevitably results in a reduction in production efficiency due to the centrifugal washing.
- the NP3 particles (PEI / gold ratio of 5) are selected for the in vivo tests. These particles represent a good compromise between size and production yield.
- the degree of encapsulation is half as important in the case of the adsorption protocol (adsorbed NP3) than that of encapsulation (NP3), which clearly indicates the encapsulation of the gold nanoparticles.
- the presence of gold is confirmed by transmission electron microscopy imaging (see Figure 6).
- image-guided therapy [0125]
- the particulate structures of the invention are promising candidates for imaging-guided therapy if they show an adapted behavior after intravenous injection: accumulation in the area to be treated, absence of nanoparticles in the surrounding healthy tissues, privileged renal elimination ( compared to the hepatobiliary route) and if the plasma half-life is increased compared to gold nanoparticles.
- Encapsulation whether performed with PLGA or PLGA-PEG, increases the plasma half-life of gold nanoparticles.
- the encapsulation process of the invention advantageously allows the encapsulation of gold nanoparticles within particles of reduced size (between 100 and 200 nm) with a yield close to 100% while maintaining a low polydispersity index.
- the particulate structure thus obtained makes it possible to increase the plasma half-life of gold nanoparticles, and therefore has significant and promising potential for improving the therapeutic effect of said gold nanoparticles.
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| FR1908368A FR3099052B1 (fr) | 2019-07-23 | 2019-07-23 | Structures particulaires à base de nanoparticules d’or, leurs procédés de préparation et leurs utilisations dans le traitement des tumeurs solides |
| PCT/FR2020/051352 WO2021014103A1 (fr) | 2019-07-23 | 2020-07-23 | Structures particulaires à base de nanoparticules d'or, leurs procédés de préparation et leurs utilisations dans le traitement des tumeurs solides |
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| US (1) | US20220257801A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4003431A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP7765834B2 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA3146881A1 (fr) |
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| US20060222595A1 (en) * | 2005-03-31 | 2006-10-05 | Priyabrata Mukherjee | Nanoparticles for therapeutic and diagnostic applications |
| MX2013000501A (es) * | 2010-07-16 | 2013-06-05 | Univ Denmark Tech Dtu | Radioterapia guiada por nanoparticulas. |
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| CA3191031A1 (fr) * | 2013-09-27 | 2015-04-02 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Nanostructures proteiques biologiquement actives sans entraineur |
| US9974870B2 (en) * | 2014-06-09 | 2018-05-22 | Washington University | Compositions and methods for treatment and imaging using nanoparticles |
| CN107802844B (zh) * | 2017-12-14 | 2019-12-10 | 东华大学 | 一种负载双造影元素的杂化海藻酸钠纳米凝胶的制备方法 |
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| JP7765834B2 (ja) | 2025-11-07 |
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| CA3146881A1 (fr) | 2021-01-28 |
| FR3099052A1 (fr) | 2021-01-29 |
| FR3099052B1 (fr) | 2022-03-25 |
| WO2021014103A1 (fr) | 2021-01-28 |
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