EP4008954A2 - Agencement de brûleur destiné à la combustion du gaz combustible contenant de l'hydrogène et corps de brûleur - Google Patents

Agencement de brûleur destiné à la combustion du gaz combustible contenant de l'hydrogène et corps de brûleur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4008954A2
EP4008954A2 EP21210246.1A EP21210246A EP4008954A2 EP 4008954 A2 EP4008954 A2 EP 4008954A2 EP 21210246 A EP21210246 A EP 21210246A EP 4008954 A2 EP4008954 A2 EP 4008954A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
burner body
flames
burner
flame
mixture
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21210246.1A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP4008954A3 (fr
Inventor
Bodo Oerder
Arnold Wohlfeil
Fabian Staab
Jochen Grabe
Michael Schumacher
Matthias Hopf
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vaillant GmbH
Original Assignee
Vaillant GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vaillant GmbH filed Critical Vaillant GmbH
Publication of EP4008954A2 publication Critical patent/EP4008954A2/fr
Publication of EP4008954A3 publication Critical patent/EP4008954A3/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details
    • F23D14/48—Nozzles
    • F23D14/58—Nozzles characterised by the shape or arrangement of the outlet or outlets from the nozzle, e.g. of annular configuration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/08—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using light-sensitive elements
    • F23N5/082—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using light-sensitive elements using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2203/00—Gaseous fuel burners
    • F23D2203/10—Flame diffusing means
    • F23D2203/101—Flame diffusing means characterised by surface shape
    • F23D2203/1012—Flame diffusing means characterised by surface shape tubular
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2203/00—Gaseous fuel burners
    • F23D2203/10—Flame diffusing means
    • F23D2203/102—Flame diffusing means using perforated plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2229/00—Flame sensors
    • F23N2229/04—Flame sensors sensitive to the colour of flames

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a (burner) arrangement for the combustion of fuel gas containing hydrogen, preferably with a hydrogen content greater than 10%, in particular greater than 50%, very preferably greater than 97%.
  • Hydrogen as a fuel gas or as an admixture to fuel gases is becoming more and more important, and great efforts are being made to upgrade new or existing burners of heating devices for operation with it. It is not only a question of large systems, but also of wall-mounted units for heating water and, in general, heaters for heating buildings and/or providing hot water.
  • hydrogen differs in several respects from previously used fuel gases, in particular a hydrogen flame is almost invisible to the human eye, emits less heat than flames produced with carbonaceous fuels, and hydrogen flames require different measuring systems than the ones to monitor them other fuels. In particular, ionization measurements do not provide reliable signals when the proportion of hydrogen in the fuel gas is high.
  • the present invention is therefore particularly, but not only, applicable to heaters that are operated with pure hydrogen or with fuel gas that consists of more than 50% hydrogen.
  • a use of optical sensors (for the visible, but especially for the ultraviolet range of light) for flame monitoring and control of combustion using optical filters is for applications in heaters that are operated with hydrogen-containing fuel gas, for example from DE 10 2019 101 329 A1 known.
  • the EP 2 223 016 B1 , the U.S. 5,829,962 A and the DE19 509 704 A1 deal extensively with optical measurement systems for flame monitoring, but not specifically for hydrogen flames or for flames of hydrogen-containing fuels.
  • the object of the present invention is to at least partially solve the problems outlined with reference to the prior art and to create a burner arrangement and a burner body which enable a greater luminous efficiency of sensor arrangements.
  • a burner arrangement and a burner body according to the independent claims serve to solve this problem.
  • Advantageous refinements and developments of the invention are specified in the respective dependent claims.
  • a burner arrangement is proposed for burning a mixture of air and a fuel gas containing hydrogen or essentially pure hydrogen in a combustion chamber into which the mixture can exit from a burner body.
  • the burner body is designed in such a way that during operation, flames occur more frequently and/or more intensely in at least one predeterminable partial flame area of a flame area around the burner body that is available for flames than in other partial flame areas, and there is at least one optical sensor that detects light from the partial flame area with more or stronger flames.
  • the aim is to achieve a homogeneous distribution of the flames in a flame area surrounding the burner body (this does not have to be the entire space surrounding the burner body) during operation.
  • Most burner bodies have an inlet side and an opposite end face without channels or openings for mixture, with a lateral surface (which does not necessarily have to be cylindrical) between these two sides includes an interior and can be provided with channels for the exit of the mixture.
  • a homogeneous distribution of the flames on the outside of this lateral surface also seems sensible at first glance, because heat is then evenly distributed during combustion and can be evenly transferred to a heat transfer medium in a heat exchanger.
  • a disadvantage is that with an optical sensor, especially one that is (for temperature reasons) located far outside the flame area, usually even outside a housing of the combustion chamber behind a window, you only see a small part of the flame area with a correspondingly low yield can observe in light.
  • This can be remedied by designing the flame area (viewed globally) to be inhomogeneous and observing at least one sub-area of the flame area in which more and/or larger flames are present than in other sub-areas.
  • any disadvantages of an inhomogeneous distribution of the flames around a burner body are acceptable because they are largely balanced out by radiation, convection (turbulence) and heat conduction, so that good heat transfer to a heat transfer medium can nevertheless be ensured.
  • the invention also covers cases in which no flames or only extensions of adjacent flames occur in partial areas around a burner body, in which there would be flames according to the prior art, because a very inhomogeneous distribution of the flames takes place.
  • the flame area also includes areas around the burner body that are potentially suitable for flames but not used.
  • the burner body is preferably designed in such a way that more and/or stronger flames occur in two, three or more partial flame areas and optical sensors for or for detecting light from two, three or more such partial flame areas are present. In this way, redundancy and a higher light yield can be achieved during measurements, which is particularly important for wavelength-selective measurements in the ultraviolet range, because only small amounts of light are incident and can or must be processed.
  • the burner body is designed in such a way that during operation there is a difference in energy release (proportional to the number and size of the flames) in different partial flame areas of 20 to 100%, preferably 40 to 60%.
  • This has a direct effect on the light yield in optical measurements. This means in particular that there can be flame sub-regions with little to almost no flames, while there are correspondingly more flames in other flame sub-regions.
  • the invention is particularly suitable for high proportions of hydrogen in the fuel gas if each optical sensor is designed for the detection of predefinable spectral ranges in the ultraviolet spectrum of light. Typical emissions of OH* radicals and CH* radicals, which are particularly suitable for the desired monitoring and regulation according to the prior art, are in this range. In the case of pure hydrogen, the radiation from OH* radicals in particular can be used.
  • all optical sensors are connected to a control and regulation unit that can evaluate sensor signals and process them for flame monitoring and regulation of the combustion process.
  • a burner body is also proposed, in particular for the burner arrangements described, the burner body enclosing an interior space and having a plurality of channels for the passage of a mixture of air and fuel gas from the interior space into a combustion chamber.
  • the channels have different cross sections and/or are distributed inhomogeneously over the surface of the burner body and/or point in different directions. In this way, different quantities of the mixture can flow into different partial flame areas around the burner body.
  • the features specified here which can be used individually or in various combinations with one another, relate to all channels (also often called burner nozzles) with the design and arrangement of which the desired inhomogeneous distribution of the fuel mixture and thus the flames can be achieved.
  • the shape of the burner body itself can remain unchanged, particularly as is known from the prior art.
  • the burner body in particular for one of the burner arrangements described, is not formed in a rotationally symmetrical manner.
  • the burner body preferably has an essentially rectangular, polygonal, oval or a cross section formed from differently curved sections.
  • the torch body is non-cylindrical, but z. B. cuboid or a hollow body with one of the cross-sections described and a predetermined extent in an axial direction.
  • the burner body preferably has an inlet side for the mixture to enter its interior and an end face opposite the inlet side, each without channels, and is provided with channels on all other sides in such a way that a flame area surrounding these other sides can be flowed in an inhomogeneous manner by the mixture.
  • the invention therefore includes all measures that can be taken on the burner body in order to make the inflow of the mixture into the combustion chamber (seen globally) inhomogeneous and thus to generate flame areas of different strengths, whose strong areas enable a higher light yield when monitored with optical sensors .
  • a burner body is designed in such a way that during its operation the inhomogeneity of the flames between different partial flame areas surrounding it is between 20 and 100%, preferably between 40 and 60%.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically a heater 1, which can be operated with hydrogen or a hydrogen-containing fuel gas.
  • Air usually outside air/ambient air
  • a blower 3 via an air supply 2 and conveyed via a supply line 13 on an inlet side 12 into an interior space 9 of a burner body 7 .
  • this burner body has an opposite end face 11 which essentially determines the shape of the burner body 7 . Between them lies the interior space 9 enclosed by the burner body 7 .
  • a first optical sensor 17 is arranged in such a way that it can observe part of the flames 24 in an observation area 22 .
  • the first sensor preferably observes an approximately conical observation area 22 with a cone angle of the cone of z. B. 5 - 30° [angular degrees], preferably 10 to 20°.
  • the first sensor 17 can either be designed to be wavelength-sensitive itself (sensitive only to a specific wavelength range), or an optical filter (not shown) is connected upstream of it, which only allows a specific wavelength range to reach the sensor 17 in which the optical emissions to be observed lie. Depending on the application, this wavelength range can be in the infrared range, in the range of visible light or in the ultraviolet range, where the combustion of fuel gases containing hydrogen generates lines in each case.
  • such a first sensor 17 will not be arranged inside a combustion chamber 10 simply because of its supply lines and its temperature sensitivity, which is why it is preferably located behind a window 21 arranged in the housing 15 .
  • the first sensor 17 does not necessarily have to be aimed at the torch body 7 either. It can also be aligned in such a way that the largest possible proportion of the entire flames 24 can be observed in its observation direction.
  • the arrangement described can measure optical emissions of the hydrogen and other radicals or molecules formed during combustion, which are excited during combustion. From their intensity, conclusions can be drawn, e.g. B.
  • the observation area 22 can only cover a small part of a flame area 8 around the burner body 7 that is in principle available. According to the state of the art, most of the flames 24 lie outside of the observation area 22, which can lead to a low light output and low significance of such measurements. With an increase in the number of sensors, the light yield and significance of Measurements can be increased, but only in proportion to the amount of equipment involved.
  • the invention creates additional possibilities for increasing the light yield and informative value, as will be explained in more detail with reference to the following figures.
  • the burner body 7 has a rectangular, here square, cross section.
  • the interior 9 thus has the shape of a cuboid or cube.
  • Flames 24 therefore do not form uniformly around the burner body 7, but there are two partial flame areas 25 with more flames 24 and two partial flame areas 23 (hatched) with fewer or no flames 24.
  • Two optical sensors 17, 18 behind windows 21 in the housing 15 observe the flames 24 in their respective observation area 22. With this arrangement, the sensors 17, 18 observe a much larger proportion of the flames 24 than if they were distributed evenly over the entire possible flame area 8. The light yield and thus the significance of the measurement increases as a result.
  • the measured values of the sensors 17, 18 can be sent to the control and regulation unit 20 individually or in combination.
  • Fig. 13 shows another embodiment of the invention, in which the torch body 7 has a cross-section of a triangle with outwardly convex sides. Channels 14 are distributed evenly over the burner body 7 (with the exception of the end face 11 and the inlet side 12), but the shape of the cross section results in partial flame areas 25 with more flames 24 and partial flame areas 23 (hatched) with fewer flames 24. In this Three sensors 17, 18, 19 observe the trap Flame sections 25 with more flames 24, which has the positive effect on the measurement described above.
  • the embodiment according to has the same favorable effect 4 , in which, regardless of the cross-sectional shape of the burner body 7 (can be round, oval, angular or formed from differently curved boundaries), a concentration of the flames 24 on certain partial flame areas 25 with more flames 24 is achieved by a suitable orientation of the channels 14.
  • a specific number of channels 14 can, for example, be aligned with a suitable point (or, for example, with one of the sensors 17, 18, 19). In this way too, partial flame areas 25 with more flames 24 and others 23 (again shown hatched) with fewer or no flames 24 are created. Even so, the sensors observe a larger proportion of the flames 24 than in the prior art.
  • a similar effect can also be achieved by a systematically distributed different density of channels 14 or by systematically distributed different cross sections of the individual channels 14 .
  • FIG. 12 illustrates again schematically in a perspective view the principle of the invention using a cuboid burner body 7, which here has channels 14 on only two sides. Even if it had ducts 14 on three or four sides (not including the front side 11 and the inlet side 12), an inhomogeneous distribution of flames 24 would still arise around the burner body 7, with more sensitive measurements being able to be carried out in partial flame areas 25 that are more strongly filled with flames 24 .
  • the measures described here for concentrating flames 24 in partial flame areas 25 can be used individually or in any combination with one another be applied.
  • the intensity of the inhomogeneity of the flames 24 to be generated depends on the desired light output, the number of sensors and the tolerable non-uniform distribution of the heat generated in the flames 24 .
  • the present invention makes it possible to increase the light yield and/or the informative value of optical measurements on flames of a combustion process without increasing the outlay for sensors.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Photometry And Measurement Of Optical Pulse Characteristics (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)
EP21210246.1A 2020-12-07 2021-11-24 Agencement de brûleur destiné à la combustion du gaz combustible contenant de l'hydrogène et corps de brûleur Pending EP4008954A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102020132434.0A DE102020132434A1 (de) 2020-12-07 2020-12-07 Brenneranordnung zur Verbrennung von Wasserstoff enthaltendem Brenngas und Brennerkörper

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4008954A2 true EP4008954A2 (fr) 2022-06-08
EP4008954A3 EP4008954A3 (fr) 2022-10-12

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP21210246.1A Pending EP4008954A3 (fr) 2020-12-07 2021-11-24 Agencement de brûleur destiné à la combustion du gaz combustible contenant de l'hydrogène et corps de brûleur

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EP (1) EP4008954A3 (fr)
DE (1) DE102020132434A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102022123091A1 (de) * 2022-09-12 2024-03-14 Vaillant Gmbh Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Heizgerätes, Computerprogramm, Regel- und Steuergerät und Heizgerät
DE102024118585A1 (de) * 2024-07-01 2026-01-08 Max Weishaupt SE Brennerkörper, Gasbrenner, Heizgerät sowie Verwendung und Verfahren zur Verbrennung von Wasserstoff-Brenngas

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE8905014U1 (de) * 1988-04-28 1989-06-15 Joh. Vaillant Gmbh U. Co, 5630 Remscheid Vorrichtung zur Überwachung des Betriebes der Brennerplatte eines Flächenbrenners
DE19509704A1 (de) 1995-03-09 1996-09-12 Just Hans Juergen Dr Verfahren und Anordnung zur Überwachung und Regelung von Verbrennungsprozessen
US5829962A (en) 1996-05-29 1998-11-03 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et, L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Method and apparatus for optical flame control of combustion burners
DE19912076A1 (de) * 1999-03-18 2000-09-21 Kromschroeder Ag G Vormischbrenner für gasförmige Brennstoffe
EP2223016B1 (fr) 2007-12-19 2018-02-07 ABB Research Ltd. Dispositif de balayage de flamme et son procédé de fonctionnement
DE102019101329A1 (de) 2019-01-18 2020-07-23 Vaillant Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Regelung des Mischungsverhältnisses von Verbrennungsluft und Brenngas bei einem Verbrennungsprozess

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0373157B1 (fr) * 1987-08-03 1993-10-13 Worgas Bruciatori S.R.L. PROCEDE DE COMBUSTION ET BRULEUR A GAZ A FAIBLE EMISSION DE NOx ET DE CO
IT1283699B1 (it) 1996-03-25 1998-04-30 Enrico Sebastiani Regolazione della velocita'di efflusso della miscela aria-gas dalle uscite di fiamma di bruciatori a gas
US20110008737A1 (en) 2009-06-15 2011-01-13 General Electric Company Optical sensors for combustion control
US8505303B2 (en) 2009-12-11 2013-08-13 General Electric Company Impurity detection in combustor systems
DE202011005262U1 (de) * 2010-05-28 2011-12-22 Jaroslav Klouda Brenner mit Zündhilfe

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE8905014U1 (de) * 1988-04-28 1989-06-15 Joh. Vaillant Gmbh U. Co, 5630 Remscheid Vorrichtung zur Überwachung des Betriebes der Brennerplatte eines Flächenbrenners
DE19509704A1 (de) 1995-03-09 1996-09-12 Just Hans Juergen Dr Verfahren und Anordnung zur Überwachung und Regelung von Verbrennungsprozessen
US5829962A (en) 1996-05-29 1998-11-03 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et, L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Method and apparatus for optical flame control of combustion burners
DE19912076A1 (de) * 1999-03-18 2000-09-21 Kromschroeder Ag G Vormischbrenner für gasförmige Brennstoffe
EP2223016B1 (fr) 2007-12-19 2018-02-07 ABB Research Ltd. Dispositif de balayage de flamme et son procédé de fonctionnement
DE102019101329A1 (de) 2019-01-18 2020-07-23 Vaillant Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Regelung des Mischungsverhältnisses von Verbrennungsluft und Brenngas bei einem Verbrennungsprozess

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EP4008954A3 (fr) 2022-10-12
DE102020132434A1 (de) 2022-06-09

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