EP4010582A1 - Sitzplatte für einen injektor und verfahren zum herstellen einer solchen sitzplatte - Google Patents
Sitzplatte für einen injektor und verfahren zum herstellen einer solchen sitzplatteInfo
- Publication number
- EP4010582A1 EP4010582A1 EP20754227.5A EP20754227A EP4010582A1 EP 4010582 A1 EP4010582 A1 EP 4010582A1 EP 20754227 A EP20754227 A EP 20754227A EP 4010582 A1 EP4010582 A1 EP 4010582A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- insulating layer
- seat plate
- plate
- base body
- injector
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M65/00—Testing fuel-injection apparatus, e.g. testing injection timing ; Cleaning of fuel-injection apparatus
- F02M65/005—Measuring or detecting injection-valve lift, e.g. to determine injection timing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/10—Oxides, borides, carbides, nitrides or silicides; Mixtures thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/123—Spraying molten metal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/129—Flame spraying
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M47/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
- F02M47/02—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure of accumulator-injector type, i.e. having fuel pressure of accumulator tending to open, and fuel pressure in other chamber tending to close, injection valves and having means for periodically releasing that closing pressure
- F02M47/025—Hydraulically actuated valves draining the chamber to release the closing pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
- F02M63/0012—Valves
- F02M63/007—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of the groups F02M63/0014 - F02M63/0059
- F02M63/0077—Valve seat details
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
- F02M2200/80—Fuel injection apparatus manufacture, repair or assembly
- F02M2200/8046—Fuel injection apparatus manufacture, repair or assembly the manufacture involving injection moulding, e.g. of plastic or metal
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
- F02M2200/80—Fuel injection apparatus manufacture, repair or assembly
- F02M2200/8061—Fuel injection apparatus manufacture, repair or assembly involving press-fit, i.e. interference or friction fit
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
- F02M2200/90—Selection of particular materials
- F02M2200/9007—Ceramic materials
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
- F02M2200/90—Selection of particular materials
- F02M2200/9038—Coatings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
- F02M2200/90—Selection of particular materials
- F02M2200/9092—Sintered materials
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a seat plate for an injector and an injector with such a seat plate.
- the present invention also relates to a method for producing such a seat plate.
- fuel is usually injected into a combustion chamber via an injector in a certain amount and for a certain period of time. Because of the very short injection times, which are in the microsecond range, it is necessary to open or close the outlet opening of the injector at a very high frequency. For precise control of these closing times and for precise detection of an injector state, it is necessary to provide an injector state detection system so that a higher-level control unit receives all information about an individual injector, in particular information regarding its closing or opening times.
- Such an injector typically has a nozzle needle (also: injector needle), which is charged with a high pressure fuel Releasing an exit hole of the injector can occur to the outside.
- this nozzle needle acts like a plug which, when it is raised, enables the fuel to escape. Accordingly, it is therefore necessary to lift this needle at relatively short time intervals and to slide it back into the outlet opening again after a short time.
- Hydraulic servo valves can be used to trigger this movement. Such valves, in turn, are controlled with the aid of an electromagnet. Alternatively, a piezo element can be used which reacts faster than the valve controlled by means of an electromagnet.
- so-called servo valves are used, which control the nozzle needle and are themselves controlled via an electromagnetic valve or piezo valve.
- a control chamber that interacts with the nozzle needle, the fuel available under high pressure is used to build up a pressure level that acts on the nozzle needle in the closing direction.
- This control chamber is typically connected to the high pressure area of the fuel via an inlet throttle.
- this control chamber has a small, closable outlet throttle from which the fuel can escape. If he does this, the pressure in the control chamber and the closing force acting on the nozzle needle are reduced, since the fuel from the control chamber, which is under high pressure, can flow away. This results in a movement of the nozzle needle, which releases the outlet opening at the injector tip.
- the outlet throttle of the valve is either closed or opened with the help of an anchor element. Since the general principle of an injector for injecting fuel is known to the person skilled in the art, the functionality of this component will not be discussed in more detail. As already briefly outlined above, the injector status detection is of great importance for the controlled operation of the injector. With previous injectors it is not necessary or very expensive to provide a seat plate of the injector, which is electrically separated from the injector housing and conducts current at certain points so that the control valve and the nozzle needle arranged below are connected to the injector coil arranged above.
- the seat plate of the injector is accordingly a component which, according to the invention, is used both as a contact element for an injector coil and as an insulator for the injector housing. Furthermore, the seat plate contains a passage running from top to bottom, which is the outlet throttle of an injector.
- the control chamber located below is filled with fuel under high pressure via an inlet, so that the nozzle needle is forced into its closed position.
- the anchor element lifts from a passage opening, the fuel stored under high pressure flows out and reduces the force acting on the nozzle needle, so that it lifts from its outlet openings and fuel can flow out as a result.
- a seat plate that is particularly advantageous compared to the prior art, which ensures electrical separation of the seat plate from the injector housing and at the same time conducts current at certain points in order to connect the control valve and the nozzle needle to the injector coil, is shown in independent claim 1. Further advantageous configurations of the invention are set out in the dependent claims.
- a seat plate according to the invention for an injector has a plate-like base body with a first flat side, a second flat side and at least one circumferential surface connecting the two flat sides, a passage that extends through the plate-like base body from the first flat side to the second flat side extends, and an insulating layer which is arranged over the entire surface on the circumferential lateral surface and partially on at least one of the two flat sides of the plate-like base body, wherein the plate-like base body consists of an electrically conductive material.
- the invention is characterized in that the insulating layer comprises a ceramic or consists of this ceramic.
- the ceramic insulation layer improves the robustness and wear resistance of the insulation.
- the high-pressure tightness of the components can also be improved with a normally sealing injector concept.
- an insulator can be designed in such a way that the forces occurring during operation lead to increased compression and thus have a better seal with one another.
- the insulating layer is applied over the entire surface of the circumferential surface area and, with the exception of at least one contiguous insulating layer-free area, is arranged over the entire area on at least one of the two flat sides of the plate-like base body, and wherein the insulating layer preferably forms a contiguous area.
- This design ensures that only a small area is provided as a conductive contact in the flat side and the remainder is shielded in an electrically insulating manner. It is thus possible to run an electrical line through the seat plate, which allows an injector function to be monitored.
- the plate-like base body of the seat plate comprises or consists of hard metal, tungsten carbide and / or high-speed steel (HSS for high speed steel).
- the base body consists of hard metal and forms a tough core to absorb high forces and the brittle, wear-resistant ceramic layer, which acts as an electrical insulator, is arranged on its outer surface.
- the combination of a base body made of hard metal and a ceramic layer attached to it has proven to be particularly advantageous, since the two properties of the different substances complement each other particularly well.
- the insulating layer is preferably produced by means of two-component metal injection molding and / or thermal flame spraying.
- two-component metal injection molding one of the two components can form the insulating layer and the other of the two components can form the base body.
- the ceramic insulating layer is sprayed onto a preferably pretreated base body.
- the sprayed surface is not melted and only thermally stressed to a small extent.
- a layer formation takes place because the spray particles flatten more or less depending on the process and material when they hit the component surface, Remain adhered primarily through mechanical clamping and build up the sprayed layer in layers.
- the insulating layer is arranged next to the jacket surface only on one of the two flat sides, so that the ceramic insulating layer can be formed as a sleeve into which the plate-like base body can be inserted.
- the insulating layer is produced by a sintered-on film.
- the insulating layer is designed to prevent electrical conductivity.
- the plate-like base body is rotationally symmetrical or rotationally symmetrical with respect to an axis of rotation running centrally through the passage.
- a seat plate can thus be installed in an injector without any orientation. It is therefore not necessary, using positioning pins or the like, to maintain a specific alignment of the seat plate with respect to other injector components.
- the passage has a smaller opening on one of the two flat sides than on the other flat side, and the passage is preferably an outlet throttle of an injector.
- the invention also relates to a method for producing a seat plate according to one of the aspects discussed above, the plate-like base body being inserted into a sleeve and connected to it in order to produce the insulating layer.
- the plate-like base body being inserted into a sleeve and connected to it in order to produce the insulating layer.
- the invention further proposes producing the insulating layer or the base body and the insulating layer by means of two-component metal injection molding.
- the insulating layer can be produced by thermal flame spraying.
- the invention also relates to a fuel injector with a seat plate according to one of the aspects discussed above.
- the invention further comprises an engine with a fuel injector which has a seat plate according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 shows a partial sectional view of an injector 10 from the prior art.
- This injector has an inverse sealing concept, in which the sealing force decreases as the pressure in the injector increases.
- the invention also encompasses the use of an injector with a regular sealing concept in which the tightness increases as the pressure rises.
- the injector 10 can be seen, which has a housing 14 in which several injector components are arranged. Essential for the function of the injector 10 are the injector needle 15, the valve formed by armature 11 and seat plate 1, and the electromagnet 12, 13, which has a coil winding 16, an inner magnetic pole 12 and an outer magnetic pole 13.
- a recess is provided in the inner magnetic pole 12 for arranging the spring 17, which presses the armature element 11 in the direction of the valve in order to close the outlet throttle of the valve in a fluid-tight manner when the electromagnet 12, 13 is de-energized.
- the electromagnet 12, 13 If the electromagnet 12, 13 is activated, it pulls the armature element 11 away from the valve with the aid of magnetic force, so that fuel under high pressure can flow out of the passage 6 from a control chamber that can be closed by the valve. Since this reduces the pressure in the control chamber that acts on the injector needle 15, it can slide out of a closed position and enables fuel to be dispensed from the injector 10. If, on the other hand, the electromagnet 12, 13 is put into a de-energized state, the Magnetic force acting on the armature element 11 afterwards, so that the spring element 17 presses the armature element 11 onto the outlet opening of the valve and seals the control chamber or the passage 6.
- FIG. 2 shows the seat plate 1 according to the invention in a side view.
- the approximately plate-shaped base body 2 has an upper flat side 3 and a lower flat side 4.
- the lateral surface 5 of the plate-like base body 2 connects the upper and the lower flat side 3, 4 of the base body 2 with one another.
- the bold black marked insulating layer 7, which covers areas of the base body 2 for electrical insulation.
- the insulating layer 7 consists or comprises ceramic.
- the lower flat side 4 is free of the insulating layer 7 in the illustration. The same also applies to a contiguous area which is located on the upper flat side 3, which, with the exception of this contiguous area, is provided with the insulating layer 7 over the entire surface.
- the contiguous area on the upper flat side 3 free of an insulating layer makes it possible to create an electrically conductive connection from this area to the lower flat side 4 so that elements of an injector 10 arranged above and below can communicate with one another via electrical signals. This communication can also be limited to the detection of a state of the injector 10.
- Fig. 3 shows another seat plate 1 according to the invention in an injector 10. Unlike the seat plate 1 from FIG. 2, this seat plate 1 now also has an insulating layer on the lower side 4 of the base body 2. Thus, the lateral surface 5 extends on both flat sides 3, 4 each have an insulating layer on the inside, so that the insulation compared to the injector housing 14 is improved.
- the anchor element 11 for sealing the passage 6 is shown in its sealing position in the illustration, so that no fuel can flow out and the injector needle is pressed into its seat.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102019121538.2A DE102019121538A1 (de) | 2019-08-09 | 2019-08-09 | Sitzplatte für einen Injektor und Verfahren zum Herstellen einer solchen Sitzplatte |
| PCT/EP2020/072286 WO2021028349A1 (de) | 2019-08-09 | 2020-08-07 | Sitzplatte für einen injektor und verfahren zum herstellen einer solchen sitzplatte |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4010582A1 true EP4010582A1 (de) | 2022-06-15 |
| EP4010582B1 EP4010582B1 (de) | 2025-03-26 |
Family
ID=72046890
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP20754227.5A Active EP4010582B1 (de) | 2019-08-09 | 2020-08-07 | Sitzplatte für einen injektor und verfahren zum herstellen einer solchen sitzplatte |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4010582B1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102019121538A1 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES3026892T3 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2021028349A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102020108668A1 (de) | 2020-03-30 | 2021-09-30 | Liebherr-Components Deggendorf Gmbh | Nadelhubschalter und Kraftstoffinjektor mit einem solchen Nadelhubschalter |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4181010A (en) * | 1978-06-29 | 1980-01-01 | General Motors Corporation | Injection timing nozzle |
| JPS62284959A (ja) * | 1986-06-04 | 1987-12-10 | Nippon Kokan Kk <Nkk> | 燃料噴射弁の製造方法 |
| JPH09310660A (ja) * | 1996-05-21 | 1997-12-02 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 電磁式燃料噴射弁 |
| DE102009055156A1 (de) * | 2009-12-22 | 2011-06-30 | Robert Bosch GmbH, 70469 | 2K-MIM Techink zur Reduzierung der Wirbelströme |
| EP2397683B1 (de) * | 2010-06-18 | 2014-12-03 | Caterpillar Motoren GmbH & Co. KG | Einspritzdüsensystem |
| DE102011088132A1 (de) * | 2011-08-09 | 2013-02-14 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Magnetanker |
| DE102014200884A1 (de) * | 2014-01-20 | 2015-07-23 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Kraftstoffinjektor |
| DE102015211672A1 (de) * | 2015-06-24 | 2016-12-29 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Brennstoffeinspritzventil |
| WO2017167627A1 (fr) * | 2016-04-01 | 2017-10-05 | Delphi International Operations Luxembourg S.À R.L. | Injecteur de carburant |
| FR3050770B1 (fr) * | 2016-04-29 | 2019-12-20 | Delphi Technologies Ip Limited | Injecteur de carburant |
| DE102017116383A1 (de) * | 2017-07-20 | 2019-01-24 | Liebherr-Components Deggendorf Gmbh | Injektor zum Einspritzen von Krafstoff |
-
2019
- 2019-08-09 DE DE102019121538.2A patent/DE102019121538A1/de active Pending
-
2020
- 2020-08-07 ES ES20754227T patent/ES3026892T3/es active Active
- 2020-08-07 EP EP20754227.5A patent/EP4010582B1/de active Active
- 2020-08-07 WO PCT/EP2020/072286 patent/WO2021028349A1/de not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2021028349A1 (de) | 2021-02-18 |
| EP4010582B1 (de) | 2025-03-26 |
| ES3026892T3 (en) | 2025-06-12 |
| DE102019121538A1 (de) | 2021-02-11 |
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