EP4015657A1 - Traitement thermique des composants - Google Patents

Traitement thermique des composants Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4015657A1
EP4015657A1 EP21209527.7A EP21209527A EP4015657A1 EP 4015657 A1 EP4015657 A1 EP 4015657A1 EP 21209527 A EP21209527 A EP 21209527A EP 4015657 A1 EP4015657 A1 EP 4015657A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
component
furnace
components
oven
control station
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP21209527.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP4015657C0 (fr
EP4015657B1 (fr
Inventor
Andreas Reinartz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schwartz GmbH
Original Assignee
Schwartz GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP4015657A1 publication Critical patent/EP4015657A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4015657C0 publication Critical patent/EP4015657C0/fr
Publication of EP4015657B1 publication Critical patent/EP4015657B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0056—Furnaces through which the charge is moved in a horizontal straight path
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0062—Heat-treating apparatus with a cooling or quenching zone
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2221/00—Treating localised areas of an article

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for the thermal treatment of metallic components, in particular steel components for a motor vehicle.
  • steel components such as B-pillars are thermally treated differently in some areas. Accordingly, there is a different ductility in some areas, which is advantageous for the crash behavior of such components. For example, occupants can be protected by a hard area of the B-pillar at seat height, while soft areas in the upper and lower areas of the B-pillar absorb energy through deformation.
  • components can be thermally treated.
  • the components are preferably steel components.
  • the steel is preferably 22MnB5.
  • components for a motor vehicle, in particular B-pillars can be thermally treated using the method described.
  • the components are preferably press-hardened in a press and, to this extent, hot-formed.
  • the method preferably includes, for each of the components, as a further step that the component is transferred to a press after the thermal treatment and is press-hardened there.
  • the process described is a process for the thermal treatment and press hardening of metallic components.
  • the method comprises steps a) to d). These are carried out in the specified order for a specific component.
  • a plurality of components are preferably thermally treated in succession, with the thermal treatment of a component being started before the thermal treatment of a preceding component is completed.
  • steps a) to d) the component runs through the first furnace and the temperature control station.
  • the first furnace and the temperature control station are different components that are spatially separated from one another.
  • the component is heated in the first furnace, preferably to a temperature above the austenitization temperature of the component.
  • the heating preferably takes place at a temperature above the AC3 temperature of the component.
  • a furnace is a device that is brought to an adjustable temperature inside and into which a component can be placed. Over time, the component takes on the temperature prevailing inside the furnace. The heat is transferred to the component by thermal radiation.
  • the first furnace is preferably a continuous furnace.
  • a continuous furnace is a furnace through which the component can be moved, with the component being heated as it passes through the furnace.
  • the first furnace is preferably a roller hearth furnace.
  • the component is preferably by burners, in particular gas burner, heated. As a result, the component can have a particularly evenly distributed temperature.
  • the entire component is heated in the first oven.
  • the component is completely taken up by the first furnace.
  • heating by a particularly large temperature difference can be achieved with an oven.
  • a component With an oven, a component can be heated in particular from room temperature to a temperature in the AC3 temperature range of the component. Such extensive heating is not possible with many other heating methods, or at least not without disproportionate effort.
  • Heating in a furnace is particularly in contrast to heating by so-called "direct energization". This would make it difficult to heat the component evenly and by a sufficiently high amount. In the case of direct energization, the speed of heating is more important. In addition, direct energization requires contact with the component. In step a) of the method described, the heating preferably takes place without contact. This does not preclude the component from being moved through the first oven with transport rollers and in this respect being in contact with the transport rollers. The heating is contactless if the heat input into the component takes place via a gas and/or thermal radiation.
  • step b) the component is held at the outlet of the first furnace in such a way that a first region of the component cools outside the first furnace, while a second region of the component remains inside the first furnace.
  • the component is at rest. It is located at the outlet of the first oven for a treatment time such that the component is partly inside and partly outside the first oven.
  • the part of the component held outside the first furnace in step b) is the first region of the component.
  • the part of the component held within the first furnace in step b) is the second region of the component.
  • the component therefore protrudes from the outlet of the first furnace.
  • the protruding first area of the component cools down. This can be done in that the component emits heat via radiation.
  • the component can be moved in a transport direction through the first furnace and all subsequent elements of the device. It is preferred that the first area of the component is arranged in front of the second area of the component in the transport direction. This means that the first area leaves the first oven first. A dividing line between the first area and the second area particularly preferably runs transversely to the transport direction. The method described is particularly suitable for such components because these components can be held particularly easily at the outlet of the first furnace according to step b).
  • the second region remaining in the first oven is exposed to a higher temperature than the first region.
  • the temperature of the second area in step b) can increase, remain constant or decrease. If the temperature of the second area falls, however, this will in any case take place more slowly than the cooling of the first area.
  • the first region has a first temperature and the second region has a second temperature, the first temperature being lower than the second temperature, preferably by at least 100 K.
  • the first area and the second area are preferably each contiguous areas.
  • the component preferably has exactly one first area, exactly one second area, a transition area between the first area and the second area and no other areas beyond that.
  • the simplest way to subdivide the component into two areas is to implement step b).
  • the first area and/or the second area can be composed of a plurality of non-contiguous partial areas. This can be realized by a corresponding design of the outlet of the first furnace.
  • step b) of the method the component is transferred from the first oven to the temperature control station.
  • “From the first oven” refers to the position in which the component was held for step b). So it is not necessary for that to happen Component at the beginning of step c) is completely in the first oven.
  • the transfer according to step c) preferably takes place directly from the first furnace into the temperature control station. This means that the component does not pass through any other element between the first oven and the temperature control station.
  • the tempering station is located downstream of the first furnace in the transport direction.
  • the component can cool down during the transfer according to step b).
  • the component is preferably not actively cooled or heated during the transfer according to step b). This means that the component only cools down through radiation during the transfer.
  • step d) the component is thermally treated differently locally in the temperature control station.
  • a temperature difference of at least 200 K is preferably achieved between different areas of the component.
  • Steps b) and d) bring about a locally different thermal treatment of the component, which is divided into two steps. This division can speed up the process as a whole. This is particularly the case when the components are partially thermally treated with overlapping times. In this way, the components can be introduced into the first oven one after the other. Before a first component has reached the exit of the first oven, a following second component can be introduced into the first oven. This is the case in particular with a continuous furnace, through which a large number of components can be conveyed one after the other at the same time. As soon as the first component has reached the outlet of the first furnace, it can be treated there in accordance with step b). Meanwhile, the second component can still be transported through the first furnace.
  • the first component Before the second component reaches the outlet of the first oven, the first component can be transferred from the first oven to the temperature control station.
  • the first component can be thermally treated in step d) in the tempering station, while the second component is thermally treated according to step b) at the outlet of the first furnace.
  • the first component Before a third component reaches the outlet of the first oven, the first component can be removed from the temperature control station and the second component can be transferred from the first oven into the temperature control station. This process can be continued for any number of components.
  • the process time for the locally different thermal treatment to the extent that two components can be thermally treated differently locally at the same time.
  • Step b) can be understood as a local pre-cooling, which reduces the treatment time in the temperature control station. Since step b) can be carried out for a component while the preceding component is being thermally treated in accordance with step d) in the tempering station, the overall time for the locally different thermal treatment is reduced.
  • the locally different thermal treatment in step d) can take place in that the temperature difference previously set in step c) is increased. However, it is not necessary for the first area to be treated uniformly in step d) and/or for the second area to be treated uniformly in step d).
  • the locally different thermal treatment in step d) can also take place by dividing the component into different areas in a different way than for step b). This is particularly advantageous insofar as a more precise subdivision of the component into areas is possible in the temperature control station.
  • the tempering station also allows the shape of the areas of the component to be freely designed, while the design of the outlet of the first oven restricts the subdivision for step b). It can thus be possible that in step b) between the first area and the second area only a straight dividing line perpendicular to the transport direction is possible.
  • step d) the first area and the second area of the component are thermally treated differently.
  • steps b) and d) there is a locally different thermal treatment with the same subdivision of the component into regions.
  • the locally different thermal treatment from step b) is intensified in step d).
  • the two steps complement each other particularly well.
  • a temperature difference obtained in step b) is not partially canceled again in step d).
  • a particularly sharp division into the first area and the second area can thus be obtained.
  • a temperature of the second region of the component in steps b) and/or d) is kept within 200 K, in particular 150 K, of the value present at the start of step b).
  • the "and" case is preferred.
  • the temperature of the second region is preferably kept so high that dissolution of previously formed austenite is avoided.
  • the second area thus has lower ductility and higher strength.
  • the crash properties can be adjusted in a targeted manner.
  • the temperature of the second region in steps b) to d) is preferably kept so high that the dissolution of austenite is avoided.
  • the first furnace is a continuous furnace, through which the component is conveyed in step a), the component for step b) being stopped at the outlet of the first furnace.
  • the components can be conveyed through the first furnace one after the other. In this way, a large number of components can be thermally treated automatically.
  • step b) the movement of the component is stopped so that the component is at rest during the duration of step b). This is advantageous because it achieves a particularly sharp separation between the first area and the second area can. If the component were still moving during the duration of step b), the temperature in the component would decrease continuously over a larger transition area from the second area to the first area.
  • a transition area can arise in particular if a part of the component that is at the front in the transport direction begins to cool down earlier than a following part when it leaves the first furnace.
  • the component is preferably partially moved out of the first furnace as quickly as possible and stopped as abruptly as possible.
  • the embodiment of the method is preferred in which the component for step b) is stopped by a stopper at the outlet of the first furnace.
  • the component can be stopped particularly quickly by the stopper.
  • the stopper is preferably movable in such a way that the stopper can block the path of the component for step b) and can open the path of the component after step b).
  • step b) is carried out in such a way that the first region cools to a temperature in the range from 500 to 750.degree.
  • the first oven, the temperature control station and the second oven are three different components that are spatially separated from each other.
  • the component can cool down during the transfer from the transfer station to the second oven. This is in contrast to an approach where all process steps are performed in the same facility whenever possible without having to transfer the component.
  • the second furnace is preferably a continuous furnace.
  • the second furnace is preferably a roller hearth furnace.
  • the entire component is thermally treated in the second furnace.
  • the component is completely taken up by the second furnace.
  • the thermal treatment in an oven stands in particular in contrast to a heating by the so-called "direct energization".
  • the heating in the second oven preferably takes place without contact.
  • the second oven is preferably arranged downstream of the tempering station in the transport direction. If the device has a press, the press is preferably arranged downstream of the second furnace in the direction of transport.
  • the component Due to the thermal treatment in the second furnace, the component receives a different temperature in the first area and in the second area than would otherwise be the case. As a result, after the conclusion of the pressing process, the structure desired in each case is present with the desired strength values in the first area and in the second area. In this respect, the present embodiment is aimed at applications in which corresponding structural compositions are desired.
  • the renewed thermal treatment in the second oven also reduces a temperature difference between different areas of the component. Due to the lower temperature difference between the areas, the geometric distortion of the components is reduced. In addition, it is achieved that the components can lie flat on a roller hearth and can be reliably picked up by a press feed system.
  • the first component can be transferred from the temperature control station to the second oven if the second component is transferred from the first oven to the temperature control station.
  • the first component can then be thermally treated in the second furnace, while the second component is thermally treated in the tempering station and the third component is thermally treated at the outlet of the first furnace.
  • a device for the thermal treatment of metallic components is presented as a further aspect of the invention.
  • the device includes a first furnace, a temperature control station and a control device.
  • the control device is set up to carry out the method described.
  • the advantages and features of the method are applicable and transferable to the device and vice versa.
  • the method is preferably carried out using the device.
  • the device preferably has transport means with which the components can be transported through the device.
  • the device can have transport rollers as means of transport, via which the components can be transported through the first oven, the temperature control station and, if present, the second oven and the press.
  • the device is preferably designed in such a way that the first oven, the temperature control station and, if necessary, the second oven and/or the press can be passed through in the order mentioned, without further elements being passed through in between.
  • the device also has a transfer device for transferring the components from the first oven into the temperature control station, the transfer device having a stopper for stopping the components at the outlet of the first oven.
  • the transfer device can be part of the means of transport described above.
  • the part of the means of transport arranged between the first furnace and the temperature control station can be regarded as a transfer device.
  • the device 1 also has conveying means 12 . These serve to convey the components 2 through the device 1 with their elements.
  • the transport direction is in 1 left to right.
  • the first furnace 3 and the second furnace 6 are each designed as a continuous furnace.
  • the components 2 can be conveyed through the first furnace 3 and through the second furnace 6 by the means of conveyance 12 .
  • the part of the means of transport 12 arranged between the first oven 3 and the temperature control station 5 is a transfer device 13 for transferring the components 2 from the first oven 3 to the temperature control station 5.
  • a component 2 is—as indicated by an arrow—conveyed through the first furnace 3 (step a)).
  • a second component 2 has been stopped by a stopper 9 and is at rest at the exit 4 of the first furnace 3 (step b)).
  • a third component 2 is thermally treated differently locally in the temperature control station 5 using the nozzle 8 and a heating device (not shown) (step d)).
  • a fourth component 2 is—as indicated by an arrow—conveyed through the second oven 6 (step f)).
  • Each component 2 is conveyed through the first furnace 3 in step a) and stopped at the exit 4 of the first furnace 3 for step b).
  • the transfer device 13 has a stopper 9 for this purpose.
  • the stopper 9 can be moved in such a way that the stopper 9 can be moved into the transport path of the component 2 in order to stop a component 2 .
  • the stopper 9 can be moved out of the transport path in order to clear the way for the component 2 again.
  • step d) the first area 10 and the second area 11 of the component 2 are thermally treated differently in the temperature control station 5 .
  • the first area 10 of the component 2 is cooled with the nozzle 8 of the temperature control station 5, while the temperature of the second area 11 of the component 2 is kept within a window of +/-150 K around the value present at the beginning of step b).
  • step d) too, the temperature of the second region 11 of the component 2 is kept within a window of +/-150 K around the value present at the beginning of step b).
  • the 2 shows a temperature profile for the for 1 described procedure.
  • the temperature of component 2 is shown versus time t.
  • the treatment time in the first furnace 3 is given as t O1
  • the duration of step b) is given as a holding time tH.
  • the transfer time from the first oven 3 to the temperature control station 5 is specified as t t1 , the treatment time in the temperature control station 5 as t temp , the transfer time from the temperature control station 5 to the second oven 6 as t t2 and the treatment time in the second oven 6 as t O2 .
  • Due to the different thermal treatment of the component 2 in during the holding time t H the temperature profile shown splits with the holding time t H into the temperature T 1 of the first area 10 and the temperature T 2 of the second area 11 .
  • the component 2 is transferred from the second furnace 6 into a press (not shown in the figures) and formed there.
  • the component is cooled as quickly as possible in a water-cooled tool, for example.
  • step d By holding the component 2 at the outlet 4 of the first furnace 3, the process is accelerated to the extent that a component 2 can be pre-cooled according to step b), while the preceding component 2 is thermally treated in the tempering station 5 according to step d).

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
EP21209527.7A 2020-12-15 2021-11-22 Traitement thermique de composants Active EP4015657B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102020133461.3A DE102020133461A1 (de) 2020-12-15 2020-12-15 Thermisches Behandeln von Bauteilen

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4015657A1 true EP4015657A1 (fr) 2022-06-22
EP4015657C0 EP4015657C0 (fr) 2024-07-31
EP4015657B1 EP4015657B1 (fr) 2024-07-31

Family

ID=78725301

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP21209527.7A Active EP4015657B1 (fr) 2020-12-15 2021-11-22 Traitement thermique de composants

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4015657B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102020133461A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2988738T3 (fr)
HU (1) HUE068787T2 (fr)
PL (1) PL4015657T3 (fr)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2336374A1 (fr) * 2009-12-16 2011-06-22 Schwartz, Eva Procédé et dispositif destinés au chauffage et au refroidissement partiel de pièces usinées dans un four à passage continu
WO2017129599A1 (fr) * 2016-01-25 2017-08-03 Schwartz Gmbh Procédé et dispositif de traitement thermique d'une pièce métallique
DE102016118252A1 (de) * 2016-09-27 2018-03-29 Schwartz Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Wärmebehandlung eines metallischen Bauteils

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2336374A1 (fr) * 2009-12-16 2011-06-22 Schwartz, Eva Procédé et dispositif destinés au chauffage et au refroidissement partiel de pièces usinées dans un four à passage continu
WO2017129599A1 (fr) * 2016-01-25 2017-08-03 Schwartz Gmbh Procédé et dispositif de traitement thermique d'une pièce métallique
DE102016118252A1 (de) * 2016-09-27 2018-03-29 Schwartz Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Wärmebehandlung eines metallischen Bauteils

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP4015657C0 (fr) 2024-07-31
PL4015657T3 (pl) 2024-12-02
DE102020133461A1 (de) 2022-06-15
ES2988738T3 (es) 2024-11-21
EP4015657B1 (fr) 2024-07-31
HUE068787T2 (hu) 2025-01-28

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