EP4015982A1 - Emissionskontrolle für geschosse - Google Patents

Emissionskontrolle für geschosse Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4015982A1
EP4015982A1 EP20275184.8A EP20275184A EP4015982A1 EP 4015982 A1 EP4015982 A1 EP 4015982A1 EP 20275184 A EP20275184 A EP 20275184A EP 4015982 A1 EP4015982 A1 EP 4015982A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
source
radiation
emission
projectile
profile
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP20275184.8A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
designation of the inventor has not yet been filed The
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BAE Systems PLC
Original Assignee
BAE Systems PLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BAE Systems PLC filed Critical BAE Systems PLC
Priority to EP20275184.8A priority Critical patent/EP4015982A1/de
Publication of EP4015982A1 publication Critical patent/EP4015982A1/de
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
    • F42B12/38—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information of tracer type
    • F42B12/382—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information of tracer type emitting an electromagnetic radiation, e.g. laser beam or infrared emission
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
    • F42B12/365—Projectiles transmitting information to a remote location using optical or electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
    • F42B12/42—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information of illuminating type, e.g. carrying flares

Definitions

  • aspects relate, in general, to the control of emission characteristics of a projectile, and more specifically, although not exclusively to control of a source of electromagnetic radiation provided in a projectile.
  • a projectile such as a bullet
  • a projectile can be propelled from the barrel of a gun using propellant in the form of, e.g., a chemical explosive.
  • Some projectiles typically termed tracers or tracer rounds, can be used to provide a visible trajectory to enable the flight path of the projectile to be determined. The visible trajectory thus enables a user to visualise the path of the projectile, and to make ballistic alterations so as to correct the flight path and thus ultimately the end impact point of the projectile.
  • Such projectiles can comprise a pyrotechnic composition that is ignited when the round is fired. The composition is such that the visible trajectory can be seen by the naked eye in daylight as well as night-time.
  • the pyrotechnic composition being incendiary in nature, can be unintentionally ignited. Furthermore, such compositions can be unreliable in terms of, e.g., the nature of light produced and the duration over which the composition burns due to variations that may occur during manufacture or storage.
  • a method for modifying the emission profile of a source of electromagnetic radiation in a non-incendiary projectile comprising receiving data defining the emission profile at a controller configured to control the output of the source of EM radiation, and using the data, applying emission settings of the source of EM radiation at the controller.
  • the emission settings can comprise at least one of a: brightness profile, wavelength emission profile, pulse profile, and timing profile.
  • a brightness profile can define a measure of brightness of the source of EM radiation over a preselected period of time.
  • a wavelength emission profile can define an emission wavelength of the source of EM radiation over a preselected period of time.
  • a pulse profile can define a regular or irregular series of emissions of the source of EM radiation over a preselected period of time.
  • the source of EM radiation can enter a non-emissive state in periods between the series of emissions, i.e., it can be switched off.
  • the timing profile can define a start time and/or an end time for the output of the source of EM radiation.
  • the source of EM radiation comprises one or more LEDs and/or laser diodes.
  • the emission settings can be applied over a physical communications link to the projectile.
  • the emission settings can be applied over a wireless communications link to the projectile.
  • the emission settings can be applied using the data.
  • the wavelength emission profile can define a change in the emission wavelength of the source of EM radiation over a preselected period of time.
  • One or more of multiple sources of EM radiation can be selectively energised, wherein the multiple sources of EM radiation are configured to emit EM radiation at respective selected wavelengths.
  • the emission profile can encode a data stream to be transmitted from the source.
  • the emission profile can define a randomly modulated emission characteristic of the source.
  • a projectile comprising a source of electromagnetic radiation, and a controller to receive data defining an emission profile, the controller configured to regulate an output of the source of EM radiation using the data, and apply emission settings for the source of EM radiation.
  • the source of EM radiation can comprise one or more LEDs and/or laser diodes.
  • the projectile can further comprise a physical communications link.
  • the projectile can further comprise a wireless communications link.
  • the controller is configured to regulate or drive the source of EM radiation according to the emission profile by selectively energising the source of EM radiation.
  • An electrical contact communicatively coupled to the controller can be provided, the contact disposed on or within a portion of the surface of the projectile. The contact can extend circumferentially around the surface of the projectile.
  • the controller can comprise a memory configured to store data to map an emission profile to an emission setting.
  • a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium encoded with instructions for modifying the emission profile of a source of electromagnetic radiation in a non-incendiary projectile, the instructions executable by a processor of a machine whereby to cause the machine to receive data defining the emission profile at a controller configured to control the output of the source of EM radiation, and using the data, apply emission settings of the source of EM radiation at the controller.
  • the non-transitory machine-readable storage medium can comprise further instructions executable by a processor of a machine whereby to cause the machine to map an emission profile to an emission setting; selectively energise one or more of multiple sources of EM radiation, wherein the multiple sources of EM radiation are configured to emit EM radiation at respective selected wavelengths.
  • pyrotechnic compositions in, e.g., incendiary tracers means that the location of the shooter can easily be determined by simple visual inspection of the starting point of the visible path that has been caused by ignition of the pyrotechnic agent in question, particularly since the light that is emitted is visible over a large number of viewing angles due to scattering of light in the smoke trail resulting from combustion of the pyrotechnic composition. This can be detrimental to a user if there are hostile observers in the vicinity. Nevertheless, the pyrotechnic compositions used are generally incapable of being modified or tuned to overcome this drawback. Furthermore, since the pyrotechnic composition is gradually exhausted as the tracer is in flight, the trajectory will alter in a manner that is different to that of non-tracer projectiles. This is in addition to the issue noted above with respect to storage and manufacture.
  • Non-incendiary tracers - that is, tracers that do not use pyrotechnic compositions to generate a visible path of the trajectory of the tracer - can be utilised.
  • a source of electromagnetic radiation such as a rearwardly directed electrically powered light source that is configured to emit light as the tracer is in flight, can be used.
  • the light source can be powered using a battery, such as a coin cell battery for example, which is also capable of providing power for any driving circuitry.
  • a method for modifying the emission profile of a source of electromagnetic radiation in a non-incendiary projectile can comprise a light source, such as an LED or laser diode, or multiple LEDs/laser diodes.
  • a source can comprise a single device configured to emit EM radiation, or multiple devices each of which is capable of emitting EM radiation in the same or multiple wavelength bands/ranges of the EM spectrum.
  • the method comprises receiving data defining the emission profile at a controller configured to control the output of the source of EM radiation, and, using the data, applying emission settings of the source of EM radiation at the controller. Accordingly, the output of the source of electromagnetic radiation can be controlled according to an emission profile.
  • an emission profile can define multiple emission settings for the source of EM radiation.
  • emission settings can comprise, for example, settings to regulate one or more of a brightness profile, wavelength emission profile, pulse profile, and timing profile of the source of EM radiation.
  • the controller can control, set or drive the emission settings of the source of EM radiation.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a projectile according to an example.
  • Projectile 100 comprises a source of EM radiation 101, such as an LED, laser diode, or multiple LEDs or laser diodes.
  • the source 101 is arranged to emit from the rear (i.e., the trailing end) 103 of the projectile 100.
  • the source 101 is communicatively coupled to a controller 105.
  • the controller 105 can receive data 107 from an external source 109.
  • Data 107 received by controller 105 can be used to select and/or apply emission settings for the source 101. That is, the data 105 can comprise an emission profile that defines one or more emission characteristics of the source 101. For example, an emission colour, length of time for emission, pulse rate and so on.
  • the controller 105 can use the data 105 representing the emission profile to determine a set of emission settings for the source 101. For example, the controller 105 can map the emission settings to one or more commands (e.g., using a look up table) used to control or drive the output of the source 101 in order to enable its output to be regulated according to the emission profile. So, for example, if an emission profile is received that requires the source 101 to output at full power for 10s, the controller 105 can use this information to determine a power setting for the source 105 (e.g., 100% power output) for a given period of time (i.e., 10s).
  • an emission profile can comprise a set of instructions (e.g., in the form of a marked-up listing of emission characteristics for the source). The instructions can be interpreted by the controller 105 in order to appropriately regulate or drive the output of the source 101.
  • a source 101 can comprise one or more LEDs.
  • An LED can emit at a selected wavelength, which can be in the visible or non-visible parts of the EM spectrum. Multiple LEDs can emit at respective different wavelengths.
  • an emission setting can include selecting an emission wavelength, which may be switched over time in order to vary the wavelength at which the source 101 emits.
  • source 101 may comprise two LEDs, one of which is configured to emit EM radiation in the visible part of the spectrum, the other of which is configured to emit infra-red.
  • An emission profile may call for emission of visible light (e.g., blue) from a first LED for a predetermined time, followed by emission of infra-red from a second LED (at which point emission from the first LED can cease for example).
  • a brightness profile for source 101 defines a measure of brightness over a preselected period of time.
  • the average output power of the source can be controlled by, e.g., pulsing a source on/off so that, on average over a given period of time, a desired power level is output. That is, the output of the source can be pulse-width modulated (PWM).
  • PWM pulse-width modulated
  • a wavelength emission profile can define an emission wavelength of the source of EM radiation over a preselected period of time.
  • a single source may be capable of emitting EM radiation over multiple wavelength bands of the EM spectrum, and it may therefore be possible to switch between emission bands.
  • the source comprises multiple LEDs
  • at least some of the LEDs can be configured to emit in different wavelength bands. Accordingly, it is possible to switch between bands by turning an LED on/off as appropriate.
  • a pulse profile defines a regular or irregular series of emissions of the source of EM radiation over a preselected period of time.
  • a series of emissions can be random.
  • a pulse profile can be defined by a set of random numbers that define respective pulse durations (similarly, such a random sequence may be used to define a series of brightness values and so on). Accordingly, given a set of random numbers, generated computationally or using a physical method, between predetermined minimum and maximum values, the set of values generated, which may be normalised, can be used to provide a set of pulse durations. If a pseudorandom number generator, for example, is seeded with a known seed value, the set of pulse durations can be known and thus reproducible to a user of the system but not known to other observers.
  • the pseudorandom number generator's number sequence is determined by the seed, a generator can be reinitialized with the same seed in order to produce the same sequence of numbers.
  • the output of a source according to an example can be determined by a user, but remain unknown to other observers. This can be used to enable the user to determine the authenticity of a projectile for example, and may be used to prevent spoofing or jamming.
  • a random pulse profile can therefore be validated using the known seed in order to verify the authenticity of the projectile.
  • a pulse profile can be synchronised with a detection system.
  • a detector can be synchronised in order to detect only at the times that the source is configured to emit. This can help to prevent jamming of a detector by observers, for example, since the intervals within which malicious signals may be detected by the detector is reduced.
  • a pulse profile can be used as a communication mechanism.
  • a set of pulses emitted from the source can form a data stream.
  • the data stream can comprise, for example, a projectile identification, which may be used to validate the authenticity of the projectile. Other information may be conveyed using this method.
  • data may be conveyed using a brightness profile of the source such that different brightness levels emitted map to different data bits for example.
  • an emission profile may call for brightness to vary over a particular time period in combination with pulsing and wavelength changes. That is, an emission profile can comprise a combination of multiple settings for a source. Such combinations can be used to improve the detectability of the emissions by a user, reduce the detectability of the emissions by a potentially hostile observer, serve to reduce the likelihood of detection of the position of the user (from which the projectile was fired for example), preserve battery life, communicate data, authenticate a projectile, and so on.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a projectile according to example.
  • data 107 is received for the external source over a physical communications link 201 of the projectile 200.
  • projectile 200 can comprise an interface, which may be a serial pr parallel interface, to enable e.g., duplex communication between the external source 109 and the controller 105.
  • controller 105 can receive data over the interface and may be able to transmit data over the interface (e.g., in the form of a confirmation of receipt message, and/or a confirmation of setting applied and so on).
  • the physical link 201, forming the interface may be in the form of a plug socket or a set of electrical contacts for example.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of a projectile according to example.
  • data 107 is received for the external source over a wireless communications link 301 of the projectile 300.
  • wireless link 301 of projectile 300 can comprise a radiofrequency (RF) communication module to enable short-range RF communications to/from projectile 300 using, e.g., Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, near-field communication (NFC), ultra-wideband (UWB) and so on.
  • RF radiofrequency
  • controller 105 can receive data wirelessly over the wireless link 301 and may be able to transmit data over the wireless link (e.g., in the form of a confirmation of receipt message, and/or a confirmation of setting applied and so on, as described above).
  • emission settings can be applied using data received over the corresponding communication system.
  • a source may be used as a wireless link.
  • exposure of a source to EM radiation can cause a current to be generated therein, which can be detected by the controller. It is therefore possible that the source can be used to provide data to the controller comprising a set of instructions which can be used to trigger the controller to define the emission characteristics of the source.
  • Transmission of data to projectile 200, 300 can occur using a device that it configured to propel the projectile, e.g., a gun.
  • the device can comprise a wireless or near-field module configured to interact with the wireless link 301 in order to transmit/receive data.
  • a set of contacts of the device e.g., in a barrel or chamber thereof
  • the contacts in the case of the physical link 201 may be circumferential contacts around the projectile for example, thereby enabling easy connection with corresponding contacts on the device.
  • the converse may be used (i.e., circumferential contacts in, e.g., barrel of gun etc.).
  • a projectile as described herein can comprise a calibration and/or test mode of operation.
  • the functions of a projectile comprising a system as described herein can be tested to ensure that it operates correctly/within acceptable tolerances.
  • a non-destructive test can be performed in which source 101 is configured to emit in a predefined manner, such as by way of a predefined number of pulses and/or brightness and/or wavelength and so on. In this way, it is possible to test and confirm that the system of the projectile is operating as expected. Such testing may occur in the field.
  • a signal received by controller 105 can be used to trigger a test and/or calibration mode of operation in which a particular set of emissions from the source, resulting from receipt of the signal at the controller, can be used for the purposes of verification and/or troubleshooting.
  • a sequence of pulses can indicate correct operation or can define a fault code, which may be used to determine the cause of a fault.
  • Examples in the present disclosure can be provided as methods, systems or machine-readable instructions, such as any combination of software, hardware, firmware or the like.
  • Such machine-readable instructions may be included on a computer readable storage medium (including but not limited to disc storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) having computer readable program codes therein or thereon.
  • the machine-readable instructions may, for example, be executed by a general-purpose computer, a special purpose computer, an embedded processor or processors of other programmable data processing devices to realize the functions described in the description and diagrams.
  • a processor or processing apparatus may execute the machine-readable instructions.
  • modules of apparatus may be implemented by a processor executing machine readable instructions stored in a memory, or a processor operating in accordance with instructions embedded in logic circuitry.
  • the term 'processor' is to be interpreted broadly to include a CPU, processing unit, ASIC, logic unit, or programmable gate set etc.
  • the methods and modules may all be performed by a single processor or divided amongst several processors.
  • Such machine-readable instructions may also be stored in a computer readable storage that can guide the computer or other programmable data processing devices to operate in a specific mode.
  • the instructions may be provided on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium encoded with instructions, executable by a processor.
  • Such machine-readable instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing devices, so that the computer or other programmable data processing devices perform a series of operations to produce computer-implemented processing, thus the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable devices provide a operation for realizing functions specified by flow(s) in the flow charts and/or block(s) in the block diagrams.
  • Controller 105 comprises a processor 401 and a memory 403 storing instructions 405.
  • controller 105 can be provided as part of a projectile, such as a projectile described with reference to figure 1 to 3 for example.
  • the instructions 405 are executable by the processor 401.
  • the memory 403 can store a look up table, which can be used to map an emission profile to one or more emission settings.
  • Controller 105 comprises a driver 409.
  • Driver 409 can be used to drive the output of a source.
  • driver 409 can be used to supply power to source 101.
  • the instructions 405 can comprise instructions to receive data defining the emission profile at a controller configured to control the output of the source of EM radiation, and using the data, apply emission settings of the source of EM radiation at the controller; map an emission profile to an emission setting; and, selectively energise one or more of multiple sources of EM radiation, wherein the multiple sources of EM radiation are configured to emit EM radiation at respective selected wavelengths.
  • teachings herein may be implemented in the form of a computer software product, the computer software product being stored in a storage medium and comprising a plurality of instructions for making a computer device implement the methods recited in the examples of the present disclosure.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
EP20275184.8A 2020-12-16 2020-12-16 Emissionskontrolle für geschosse Ceased EP4015982A1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20275184.8A EP4015982A1 (de) 2020-12-16 2020-12-16 Emissionskontrolle für geschosse

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20275184.8A EP4015982A1 (de) 2020-12-16 2020-12-16 Emissionskontrolle für geschosse

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EP4015982A1 true EP4015982A1 (de) 2022-06-22

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EP20275184.8A Ceased EP4015982A1 (de) 2020-12-16 2020-12-16 Emissionskontrolle für geschosse

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0894237B1 (de) * 1996-04-18 2001-12-12 Bofors Defence AB Waffenlauf mit mitteln zum programmieren eines geschosszünders
US7900619B1 (en) * 2007-02-07 2011-03-08 Sierra Innotek, Inc. System for luminescing and propelling a projectile
EP3173729A1 (de) * 2015-11-26 2017-05-31 Diehl Defence GmbH & Co. KG Lichtoptische irritationseinrichtung
WO2018091873A1 (en) * 2016-11-15 2018-05-24 Bae Systems Plc Electric tracer munition

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0894237B1 (de) * 1996-04-18 2001-12-12 Bofors Defence AB Waffenlauf mit mitteln zum programmieren eines geschosszünders
US7900619B1 (en) * 2007-02-07 2011-03-08 Sierra Innotek, Inc. System for luminescing and propelling a projectile
EP3173729A1 (de) * 2015-11-26 2017-05-31 Diehl Defence GmbH & Co. KG Lichtoptische irritationseinrichtung
WO2018091873A1 (en) * 2016-11-15 2018-05-24 Bae Systems Plc Electric tracer munition

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