EP4037785A1 - Palme à lame moulée longitudinalement - Google Patents

Palme à lame moulée longitudinalement

Info

Publication number
EP4037785A1
EP4037785A1 EP20871092.1A EP20871092A EP4037785A1 EP 4037785 A1 EP4037785 A1 EP 4037785A1 EP 20871092 A EP20871092 A EP 20871092A EP 4037785 A1 EP4037785 A1 EP 4037785A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
blade
foot pocket
shore hardness
foot
fin
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP20871092.1A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP4037785A4 (fr
Inventor
Andrzej Swinarew
Andrzej Ostrowski
Tadeusz AMBROZY
Olexander Skaliy
Jadwiga Gabor
Arkadiusz Stanula
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego Im J Kukuczki W Katowicach
Uniwersystet Slaski w Katowicach
Original Assignee
Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego Im J Kukuczki W Katowicach
Uniwersystet Slaski w Katowicach
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from PL431365A external-priority patent/PL235659B1/pl
Priority claimed from PL431361A external-priority patent/PL235656B1/pl
Priority claimed from PL431358A external-priority patent/PL235654B1/pl
Priority claimed from PL431360A external-priority patent/PL235655B1/pl
Priority claimed from PL431366A external-priority patent/PL235660B1/pl
Priority claimed from PL431364A external-priority patent/PL235658B1/pl
Priority claimed from PL431363A external-priority patent/PL235657B1/pl
Application filed by Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego Im J Kukuczki W Katowicach, Uniwersystet Slaski w Katowicach filed Critical Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego Im J Kukuczki W Katowicach
Publication of EP4037785A1 publication Critical patent/EP4037785A1/fr
Publication of EP4037785A4 publication Critical patent/EP4037785A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B31/00—Swimming aids
    • A63B31/08—Swim fins, flippers or other swimming aids held by, or attachable to, the hands, arms, feet or legs
    • A63B31/10—Swim fins, flippers or other swimming aids held by, or attachable to, the hands, arms, feet or legs held by, or attachable to, the hands or feet
    • A63B31/11—Swim fins, flippers or other swimming aids held by, or attachable to, the hands, arms, feet or legs held by, or attachable to, the hands or feet attachable only to the feet
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B2209/00—Characteristics of used materials
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B2209/00—Characteristics of used materials
    • A63B2209/02—Characteristics of used materials with reinforcing fibres, e.g. carbon, polyamide fibres
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B2225/00—Miscellaneous features of sport apparatus, devices or equipment
    • A63B2225/01—Special aerodynamic features, e.g. airfoil shapes, wings or air passages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites

Definitions

  • the object of the present invention is a swim fin with a longitudinally moulded blade designed for swimming lessons and swimming in sport and rehabilitation as well as for diving by increasing the swimming speed and efficiency of upward and downward oscillatory leg movement (in the sagittal plane), especially when swimming front crawl or butterfly stroke, and of backward and outward leg movements (in the coronal plane) in breaststroke swimming.
  • angular foot fins having an angular blade orientation at an optimum angle of the drive plane with regard to a user's foot.
  • the invention comprises a swim fin having an angular blade orientation relationship that can be changed with respect to a user's foot.
  • the angular relationship allows for walking with the blade in a planar relationship with the sole of a user's foot. When the blade is bent downwardly, it permits the user to swim in an optimum manner.
  • WO1988001523A1 there are known debutimproved swim fins" consisting of the shoe and the blade, separated and distinct parts, articulated and unlocked or locked together in any of a chosen fixed angular position.
  • the shoe has inserted a device that at the front and lateral has two axes, in the central and frontal part evolves an arc like part with slots that hold the lock that is attached to the axis with "H" shaped device.
  • This part has two extensions that are inserted in the blade and into the shoe.
  • Swim fins with angularly adjusted blades allows the user to choose the best blade orientation to suit his needs, and are detachable and interchangeable with other fin blades of various sizes.
  • GB2331940A swim fins having a block with hinges and latching mechanism to connect the fin blade at a specified angle.
  • the possibility to release the blade after swimming or diving facilitates moving in shallow water, walking on land or coming aboard a water ship.
  • swim fins comprising a sandal and a flexible paddle that is connected to the sandal by means of an articulation device with a horizontal spindle in order thus to be held practically in line with the sole of the sandal or a walking position, in which it is raised upwards over the front end of the sandal.
  • This solution is to facilitate walking by the swimmer out of the water after raising the paddle upwards over the front end of the sandal.
  • the swim fin consists of a rubber shoe and a fin integrally attached thereto by a rotating hinge.
  • the outer portion of the fin may be folded upwardly on top of the shoe portion in the walking position or folded under the shoe. Suitable latching mechanisms are provided to keep the fin extended when used during swimming and retracted in the walking position.
  • the next patent description GB2237747A discloses a "swimming flipper" adapted to be used for swimming and for walking, having a foot engaging portion adapted to be worn by a user and a two-part fin formed of an inner portion and outer portion which are connected to each other and rotatable with respect to each other using a suitable hinge assembly so that the outer portion may be folded on top of or under the foot wearing portion to facilitate walking and to enable the outer portion to be extended to facilitate swimming. Suitable locks are provided to maintain the fin portions in the extended or folded positions.
  • the main object of this invention is to reduce effort when swimming. By using a two-part fin or separated fin and shoe it is possible to adjust an angle between fin and shoe, thus also to distribute the pressure along the sole of feet and not only on tiptoes.
  • This present invention is therefore related to such a swim fin that produces less resistance and improves propelling speed when swimming in the water.
  • the height of the segment is the highest at the root of the blade and decreases towards the ending of the blade until the transition to the flat part.
  • the objective of the invention is to remove the noise in dynamically loaded blades made of materials with a high elastic modulus.
  • the invention solves the said technical problem by creating a new shape of the blade. Due to its special shape, the blade, otherwise creating noise under dynamic pulsating load, is prevented from generating such surface tension, which would create noise.
  • WO2019053751A1 there are known "fins for underwater swimming” consisting of a foot pocket and a blade which has a first smaller portion and a second portion having a significantly larger surface with a substantially flat and elongated shape thus limiting lateral slip of the blades.
  • the second portion is asymmetric with respect to the longitudinal plane arranged substantially at the centerline of the foot pocket and is narrower in its inner half-portion and wider in its outer half-portion.
  • the first blade portion is rotated with respect to the longitudinal axis of the second portion.
  • the protruding edges (lateral crests) arranged on the sides of the blades with the function of water flow channeling elements are provided.
  • the essence of the invention is a swim fin with a longitudinally moulded blade comprising a foot pocket configured to receive and secure a swimmer's foot, and containing a sole, sides and upper part of the slipper-shaped foot pocket or having a strap closure system and a blade being a working element of the fin acting as swimmer's propulsive thrust characterised in that the blade consists of two longitudinal profiles having V-shaped or U-shaped cross-section with a contained angle from 20 to 150 degrees, preferably of 90 degrees, attached to the front edge of the foot pocket, wherein the cross- sectional area of each profile increases in the direction opposite to the foot pocket, and longitudinal profiles are connected to each other in the end zone of inner edges of each of the profiles, preferably are spot joined with corners of the inner edges of each of the profiles, and between profile inner edges, the joint of these edges and the front edge of the foot pocket there is an opening forming a flow passage in a triangle-like shape. This opening when oscillating the legs during swimming allows water flow between profiles, thus reducing resistance and energy used
  • each of the blade longitudinal profiles is fitted with a flat stabilising slat positioned in the profile outer edge, preferably over its entire length, in such manner that slat branches extend both above and below the arbitrary plane being an extension of the foot pocket sole plane and the slat is preferably perpendicular to this plane, thereby ensuring the desired water flow direction.
  • the stabilising slat reduces the lateral hydrodynamic drag by minimising turbulences occurring in the profile outer edges.
  • the slat is made at the blade manufacturing stage by using two-component injection moulding.
  • the foot pocket is made of plastic with Shore hardness between 30 and 120, preferably of thermoplastic elastomer, while the blade is made of Kevlar or a mixture of Kevlar and rubber or plasticised polycarbonate or polyurethane or silicone with Shore hardness between 30 and 120.
  • the foot pocket is made of plastic with Shore hardness between 30 and 120, preferably of thermoplastic elastomer, while the blade is made of carbon fibre, preferably reinforced with a resin or a mixture of carbon fibre and resin or plasticised polycarbonate or polyurethane or silicone with Shore hardness between 30 and 120.
  • the foot pocket and the blade are made of thermoplastic elastomer in the form of polyurethane with Shore hardness between 30 and 90.
  • the stabilising slats are made of:
  • Kevlar or mixture of Kevlar with rubber or plasticised polycarbonate or polyurethane or silicone with Shore hardness between 30 and 120, or
  • - carbon fibre preferably reinforced with a resin or carbon fibre with rubber or plasticised polycarbonate or polyurethane or silicone with Shore hardness between 30 and 120, or
  • the stabilising slats are made of the same material as the blade.
  • the blade length is between 20 and 250% of the foot pocket length and most preferably is equal to 80% of the foot pocket.
  • An increase of the blade length above the preferable value involves increased loads in ankle and knee joints during swimming. The longer blade the higher load on joints, which during prolonged use may lead to osteoarthritis in both joints. But decreasing the blade length below the preferable value will limit the working (active) surface area, thus resulting in loss of thrust/propulsive force while reducing the resistance created by the fin.
  • the plane of the blade is inclined downward with respect to the foot pocket sole by 5 to 40 degrees, preferably 20 degrees.
  • the fin contains reinforcing rods made of carbon fibre built in the blade along the longitudinal axis.
  • the use of rods provides additional stiffening of the structure and prevents changes in fin geometry during dynamic swimming.
  • the foot pocket is appropriately profiled to be fit to swimmer's foot, preferably with slightly inclined downward to toe-ends (due to the vector of generated propulsive force) and has a flat sole, i.e. without folds or protrusions to allow free walking on the water's bottom or out of the water.
  • the foot pocket comprises anti slip pads on the outer surface of the sole made of any flexible material, especially silicone or rubber.
  • the foot pocket sole is made of thermoplastic elastomer with Shore hardness between 60 and 90, while the sides and upper part of the foot pocket are made of thermoplastic elastomer with Shore hardness between 30 and 60.
  • thermoplastic elastomer used for manufacturing the foot pocket is admixed with an antimicrobial and antifungal substance in the form a mixture of silver and copper nanoparticles, preferably with an addition of nanosilica suspended in an alkoxide or oil performing a role of a stabilising agent at the amount from 0.05 to 10%, preferably 0.2% of the protective substance with respect to the base material, and proportions of nanoparticle mixture to the stabilising agent are from 0.1:1 to 15:1, preferably 1:1, while proportions of individual nanoparticles in protective substance are as follows: silver nanoparticles: copper nanoparticles : nanosilica are from 0.1:0.1:9.8 to 5:5:0, preferably 1:3:6.
  • propylene glycol or ethylene glycol is used as an alkoxide in which a mixture of nanoparticles is suspended.
  • an organic or mineral oil most preferably silicone oil, is used as an oil in which a mixture of nanoparticles is suspended.
  • the stabilising slats at its ends i.e. distal parts of the blade have a height between 2 and 5 cm that steeply decreases towards the foot pocket, where it reaches the value of 1 to 2 cm at the joint with the foot pocket.
  • the foot pocket is made of:
  • An advantage of composite materials is that we gain advantage from using various types of materials, thus eliminating or reducing drawbacks of individual components used such as abrasion or brittle fracture defects.
  • the fin according to present invention despite of its relatively short working element, has four preferably perpendicular blade longitudinal surfaces that provides a large actual surface area of the working element, thus minimising drawbacks resulting from the use of long fins when using different swimming styles, including breaststroke.
  • Such fin construction improves hydrodynamic characteristics by providing laminar and directed water flow during swimming.
  • the fin is advantageous both for swimming courses as well as for improving breaststroke swimming and for other sport swimming techniques because of large lateral drag resulting from enlarged side surface of the profiles.
  • the fin can work both in the sagittal plane, as in front and back crawl techniques, as well as it has a quite high lateral drag, enabling the swimmer to generate an appropriate propulsive force when he moves legs in the coronal plane as in breaststroke swimming, or for a rescuer towing the victim while swimming backstroke by using leg movements as in breaststroke swimming.
  • the fin construction allows the lateral drag to be used more effectively, while increasing swimmer's speed, thus reducing swimmer's fatigue, while increasing an actual swimming speed of a sportsman or rescuer.
  • the fins enable faster and more efficient swimming when oscillating the legs from up to down used primarily in front and back crawl swimming as well as when swimming butterfly stroke or breaststroke.
  • the solution according to the present invention due the variable geometry of the blade active surface (with longitudinally moulded blades) gives it higher stiffness when oscillating the legs from up to down and generates stronger and more streamed (oriented) forces pushing water backwards, thus making leg movement more efficient than conventional fins of the same contour.
  • the swimmer using conventional fins when oscillating from up to down presses water with the flat blade surface, and water runs down equally both backwards and on sides.
  • the swimmer by using the fins according to the present invention due to dynamic variable geometry of the longitudinal blade active surface (fins with longitudinally moulded blades) and proportionally less effort achieves higher power and related speed than with the conventional fins.
  • the swimmer can use fins with a dynamic variable geometry of longitudinal active surface of clearly smaller blade.
  • the fin according to the present invention due to the variable geometry of the blade active surface (with longitudinally moulded blades) causes that during the return leg movement from down to up when oscillating the legs in front crawl and symmetrical leg movements as in butterfly stroke (or vice versa, i.e. from up to down when oscillating the legs during swimming in back crawl) the fin due its cone shaped outer surface or U-shaped blade and a flow passage opening between the profiles over which water flows easier and significantly lower drag is generated then when moving the same fin from up to down, thus requires less user's effort, and thereby causes less leg fatigue.
  • the fin presses water at unfavourable angles of attack with its entire flat surface, thus requires the same high effort as when oscillating the legs from up to down, while achieving a significantly lower swimming effect.
  • the solution according to the present invention due to the variable geometry of the blade active surface causes that when oscillating the legs during swimming the fins as a whole are set at the same angle of attack, thus the entire blade surface generates similar thrust.
  • the angle of attack is also adjusted when oscillating the legs during swimming and return movement due to flexible (not rigid) connections between the foot pocket and the blade.
  • the blade When oscillating the conventional fin the blade is most often more rigid close to the foot pocket and more flexible at the blade ends, thereby its more rigid proximal portion of the foot pocket presses water at less favourable angles of attack, thus reducing the resultant of favourable angles of attack.
  • the solution according to the present invention due to the variable geometry of the blade active surface causes that when oscillating the legs from the position when the legs are stretched and connected by bending at the hip, knee and ankle joints, and moving the legs backward and outward, the generated propulsive force allows efficient and fast breaststroke swimming due to significantly enlarged side surfaces of the blade and the foot pocket.
  • the flat stabilising slats provided to improve efficiency of the working element, i.e. blade, enable to direct the force backwards behind the swimmer, thus producing less resistance when the leg returns when oscillating from down to up, minimising energy loss when directing the water vertically downward.
  • both side stabilising slats ensure more streamlined, laminar water flow through the working element.
  • the stabilising slats stabilise the fin during oscillatory and undulatory swimming such as front or back crawl, and generate additional lateral drag and prevent cavitation when using symmetrical techniques like butterfly stroke or breaststroke.
  • the slats prevent from generating turbulent motions in the fine side area.
  • the slats reinforce and stiffen blade profiles, directing the energy backward instead of vertically, downward and upward, thus improving swimmer's efficiency and reducing his fatigue, increasing the speed and efficiency. Further, such system reduces the load on the locomotor system, e.g. ankle and knee joints, by generating the force only along lower limbs without any additional lateral loads.
  • the fins can be widely used also in amateur swimming and swimming lessons. Furthermore, the use of polyurethane in the manufacture of fins ensures an effective and uncomplicated application of processing methods with a wide range of tolerances, thus reducing costs and complexity of manufacturing processes. Thereby, the fin can be manufactured without a highly qualified and specialised personnel. This fin type is suitable for small batch production.
  • Fig. 1 shows a front perspective view of the fin
  • Fig. 2 shows a back perspective view of the fin
  • Fig. 3 shows a top view of the fin
  • Fig. 4 shows a side view of the fin
  • Fig. 5 shows a back view of the fin
  • Fig. 6 shows a front view of the fin
  • Fig. 7 shows a front perspective view of the fin with stabilising slats
  • Fig. 8 shows a front view of the fin with stabilising slats
  • Fig. 9 shows a side view of the fin with stabilising slats.
  • the solution according to this exemplary embodiment is a swim fin with a longitudinally moulded blade, consisting of a foot pocket 1 securing the swimmer's foot, and containing a sole, sides and upper part of the slipper- shaped foot pocket, and a blade 2 being a working element acting as swimmer's propulsive thrust.
  • the blade 2 consists of two longitudinal profiles 2' and 2" having V-shaped cross-section with a contained angle of 90 degrees, attached to the front edge 1' of the foot pocket 1 wherein the cross-sectional area of each profile increases in the direction opposite to the foot pocket, and longitudinal profiles 2' and 2" are adhesively connected to each other in the end zone of the inner edges of each of the profiles, forming the joint 4.
  • the length of the blade 2 is 120 % of the length of the foot pocket 1.
  • the foot pocket 1 of the fin is made of thermoplastic elastomer with Shore hardness between 50 and 70, wherein the foot pocket sole is made of thermoplastic polyurethane with Shore hardness of 70, and the side and upper part of the foot pocket is made of thermoplastic polyurethane with Shore hardness of 50.
  • Polyurethane contains an addition of a protective substance in the form of a mixture of silver and copper nanoparticles and nanosilica suspended in an alkoxide (ethylene glycol), wherein proportions of individual nanoparticles in the protective substance are 1:3:6, respectively, and the proportion of nanoparticle mixture to the alkoxide is 1:1.
  • the amount of the protective substance to the base material is 0.2%.
  • the blade 2 is made of polyurethane with Shore hardness of 70.
  • each of the longitudinal profiles 2' and 2" of the blade 2 is further provided with a flat stabilising slat 6 positioned in the profile outer edge over its entire length in such manner that slat branches extend both above and below the arbitrary plane being an extension of the foot pocket sole plane, and the slat 6 is perpendicular to this plane.
  • the stabilising slats 6 at its ends, i.e. distal parts of the blade 2 have a height of 5 cm that steeply decreases towards the foot pocket 1 , and reaches 2 cm at the joint with the foot pocket.
  • the foot pocket 1 of the fin is made of thermoplastic elastomer with Shore hardness between 50 and 60, wherein the foot pocket sole is made of thermoplastic polyurethane with Shore hardness of 60, and the side and upper part of the foot pocket is made of thermoplastic polyurethane with Shore hardness of 50.
  • Polyurethane contains an addition of a protective substance in the form of a mixture of silver and copper nanoparticles and nanosilica suspended in an alkoxide, wherein proportions of individual nanoparticles in protective substance are 1:3:6, respectively, and the proportion of nanoparticle mixture to the alkoxide is 1:1.
  • the ratio of the protective substance to the base material is 0.8%.
  • the blade 2 and stabilising slats 6 are made of polyurethane with Shore hardness of 70.
  • the solution according to this exemplary embodiment is a swim fin with a longitudinally moulded blade, consisting of a foot pocket 1 securing the swimmer's foot, and containing a sole, sides and upper part of the slipper- shaped foot pocket, and a blade 2 being a working element acting as swimmer's propulsive thrust.
  • the blade 2 consists of two longitudinal profiles 2' and 2" having U-shaped cross-section with a contained angle of 80 degrees, attached to the front edge 1' of the foot pocket 1, wherein the cross-sectional area of each profile increases in the direction opposite to the foot pocket, and longitudinal profiles 2' and 2" are adhesively connected to each other in the end zone of the inner edges of each of the profiles, forming the joint 4.
  • the length of the blade 2 is 80 % of the length of the foot pocket l .
  • the fin contains four reinforcing rods 5 made of carbon fibre built into the blade 2 along the longitudinal axis.
  • the foot pocket 1 of the fin is made of thermoplastic elastomer with Shore hardness between 40 and 50, wherein the foot pocket sole is made of thermoplastic polyurethane with Shore hardness of 50, and the side and upper part of the foot pocket is made of thermoplastic polyurethane with Shore hardness of 40.
  • Polyurethane contains an addition of a protective substance in the form of a mixture of silver and copper nanoparticles and nanosilica suspended in an alkoxide (ethylene glycol), wherein proportions of individual nanoparticles in the protective substance are 1:2:5, respectively, and the proportion of nanoparticle mixture to the alkoxide is 1:1.
  • the ratio of the protective substance to the base material is 0.9%.
  • the blade 2 is made of polyurethane with Shore hardness of 65.
  • each of longitudinal profiles 2 and 2 of the blade 2 is further provided with a flat stabilising slat 6 positioned in the profile outer edge over its entire length in such manner that slat branches extend both above and below the arbitrary plane being an extension of the foot pocket sole plane, and the slat 6 is perpendicular to this plane.
  • the stabilising slats 6 at its ends, i.e. distal parts of the blade 2 have a height of 5 cm that steeply decreases towards the foot pocket 1, and reaches the value of 2 cm at the joint with the foot pocket.
  • the foot pocket 1 of the fin is made of thermoplastic elastomer with Shore hardness between 40 and 50, wherein the foot pocket sole is made of thermoplastic polyurethane with Shore hardness of 50, and the side and upper part of the foot pocket is made of thermoplastic polyurethane with Shore hardness of 40.
  • Polyurethane contains an addition of a protective substance in the form of a mixture of silver and copper nanoparticles and nanosilica suspended in an alkoxide (ethylene glycol), wherein proportions of individual nanoparticles in the protective substance are 1:2:5, respectively, and the proportion of nanoparticle mixture to the alkoxide is 1:1.
  • the ratio of the protective substance to the base material is 0.1 %.
  • the blade 2 and stabilising slats 6 are made of polyurethane with Shore hardness of 65.
  • the solution according to this exemplary embodiment is an ultralight swim fin with a longitudinally moulded blade, consisting of a foot pocket 1 securing the swimmer's foot, and containing a sole, sides and upper part of the slipper- shaped foot pocket, and a blade 2 being a working element acting as swimmer's propulsive thrust.
  • the blade 2 consists of two longitudinal profiles 2' and 2" having V-shaped cross-section with a contained angle of 90 degrees, attached to the front edge 1' of the foot pocket 1 wherein the cross-sectional area of each profile increases in the direction opposite to the foot pocket, and longitudinal profiles 2 and 2 are adhesively connected to each other in the end zone of the inner edges of each of the profiles, forming the joint 4.
  • the length of the blade 2 is 120 % of the length of the foot pocket 1.
  • the surface of the blade 2 is canted 15 degrees downward with respect to the plane of the sole of the foot pocket 1.
  • the fin contains four reinforcing rods 5 made of carbon fibre built into the blade 2 along the longitudinal axis.
  • the foot pocket 1 of the fin is made of thermoplastic elastomer with Shore hardness between 50 and 60, wherein the foot pocket sole is made of thermoplastic polyurethane with Shore hardness of 60, and the side and upper part of the foot pocket is made of thermoplastic polyurethane with Shore hardness of 50.
  • Polyurethane contains an addition of a protective substance in the form of a mixture of silver and copper nanoparticles and nanosilica suspended in an alkoxide (ethylene glycol), wherein proportions of individual nanoparticles in the protective substance are 2:0.5:6, respectively, and the proportion of nanoparticle mixture to the alkoxide is 1:1.
  • the ratio of the protective substance to the base material is 6%.
  • the blade 2 is made of Kevlar with Shore hardness of 120.
  • each of longitudinal profiles 2' and 2 of the blade 2 is further provided with a flat stabilising slat 6 positioned in the profile outer edge over its entire length in such manner that slat branches extend both above and below the arbitrary plane being an extension of the foot pocket sole plane, and the slat 6 is perpendicular to this plane.
  • the stabilising slats 6 at its ends, i.e. distal parts of the blade 2 have a height of 5 cm that steeply decreases towards the foot pocket 1, and reaches the value of 2 cm at the joint with the foot pocket.
  • the foot pocket 1 of the fin is made of thermoplastic elastomer with Shore hardness between 50 and 60, wherein the foot pocket sole is made of thermoplastic polyurethane with Shore hardness of 60, and the side and upper part of the foot pocket is made of thermoplastic polyurethane with Shore hardness of 50.
  • Polyurethane contains an addition of a protective substance in the form of a mixture of silver and copper nanoparticles and nanosilica suspended in an alkoxide (ethylene glycol), wherein proportions of individual nanoparticles in protective substance are 1:3:6, respectively, and the proportion of nanoparticle mixture to the alkoxide is 1:1.
  • the ratio of the protective substance to the base material is 0.4%.
  • the blade 2 and stabilising slats 6 are made of Kevlar with Shore hardness of 120.
  • Example 7 The solution according to this exemplary embodiment is an ultralight swim fin with a longitudinally moulded blade, consisting of a foot pocket 1 securing the swimmer's foot, and containing a sole, sides and upper part of the slipper- shaped foot pocket, and a blade 2 being a working element acting as swimmer's propulsive thrust.
  • the blade 2 consists of two longitudinal profiles 2' and 2" having U-shaped cross-section with a contained angle of 90 degrees, attached to the front edge 1' of the foot pocket 1 wherein the cross-sectional area of each profile increases in the direction opposite to the foot pocket, and longitudinal profiles 2' and 2" are adhesively connected to each other in the end zone of the inner edges of each of the profiles, forming the joint 4.
  • the length of the blade 2 is 150 % of the length of the foot pocket 1.
  • the surface of the blade 2 is canted 20 degrees downward with respect to the plane of the sole of the foot pocket 1.
  • the fin contains four reinforcing rods 5 made of carbon fibre built into the blade 2 along the longitudinal axis.
  • the foot pocket 1 of the fin is made of thermoplastic elastomer with Shore hardness between 60 and 60, wherein the foot pocket sole is made of plasticised polycarbonate with Shore hardness of 50, and the side and upper part of the foot pocket is made of plasticised polycarbonate with Shore hardness of 50.
  • Polycarbonate contains an addition of a protective substance in the form of a mixture of silver and copper nanoparticles and nanosilica suspended in an alkoxide (ethylene glycol), wherein proportions of individual nanoparticles in the protective substance are 2:2:3, respectively, and the proportion of nanoparticle mixture to the alkoxide is 1:1.
  • the ratio of the protective substance to the base material is 8%.
  • the blade 2 is made of Kevlar with Shore hardness of 110.
  • each of the longitudinal profiles 2' and 2" of the blade 2 is further provided with a flat stabilising slat 6 positioned in the profile outer edge over its entire length in such manner that slat branches extend both above and below the arbitrary plane being an extension of the foot pocket sole plane, and the slat 6 is perpendicular to this plane.
  • the stabilising slats 6 at its ends, i.e. distal parts of the blade 2 have a height of 5 cm that steeply decreases towards the foot pocket 1, and reaches the value of 2 cm at the joint with the foot pocket.
  • the foot pocket 1 of the fin is made of thermoplastic elastomer with Shore hardness between 40 and 50, wherein the foot pocket sole is made of thermoplastic polyurethane with Shore hardness of 50, and the side and upper part of the foot pocket is made of thermoplastic polyurethane with Shore hardness of 40.
  • Polyurethane contains an addition of a protective substance in the form of a mixture of silver and copper nanoparticles and nanosilica suspended in an alkoxide (ethylene glycol), wherein proportions of individual nanoparticles in the protective substance are 1:2:5, respectively, and the proportion of nanoparticle mixture to the alkoxide is 1:1.
  • the ratio of the protective substance to the base material is 1 %.
  • the blade 2 and stabilising slats 6 are made of Kevlar with Shore hardness of 120.
  • the solution according to this exemplary embodiment is an ultralight swim fin with a longitudinally moulded blade, consisting of a foot pocket 1 securing the swimmer's foot, and containing a sole, sides and upper part of the slipper- shaped foot pocket, and a blade 2 being a working element acting as swimmer's propulsive thrust.
  • the blade 2 consists of two longitudinal profiles 2' and 2" having V-shaped cross-section with a contained angle of 80 degrees, attached to the front edge 1' of the foot pocket 1 wherein the cross-sectional area of each profile increases in the direction opposite to the foot pocket, and longitudinal profiles 2 and 2 are adhesively connected over a section with length of 10 cm of each of the profiles, forming the joint 4.
  • the length of the blade 2 is 85 % of the length of the foot pocket 1.
  • the surface of the blade 2 is canted 15 degrees downward with respect to the plane of the sole of the foot pocket 1.
  • the fin contains four reinforcing rods 5 made of carbon fibre built into the blade 2 along the longitudinal axis.
  • the foot pocket 1 of the fin is made of thermoplastic elastomer with Shore hardness between of 60, wherein the foot pocket sole is made of Kevlar with Shore hardness of 60, and the side and upper part of the foot pocket is made of rubber with Shore hardness of 60.
  • Kevlar contains an addition of a protective substance in the form of a mixture of silver and copper nanoparticles and nanosilica suspended in an alkoxide (ethylene glycol), wherein proportions of individual nanoparticles in the protective substance are 1:2:6, respectively, and the proportion of nanoparticle mixture to the alkoxide is 1:1.
  • the ratio of the protective substance to the base material is 2%.
  • the blade 2 is made of a mixture of Kevlar and plasticised polycarbonate with Shore hardness of 100.
  • the solution according to this exemplary embodiment is an ultralight swim fin with a longitudinally moulded blade, consisting of a foot pocket 1 securing the swimmer's foot, and containing a sole, sides and upper part of the slipper-shaped foot pocket, and a blade 2 being a working element acting as swimmer's propulsive thrust.
  • the blade 2 consists of two longitudinal profiles 2' and 2" having V-shaped cross-section with a contained angle of 90 degrees, attached to the front edge 1' of the foot pocket 1 wherein the cross-sectional area of each profile increases in the direction opposite to the foot pocket, and longitudinal profiles 2' and 2" are adhesively connected over a section with length of 5 cm of each of the profiles, forming the joint 4.
  • the surface of the blade 2 is canted 10 degrees downward with respect to the plane of the sole of the foot pocket 1.
  • the fin contains four reinforcing rods 5 made of carbon fibre built into the blade 2 along the longitudinal axis.
  • Each of longitudinal profiles 2' and 2" of the blade 2 is provided with a flat stabilising slat 6 positioned in the profile outer edge over its entire length in such manner that slat branches extend both above and below the arbitrary plane being an extension of the foot pocket sole plane, and the slat 6 is perpendicular to this plane.
  • the stabilising slats 6 at its ends, i.e. distal parts of the blade 2 have a height of 5 cm that steeply decreases towards the foot pocket 1, and reaches the value of 2 cm at the joint with the foot pocket.
  • the foot pocket 1 of the fin is made of thermoplastic polymer with Shore hardness between 40 and 50, wherein the foot pocket sole is made of Kevlar with Shore hardness of 100, and the side and upper part of the foot pocket is made of plasticised polycarbonate with Shore hardness of 40.
  • Plasticised polycarbonate contains an addition of a protective substance in the form of a mixture of silver and copper nanoparticles and nanosilica suspended in an alkoxide (ethylene glycol), wherein proportions of individual nanoparticles in protective substance are 0.2:3 :5, respectively, and the proportion of nanoparticle mixture to the alkoxide is 1:1.
  • the ratio of the protective substance to the base material is 5%.
  • the blade 2 and stabilising slats 6 are made of a mixture of Kevlar and plasticised polycarbonate with Shore hardness of 120.
  • the solution according to this exemplary embodiment is an ultra-strong swim fin with a longitudinally moulded blade, consisting of a foot pocket 1 securing the swimmer's foot, and containing a sole, sides and upper part of the slipper-shaped foot pocket, and a blade 2 being a working element acting as swimmer's propulsive thrust.
  • the blade 2 consists of two longitudinal profiles 2' and 2" having V-shaped cross-section with a contained angle of 90 degrees, attached to the front edge 1' of the foot pocket 1 wherein the cross-sectional area of each profile increases in the direction opposite to the foot pocket, and longitudinal profiles 2 and 2 are adhesively connected to each other in the end zone of the inner edges of each of the profiles, forming the joint 4.
  • the surface of the blade 2 is canted 15 degrees downward with respect to the plane of the sole of the foot pocket 1.
  • the fin contains four reinforcing rods 5 made of carbon fibre built into the blade 2 along the longitudinal axis.
  • the foot pocket 1 is made of thermoplastic elastomer with Shore hardness between 50 and 60, wherein the foot pocket sole is made of thermoplastic polyurethane with Shore hardness of 60, and the side and upper part of the foot pocket is made of thermoplastic polyurethane with Shore hardness of 50.
  • Polyurethane contains an addition of a protective substance in the form of a mixture of silver and copper nanoparticles and nanosilica suspended in an alkoxide (ethylene glycol), wherein proportions of individual nanoparticles in the protective substance are 2:0.5:6, respectively, and the proportion of nanoparticle mixture to the alkoxide is 1:1.
  • the ratio of the protective substance to the base material is 0.5%.
  • the blade 2 is made of carbon fibre with Shore hardness of 120.
  • each of longitudinal profiles 2' and 2" of the blade 2 is further provided with a flat stabilising slat 6 positioned in the profile outer edge over its entire length in such manner that slat branches extend both above and below the arbitrary plane being an extension of the foot pocket sole plane, and the slat 6 is perpendicular to this plane.
  • the stabilising slats 6 at its ends, i.e. distal parts of the blade 2 have a height of 5 cm that steeply decreases towards the foot pocket 1, and reaches the value of 2 cm at the joint with the foot pocket.
  • the foot pocket 1 of the fin is made of thermoplastic elastomer with Shore hardness between 50 and 60, wherein the foot pocket sole is made of thermoplastic polyurethane with Shore hardness of 60, and the side and upper part of the foot pocket is made of thermoplastic polyurethane with Shore hardness of 50.
  • Polyurethane contains an addition of a protective substance in the form of a mixture of silver and copper nanoparticles and nanosilica suspended in an alkoxide (ethylene glycol), wherein proportions of individual nanoparticles in the protective substance are 1:3:6, respectively, and the proportion of nanoparticle mixture to the alkoxide is 1:1.
  • the ratio of the protective substance to the base material is 10%.
  • the blade 2 and stabilising slats 6 are made of Kevlar with Shore hardness of 120.
  • the solution according to this exemplary embodiment is an ultra-strong swim fin with a longitudinally moulded blade, consisting of a foot pocket 1 securing the swimmer's foot, and containing a sole, sides and upper part of the slipper-shaped foot pocket, and a blade 2 being a working element acting as swimmer's propulsive thrust.
  • the blade 2 consists of two longitudinal profiles 2' and 2" having U-shaped cross-section with a contained angle of 90 degrees, attached to the front edge 1' of the foot pocket 1 wherein the cross-sectional area of each profile increases in the direction opposite to the foot pocket, and longitudinal profiles 2' and 2" are adhesively connected to each other in the end zone of the inner edges of each of the profiles, forming the joint 4.
  • the surface of the blade 2 is canted 20 degrees downward with respect to the plane of the sole of the foot pocket 1.
  • the fin contains four reinforcing rods 5 made of carbon fibre built into the blade 2 along the longitudinal axis.
  • the foot pocket 1 of the fin is made of thermoplastic elastomer with Shore hardness between 50 and 60, wherein the foot pocket sole is made of plasticised polycarbonate with Shore hardness of 60, and the side and upper part of the foot pocket is made of plasticised polycarbonate with Shore hardness of 50.
  • Polycarbonate contains an addition of a protective substance in the form of a mixture of silver and copper nanoparticles and nanosilica suspended in an alkoxide (ethylene glycol), wherein proportions of individual nanoparticles in the protective substance are 2:2:3, respectively, and the proportion of nanoparticle mixture to the alkoxide is 1:1.
  • the ratio of the protective substance to the base material is 0.5%.
  • the blade 2 is made of carbon fibre reinforced with a resin with Shore hardness of 90.
  • each of longitudinal profiles 2' and 2" of the blade 2 is further provided with a flat stabilising slat 6 positioned in the profile outer edge over its entire length in such manner that slat branches extend both above and below the arbitrary plane being an extension of the foot pocket sole plane, and the slat 6 is perpendicular to this plane.
  • the stabilising slats 6 at its ends, i.e. distal parts of the blade 2 have a height of 5 cm that steeply decreases towards the foot pocket 1, and reaches the value of 2 cm at the joint with the foot pocket.
  • the foot pocket 1 of the fin is made of thermoplastic elastomer with Shore hardness between 40 and 50, wherein the foot pocket sole is made of thermoplastic polyurethane with Shore hardness of 50, and the side and upper part of the foot pocket is made of thermoplastic polyurethane with Shore hardness of 40.
  • Polyurethane contains an addition of a protective substance in the form of a mixture of silver and copper nanoparticles and nanosilica suspended in an alkoxide (ethylene glycol), wherein proportions of individual nanoparticles in the protective substance are 1:2:5, respectively, and the proportion of nanoparticle mixture to the alkoxide is 1:1.
  • the ratio of the protective substance to the base material is 0.05%.
  • the blade 2 and stabilising slats 6 are made of a mixture of carbon fibre and rubber with Shore hardness of 110.
  • the solution according to this exemplary embodiment is an ultra-strong swim fin with a longitudinally moulded blade, consisting of a foot pocket 1 securing the swimmer's foot, and containing a sole, sides and upper part of the slipper-shaped foot pocket, and a blade 2 being a working element acting as swimmer's propulsive thrust.
  • the blade 2 consists of two longitudinal profiles 2' and 2" having V-shaped cross-section with a contained angle of 80 degrees, attached to the front edge 1' of the foot pocket 1 wherein the cross-sectional area of each profile increases in the direction opposite to the foot pocket, and longitudinal profiles 2' and 2" are adhesively connected over a section with length of 15 cm of each of the profiles, forming the joint 4.
  • the surface of the blade 2 is canted 10 degrees downward with respect to the plane of the sole of the foot pocket 1.
  • the fin contains four reinforcing rods 5 made of carbon fibre built into the blade 2 along the longitudinal axis.
  • the foot pocket 1 (both the sole, sides as well as the upper part) is made of carbon fibre mixed with plasticised polycarbonate with Shore hardness of 120.
  • the blade 2 is made of carbon fibre with Shore hardness of 120.
  • each of longitudinal profiles 2 and 2 of the blade 2 is further provided with a flat stabilising slat 6 positioned in the profile outer edge over its entire length in such manner that slat branches extend both above and below the arbitrary plane being an extension of the foot pocket sole plane, and the slat 6 is perpendicular to this plane.
  • the stabilising slats 6 at its ends, i.e. distal parts of the blade 2 have a height of 5 cm that steeply decreases towards the foot pocket 1, and reaches the value of 2 cm at the joint with the foot pocket.
  • the foot pocket 1 of the fin (both the sole, sides as well as the upper part) are made of thermoplastic elastomer in the form of a mixture of Kevlar and plasticised polycarbonate with Shore hardness of 70.
  • the blade 2 and stabilising slats 6 are made of a mixture of carbon fibre and rubber with Shore hardness of 100.
  • the solution according to the present invention can be used particularly in swimming lessons as well as in swimming in sports and rehabilitation as well as for water rescue and diving purposes.
  • swim fins In swimming in sports the use of swim fins according to the present invention expands the range of methods and means for shaping techniques and conditioning abilities by doing general and specific exercises.
  • swim fins In swimming in rehabilitation the use of swim fins according to the present invention enables persons working out in water for restoring their physical shape to move the legs in any pace and rhythm in all directions with a specified effort.
  • swim fins In water rescue the use of swim fins according to the present invention allows a rescuer to swim out to the victim and easier adaptation to the actual situation and to help the victim more effectively by offering the possibility of changing oscillating movements into symmetric ones and vice versa.
  • the use of the present invention will enable effective descending and ascending by using oscillatory leg movements, and symmetric backward and outward leg movements as in breaststroke, when it is necessary to penetrate the bottom or to reduce the turbidity of water.
  • the swim fin according to the present invention is a flexible fin that strains the ankle and knee joint to a small extent. This fin is especially recommended for persons with an injury to their ankle or knee joints, and is suitable for spine rehabilitation and for strengthening deep core muscles.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)

Abstract

L'objet de la présente invention est une palme à lame moulée longitudinalement conçue en particulier pour les leçons de natation, la natation dans le sport et la rééducation ainsi que pour la plongée en augmentant la vitesse de la nage et l'efficacité du mouvement de jambes oscillant ascendant et descendant (dans le plan sagittal), en particulier en crawl ou en nage papillon, et des mouvements de jambes vers l'arrière et vers l'extérieur (dans le plan frontal) en brasse. Selon la présente invention, une palme dotée d'une lame moulée longitudinalement est constituée d'une poche de pied (1) fixant le pied du nageur, contenant une semelle, des côtés et une partie empeigne de la poche de pied en forme de chausson ou ayant un système de fermeture à sangle et une lame étant un élément de travail de la palme servant de poussée de propulsion du nageur, caractérisée en ce que la lame (2) est constitué de deux profilés longitudinaux (2') et (2 ") ayant une section transversale en forme de V ou en forme de U avec un angle contenu de 20 à 150 degrés, de préférence de 90 degrés, fixés au bord avant (Γ) de la poche de pied (1), la superficie en section transversale de chaque profilé (2') et (2 ") augmentant dans la direction opposée à la poche de pied (1) et les profilés longitudinaux (2') et (2 ") étant reliés l'un à l'autre dans la zone d'extrémité des bords intérieurs de chacun des profilés formant une articulation (4), de préférence étant joints par points avec des coins des bords intérieurs de chacun des profilés (2') et (2 ") et entre les bords intérieurs de profilé longitudinal, l'articulation de ces bords et du bord avant (1') de la poche de pied se trouvant une ouverture (3) formant un passage d'écoulement en forme de triangle.
EP20871092.1A 2019-10-03 2020-10-02 Palme à lame moulée longitudinalement Withdrawn EP4037785A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL431365A PL235659B1 (pl) 2019-10-03 2019-10-03 Ultrawytrzymała płetwa do pływania z wyprofilowanym wzdłużnie piórem
PL431361A PL235656B1 (pl) 2019-10-03 2019-10-03 Płetwa do pływania z wyprofilowanym wzdłużnie piórem, o poprawionej sprawności hydrodynamicznej
PL431358A PL235654B1 (pl) 2019-10-03 2019-10-03 Płetwa do pływania z wyprofilowanym wzdłużnie piórem
PL431360A PL235655B1 (pl) 2019-10-03 2019-10-03 Płetwa o właściwościach antybakteryjnych i przeciwgrzybicznych
PL431366A PL235660B1 (pl) 2019-10-03 2019-10-03 Ultrawytrzymała płetwa do pływania z wyprofilowanym wzdłużnie piórem, o poprawionej sprawności hydrodynamicznej
PL431364A PL235658B1 (pl) 2019-10-03 2019-10-03 Ultralekka płetwa do pływania z wyprofilowanym wzdłużnie piórem, o poprawionej sprawności hydrodynamicznej
PL431363A PL235657B1 (pl) 2019-10-03 2019-10-03 Ultralekka płetwa do pływania z wyprofilowanym wzdłużnie piórem
PCT/IB2020/059252 WO2021064665A1 (fr) 2019-10-03 2020-10-02 Palme à lame moulée longitudinalement

Publications (2)

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EP4037785A1 true EP4037785A1 (fr) 2022-08-10
EP4037785A4 EP4037785A4 (fr) 2023-10-18

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EP20871092.1A Withdrawn EP4037785A4 (fr) 2019-10-03 2020-10-02 Palme à lame moulée longitudinalement

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WO (1) WO2021064665A1 (fr)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115432152B (zh) * 2022-10-12 2023-04-14 哈尔滨工业大学 一种基于折纸原理的自适应仿生脚蹼及伸缩运动方法
IT202300004620A1 (it) 2023-03-13 2024-09-13 Fabio PIETROBONO Pinna per propulsione natatoria e per esercizi ginnici acquatici

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3411165A (en) * 1966-12-12 1968-11-19 Frank N. Murdoch Swim fin
US3810269A (en) * 1972-09-14 1974-05-14 K Tabata Swimmer{40 s foot fin
US4264994A (en) * 1977-07-06 1981-05-05 Carbone Giovanni M Articulated flippers for hands and feet, with a surface variable during swimming
KR20080030981A (ko) * 2008-03-17 2008-04-07 (주)에이씨티 항균력을 갖는 나노실버가 코팅된 실리카 분말 및 분산액의화장료용 조성물.
KR20100081132A (ko) * 2009-01-05 2010-07-14 주식회사 에이디에스생활과학 물놀이용 튜브
PL226836B1 (pl) * 2013-03-11 2017-09-29 Tomasz Krause Składana płetwa pływacka
US10843043B2 (en) * 2018-01-04 2020-11-24 Nature's Wing Fin Design, LLC Hydrofoils and method

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EP4037785A4 (fr) 2023-10-18
WO2021064665A1 (fr) 2021-04-08

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