EP4046166A1 - Simulation de la déformation après implantation d'un dispositif médical implantable - Google Patents
Simulation de la déformation après implantation d'un dispositif médical implantableInfo
- Publication number
- EP4046166A1 EP4046166A1 EP20803223.5A EP20803223A EP4046166A1 EP 4046166 A1 EP4046166 A1 EP 4046166A1 EP 20803223 A EP20803223 A EP 20803223A EP 4046166 A1 EP4046166 A1 EP 4046166A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- dmi
- digital
- state
- mechanical
- model
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
- A61B34/10—Computer-aided planning, simulation or modelling of surgical operations
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
- G16H50/00—ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C45/76—Measuring, controlling or regulating
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
- A61B34/10—Computer-aided planning, simulation or modelling of surgical operations
- A61B2034/101—Computer-aided simulation of surgical operations
- A61B2034/102—Modelling of surgical devices, implants or prosthesis
- A61B2034/104—Modelling the effect of the tool, e.g. the effect of an implanted prosthesis or for predicting the effect of ablation or burring
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C45/76—Measuring, controlling or regulating
- B29C45/7693—Measuring, controlling or regulating using rheological models of the material in the mould, e.g. finite elements method
Definitions
- the present invention falls within the field of the digital simulation of implants in a natural cavity, before or during the placement operation.
- an implant of the expandable implantable medical device (IMD) type such as a “stent”, an “intra-sacisme cage”, or a “flow diverter” according to the terminology commonly used, to treat by example an artery affected by an aneurysm.
- IMD expandable implantable medical device
- DMI implantable medical device reference
- abacuses for example, in the form of a relationship between the diameter of the natural cavity of the patient and the predicted length of IMD after deployment in the cavity
- the design of abacuses is mainly based on empirical observations.
- This state-of-the-art method does not make it possible to calculate a strain field on mechanical elements of the DMI, after implantation of the latter in the cavity. We do not calculate a mechanical equilibrium for the DMI after deployment.
- this simulation method has good precision for implants of the “flow diverter” type, but it is poorly suited for implants of the intra-saccular cage or “laser-cut stent” type of generally non-cylindrical shape.
- the methodology described in this document works optimally if the vascular cavity is considered as a succession of straight cylindrical portions with variable radii.
- the configuration changes of the successive portions of the DMI model preserve the cylindrical shape of these portions, even if a variant of the method described in this document proposes to take into account a parameter of longitudinal compression exerted on IMD during implantation in the vascular cavity.
- the implant can expand longitudinally and radially around its axis of revolution in the aneurysm sac after implantation. After expansion, the implant conforms to the shape of the aneurysm sac, until it is mechanically balanced with the wall of the aneurysm sac.
- the simulation methods of the state of the art do not take into account these particularities of deployment of the implant.
- DMI implantable medical device
- the desired process must also be fast and not very demanding in computing time, so as to quickly converge towards a simulation result (mechanical equilibrium state of the DMI) which is useful for the choice of the DMI and the implantation conditions by the practitioner, especially in an emergency situation.
- An order of magnitude of the desired calculation time, once the input data has been selected and for a given DMI reference, is for example 5 to 60 seconds.
- the desired method must be robust for the widest range of possible DMIs, for example for non-tubular shaped DMIs such as braided cages, providing stable digital solutions. None of the methods of the prior art is satisfactory for this type of form of DMI. There is an additional need for a method of simulating the position and the final shape of the DMI which makes it possible to predict the local apposition of the implant on the wall of the natural cavity.
- the invention relates, according to a first aspect, to a method for simulating a deformation after implantation of an implantable medical device, called DMI, in a natural cavity, from a three-dimensional digital model of a wall of the cavity, the method comprising the following steps implemented by a processing unit: i. determining an intermediate deformation state of a digital DMI representing the DMI, the digital DMI in the intermediate deformation state being deformed according to a shape of the wall model while remaining included in said shape, ii.
- calculation of a state of mechanical equilibrium of the digital DMI from the intermediate deformation state comprising the calculation of mechanical stresses undergone by the digital DMI in the intermediate deformation state which are a function of a mechanical behavior of the DMI numerical and mechanical behavior of the wall model, and comprising the relaxation of said stresses, the calculated mechanical equilibrium state corresponding to the simulated deformation of the DMI after implantation.
- the inventive simulation method enables the healthcare practitioner to obtain a prediction of the end state of an IMD implanted in a natural patient cavity. This prediction takes into account the predictive mechanical behavior of DMI as well as the behavior of the natural cavity wall, allowing precise simulation.
- Determining the intermediate deformation state, before calculating a state of mechanical equilibrium makes it possible to simplify the calculation of the mechanical equilibrium because it provides an efficient initialization of said calculation.
- Many of the DMI strain simulation methods in the existing scientific literature virtually replicate the entire actual deployment of DMI, initially compressed in a microcatheter. The DMI borrows, during its actual deployment, a “history of deformations” which is highly complex to simulate. These simulation methods thus prove to be costly in terms of computation time and sometimes not very stable, making them hardly compatible with clinical practice.
- the simulation method of the invention does not require reproducing the whole of the real history of the deformations, and proposes to define an intermediate (theoretical) deformation state in order to accelerate and simplify the deployment simulation of the DMI.
- the simulated digital DMI borrows, during the method of the invention, a simplified “non-physical” deformation history, which is easier to simulate (faster and more stable simulation than the simulation of the complete history of the deformations).
- This simplified deformation history preferably starts with a rest state of the digital DMI.
- the DMI then passes through an intermediate deformation state, then the mechanical stresses undergone by the DMI in the intermediate deformation state are taken into account and the relaxation of these stresses is simulated, to reach a final deformed state of the DMI.
- the final distorted state of DMI obtained with this process remains close to reality.
- the intermediate strain state is cleverly chosen to effectively simulate the entire strain history.
- Such choices can also prevent that the determination of the intermediate state of deformation, and / or the computation of the state of mechanical equilibrium, does not create (en) t local instability modes, thus undermining the robustness simulation in the face of the variability of possible DMI.
- the intermediate strain state is not necessarily computed in a complex manner by the processing unit using an equation solver.
- the intermediate deformation state of DMI included entirely in the natural cavity is simpler and faster to calculate than the complete history of deformation of DMI.
- the fact of using a three-dimensional model of the wall of the natural cavity makes the results much more precise, especially compared to the use of generic abacus.
- a tailor-made simulation, for example specific to a patient, is obtained.
- the mechanical behavior adopted for this model of natural cavity wall during the calculation of the mechanical equilibrium state is a rigid undeformable behavior, which facilitates the calculation of the mechanical equilibrium state while constituting a an acceptable approximation from a physical point of view.
- the rapid, robust and precise simulation result of the method of the invention allows the healthcare practitioner to quickly conclude on the predictive effectiveness of a given IMD reference for treating the patient, in particular in an emergency context.
- the computation time from obtaining the digital DMI model can be less than one minute, unlike the average computation time for state-of-the-art processes. technique which require the simulation of the real history of deformations.
- the method of the invention is therefore compatible with clinical practice.
- the mechanical behavior of the wall model for the calculation of the mechanical equilibrium state is a rigid undeformable behavior.
- the intermediate deformation state is determined as a function of contact interactions calculated between three-dimensional vertices of the DMI and three-dimensional vertices of the wall model.
- the wall model is geometrically deformed from an initial state so as to fully contain the digital DMI in a rest state of the digital DMI, the wall model then being brought back to the initial state to obtain the intermediate deformation state of digital DMI.
- the determination of the intermediate deformation state comprises obtaining a digital DMI confined in a tool surface associated with a layout tool model, and integrating the DMI into the wall model digital confined in order to obtain the intermediate deformation state.
- the method further comprises a step of determining a central line of the natural cavity, from the wall model, and in which the digital DMI is deformed during its integration so as to follow the central line.
- the digital DMI comprises a plurality of segments and further comprises a plurality of nodes, each node connecting the ends of two consecutive segments.
- the mechanical behavior of at least one segment corresponds to the behavior of a beam, preferably of cylindrical shape.
- - Said segment has a Young's modulus and / or a density and / or a predetermined Poisson's ratio.
- At least one segment of the digital DMI has a mechanical behavior of beam is modeled during the determination of the intermediate deformation state with a first diameter, or with a first thickness, and / or with a first modulus of elasticity (such as a Young's modulus and / or a Poisson's ratio), and / or with a first coefficient of slenderness, and / or with a first radius of gyration, and / or with a first set of critical instability loads, and said segment is modeled during the calculation of the state of mechanical equilibrium respectively with a second different diameter, and / or a second different thickness , and / or a different second modulus of elasticity, and / or a second different slenderness ratio, and / or a different second radius of gyration, and / or a second set of different critical instability loads.
- a first modulus of elasticity such as a Young's modulus and / or a Poisson's ratio
- the mechanical behavior of at least one node corresponds to the behavior of a ball joint.
- the computation of the state of mechanical equilibrium of the digital DMI comprises the computation of a field of displacements Dxi, Dyi, Dzi and of a field of rotations Rxi, Ryi, Rzi of each node i of the digital DMI in a reference three-dimensional linked to the wall model, the two said fields being calculated by applying the fundamental principle of dynamics to said node.
- the calculation of the state of mechanical equilibrium of the digital DMI comprises, for at least one node of the digital DMI, the calculation of a normal force and / or a frictional force applied by the wall model on said node , respectively modeling the resistance of the wall to penetration and the friction between the DMI and the wall.
- the segments and nodes of the digital DMI have at least one end pole, preferably at least two end poles.
- a general shape of the DMI is flattened at the end pole, preferably at the end poles.
- the end pole (s) is (are) modeled with a first concavity when determining the intermediate deformation state, and with a second concavity different from the first concavity when calculating the state of mechanical equilibrium.
- the digital DMI is a model of an intra-saccular cage.
- the digital DMI is a model of a laser-cut stent.
- the method comprises a subsequent step of calculating a predictive apposition of at least part of the three-dimensional vertices of the digital DMI on the wall model, preferably of calculating an apposition of a plurality of nodes of the digital DMI on the wall model.
- the digital DMI corresponds to a DMI reference resulting from a set of DMI references recorded in a database, steps i., ii. and iii. as defined above being repeated for each reference of the set of references.
- the method comprises a subsequent step of determining a real DMI most suitable for implantation in the natural cavity, among the set of references, as a function of the deformed state of the DMI after implantation for each reference of the set references, and / or depending on the affixing of said DMI after implantation on the walls of the natural cavity.
- the invention relates to a computer program product comprising code instructions for implementing the simulation method defined above, when said code instructions are executed by a processing unit.
- the invention relates to a processing unit comprising: means for obtaining a three-dimensional model of the wall of a natural cavity, means for obtaining a digital DMI, preferably configured to generate the Digital DMI according to a DMI reference from a database, computing means configured to determine an intermediate deformation state in which the digital DMI is deformed according to a shape of the wall model, remaining included in said form, the calculation means being further configured to calculate a state of mechanical equilibrium of the digital DMI as a function of a mechanical behavior of the digital DMI and of a mechanical behavior of the wall model, the processing unit being configured to implement a simulation method as defined above.
- Figure 1 schematically illustrates an assembly for simulating the deformation after implantation of a DMI, according to an example.
- Figure 2 shows the steps of a method for determining the deformation after implantation of a DMI according to a first embodiment.
- Figures 3a and 3b show successive steps in generating a digital model of a vascular tree wall.
- FIG. 4 represents a digital model of DMI of the intra-saccular cage type.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an example of possible modeling for a DMI, illustrating a node modeled by a ball joint.
- Figures 6a to 6d represent successive states of an intra-saccular cage model and of a wall model during the post-implantation deformation simulation of the cage according to the method of Figure 2.
- Figure 7 shows the steps of a method for determining the deformation after implantation of a DMI according to a second embodiment.
- FIG. 8 represents a digital model of DMI of the “laser-cut stent” type.
- Figures 9a to 9f show successive states of a stent model during the simulation of post-implantation deformation of the stent according to the method of Figure 7.
- the stent model is included. in the wall model of a natural patient cavity.
- the stent model is confined in a microcatheter shown outside of the natural cavity.
- Figure 10 illustrates a digital DMI simulating the final shape and apposition of a "laser-cut" type stent, superimposed on an image of an actual stent deployed within an actual vascular tree.
- an “implant” or an “implantable medical device” to denote an expandable implant, which can adopt a final position (after implantation and after deployment) within a natural cavity. which is different from its initial position (after implantation and before deployment), and which is also different from its position at rest (deployment in the open air).
- Such an implant typically has a structure composed of a material that is biocompatible for human tissue.
- the implant is usually held in a compressed position by an implantation tool, such as a catheter, at the start of implantation.
- the natural cavity to be treated is an artery from a human or animal patient. It will be understood, however, that the invention can be applied, with the same advantages, to any other bodily conduit capable of receiving an IMD.
- Implantation of simulated DMI using the methods for determining DMI deformation described below is then carried out endovascularly.
- the implantation is for example carried out by radioscopic guidance of the interventional type, using an implantation tool such as a microcatheter.
- the term “geometric characteristics” or even “morphological characteristics” of the natural cavity is understood to mean characteristics of the shape of the cavity, which locally influence the final position of the implant - in particular, but not limited to, the minimum diameter, the diameter. perimeter, the radii of curvature and their spatial derivatives.
- a region of interest comprising the artery to be treated, may be designated by the acronym "ROI".
- ROI An example of an ROI is the area of an aneurysm.
- FIG. 1 a system for determining the positioning of a DMI comprising a processing unit 20 according to the invention.
- This processing unit is, for example, a processor configured to implement a method for determining the deformation of a DMI, according to any one of the exemplary embodiments described below.
- the processing unit 20 is advantageously configured to communicate with an acquisition unit 22 capable of acquiring views making it possible to reconstitute a three-dimensional image of a region of interest of a patient.
- the region of interest includes an artery.
- the acquisition unit 22 can for example be an X-ray imaging system, and the views can for example be acquired as part of a neuro-radiology procedure, for example a three-dimensional angiography acquisition.
- the processing unit 20 communicates with the acquisition unit 22 and / or with the database DB1 so as to receive images Im, by wired link and / or by wireless link using any suitable network (eg Internet).
- the processing unit can extract the images from a hard drive, or receive the images from a storage media playback device such as a CD player or a USB port.
- the processing unit 20 is able to communicate with a database DB1 in which are recorded three-dimensional images of a natural cavity to be treated of a patient and / or views making it possible to reconstitute such three-dimensional images.
- the processing unit further comprises a DB2 database comprising data relating to implantable medical device references, or “DMI”. Said data can be provided by manufacturers of DMI, or determined analytically or experimentally.
- the processing unit 20 comprises digital model generation means, capable of generating a digital DMI in accordance with a DMI reference originating from the DB2 database.
- the data associated with a DMI reference in the DB2 database includes physical characteristics of DMI such as maximum diameter and / or maximum length, and / or prerecorded mechanical models of DMI, for example models in the form of a network of segments linked together by nodes.
- the DB2 database comprises a set of DMI references from among which a particular reference can be selected to launch the simulation according to the method below.
- This variant is advantageous because it allows the user to obtain simulation results for several different DMI references, after which a reference giving the most satisfactory results (for example, the best affixing on the walls of the cavity) is chosen for the operation.
- the DB2 database is remote from the processing unit 20 and a link between the processing unit 20 and the DB2 database is made by any suitable means, for example wirelessly via a communication network.
- the processing unit 20 is further linked to a display device 21, providing a graphical interface to a user for the display of three-dimensional images modeling a region of interest typically comprising a natural cavity to be treated.
- the display device 21 can also be configured to display simulation results resulting from the implementation of the method which will be described below. For example, it displays three-dimensional views of a digital DMI after simulation of the deployment in the region of interest.
- the display device 21 displays a user interface for entering instructions and, optionally, for selecting DMI references.
- the user of the processing unit 20 and of the associated display device 21 is, for example, a healthcare practitioner.
- the system shown in Figure 1, which in particular comprises the processing unit 20, can be used for the implementation of a method of simulating the deformation of an IMD after its implantation in an artery of a patient.
- the natural cavity is then a region of interest within a patient's vascular tree.
- FIG. 2 shows an example of a simulation method that can be implemented by the processing unit 20, in which the IMD to be simulated is an intra-saccular cage which must be used for the treatment of an aneurysm at the level of the muscle. region of interest. It will be noted that the simulation method according to this example can be used for other types of self-expanding DMI.
- DMI three-dimensional model of the wall of the artery at the level of the ROI, and where appropriate from a three-dimensional model of DMI (hereinafter “digital DMI”), which corresponds for example to the DMI at the rest as it can be found "on the shelf”, the simulation makes it possible to obtain a three-dimensional model of the IMD in mechanical equilibrium within the artery, after implantation in the artery and after deployment.
- digital DMI three-dimensional model of DMI
- the simulation result includes the relative position of the points of the digital DMI with respect to the points of a wall model representing the ROI of the artery, in a state of mechanical equilibrium.
- This simulation process is particularly useful in the context of a very rapid decision-making by a healthcare practitioner, for the choice of an IMD to be implanted in a patient who has just suffered or is about to suffer a vascular accident. cerebral or stroke.
- the simulation can be used with the same advantages for the treatment of strictures, thrombectomies, for the replacement of heart valves or for the treatment of aneurysms of the abdominal aorta.
- simulation of deformation after implantation of the DMI can be carried out upstream of this implantation, or during the implantation.
- a model 1 of the wall of the patient's artery, including the ROI to be treated is generated by the processing unit 20 or by separate calculation means capable of exchanging data with the unit. treatment.
- model 1 of the wall of the artery was carried out prior to the simulation and is obtained by the processing unit 20 from a medical database.
- the wall model 1 is typically obtained by image processing, from three-dimensional images of the patient's artery obtained for example by 3D rotational angiography.
- the three-dimensional image of the artery can be segmented by the “marching cubes” method known in the field of image reconstruction.
- the three-dimensional images are here extracted directly from the acquisition unit 22.
- the three-dimensional images can be obtained from the database DB1.
- Figure 3a shows an example of Model 1 of an artery wall.
- An entry point I and an exit point S have been defined, for example manually by a practitioner. Alternatively, the entry and exit points are detected automatically.
- Point I is a point through which an implantation tool, such as a microcatheter, including the compressed DMI can be inserted into the ROI during the procedure.
- the wall model 1 preferably comprises a discretized three-dimensional surface which approximates the actual wall of the artery.
- Model 1 includes, for example, a surface formed of triangles contiguous to each other, said surface being planar inside a given triangle.
- a central line C of the artery at the level of the ROI is further generated or obtained by the processing unit.
- a central line C calculated from the wall model 1 of Figure 3a.
- the central line C is advantageously oriented. It then comprises a set of points in space.
- a local basis R preferably direct orthonormal, is obtained at a plurality of these points, optionally at each of these points.
- the base obtained can be direct non-orthonormal.
- the center line C can be calculated by minimizing the travel time of fluid particles along the wall model 1.
- the central line then corresponds to the fastest path for the particles to migrate from the entry point I to the exit point S.
- This fastest path can, by way of example, be calculated by considering the hypothesis according to in which the velocity of a fluid particle is proportional to its distance from the vessel wall.
- the calculation of the center line C is advantageous for the initial positioning of the digital DMI.
- the digital DMI can be positioned anywhere on the center line within the wall model.
- the calculation of the central line C is also useful for determining the intermediate deformation state of the DMI, in the case where the latter is simulated inside an implantation tool such as a micro -catheter. This scenario is described below.
- the processing unit 20 For the subsequent calculation of the intermediate deformation state and for the calculation of the mechanical equilibrium, it is not necessary for the processing unit 20 to have a physical model of the mechanical behavior of the elements of the wall model 1 . A geometric representation of the surface of the wall model 1 may suffice.
- a model of DMI 2, or “digital DMI”, is generated by the processing unit 20 or by separate calculation means capable of communicating with the processing unit, and is stored in the memory. of the processing unit.
- the processing unit 20 extracts the digital DMI from a database.
- the digital DMI 2 constitutes a physical and geometric model of the DMI, which makes it possible to simulate its interaction with the wall of the artery to be treated.
- the digital DMI is preferably the implant at rest, as it can be found off the shelf.
- Digital DMI 2 is stored as a series of points whose three-dimensional coordinates are stored in memory. Connections between the nodes are preferably also recorded in memory, which makes it possible to reconstitute segments which discretize the mechanical structure of the DMI.
- the set of points of digital DMI 2 comprises a plurality of segments 10 joined together by nodes 11.
- Each node connects together two ends of two consecutive segments.
- a given node can possibly connect more than two segments.
- the nodes 11 of the digital DMI are thus interconnected by the segments 10.
- the assembly formed by the nodes and the segments forms a mesh which constitutes a discretized model of the shape of the DMI.
- This model is particularly relevant for modeling thin DMIs.
- the simulated DMI is an intra-saccular cage made up of a braiding of metallic threads of biocompatible material, intertwined so as to form a mesh.
- a digital DMI 2a suitable for this type of implant, shown in Figure 4, is a set of segments that describe an overall spherical shape (flattened at two poles of the digital DMI).
- the digital DMI obtained or generated by the processing unit can correspond to a reference from a set of DMI references stored in the DB2 database.
- the practitioner can select, via the user interface, a reference corresponding to a particular shape and / or size of implant at rest, and / or a particular material, and / or a type of implant such as an intra-saccular cage, a laser-cut stent, a flow diverter, an implant of overall conical shape, etc.
- a predetermined mechanical behavior can be attributed to the elements of the digital DMI, here to the segments 10 and to the nodes 11 of the digital DMI 2a.
- the mechanical behavior associated with the elements of the digital DMI is in particular useful for determining the mechanical stresses exerted on the DMI when the latter is in an intermediate deformation state, as will be described below.
- the mechanical behavior of the digital DMI may not be known when determining the intermediate deformation state of the digital DMI and the wall model.
- each segment 10 is here considered as a beam element which makes it possible to discretize a neutral fiber of the DMI.
- neutral fiber is meant the curve connecting the centers of gravity of the straight sections forming the structure of the DMI.
- the structure of the DMI is thus assimilated to a tubular volume described by the segments placed end to end along the neutral fiber.
- the tubular volume is generated by all of the straight sections.
- the straight sections are here circular, but a modeling with other types of sections (triangular, rectangular, etc.) can be adopted.
- This model allows, during the subsequent numerical simulation of the mechanical interactions between the DMI and the wall, to differ at the level of the neutral fiber the forces applied to the tubular volume of the segment.
- a set of predetermined parameters can be associated with each beam element (each segment), including a predetermined Young's modulus E, a Poisson's ratio v and a density p.
- all the beam elements can be associated with the same parameters. It is preferably considered that the material constituting these beam elements is elastic, homogeneous and isotropic.
- a braided type stent such as the intra-saccular cage modeled by the digital DMI 2a
- FIG. 5 is an illustrative diagram of this modeling for a node 11 of the digital DMI 2a.
- four segments intersect at node 11, including two segments 101 which model a first wire of the cage and two segments 102 which model a second wire of the cage.
- each of the segments is free to rotate in space with respect to the other segments (neglected friction).
- the segments are not free in translation with respect to each other (relative translation of the two wires neglected).
- This modeling is relevant in the case of a stent with a dense braiding of threads, such as an intra-saccular cage. It reinforces the speed, the stability and the robustness of the strain calculation applied to digital DMI 2a.
- the simulation then comprises the determination 300a of an intermediate deformation state for the system formed by the wall model 1 and the digital DMI 2a.
- This intermediate deformation state is a theoretical state of DMI relative to the artery wall. In this intermediate deformation state, the digital DMI is fully included within the wall model.
- the wall model In the intermediate deformation state of the digital DMI, the wall model preferably has the same shape as at rest.
- shape of the wall model we hears the spatial positions of the points of the wall model, relative to each other.
- the shape of the digital DMI here depends on the positions of the three-dimensional vertices of the digital DMI.
- the shape of the digital DMI is drawn by the surface joining the nodes.
- the wall of the natural cavity is considered to be rigid and undeformable here, especially during the calculation of the mechanical equilibrium between the digital DMI and said wall.
- the calculation of mechanical equilibrium is robust and fast, while remaining an acceptable approximation of reality.
- digital DMI is not considered to be dimensionally stable. This is deformed according to the shape of the wall model.
- the digital DMI 2a is first placed, in sub-step 301, in the frame of reference linked to the wall model 1. If a central line C has been calculated, a center of digital DMI 2a is placed on center line C.
- the digital DMI 2a can be placed at a positioning point (for example an entry point, not shown) in the coordinate system linked to the wall model.
- the digital DMI 2a models an intra-saccular cage at rest, in a state where it is not subjected to mechanical stress tending to retract it.
- the cage For proper placement of the cage on the walls of the aneurysm, the cage must be more extended at rest than inside the aneurysm.
- the digital DMI 2a is preferably chosen with a size sufficient to cross, at rest, the surface of the wall model 1 when said DMI is placed on the center line.
- FIG. 6a illustrates the digital DMI in a first extended 2a-1 state and the wall model in its 1 -1 state at rest, at the end of sub-step 301.
- the reference 12 has been assigned to the two poles d opposite ends of the DMI, which are initially retracted inward.
- the wall model is then enlarged in a substep 302, so that the wall model covers the entire surface of the digital DMI.
- This enlargement corresponds to the momentary deformation of the wall model mentioned above.
- the deformation of the wall model is here a sub-step of calculation of the state of deformation intermediate of the DMI inside the wall, but this deformation of the wall model is not kept for the subsequent calculations of the mechanical equilibrium of the DMI.
- the nodes 11 of the digital DMI are surrounded by the surface of the wall model.
- a cylindrical deformation is for example applied to the surface of the wall model 1, as a function of a maximum diameter and / or a maximum height of the digital DMI 2a at rest.
- Figure 6b illustrates the digital DMI in a second extended state 2a-2 and the wall model in its 1 -2 state enlarged to include the extended DMI, at the end of substep 302.
- the 12 end poles of the digital DMI are, in the second extended state 2a-2, reoriented outward.
- the digital DMI in state 2a-2 is generally convex.
- the rest state of the digital DMI taken as the starting position of the digital DMI before considering contact interactions with the wall model, can be selected to simplify the calculation of the intermediate deformation state.
- the geometry at rest of the digital DMI drawn by the segments and the nodes
- the resting geometry of the digital DMI is changed by reversing the concavity of the end poles of the intra-saccular cage to achieve the second extended state 2a-2, as shown in Figure 6b.
- This geometry has the advantage of allowing to obtain, during the subsequent calculation of the mechanical equilibrium, a strain history closer to the real strain history of the DMI.
- the wall model is then progressively deformed in a substep 303 to be brought back to its state at rest 1 -1 (the wall being considered as rigid and undeformable), generating a deformation of the digital DMI up to 'to achieve the desired intermediate deformation state.
- a mechanical calculation of contact interactions between the DMI and the wall is preferably carried out iteratively. Successive deformations of the digital DMI are calculated over the course of these iterations, according to the contact interactions obtained. The positions of the three-dimensional vertices of the digital DMI are recalculated at each iteration. During these successive deformations, the digital DMI remains included in the wall model.
- the mechanical behavior of the mechanical elements of the digital DMI - here the nodes and the segments of the intra-sacisme cage - is simplified compared to the mechanical behavior which is considered subsequently for the calculation of mechanical equilibrium.
- the thickness of the segments is multiplied by ten to avoid buckling phenomena during step 300a of calculating the intermediate deformation state.
- one or more of the following parameters of the segments could be modified only for step 300a of calculating the intermediate deformation state, making it possible in particular to facilitate the calculations: the diameter and / or the thickness and / or a modulus of elasticity (Poisson's ratio and / or Young's modulus) and / or the coefficient of slenderness and / or the radius of gyration and / or one or more critical loads of instability.
- the diameter and / or the thickness and / or a modulus of elasticity Poisson's ratio and / or Young's modulus
- the coefficient of slenderness and / or the radius of gyration and / or one or more critical loads of instability.
- the average diameter of the stent in the intermediate deformation state (for example, stent inserted into a tool surface) can be chosen to be strictly less than the diameter " actual 'of the stent calculated when determining the mechanical steady state of the DMI.
- the digital DMI After returning the wall to rest in step 303, the digital DMI exhibits a deformed state which is selected as the intermediate deformation state E2.
- the intermediate deformation state E2 for this example is illustrated in Figure 6c.
- An advantage of determining such an intermediate deformation state is to cleverly initialize the subsequent calculation of the mechanical equilibrium between the numerical DMI and the wall model.
- the digital DMI will be gradually relaxed when calculating the mechanical equilibrium of the DMI - this time taking into account a more complex mechanical behavior for the DMI and possibly for the wall.
- the wall of the cavity is considered to be rigid and undeformable.
- the expansion of this wall under the effect of the spontaneous expansion of the IMD after implantation is thus neglected.
- the numerical resolution of the mechanical equilibrium can be carried out from equations of displacement and / or rotation of the points of the digital DMI in the reference frame of the wall model.
- the nodes being indexed by the index i one calculates a field of displacements (Dxi, Dyi, Dzi) and a field of rotations (Rxi, Ryi, Rzi) of each node i of the digital DMI in a reference linked to the wall model , by applying the fundamental principle of dynamics on said node.
- the inertia of the DMI is neglected and the acceleration is taken to be zero when applying the fundamental principle of dynamics. We therefore apply the fundamental principle of statics.
- the processing unit 20 For each node i, starting from a given state of the digital DMI (for example the second extended state 2a-2 of the digital DMI), the processing unit 20 first determines whether there is penetration of the wall of the cavity by node i.
- nodes of the digital DMI come into contact with the surface of the wall model. If a penetration at a node i is detected, the forces exerted on node i are modeled by a normal force F n0 rmai and a frictional force Ffnction applied by the wall model on said node, respectively modeling the resistance of the wall to the penetration of the node, and the friction between the DMI and the wall.
- the norm of the force F ermai is taken equal to the product kxp, with k the rigidity of a spring modeling the contact rigidity of the wall and p the penetration distance of the node i in the wall model, according to a direction normal to Wall. The greater the penetration and stiffness of the spring, the greater the force F n0 rmai.
- the force F fnction is modeled on a direction tangential to the wall, and its norm is taken equal to the norm of the force F n0rmai multiplied by a coefficient of friction m.
- the model of the mechanical interactions could integrate only the force F n0 rmai, which corresponds to a contact without friction. However, it is preferable to integrate the frictional force as well as the normal force to ensure good accuracy of the mechanical balance simulation.
- boundary conditions can be imposed on certain vertices of the digital DMI and taken into consideration in the mechanical behavior of the DMI.
- Displacements in translation and / or in rotation of certain nodes of the digital DMI can be constrained during the computation of the successive deformations of the DMI.
- An advantage of using the boundary conditions at the vertices of a lower edge of the DMI is to improve the modeling of the contact at the DMI tether with an implantation tool, such as a micro-catheter. .
- boundary conditions are used during the computation of the intermediate strain state and / or during the computation of the mechanical equilibrium of the digital DMI.
- a first advantage of using boundary conditions is to make the system of equations to be solved better conditioned, and to make the solutions obtained more stable.
- a second advantage, particularly in determining the mechanical equilibrium of the digital IMD, is to guide the progressive deformation of the digital IMD to a final deformation state closer to clinical reality.
- a state of mechanical equilibrium E3 of the digital DMI is calculated by obtaining mechanical stresses at the level of the vertices of the digital DMI, and by simulating the relaxation of these stresses by calculation.
- the relaxation of the mechanical stresses exerted on the vertices of the DMI corresponds to an iterative calculation of successive states of deformation of the digital DMI, until a position considered as a position of mechanical equilibrium with the wall model is reached.
- the digital DMI 2 is progressively relaxed to conform to the shape of the wall model 1, like the actual behavior of the DMI tending to its rest position by deploying inside the wall. 'artery.
- the stresses obtained by calculation depend on the respective mechanical behaviors of the digital DMI and of the wall model.
- the mechanical stresses include the contact interactions between the DMI and the wall, calculated for example according to the modeling defined above.
- the behavior of the wall model 1 during the calculation of the mechanical equilibrium is preferably chosen rigid undeformable.
- the wall has the same shape during the mechanical equilibrium calculation as at the start of the simulation - except that, as indicated above, we could momentarily deform the wall model during the determination of l 'intermediate state of deformation.
- step 400 the calculation of the deformation of the DMI to achieve mechanical equilibrium is carried out in step 400 by solving the equations representative of the mechanical interactions between the mechanical elements of the digital DMI and the wall model.
- the state of mechanical equilibrium is possibly the last of several progressive strain states calculated from the intermediate strain state.
- the formulation used for the equations of the mechanical interactions between the DMI and the wall preferably corresponds to the co-rotational formulation of the fields of displacements and rotations of the nodes of the digital DMI 2, as defined above.
- Figure 6d illustrates the digital DMI and the wall model of Figures 6a to 6c after the mechanical equilibrium calculation. From the state of Figure 6c, the state of mechanical equilibrium E3 of the digital DMI is calculated by considering the actual geometry of the DMI in the quiescent state.
- the 12 end poles of the DMI are retracted inward.
- the mechanical stresses on the DMI are relaxed, and as a result of this stress relaxation, the end poles 12 spontaneously retract inward again.
- the concavity of the end poles 12 is chosen to be different between the state of intermediate deformation of the digital IMD (here of the intra-saccular cage) and its state of mechanical equilibrium.
- the mechanical equilibrium calculation carried out here is of non-linear type. It is possible to obtain an approximation of the mechanical interactions which is very close to the realized. The prediction of the shape and final arrangement of the implant in the natural cavity is therefore very reliable and precise.
- the mechanical equilibrium is calculated for each of the nodes of digital DMI 2a.
- the resolution can only be carried out for certain points, the positions of the other nodes at equilibrium then being extrapolated from those of these points.
- the calculation of the mechanical equilibrium is considered complete when a convergence criterion of the deformation states, recorded in the processing unit, is reached.
- the DMI to be simulated is of the “laser-cut stent” type in the present example.
- This example of DMI does not have an overall spherical shape. It will be noted that the simulation method according to this second example can be used for all types of expandable DMI, even if its use is described here for a DMI of the laser-cut stent type.
- Figure 8 illustrates a three-dimensional view of a digital DMI 2b consisting of segments 10 and nodes 11 generated to simulate the shape of the laser-cut stent.
- the behavior attributed to the mechanical elements of this model is similar to that of the DMI 2a of the example above, except for the fact that it is not necessary to model the intersection between the segments ( the wires) of the digital DMI by ball joints. This is because the laser-cut type stent is not a braided implant, and the ball-and-socket model is therefore less relevant here.
- the longitudinal deformation is caused to be greater than for the first example of the simulation method described above in relation to Figure 2.
- the unit of processing implements a determination 300b of an intermediate deformation state for the system formed by the wall model 1 and the digital DMI 2a.
- the desired intermediate strain state is a theoretical state of the DMI relative to the artery wall, in which the digital DMI is fully included within the wall model.
- This intermediate deformation state is theoretical, and does not necessarily involve calculating mechanical interactions between the DMI and the wall.
- the intermediate deformation state is here obtained by substeps of:
- an implantation tool model 3 here a micro-catheter, the tool model comprising in particular a surface 30 of the tool
- the simulation then continues, in a manner similar to the first example of a simulation method described in relation to Figure 2, by a deformation of the digital DMI towards the intermediate deformation state, then a relaxation of the mechanical stresses undergone by the digital DMI until 'to reach a state of mechanical equilibrium.
- FIGS 9a through 9e illustrate the achievement of the intermediate strain state.
- the digital DMI in its 2b-1 state is positioned in the vicinity of an area to be treated, for example at a positioning point located along the center line C.
- State 2b-1 corresponds to the DMI at rest, unconstrained.
- the digital DMI then intersects the wall model in a plurality of zones, the mechanical interactions between the DMI and the wall not being taken into account.
- a microcatheter of length preferably substantially greater than that of the digital DMI in state 2b-1, is generated in an initial state.
- a longer catheter length than the digital IMD is preferable because the IMD is made to lengthen more so that it will be compressed into a small diameter of the microcatheter.
- the simulated microcatheter is for example of cylindrical shape. Its radius is preferably smaller than the minimum radius of the natural cavity in the ROI.
- the implantation tool model is not necessarily generated by the processing unit 20, but can be retrieved from a database.
- the digital DMI is inserted into the implantation tool model (here a micro-catheter).
- the surface 30 of the microcatheter is first expanded so that the microcatheter encompasses the digital IMD in the 2b-1 state at rest.
- the microcatheter thus encompassing the digital DMI is shown in Figure 9b (separate from the patient's natural cavity wall model).
- the surface 30 is gradually retracted to return the microcatheter to its initial state, the digital DMI remaining included in the microcatheter.
- the confined digital DMI 2b-2 is compressed into the tool surface 30 of the microcatheter.
- the digital confined DMI 2b-2 is ready to be included in the wall model.
- the previously generated micro-catheter is not included here within the wall model.
- the sub-steps for calculating the confined state of the DMI are implemented only once for each DMI reference, “offline” upstream of the simulation.
- the confined state of the DMI is stored in a database, to be reused later during the simulation and to determine the intermediate deformation state of the digital DMI in a natural cavity.
- An advantage of a computation carried out "offline" of the confined state of the DMI is to greatly reduce the simulation time, which increases the reactivity of the simulation and speeds up the possible choice of the DMI reference to be implemented.
- the sub-step 312 implemented for the simulation simply consists in recovering from the database the digital DMI in the state confined in the tool surface.
- the digital DMI is integrated within the wall model 1, in the wall model repository.
- the digital DMI 2b is deformed during its positioning in step 313, from its state 2b-2 compressed in the tool surface 30, so as to make it follow the center line C of the artery provided with a curvilinear abscissa and its local landmark.
- the digital DMI thus reaches a 2b-3 deformation state.
- an intermediate deformation state E2 of the digital DMI is obtained, in which the digital DMI is completely included in the wall.
- Such an intermediate deformation state E2 is shown in FIG. 9e.
- a state of mechanical equilibrium E3 between the digital DMI 2b and the wall model 1 can be calculated by the processing unit 20, in a robust and rapid manner, at a step 400.
- Successive deformation states taking into account the mechanical interactions between the digital DMI and the wall model, are iteratively calculated until convergence towards mechanical equilibrium.
- a plurality of portions of the digital DMI are deformed in the local orthonormal frame R of the central line C.
- the portions of the DMI are for example successive longitudinal portions along the central line.
- FIG. 9f Illustrated in Figure 9f the digital DMI in a state 2b-4 in which a mechanical equilibrium is reached.
- the state of mechanical equilibrium corresponds to the simulated deformation of the DMI after its implantation in the patient's natural cavity.
- the simulation methods illustrated respectively in Figure 2 and in Figure 7 comprise a step of calculating a predictive local apposition of the DMI, comprising the calculation of the distance between the nodes of the digital DMI and the wall model at the equilibrium state E3 obtained above.
- the distance data thus calculated are advantageously illustrated by a map representative of the predictive local affixing of the implant against the wall of the natural cavity.
- We speak of "local" apposition because this apposition is specific to each digital DMI summit.
- a threshold distance can be pre-recorded in a memory of the processing unit.
- a point of the digital DMI for example a node whose distance to the surface of the wall model is less than this threshold distance is considered to be in contact with the wall model, which corresponds to a correct apposition.
- the distinction between a good and a bad affixing, and therefore the coloring of the areas of the DMI depend on the pre-recorded or selected threshold distance.
- the predictive local affixing map of the DMI is displayed on the graphical interface provided by the display device 21. The practitioner can choose a DMI reference to be implanted, or confirm the choice of DMI made, by noting the quality of the affixing of the DMI against the natural cavity at the level of the ROI.
- FIG. 10 shows an example of an affixing map resulting from the deformation simulation of a "laser-cut stent" type DMI.
- a "laser-cut stent" type DMI There is a good apposition for the central zone of the DMI. Areas of DMI near the extremities show weaker apposition; for such a stent, the entire surface of the DMI is not expected to be affixed against the artery walls.
- Figure 10 also includes, superimposed with the affixation map associated with the digital DMI, a view of the actual DMI 5 after expansion within artery 4. The latter view is taken from 3DRA images of the artery.
- results of the DMI deformation simulation after implantation are very close to clinical reality, the ends of the model being close to the points of the real DMI 5 visible on the 3DRA images.
- the simulation process is very precise.
- an average predictive apposition is computable.
- the simulation makes it possible to determine the DMI reference for which the average predictive apposition is the highest. The practitioner can use this information to finalize his choice of the most suitable DMI reference.
- the practitioner can make his choice based on other information resulting from the deformation simulation of the DMI after implantation. For example, the practitioner discards DMI references for which an unwanted obstruction of arteries neighboring the area to be treated is predicted.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1911706A FR3102288B1 (fr) | 2019-10-18 | 2019-10-18 | Simulation de la déformation après implantation d’un dispositif médical implantable |
| PCT/FR2020/051864 WO2021074552A1 (fr) | 2019-10-18 | 2020-10-16 | Simulation de la déformation après implantation d'un dispositif médical implantable |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4046166A1 true EP4046166A1 (fr) | 2022-08-24 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP20803223.5A Pending EP4046166A1 (fr) | 2019-10-18 | 2020-10-16 | Simulation de la déformation après implantation d'un dispositif médical implantable |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20220367047A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4046166A1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN114585318B (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3102288B1 (fr) |
| IL (1) | IL292243A (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2021074552A1 (fr) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN118319485B (zh) * | 2024-04-09 | 2025-10-03 | 强联智创(北京)科技有限公司 | 用于模拟弹簧圈置入动脉瘤的方法、电子设备及存储介质 |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2393625A1 (fr) * | 2009-02-03 | 2011-12-14 | Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. | Procédé amélioré de coupe au laser pour former des stents |
| US8983809B2 (en) * | 2011-12-06 | 2015-03-17 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method and system for patient-specific hemodynamic assessment of virtual stent implantation |
| CN103198202B (zh) * | 2012-12-19 | 2017-05-17 | 首都医科大学 | 颅内动脉瘤介入治疗支架植入图像仿真方法 |
| JP2017511712A (ja) * | 2014-02-04 | 2017-04-27 | インテュイティブ サージカル オペレーションズ, インコーポレイテッド | 介入ツールの仮想ナビゲーションのための組織の非剛体変形のためのシステム及び方法 |
| CN107978372A (zh) * | 2017-12-07 | 2018-05-01 | 北京理工大学 | 虚拟支架在血管内扩张的模拟方法、装置及电子设备 |
| FR3075447B1 (fr) | 2017-12-19 | 2020-06-12 | Sim&Cure | Procede de determination du positionnement en position deployee d'un dispositif medical implantable apres expansion dans une artere |
| IT201800004044A1 (it) * | 2018-03-28 | 2019-09-28 | Promeditec S R L | Metodo e sistema per modellizzazione e simulazione computazionale funzionale e/o strutturale di dispositivi medicali impiantabili o utilizzabili su pazienti |
| EP3771449A1 (fr) * | 2019-07-31 | 2021-02-03 | Siemens Healthcare GmbH | Procédé de simulation de déformation et dispositif |
-
2019
- 2019-10-18 FR FR1911706A patent/FR3102288B1/fr active Active
-
2020
- 2020-10-16 US US17/765,134 patent/US20220367047A1/en active Pending
- 2020-10-16 EP EP20803223.5A patent/EP4046166A1/fr active Pending
- 2020-10-16 CN CN202080072834.7A patent/CN114585318B/zh active Active
- 2020-10-16 WO PCT/FR2020/051864 patent/WO2021074552A1/fr not_active Ceased
-
2022
- 2022-04-13 IL IL292243A patent/IL292243A/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2021074552A1 (fr) | 2021-04-22 |
| CN114585318A (zh) | 2022-06-03 |
| FR3102288A1 (fr) | 2021-04-23 |
| US20220367047A1 (en) | 2022-11-17 |
| FR3102288B1 (fr) | 2024-04-05 |
| CN114585318B (zh) | 2025-10-03 |
| IL292243A (en) | 2022-06-01 |
| AU2020365500A1 (en) | 2022-04-21 |
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