EP4058621A4 - METHOD FOR ALKALISING OR REALKALISING AN ACTIVE ELECTRODE MATERIAL - Google Patents

METHOD FOR ALKALISING OR REALKALISING AN ACTIVE ELECTRODE MATERIAL

Info

Publication number
EP4058621A4
EP4058621A4 EP20887315.8A EP20887315A EP4058621A4 EP 4058621 A4 EP4058621 A4 EP 4058621A4 EP 20887315 A EP20887315 A EP 20887315A EP 4058621 A4 EP4058621 A4 EP 4058621A4
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
realkalising
alkalising
electrode material
active electrode
active
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP20887315.8A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP4058621A1 (en
Inventor
Kamyab Amouzegar
François Larouche
Pascal Champagne
Georges Houlachi
Patrick Bouchard
Karim Zaghib
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hydro Quebec
Original Assignee
Hydro Quebec
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hydro Quebec filed Critical Hydro Quebec
Publication of EP4058621A1 publication Critical patent/EP4058621A1/en
Publication of EP4058621A4 publication Critical patent/EP4058621A4/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/14—Alkali metal compounds
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/1397—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
    • C01B25/16—Oxyacids of phosphorus; Salts thereof
    • C01B25/26—Phosphates
    • C01B25/37—Phosphates of heavy metals
    • C01B25/375—Phosphates of heavy metals of iron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
    • C01B25/16—Oxyacids of phosphorus; Salts thereof
    • C01B25/26—Phosphates
    • C01B25/45—Phosphates containing plural metal, or metal and ammonium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/50—Processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B3/00—Electrolytic production of organic compounds
    • C25B3/01—Products
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
    • H01M4/0404—Methods of deposition of the material by coating on electrode collectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/0438—Processes of manufacture in general by electrochemical processing
    • H01M4/045—Electrochemical coating; Electrochemical impregnation
    • H01M4/0452—Electrochemical coating; Electrochemical impregnation from solutions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/0438—Processes of manufacture in general by electrochemical processing
    • H01M4/0459—Electrochemical doping, intercalation, occlusion or alloying
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/1391—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/621—Binders
    • H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/621—Binders
    • H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
    • H01M4/623—Binders being polymers fluorinated polymers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
    • H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
    • C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
    • C01P2002/72—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/40—Electric properties
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/10—Batteries in stationary systems, e.g. emergency power source in plant
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/30—Batteries in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
EP20887315.8A 2019-11-13 2020-11-13 METHOD FOR ALKALISING OR REALKALISING AN ACTIVE ELECTRODE MATERIAL Pending EP4058621A4 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201962934782P 2019-11-13 2019-11-13
PCT/CA2020/051547 WO2021092692A1 (en) 2019-11-13 2020-11-13 Methods for the alkalization or realkalization of an active electrode material

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4058621A1 EP4058621A1 (en) 2022-09-21
EP4058621A4 true EP4058621A4 (en) 2025-08-06

Family

ID=75911287

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20887315.8A Pending EP4058621A4 (en) 2019-11-13 2020-11-13 METHOD FOR ALKALISING OR REALKALISING AN ACTIVE ELECTRODE MATERIAL

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20220393146A1 (en)
EP (1) EP4058621A4 (en)
JP (2) JP7803857B2 (en)
KR (1) KR20220099992A (en)
CN (2) CN120006302A (en)
CA (1) CA3157867A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2021092692A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR102887811B1 (en) * 2020-05-25 2025-11-17 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 Reuse method of active material of positive electrode scrap
EP4658841A1 (en) * 2023-02-03 2025-12-10 Hydro-Québec Method for producing lithium metal or an alloy thereof or for prelithiating an electrode material

Citations (5)

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EP0778985B1 (en) * 1994-08-19 2000-01-12 Tracor Applied Sciences, Inc. Lithium ion battery with lithium vanadium pentoxide positive electrode
CN102881865A (en) * 2012-09-14 2013-01-16 北京鼎能开源电池科技股份有限公司 Method for manufacturing positive plate of battery
WO2015121684A1 (en) * 2014-02-14 2015-08-20 University Of Southampton Sequestration of lithium
CN103276406B (en) * 2013-03-29 2017-04-12 江西省电力科学研究院 Electrochemical lithium recovery method
WO2019172661A1 (en) * 2018-03-07 2019-09-12 주식회사 엘지화학 Method for manufacturing negative electrode

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US6815122B2 (en) * 2002-03-06 2004-11-09 Valence Technology, Inc. Alkali transition metal phosphates and related electrode active materials
CA2791156C (en) * 2003-12-23 2015-12-15 Universite De Montreal Process for preparing electroactive insertion compounds and electrode materials obtained therefrom
US8148015B2 (en) * 2008-03-21 2012-04-03 Byd Company Limited Cathode materials for lithium batteries
TW201311547A (en) * 2011-08-03 2013-03-16 Murata Manufacturing Co Iron lithium phosphate preparation method, electrode active material, and secondary battery
CN104081573B (en) * 2011-12-01 2018-01-16 那诺思卡乐康母庞特公司 The method of alkalization anode
US10741890B2 (en) * 2012-04-04 2020-08-11 Worcester Polytechnic Institute Method and apparatus for recycling lithium iron phosphate batteries
CN102790214B (en) * 2012-08-15 2014-07-16 四川大学 Method for preparing lithium iron phosphate
CN105895904B (en) * 2014-08-13 2019-02-22 孚能科技（赣州）有限公司 Method for preparing and recovering positive electrode active material for lithium ion battery
FI127782B (en) * 2014-12-02 2019-02-15 Keliber Oy A process for the production of lithium metal phosphates
US10396865B2 (en) * 2015-03-19 2019-08-27 Commscope Technologies Llc Spectral analysis signal identification
WO2016205780A1 (en) * 2015-06-19 2016-12-22 24M Technologies, Inc. Methods for electrochemical cell remediation
CN105024106B (en) * 2015-07-31 2018-01-12 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 A method for reclaiming iron phosphate from waste lithium ion batteries and scrap positive electrodes
CN108292759B (en) * 2015-09-14 2020-10-30 纳米技术仪器公司 Alkali metal or alkali ion battery with high volumetric and gravimetric energy densities
US10026995B2 (en) * 2016-01-15 2018-07-17 Nanotek Instruments, Inc. Method of producing alkali metal or alkali-ion batteries having high volumetric and gravimetric energy densities
EP3414787B1 (en) * 2016-02-09 2023-01-18 CAMX Power LLC Pre-lithiated electrode materials and cells employing the same
JP6991159B2 (en) * 2016-05-20 2022-01-12 ハイドロ－ケベック Process for recycling lithium battery electrode materials
US20210091426A1 (en) * 2017-04-06 2021-03-25 Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties Inc. Lithium-ion battery recycling processes and systems
CN109659487B (en) * 2018-12-18 2020-12-08 华中科技大学 A pre-lithiation method for lithium metal anode protection
CN109837392A (en) * 2019-01-25 2019-06-04 宁波行殊新能源科技有限公司 The recycling and regeneration method of lithium ion battery anode material waste material
CN110600735B (en) * 2019-09-27 2020-11-13 东莞理工学院 A kind of method and application of low-cost preparation of lithium iron phosphate cathode material

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0778985B1 (en) * 1994-08-19 2000-01-12 Tracor Applied Sciences, Inc. Lithium ion battery with lithium vanadium pentoxide positive electrode
CN102881865A (en) * 2012-09-14 2013-01-16 北京鼎能开源电池科技股份有限公司 Method for manufacturing positive plate of battery
CN103276406B (en) * 2013-03-29 2017-04-12 江西省电力科学研究院 Electrochemical lithium recovery method
WO2015121684A1 (en) * 2014-02-14 2015-08-20 University Of Southampton Sequestration of lithium
WO2019172661A1 (en) * 2018-03-07 2019-09-12 주식회사 엘지화학 Method for manufacturing negative electrode
EP3731312A1 (en) * 2018-03-07 2020-10-28 Lg Chem, Ltd. Method for manufacturing negative electrode

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
KANOH HIROFUMI ET AL: "Selective Electroinsertion of Lithium Ions into a Pt/X-MnOz Electrode in the Aqueous Phase", LANGMUIR, 1 September 1991 (1991-09-01), pages 1841 - 1842, XP093252446, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/la00057a002> [retrieved on 20250220] *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN120006302A (en) 2025-05-16
CN114729462A (en) 2022-07-08
CN114729462B (en) 2025-02-25
WO2021092692A1 (en) 2021-05-20
KR20220099992A (en) 2022-07-14
JP7803857B2 (en) 2026-01-21
JP2026063018A (en) 2026-04-10
CA3157867A1 (en) 2021-05-20
JP2023502220A (en) 2023-01-23
EP4058621A1 (en) 2022-09-21
US20220393146A1 (en) 2022-12-08

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Ipc: H01M 4/62 20060101ALI20250227BHEP

Ipc: H01M 4/1391 20100101ALI20250227BHEP

Ipc: H01M 4/58 20100101ALI20250227BHEP

Ipc: H01M 4/131 20100101ALI20250227BHEP

Ipc: C25B 3/01 20210101ALI20250227BHEP

Ipc: H01M 4/04 20060101ALI20250227BHEP

Ipc: H01M 4/1397 20100101ALI20250227BHEP

Ipc: H01M 4/136 20100101ALI20250227BHEP

Ipc: C25C 1/02 20060101AFI20250227BHEP

A4 Supplementary search report drawn up and despatched

Effective date: 20250703

RIC1 Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant

Ipc: C25C 1/02 20060101AFI20250627BHEP

Ipc: H01M 4/136 20100101ALI20250627BHEP

Ipc: H01M 4/1397 20100101ALI20250627BHEP

Ipc: H01M 4/04 20060101ALI20250627BHEP

Ipc: C25B 3/01 20210101ALI20250627BHEP

Ipc: H01M 4/131 20100101ALI20250627BHEP

Ipc: H01M 4/58 20100101ALI20250627BHEP

Ipc: H01M 4/1391 20100101ALI20250627BHEP

Ipc: H01M 4/62 20060101ALI20250627BHEP