Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
  • C10L10/04—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for minimising corrosion or incrustation
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/143—Organic compounds mixtures of organic macromolecular compounds with organic non-macromolecular compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
  • C10L10/06—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for facilitating soot removal
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
  • C10L1/183—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof at least one hydroxy group bound to an aromatic carbon atom
  • C10L1/1832—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof at least one hydroxy group bound to an aromatic carbon atom mono-hydroxy
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
  • C10L1/183—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof at least one hydroxy group bound to an aromatic carbon atom
  • C10L1/1835—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof at least one hydroxy group bound to an aromatic carbon atom having at least two hydroxy substituted non condensed benzene rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
  • C10L1/224—Amides; Imides carboxylic acid amides, imides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
  • C10L1/238—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
  • C10L1/238—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10L1/2383—Polyamines or polyimines, or derivatives thereof (poly)amines and imines; derivatives thereof (substituted by a macromolecular group containing 30C)
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
  • C10L2200/04—Organic compounds
  • C10L2200/0407—Specifically defined hydrocarbon fractions as obtained from, e.g. a distillation column
  • C10L2200/0415—Light distillates, e.g. LPG, naphtha
  • C10L2200/0423—Gasoline
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L2270/00—Specifically adapted fuels
  • C10L2270/02—Specifically adapted fuels for internal combustion engines
  • C10L2270/023—Specifically adapted fuels for internal combustion engines for gasoline engines

Definitions

• TITLE Use of Alkyl Phenol Compounds as Detergency Additives for Gasoline
• the present invention relates to the use of particular alkyl phenol compounds as detergency additives in gasoline compositions.
• the present invention also relates to a process or a method of improving the cleanliness and / or cleaning of at least an internal part of a spark-ignition internal combustion engine using these particular compounds.
• Liquid fuels for internal combustion engines contain components which can be degraded during engine operation.
• the problem of deposits in the internal parts of combustion engines is well known to engine manufacturers. It has been shown that the formation of these deposits has consequences on engine performance and in particular has a negative impact on fuel consumption and particle emissions. Advances in fuel additive technology have made it possible to tackle this problem. So-called detergent additives used in fuels have already been proposed to maintain engine cleanliness by limiting deposits ("keep-clean” effect) or by reducing deposits already present in the internal parts of the combustion engine (effect “Clean-up” in English). Mention may be made, by way of example, of document US Pat. No.
• hybrid vehicles or PHEV vehicles standing for “Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle” which are powered both by an electric battery and a conventional fuel composition such as in particular a composition of gasoline.
• the gasoline composition is capable of being stored for particularly long periods of time in the tank of the vehicle, when the latter operates essentially by means of its electric battery.
• the prevention and reduction of engine deposits are essential for the optimal functioning of today's engines. There is therefore a need to provide detergent additives for gasolines promoting optimum operation of spark-ignition engines, including for new engine technologies and hybrid vehicle engines.
• the addition of the compounds according to the invention in a fuel composition of the gasoline type and comprising at least one detergency additive has the effect of increasing the detergent properties of said composition and of allowing the maintenance or even improvement of these properties over time.
• These compounds thus make it possible to maintain the cleanliness of the engine, in particular by limiting or avoiding the formation of deposits (“keep-clean” effect in English) or by reducing the deposits already present in the internal parts of the combustion engine (“clean-up” effect in English).
• the alkyl-phenol compounds used in the present invention are moreover known as antioxidants for fuel compositions, in particular of diesel type, that is to say with a function of improving oxidation stability. of these compositions.
• antioxidants for fuel compositions, in particular of diesel type, that is to say with a function of improving oxidation stability. of these compositions.
• the discovery that these same additives can improve the detergency properties of a gasoline fuel composition is completely unexpected, and is at the origin of the present invention.
• a subject of the present invention is thus the use, to improve the detergency properties of a liquid fuel composition chosen from gasolines comprising one or more detergency additives, of an additive consisting of one or more compound (s) ) non-nitrogenous having an alkyl-phenol type structure chosen from methyl-t-butyl phenols, dimethyl-t-butyl phenols, ethyl-t-butyl phenols, t-butyl phenols, di-t-butyl phenols, tri-t-butyl phenols, di-t-butyl-di-methyl phenols, and mixtures thereof.
• an additive consisting of one or more compound (s) ) non-nitrogenous having an alkyl-phenol type structure chosen from methyl-t-butyl phenols, dimethyl-t-butyl phenols, ethyl-t-butyl phenols, t-butyl phenols, di-t-butyl phenol
• the subject of the invention is also a process or method for improving the cleanliness and / or cleaning of at least one internal part of a controlled-ignition internal combustion engine supplied with a liquid fuel chosen from among gasolines and comprising one or more detergency additives.
• the method according to the invention consists in adding to said fuel composition an additive consisting of one or more non-nitrogenous compound (s) as defined above.
• said additive is incorporated into the fuel composition at a minimum content of 5 ppm by weight, and at a content up to 500 ppm by weight.
• the liquid fuel composition is chosen from hydrocarbon fuels, non-essentially hydrocarbon fuels, and mixtures thereof.
• the additive according to the invention is used in liquid fuel to maintain cleanliness and / or clean at least one of the internal parts of said spark-ignition internal combustion engine.
• the additive is used in liquid fuel to limit or prevent the formation of deposits in at least one of the internal parts of said engine and / or reduce the deposits existing in at least one of the internal parts of said engine.
• the deposits are localized in at least one of the internal parts selected from the engine intake system, the combustion chamber and the fuel injection system, and preferably the fuel injection system.
• the additive according to the invention is used to prevent and / or reduce the formation of deposits associated with the coking phenomenon and / or deposits of the soap and / or varnish type, preferably at the fuel injectors.
• the additive according to the invention also makes it possible to reduce the fuel consumption of the spark-ignition internal combustion engine.
• the internal combustion engine is a spark ignition engine, also known as a gasoline engine.
• the invention is particularly suitable for gasoline engines with direct injection (DISI in English “Direct Injection Spark Ignition engine”).
• CN compound or group denotes a compound or a group containing in its chemical structure N carbon atoms.
• the invention uses as an additive one or more non-nitrogenous compound (s) having an alkyl-phenol type structure.
• non-nitrogenous is meant that the compounds according to the invention do not include a nitrogen atom in their formula.
• alkyl-phenol-type structure is understood to mean that the compounds according to the invention have in their formula a phenolic nucleus (that is to say mono- or poly-hydroxybenzene) substituted by at least one alkyl group.
• These compounds are chosen from methyl-t-butyl phenols, dimethyl-t-butyl phenols, ethyl-t-butyl phenols, t-butyl phenols, di-t-butyl phenols, tri-t-butyl phenols , di-t-butyl-di-methyl phenols, and mixtures thereof.
• Preferred compounds are chosen from 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methyl phenol (BHT), 4,6- di-tert-butyl-2-methylphenol, t-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ), 2 , 6 and 2,4 di-t-butyl phenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-t-butyl phenol, 2,4,6-tri-t-butyl phenol, 2,3,6-trimethyl phenol, 2,4,6-trimethyl phenol, 4,4'-methylene bis (2,6-di-t-butyl phenol) (CAS No. 1 18-82-1), alone or as a mixture.
• BHT 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methyl phenol
• TBHQ t-butyl hydroquinone
• 2 , 6 and 2,4 di-t-butyl phenol 2,4-dimethyl-6-t-butyl phenol
• 2,4,6-tri-t-butyl phenol 2,3,6-trimethyl phenol
• the particularly preferred compounds are chosen from tert-butyl phenols such as in particular 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methyl phenol (BHT), 2,4-dimethyl-6-t-butyl phenol, methyl-tert-butylphenol, 2,6 and 2,4-di-t-butyl phenol, 2,4,6-tri-t-butyl phenol, and mixtures thereof.
• BHT 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methyl phenol
• BHT 2,4-dimethyl-6-t-butyl phenol
• methyl-tert-butylphenol 2,6 and 2,4-di-t-butyl phenol
• 2,4,6-tri-t-butyl phenol 2,4,6-tri-t-butyl phenol
• the alkyl-phenol additive according to the invention is used to improve the detergency performance of a liquid fuel composition selected from gasolines and which comprises one or more detergency additives.
• a liquid fuel composition selected from gasolines which comprises one or more detergency additives.
• This is understood to mean that the incorporation, including in a very small amount (for example less than 50 ppm by weight relative to the total weight of the composition), of the compound according to the invention in such a fuel, produces an effect on cleanliness.
• spark ignition engines supplied with said fuel compared with the same gasoline fuel comprising the same detergency additive (s) in the same proportions, but not comprising the additive of the alkyl-phenol type according to the invention.
• said additive is used to improve (or boost) the detergent performance of at least one detergency additive, in a gasoline composition.
• the additive according to the invention is used to improve the detergency performance of such a gasoline composition, which is stored for a period of at least 3 months, preferably a period of at least 6 months, before being consumed.
• the use of said additive in the gasoline composition makes it possible, during the combustion of the latter, to limit or avoid the formation of at least one type of deposits as described below, and / or to reduce at least one type of existing deposits, compared to liquid fuel not comprising such a compound.
• the use of the additives according to the invention in a gasoline type fuel makes it possible to maintain the cleanliness of at least one of the internal parts of the internal combustion engine and / or to clean at least one of the internal parts of the internal combustion engine.
• alkyl phenol compounds as additives in the fuel makes it possible in particular to limit or avoid the formation of deposits in at least one of the internal parts of said engine (“keep-clean” effect in English) and / or to reduce deposits. existing in at least one of the internal parts of said engine (“clean-up” effect).
• the use of said compound as an additive in the fuel makes it possible to observe both the two effects, limitation (or prevention) and reduction of deposits (“keep-clean” and "clean-up” effects).
• Deposits are distinguished according to the type of internal combustion engine with spark ignition and the location of the deposits in the internal parts of said engine.
• the spark ignition internal combustion engine (or gasoline engine) is a direct injection engine (DISI in English “Direct Injection Spark Ignition engine”).
• the internal combustion engine is a spark ignition engine of a hybrid vehicle, preferably with direct injection.
• the targeted deposits are those located in at least one of the internal parts of said spark ignition engine.
• the internal part of the spark-ignition engine kept clean (keep-clean) and / or cleaned (clean-up) is advantageously chosen from the engine's intake system, in particular the intake valves (IVD in English “ Intake Valve Deposit ”), the combustion chamber (CCD in English“ Combustion Chamber Deposit ”or TCD in English“ Total Chamber Deposit ”) and the fuel injection system, in particular the injectors of an injection system indirect (PFI in English “Port Fuel Injector”) and / or the injectors of a direct injection system (DISI).
• the targeted deposits are located on the injectors of a direct injection system.
• the improvement in the detergency properties obtained by the use according to the invention is evaluated by means of one of the following test methods: the CEC method F-05-A-93, the CEC F-20-A-98 method, and CEC TDG-Fl 13 method (version dated 15.09.2015), and preferably the above-mentioned CEC TDG-F-1 13 method.
• the use of the additives according to the invention also makes it possible to reduce the fuel consumption of the spark-ignition internal combustion engine.
• the use of the additives according to the invention also makes it possible to reduce the emissions of pollutants, in particular the emissions of particles from the internal combustion engine.
• the additive according to the invention can be added to liquid fuel within a refinery and / or be incorporated downstream of the refinery, optionally mixed with other additives in the form of an additive package.
• the compound (s) having an alkyl-phenol type structure according to the invention are advantageously used in the fuel composition at a total content of at least 5 ppm by weight, relative to the total weight of said composition.
• said compounds are used at a total content ranging from 5 to 500 ppm by weight, preferably from 10 to 200 ppm by weight, more preferably from 15 to 100 ppm by weight and better still from 20 to 50 ppm by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition of fuel.
• the fuel composition in which the compound (s) having an alkyl-phenol type structure are used as additives, typically comprises at least one liquid hydrocarbon cut obtained from one or more selected sources. from the group consisting of mineral sources, animal, vegetable and synthetic sources.
• Oil will preferably be chosen as the mineral source.
• hydrocarbon fuel means a fuel consisting of one or more compounds consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen.
• non-essentially hydrocarbon fuel a fuel consisting of one or more compounds consisting not essentially of carbon and hydrogen, that is to say which also contain other atoms, in particular oxygen atoms.
• Hydrocarbon fuels include in particular light distillates having a boiling point in the range of gasolines.
• Gasolines include, in particular, any commercially available spark ignition engine fuel compositions.
• gasolines meeting standard NF EN 228 Gasolines generally have sufficiently high octane numbers to avoid the knocking phenomenon.
• gasoline type fuels marketed in Europe, conforming to standard NF EN 228 have an engine octane number (MON in English "Motor Octane Number") greater than 85 and a research octane number (RON in English " Research Octane Number ”) of a minimum of 95.
• Petrol type fuels have, generally, a RON ranging from 90 to 100 and a MON ranging from 80 to 90, the RON and MON being measured according to the standard ASTM D 2699-86 or D 2700-86.
• Non-essentially hydrocarbon-based fuels include in particular oxygenates, for example distillates resulting from the BTL (“biomass to liquid”) conversion of plant and / or animal biomass, taken alone or in combination; biofuels, for example oils and / or esters of vegetable and / or animal oils; bioethanols.
• the mixtures of hydrocarbon fuel and non-essentially hydrocarbon fuel are typically E x type gasolines.
• gasoline of type E x for a spark ignition engine is meant a gasoline fuel which contains x% (v / v) of oxygenates, generally ethanol, bioethanol and / or ethyl-tertio-butyl-ether. (ETBE), x denoting a number ranging from 0 to 100.
• x% (v / v) of oxygenates generally ethanol, bioethanol and / or ethyl-tertio-butyl-ether. (ETBE), x denoting a number ranging from 0 to 100.
• the sulfur content of the fuel composition is preferably less than or equal to 50 ppm, or even less than 10 ppm and advantageously sulfur free.
• Detergent additives are preferably less than or equal to 50 ppm, or even less than 10 ppm and advantageously sulfur free.
• the fuel composition according to the invention further comprises one or more detergency additive (s), also called detergent additive (s), different from the alkyl phenol compounds according to the invention, and which can be chosen from additives detergency for fuels usually used.
• detergency additive also called detergent additive (s)
• the latter are compounds well known to those skilled in the art.
• the detergent additives can be in particular (but not limited to) chosen from the group consisting of amines, succinimides, alkenylsuccinimides, polyalkylamines, polyalkyl polyamines, polyetheramines, quaternary ammonium salts, triazole derivatives, and Mannich bases, and more preferably from Mannich bases, quaternary ammonium salts, and polyisobutylene mono- or poly-amines (or PIB- amines), more preferably still among quaternary ammonium salts and better still among polyisobutylene succinimides functionalized with a quaternary ammonium group, fatty acid amides functionalized with a quaternary ammonium group and their dimers such as di- (alkylamido compounds -propyl- quaternary ammonium) described for example in European patent application No. 18306589.5, and fatty-chain alkylamidoalkyl betaines.
• amines succinimi
• detergent additives are given in the following documents: EP0938535, US2012 / 0010112, WO2012 / 004300, US4171959 and WO2006135881.
• the fuel composition comprises at least one detergent additive consisting of a quaternary ammonium salt, obtained by reaction with a quaternization agent of a nitrogen compound comprising a tertiary amine function, this nitrogen compound being product of the reaction of an acylating agent substituted with a hydrocarbon group and of a compound comprising at least one tertiary amine group and at least one group chosen from primary amines, secondary amines and alcohols.
• a detergent additive consisting of a quaternary ammonium salt, obtained by reaction with a quaternization agent of a nitrogen compound comprising a tertiary amine function, this nitrogen compound being product of the reaction of an acylating agent substituted with a hydrocarbon group and of a compound comprising at least one tertiary amine group and at least one group chosen from primary amines, secondary amines and alcohols.
• said nitrogen-containing compound is the reaction product of a succinic acid derivative substituted with a hydrocarbon group, preferably a polyisobutenyl-succinic anhydride, and of an alcohol or of a primary or secondary amine also comprising a group tertiary amine.
• a succinic acid derivative substituted with a hydrocarbon group preferably a polyisobutenyl-succinic anhydride
• an alcohol or of a primary or secondary amine also comprising a group tertiary amine.
• the particularly preferred additives are chosen from Mannich bases bearing a polyisobutylene group; polyisobutylene mono- or poly-amines; polyisobutylene succinimides functionalized with an ammonium group quaternary; amides of fatty acids functionalized with a quaternary ammonium group and their dimers such as di- (alkylamido-propyl-quaternary ammonium) compounds; fatty chain alkylamidoalkyl betaines; and mixtures of these compounds.
• the total content of detergent additive (s) in the fuel composition ranges from 5 to 5000 ppm by weight, preferably from 10 to 1000 ppm by weight, and more preferably from 20 to 500 ppm by weight, relative to the total weight of the fuel composition.
• the ratio between the total weight content of compound (s) having an alkyl-phenol type structure according to the invention on the one hand and the total weight content of detergent additive (s) on the other hand ranges from 1: 60 at 1: 2, preferably from 1:20 to 1: 3.
• the fuel composition can also comprise other additives, in addition to the additive (s) consisting of compound (s) having an alkyl-phenol type structure according to the invention and of the detergent additive (s) described above.
• This or these other additives will be chosen according to the type of gasoline fuel. They can be chosen, for example, in a nonlimiting manner, from anti-corrosion additives, antioxidant additives, dispersant additives, demulsifying additives, anti-foam agents, biocides, reodorants, procetane additives, friction modifiers. , lubricity additives or lubricity additives, combustion aid agents (catalytic combustion and soot promoters), cold resistance additives and in particular agents improving the cloud point and the pour point , TLF ("Limit Filterability Temperature"), anti-sedimentation agents, anti-wear agents, tracers, solvents / carrier oils and conductivity modifiers.
• anti-corrosion additives antioxidant additives, dispersant additives, demulsifying additives, anti-foam agents, biocides, reodorants, procetane additives, friction modifiers.
• lubricity additives or lubricity additives lubricity additives
• combustion aid agents
• additives for example and in a nonlimiting manner: a) lubricating additives or anti-wear agents, in particular (but not limitingly) chosen from the group consisting of fatty acids and their ester or amide derivatives, in particular glycerol monooleate, and mono- and polycyclic carboxylic acid derivatives.
• lubricating additives or anti-wear agents in particular (but not limitingly) chosen from the group consisting of fatty acids and their ester or amide derivatives, in particular glycerol monooleate, and mono- and polycyclic carboxylic acid derivatives.
• examples of such additives are given in the following documents EP680506, EP860494, WO98 / 04656, EP915944, FR2772783,
• FR2772784 b) anti-corrosion additives such as, for example, fatty acid ester dimers and aminotriazoles; c) demulsion additives.
• lubricity additives and anti-corrosion additives such as those mentioned in a) and b) above.
• additional additives may be present in an amount ranging, for each, from 5 to 1000 ppm (each), preferably from 50 to 500 ppm by weight, relative to the total weight of the fuel composition.
• the process or method for improving the cleanliness and / or cleaning at least one internal part of a spark-ignition internal combustion engine supplied with a liquid fuel chosen from among gasolines comprising one or more detergency additives consists in adding to said fuel composition an additive consisting of at least one non-nitrogenous compound having an alkylphenol type structure as described above.
• a method of maintaining the cleanliness (“keep-clean”) and / or cleaning (“clean-up”) of at least one of the internal parts of an internal combustion engine with ignition ordered comprises: a) the addition, to a liquid fuel composition selected from gasolines and comprising one or more detergency additives, of an additive consisting of one or more non-nitrogenous compound (s) having a structure of the alkyl-phenol type as described above; then b) the combustion of the fuel composition resulting from step a) in the internal combustion engine.
• the composition according to the invention is stored for a period of at least 3 months, and preferably at least 6 months, between steps a) and b) above.
• This storage of the composition can be carried out in the tank of a vehicle, in particular of a hybrid vehicle (in particular of the PHEV type), or outside any vehicle.
• the internal combustion engine is a direct injection controlled ignition (DISI) engine.
• the internal part kept clean and / or cleaned of the spark ignition engine is preferably chosen from the engine's intake system, in particular the intake valves (IVD), the combustion chamber (CCD or TCD) and the fuel injection system, in particular the injectors of an indirect injection system (PFI) or the injectors of a direct injection system (DISI), and preferably the injectors of a fuel injection system direct injection.
• the intake valves IVD
• the combustion chamber CCD or TCD
• the fuel injection system in particular the injectors of an indirect injection system (PFI) or the injectors of a direct injection system (DISI), and preferably the injectors of a fuel injection system direct injection.
• step (a) above is preceded by a preliminary step of determining the content of compound (s) of structure of alkyl-phenol type to be incorporated into said fuel composition in order to achieve a given specification. relating to the detergency properties of the fuel composition.
• This preliminary step is common practice in the field of additivation of fuels and involves defining at least one characteristic representative of the detergency properties of the fuel composition as well as a target value.
• the characteristic representative of the detergency properties of the fuel will depend on the type of spark-ignition internal combustion engine, the direct or indirect injection system and the location in the engine of the deposits targeted for cleaning and / or maintenance of the fuel. cleanliness.
• the procedure takes place in two stages.
• a first step fouling or "dirty-up” phase lasting 48 hours
• CEC fuel RF83-A-81 a standard standard fouling fuel, without additives, is used (CEC fuel RF83-A-81).
• This phase results in an increase in injection time due to clogging of the injectors.
• tinjO the injection time at the start of the test
• ti nj 48 the injection time at the end of the dirty-up phase.
• the second step consists in using a fuel with additives for 24 hours while continuing to measure the evolution of the injection time.
• tinj 72 the injection time at the end of the "clean-up" phase.
• the percentage of restoration of the injection time after the clean-up step is calculated according to: (tinj 48 - tinj 72) x 100 / (ti nj 48 - tinj-0).
• the test was carried out by employing in the second step a fuel E consisting of unleaded petrol 98 meeting the EN228 standard, supplemented with a classic multifunctional additive package containing a classic commercial detergency additive consisting of a Mannich base. This detergency additive is present in the gasoline additive composition at a treatment rate of 258 ppm by weight (258 mg / kg).
• gasoline E on the one hand (comparative), then with gasoline E '(invention) which corresponds to gasoline E to which 30 ppm by weight of an additive A was added.
• gasoline E consisting of a mixture of compounds having an alkyl-phenol type structure.
• composition of additive A is as follows:
• BHT 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methyl phenol
• the test was performed with gasoline E immediately after preparation. Then the essences E and E 'were stored for a period of 6 months outside, in a tank subjected to natural climatic variations with variable temperatures in the range going from 5 ° C to 25 ° C, and the test a was repeated with the species E and E 'at the end of this storage period.
• composition E deteriorated after 6 months of storage.
• additive A makes it possible not only to avoid a degradation of the detergency properties, but above all to improve these properties: in fact, after 6 months of storage, the detergent performance of composition E 'no only are greater than those of composition E, but in addition they are greater than that of the initial composition E before storage.

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• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
• Detergent Compositions (AREA)

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• 2019
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