EP4073932A1 - Dispositif de génération de nombres aléatoires - Google Patents

Dispositif de génération de nombres aléatoires

Info

Publication number
EP4073932A1
EP4073932A1 EP20824432.7A EP20824432A EP4073932A1 EP 4073932 A1 EP4073932 A1 EP 4073932A1 EP 20824432 A EP20824432 A EP 20824432A EP 4073932 A1 EP4073932 A1 EP 4073932A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
time
detector
source
pulse
predetermined
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP20824432.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Gerhard Humer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH
Original Assignee
AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH filed Critical AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH
Publication of EP4073932A1 publication Critical patent/EP4073932A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K5/00—Manipulating of pulses not covered by one of the other main groups of this subclass
    • H03K5/13—Arrangements having a single output and transforming input signals into pulses delivered at desired time intervals
    • H03K5/135—Arrangements having a single output and transforming input signals into pulses delivered at desired time intervals by the use of time reference signals, e.g. clock signals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F7/00—Methods or arrangements for processing data by operating upon the order or content of the data handled
    • G06F7/58—Random or pseudo-random number generators
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F7/00—Methods or arrangements for processing data by operating upon the order or content of the data handled
    • G06F7/58—Random or pseudo-random number generators
    • G06F7/582—Pseudo-random number generators
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F7/00—Methods or arrangements for processing data by operating upon the order or content of the data handled
    • G06F7/58—Random or pseudo-random number generators
    • G06F7/588—Random number generators, i.e. based on natural stochastic processes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
    • H03K3/84—Generating pulses having a predetermined statistical distribution of a parameter, e.g. random pulse generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K5/00—Manipulating of pulses not covered by one of the other main groups of this subclass
    • H03K5/01—Shaping pulses
    • H03K5/08—Shaping pulses by limiting; by thresholding; by slicing, i.e. combined limiting and thresholding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
    • H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
    • H04L9/0852—Quantum cryptography
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
    • H04L9/0861—Generation of secret information including derivation or calculation of cryptographic keys or passwords
    • H04L9/0866—Generation of secret information including derivation or calculation of cryptographic keys or passwords involving user or device identifiers, e.g. serial number, physical or biometrical information, DNA, hand-signature or measurable physical characteristics

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for generating random numbers according to patent claims 1 and 7, respectively.
  • a signal is emitted by means of a generator, which signal is possibly weakened and detected by a receiver. If the receiver detects a relevant signal within a specified time range, the random number generator specifies a related value for this time range, otherwise the random number generator specifies a different value at its output. In this way it is possible to obtain a binary signal that has one of two values within individual time ranges. With such a procedure it is possible to generate a random data stream with one bit per time unit.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to generate a random signal based on the present arrangement, which generates a random signal with a higher data rate.
  • the invention solves this problem in a device of the type mentioned at the beginning with the characterizing features of claim 1.
  • time interval corresponds in particular to the maximum time span within which a pulse is present in any case, or is greater than this maximum time span.
  • the time measurement is reset immediately after the occurrence of a pulse or at a predetermined time interval from the occurrence of the pulse and steps a) to d), in particular a) to f), starting with repeated at another start time.
  • the invention also relates to a device for generating random numbers. According to the invention, the following is provided:
  • an attenuator located between the source and the detector to suppress the energy or pulses emitted by the source
  • a time measuring device for determining the time span between a predetermined starting time and the time when a pulse is detected by the detector.
  • a control unit which is designed to control the distribution of the energy emitted by the source as a manipulated variable, and / or to specify the efficiency of the detector as a manipulated variable, and / or, if necessary, to specify the attenuation caused by the attenuator as a manipulated variable, the control unit, which changes the temporal course of the manipulated variable starting from the start time in such a way that the random distribution of the determined time spans corresponds to a predetermined random distribution and / or that a pulse is detected within a predetermined time range, and
  • time interval corresponds in particular to the maximum time span within which a pulse is present in any case, or is greater than this maximum time span
  • the data rate of the random signal can be increased further if a control unit is provided which is designed to
  • the time measuring device to set a new starting time for a further determination of a random number immediately after the occurrence of a pulse or at a predetermined time interval from the occurrence of the pulse
  • control unit again controls the temporal course of the manipulated variable starting from the start time in such a way that the random distribution of the determined time spans corresponds to a predetermined random distribution and / or that a pulse is detected within a predetermined time range.
  • the source is formed by a laser
  • An attenuator in the form of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer is connected downstream, and that in turn
  • a detector in the form of an optical single photon detector is connected downstream.
  • a particularly advantageous device according to the invention in which a noise signal is used to generate random numbers can be provided if
  • an electronic detector is provided as the detector, which detects a pulse when the electrical noise signal exceeds a predetermined threshold value
  • the manipulated variable is specified by amplifying or weakening the noise signal and by changing the threshold value for the noise signal.
  • a manipulated variable is selected by the control unit in such a way that a uniform distribution or a Gaussian distribution results as a random distribution.
  • FIG. 1 A first embodiment of the invention is shown in more detail in FIG.
  • This embodiment comprises a source 1 in the form of a photon source or a laser.
  • the source 1 emits pulses, in the present case single photons, with a predetermined distribution at unpredictable times.
  • radioactive sources sources for quantum fluctuations based on the tunnel effect, a quantum mechanical nondeterministic effect.
  • electrical noise sources it is also possible, for example, to use radioactive sources, sources for quantum fluctuations based on the tunnel effect, a quantum mechanical nondeterministic effect.
  • the attenuator 1 also shows an attenuator which is connected downstream of the source 1 and is designed to partially suppress or attenuate the pulses or signals emitted by the source 1.
  • the attenuator 2 is a Mach-Zehnder interferometer which, due to electro-optical effects, is designed to transmit the laser light emitted by the source 1 to one of two outputs, so that the light emitted at one of the both Outputs of the attenuator 2 is present, has only a predetermined proportion of the total light from the light source.
  • electrical attenuators or radioactive shielding materials can be used.
  • the output of the attenuator 2 is followed by a detector 3 which is designed to detect the pulses generated by the source 1 and attenuated by the attenuator 2.
  • this is a single photon detector.
  • other detectors can also be used which are designed to detect the pulses which are based on correspondingly different physical phenomena. These are, for example, detectors for radioactive decay or electrical or electronic detectors.
  • a device according to the invention it is not necessary for a device according to the invention to contain an attenuator 2. Rather, it is also possible for the detector 3 to be connected immediately after the source 1.
  • FIG. 1 shows a time measuring device 5 which is designed to determine the time span between a predetermined starting time T 0 and time T P of the detection of a pulse by the detector 3.
  • a time measuring device 5 which is designed to determine the time span between a predetermined starting time T 0 and time T P of the detection of a pulse by the detector 3.
  • a control unit 4 which is designed to control the source 1, the detector 3 and the attenuator 2.
  • the control unit 4 regulates the probability of the detection of a pulse in this way and can vary this over time.
  • the control unit 4 specifies each of the partial manipulated variables for the source 1, the detector 3 and the attenuator 2. It is particularly advantageous that the individual effects of the partial manipulated variables l ⁇ , l 3 , A q , which are each caused by the source 1, the detector 3 and the attenuator 2, have a multiplicative effect on the overall manipulated variable l.
  • the probability q of the emission of pulses by the source 1 can be specified by the control unit 4 as the first sub-manipulated variable.
  • the probability l h of the emission of pulses can be specified by the source by specifying a specific laser current. If the laser current I L exceeds a predetermined threshold value I th , the probability of the emission of pulses, photons or energy by the source 1 within a predetermined period of time depends approximately linearly on the increase in the laser current I L.
  • the attenuation effect A of the optical attenuator 2 can be specified as the second manipulated variable.
  • a voltage U A can be specified with which a medium with a variable optical length located in a beam path of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer acting as attenuator 2 can be set accordingly.
  • l 3 l 3 (U A )
  • the efficiency of the detector ie the probability that energy incident on the detector actually leads to a pulse at the output of the detector 3, can also be specified by the control unit 4.
  • an avalanche diode located in the beam of the laser is used as the definition.
  • a bias voltage of 100 V, for example, which is above the breakdown voltage is applied to the avalanche diode.
  • a spontaneous breakdown does not occur until several milliseconds after the voltage has been applied; however, in the case of irradiation, a premature breakdown can be measured.
  • the avalanche diode is operated in Geiger mode, whereby a single photon can trigger the breakdown of the avalanche diode.
  • the voltage U D can be specified within a specified range [U D, min ... U D, max ], in particular a range of a few volts.
  • a SAPD, ie a single photon avalanche photo diode, can preferably be used as the detection.
  • the detector efficiency QE ie the probability that a breakthrough will occur due to a photon pulse, can thus be set by specifying a Detector voltage U D can be varied so that the manipulated variable emanating from the detector depends on the detector voltage.
  • the control unit 4 can specify the probability value that the pulse is present at the output of the detector 3 within a time segment. It is basically possible that the control unit 4 only regulates one manipulated variable from the set of manipulated variables l ⁇ , l 3 , l f namely laser current weakening effect and detector efficiency QE, alternatively the control unit 4 can also control all three of these manipulated variables l ⁇ , l 3 , regulate and thus the probability that a pulse is applied to the detector within a predetermined time span can be varied. The more different manipulated variables are used, the greater the range of adjustable probabilities that a pulse will be applied to the detector 3 within a predetermined period of time.
  • the goal is to produce a uniform distribution of the probability of the occurrence of a pulse at the output of the detector 3, the probability that a pulse at the output of the detector 3 within the first nanosecond after the beginning or The start time is 5%.
  • the aim is to ensure that the probability of a pulse at the detector output within every further nanosecond from the start time to the twentieth nanosecond is in each case 5%.
  • the manipulated variable which results as the product of the probability of the release of energy, the efficiency of the detector 3 and the attenuating effect of the attenuator, will have the function curve l ( ⁇ ) shown in FIG. 2.
  • the manipulated variable for the first nanosecond results according to Wi / At.
  • a manipulated variable li is selected as follows:
  • manipulated variable l p can be determined for the further time intervals as follows:
  • a very large manipulated variable is predefined during the last time interval.
  • h * l 0 * D ⁇ results in exactly the value 1
  • a manipulated variable l p that has a very large or infinite effect is obtained.
  • the largest possible manipulated variable that can be output by the system should be used.
  • the present embodiment of the invention is in no way restricted to the specification of a uniform distribution. Rather, of course, there is also the possibility of specifying deviating distributions, for example a Gaussian distribution.
  • the probability values ie the probabilities that a pulse occurs for the first time in the last time segment T o, are determined by specifying deviating probability values w 1; ..., w n given.
  • the individual manipulated variables can also be specified in accordance with the formulas presented above.
  • each random number formation takes the same length of time.
  • the control unit 4 in each case emits a reset pulse to the time measuring unit 5 and, if necessary, also to the detector 3 and sets the control values in accordance with the predetermined, previously numerically determined time curve. Even if the pulse has already occurred after one of the time intervals, a period of time is awaited which corresponds to the maximum duration up to or time span for the occurrence of a pulse; in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 2, this takes 20 ns.
  • the advantage of this procedure is that the random numbers occur regularly, ie it can be determined in advance how many random numbers occur in one second - in the present exemplary embodiment 50 million random numbers.
  • the random numbers do not appear regularly; however, the occurrence of random numbers can in principle be determined on the basis of the given distribution. Basically, in order to have enough time to save the data, a minimum time for the generation of a random number or a minimum time interval until the time measuring device 5 is reset or a fixed waiting time between the occurrence of a pulse on the detector and the resetting of the time measuring device 5 can be specified become.
  • the result is a probability distribution of the times in the form of an exponential distribution. If such an exponential distribution is desired or post-processing of the

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Pure & Applied Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computational Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mathematical Analysis (AREA)
  • Mathematical Optimization (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Photometry And Measurement Of Optical Pulse Characteristics (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de génération de nombres aléatoires où a) une source (1) émet de l'énergie, en particulier sous la forme d'impulsions, avec une répartition spécifiée à des instants non prévisibles dans le temps, b) un détecteur (3) qui est relié en aval de la source (1) détecte l'énergie émise par la source (1), en particulier sous la forme d'impulsions, c) éventuellement de l'énergie émise par la source (1) est supprimée ou atténuée par un atténuateur (2) situé entre la source (1) et le détecteur (3), et d) la durée entre un instant de démarrage (t0) prédéfini et le moment où une impulsion est détectée par le détecteur (3) est déterminée, le résultat de la mesure de temps étant utilisé en tant que nombre aléatoire.
EP20824432.7A 2019-12-12 2020-12-09 Dispositif de génération de nombres aléatoires Withdrawn EP4073932A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ATA51083/2019A AT523230B1 (de) 2019-12-12 2019-12-12 Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von Zufallszahlen
PCT/AT2020/060437 WO2021113887A1 (fr) 2019-12-12 2020-12-09 Dispositif de génération de nombres aléatoires

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4073932A1 true EP4073932A1 (fr) 2022-10-19

Family

ID=73835282

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20824432.7A Withdrawn EP4073932A1 (fr) 2019-12-12 2020-12-09 Dispositif de génération de nombres aléatoires

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4073932A1 (fr)
AT (1) AT523230B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2021113887A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115562623B (zh) * 2022-10-18 2025-07-29 上海循态量子科技有限公司 基于真空涨落测量的自平衡量子随机数发生器及使用方法

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6539410B1 (en) * 1999-03-17 2003-03-25 Michael Jay Klass Random number generator
JP3480822B2 (ja) * 1999-11-02 2003-12-22 斎藤 威 熱雑音ランダムパルス発生装置及び乱数生成装置
DE102004011170B4 (de) * 2004-03-08 2006-03-23 Siemens Ag Manipulationssichere Erzeugung von echten Zufallszahlen
KR101564954B1 (ko) * 2012-10-08 2015-11-02 에스케이 텔레콤주식회사 광원과 단일광자검출기를 이용한 난수 생성 방법 및 장치
JP6321723B2 (ja) * 2015-06-04 2018-05-09 株式会社クァンタリオン 放射性同位元素の自然崩壊を利用した唯一性を実現する装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AT523230B1 (de) 2022-09-15
AT523230A1 (de) 2021-06-15
WO2021113887A1 (fr) 2021-06-17

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