EP4104238A1 - Imidazolinylid-verbindung zur verwendung als shut-down-additiv für lithium-ionen-batterien sowie elektrolyt und batterie - Google Patents
Imidazolinylid-verbindung zur verwendung als shut-down-additiv für lithium-ionen-batterien sowie elektrolyt und batterieInfo
- Publication number
- EP4104238A1 EP4104238A1 EP21712955.0A EP21712955A EP4104238A1 EP 4104238 A1 EP4104238 A1 EP 4104238A1 EP 21712955 A EP21712955 A EP 21712955A EP 4104238 A1 EP4104238 A1 EP 4104238A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- imidazolinylid
- compound
- additive
- compound according
- electrolyte
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
- C07F5/02—Boron compounds
- C07F5/027—Organoboranes and organoborohydrides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D233/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- Imidazolinylid compound for use as a shut-down additive for lithium-ion batteries as well as electrolyte and
- the invention relates to an imidazole ylide compound for use as a shut-down additive for lithium-ion batteries as well as an electrolyte and a battery.
- the electrolyte has a key function with regard to performance, service life and safety due to the interaction with all other active and inactive materials used.
- the liquid electrolyte has a significant influence on many chemical and technological aspects of a battery.
- the spectrum ranges from conductivity - due to the dissolving power of the conductive salts - to electrochemical and thermal stability, flammability and wettability to the formation of the "Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI)" on the anode and the "Cathode Electrolyte Interphase (CEI) "at the cathode.
- the liquid electrolyte as the core component of every battery cell consists of a conductive salt (LiPF ö ) and a mixture of selected linear and cyclic organic carbonates, also known as the standard electrolyte.
- LiPF ö conductive salt
- a disadvantage of this electrolyte is that it does not have any intrinsic chemical overcharge protection. This can lead to a thermal runaway of the cell during overcharging (M. Yoshio, R J. Brodd, A. Kozawa, Lithium-Ion Batteries: Science and Technologies, ISBN 978-0-387-34444 -7. Springer-Verlag New York, 2009, p 91.).
- overcharge protection additives By adding overcharge protection additives to the standard electrolyte, the charging process can be stopped at a certain potential and thus the thermal continuity of the battery can be prevented.
- overcharge protection additives Two different types are known in the literature. The so-called “redox shuttle” additives are oxidized at the cathode and the product obtained then migrates to the anode, where it is reduced. The problem with these additives is that their chemical stability is too low (a] K. Xu, Chem. Rev. 2014, 114, 11503-11618; b] K. Xu, Chem. Rev. 2004, 104, 4303- 4417 .).
- shut-down additives decompose on the electrode and thereby switch off the cell before the cell can pass through thermal energy.
- the problem with these compounds is that they have a negative influence on the cyclization of the cell (a] MQ Xu, J. Power Sources, 2008. 184, 427-431; b] S. Tobishima, Y. Ogino, Y. Watanabe , J. Appl. Electrochem., 2003. 33, 143-150.).
- NHC-PF5 and NHC-PF4CF3 contain a phosphate group which can be converted into toxic substances such as PF5 if the battery is damaged or exposed to thermal stress, such as a car accident.
- NHC-BF3 has this problem does not arise, but is limited by a decomposition voltage of 4.5 V to use at correspondingly lower voltages.
- the object of the invention is to improve the state of the art.
- it is an object of the invention to provide a class of shutdown additives which have only a slight or essentially no influence on the cyclization of the cell.
- a further object of the invention is to provide shutdown additives which enable the use of a higher working voltage, the provision of cells with an increased service life and cells with a higher energy efficiency.
- an imidazolinylide compound for use as a shut-down additive for lithium-ion batteries of the formula (I) where R 1 to R 4 are each independently a linear or branched CI to CI6 alkyl group or a C2 to C16 alkenyl group or a C3 to C8 cycloalkyl group or a C3 to CI6 arene group, where R 2 and / or R 3 can also be H, where R 1 to R 4 are each independently completely, partially or non-fluorinated, where R 1 to R 3 can each also have 0 as a heteroatom.
- the compounds according to the invention enable the use of a higher working voltage, the provision of cells with an increased service life and higher energy efficiency.
- the compounds according to the invention which allow a higher decomposition voltage during use, it is possible to operate cells at a higher working voltage while an unintentional shutdown of the cell can be avoided.
- a higher capacity retention improves the service life of the cells with electrolytes according to the invention, while a higher Coulombic efficiency contributes to the higher energy efficiency during use.
- a “shutdown” of the cell is understood to mean, in particular, a blocked ion transport and a reduced specific capacity.
- a “shutdown” can also be referred to as “shutdown” or “shutdown”.
- the shutdown effect is caused, for example, by the fact that the additive decomposes at a defined potential and a passivation layer is formed on the cathode surface, thereby blocking the transport of lithium ions.
- NMCIII cell is understood to mean a cell with a molar ratio of nickel-manganese-cobalt of 1: 1: 1.
- the shutdown potential can be influenced and tailored to the appropriate application
- the different substituents have different effects on the shutdown potential.
- the shutdown additive can be adapted to the desired requirement through the selective selection of the substituents.
- the cut-off voltage increases the higher the fluorine content.
- An embodiment of the group R 1 as fluorinated group leads to an average increase in the cut-off voltage.
- a configuration of the groups R 2 and R 3 as a fluorinated group only leads to a slight increase in the switch-off voltage.
- the switch-off voltage can be increased further. The following applies here: the higher the total fluorine content of the compound, the higher the switch-off voltage.
- Another possibility for increasing the switch-off voltage is the introduction of aromatic groups, in particular the configuration of R 4 as a phenyl group.
- the solubility of the imidazolinylide compound can be increased by using heteroatoms in the groups R 1 , R 2 , R 3 or R 4.
- the polarity of the imidazole ylide compound can be reduced.
- the stability of the imidazole ylide compound can be increased by using aromatic groups in the groups R 1 , R 2 , R 3 or R 4.
- R 2 is preferably the same as R 3 .
- R 4 is preferably CF 3 , CH 3 , C 2 H 5 , C 2 F 5 , phenyl or C 5 F 6 .
- the object is achieved by a process for the preparation of an imidazolinylid compound with the following steps:
- halogen derivative of the imidazolinylid compound wherein the halogen derivative corresponds to the imidazoline ylide compound in which a chlorine, bromine or iodine atom is present instead of the fluorine atoms bonded to the boron atom,
- the halogen derivative of the imidazolinylid compound is provided, for example, by the reaction of an organic boron dihalide RBX2 with a tetrachlorosilane-carbene complex.
- triethylamine trihydrogen fluoride is used as the hydrogen fluoride amine salt.
- the electrolyte contains an imidazole ylide compound described above.
- the invention also relates to a battery which contains an electrolyte as described above.
- Hexafluorophosphate EC ethylene carbonate. DEC diethyl carbonate.
- XPS- X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy English: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
- AFM - atomic force microscope, also atomic force microscope or atomic force microscope English: Atomic Force Microscopy).
- FIG. 1 four diagrams with cycling of NMC111
- the number of cycles 115 is indicated on the abscissa in each of the four graphs.
- the ordinate in each case indicates the specific capacity in milliamperes per gram 105 .
- an empty box symbol represents the specific capacity that is applied during charging and a filled box symbol represents the specific capacity that is reached during discharging.
- the potential 107 fluctuates between approximately 3 volts and approximately 4.25 volts during charging and discharging up to the 10th cycle. This can also be observed in the lower left graph 103, so the shutdown additive has no influence on the potential 107 before overcharging. From the 11th cycle, the upper right graph 101 and the lower left graph 103 An overcharging can be observed in each case: the potential 107 approaches approximately 5 volts in the upper right graph 101. In the lower left graph 103, the potential 107 approaches only about 4.5 volts until decomposition of the shutdown additive 111 is observed and the potential 107 initially only rises slightly.
- Production example shutdown additive 1 [36] 20 ml of solvent CH 2 Cl 2; Yield 85% white solid.
- the shut-down additive 2 was produced in the same way as the shut-down additive 1.
- shut-down additive 3 was produced in the same way as the shut-down additive 1.
- the shut-down additive 4 was produced analogously to the shut-down additive 1.
- a microporous separator was used Ceramic-coated film used (under the brand name Separion ® from Evonik Industries AG). The cells were formed with a C rate of 0.1C and a subsequent C rate of IC was galvanostatically cycled at 20 ° C. The C-rate describes the charging (or discharging) current of a battery in relation to the capacity C.
- shut-down additive 1 in one case without the addition of shut-down additive 1, in the other case with the addition of 1% shut-down additive 1 (% by weight) to each 5th cycle, an overcharge was carried out at 3.0-4.95 V vs. Li / Li +.
- shut-down effect was carried out by means of galvanostatic cycling, as well as by means of impedance spectroscopy (strong increase in charge transfer resistance observed), by means of XPS (decomposition products of the additive were identified and the thickness of the passivation layer was determined ).
- the shut-down effect was visualized using the imaging methods AFM and SEM.
- Table 1 shows the decomposition voltage, the retention of capacity and the Coulombic efficiency of the compounds according to the invention (NHC-BF 2 -Ph and NHC-BF 2 -CH 3 ) and the compounds from the prior art (NHC-BF 3 and NHC -PF 4 - CF 3 ), in each case when used in an electrolyte under the above-mentioned conditions.
- the shut-down additive was used in a 0.1 M concentration in each case.
- Table 1 Decomposition voltage, the retention of capacity and the Coulombic efficiency of the compounds according to the invention and the compounds from the prior art.
- a cell with an electrolyte containing NHC-BF 2 -Ph as a shut-down additive shows a significantly better galvanostatic cycle behavior than an otherwise identical cell with a shut-down additive from the prior art (both NHC-BF 3 or NHC-PF 4 -CF 3 ).
- the cycle behavior can be read from the decomposition voltage, the capacity retention and the Coulomb efficiency.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102020103326.5A DE102020103326A1 (de) | 2020-02-10 | 2020-02-10 | Imidazolinylid-Verbindung zur Verwendung als Shut-Down- Additiv für Lithium-Ionen-Batterien sowie Elektrolyt und Batterie |
| PCT/DE2021/200011 WO2021160226A1 (de) | 2020-02-10 | 2021-02-09 | Imidazolinylid-verbindung zur verwendung als shut-down-additiv für lithium-ionen-batterien sowie elektrolyt und batterie |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4104238A1 true EP4104238A1 (de) | 2022-12-21 |
Family
ID=75108104
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21712955.0A Pending EP4104238A1 (de) | 2020-02-10 | 2021-02-09 | Imidazolinylid-verbindung zur verwendung als shut-down-additiv für lithium-ionen-batterien sowie elektrolyt und batterie |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US12586824B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4104238A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2023513253A (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20220139316A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN115280570A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102020103326A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2021160226A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2025209438A1 (zh) * | 2024-04-03 | 2025-10-09 | 辉能科技股份有限公司 | 锂二次电池自我毒化系统与被毒化的失能锂二次电池 |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2866478A1 (fr) * | 2004-02-12 | 2005-08-19 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Batterie au lithium protegee dans le cas d'une utilisation inappropriee |
| US7582380B1 (en) * | 2004-04-08 | 2009-09-01 | Electrochemical Systems, Inc. | Lithium-ion cell with a wide operating temperature range |
| DE102004051278A1 (de) * | 2004-10-21 | 2006-04-27 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Neue borhaltige starke Säuren, deren Herstellung und Verwendung |
| DE102005029124A1 (de) * | 2005-06-23 | 2006-12-28 | Degussa Ag | Filmbildner freies Elektrolyt-Separator-System sowie dessen Verwendung in elektrochemischen Energiespeichern |
| US20070072085A1 (en) * | 2005-09-26 | 2007-03-29 | Zonghai Chen | Overcharge protection for electrochemical cells |
| JP5358974B2 (ja) * | 2008-02-28 | 2013-12-04 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | フッ素化1,3−ジオキソラン−2−オンの製造方法 |
| DE102012102535A1 (de) | 2012-03-23 | 2013-09-26 | Jacobs University Bremen Ggmbh | 1,3-dimethylimidazolidin-2-yliden tetrachlorsilizium(IV) als Carben-Transfer-Reagenz zur Darstellung von Carben-Komplexen von Übergansmetallen und Hauptgruppenelementen |
| JP2015026548A (ja) * | 2013-07-26 | 2015-02-05 | 株式会社日本触媒 | 過充電防止剤及びこれを含む電解液、並びにリチウムイオン二次電池 |
| KR20150085670A (ko) * | 2014-01-16 | 2015-07-24 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 리튬 전지용 전해질 첨가제, 이를 포함하는 전해질 및 상기 전해질을 채용한 리튬 전지 |
| DE102014010526A1 (de) * | 2014-07-18 | 2016-01-21 | Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Elektrolytsystem für den Einsatz in elektrochemischen Bauteilen |
| CN110891958B (zh) * | 2017-07-14 | 2023-07-11 | 三井化学株式会社 | 氟磷酸硼锂络合物、含有氟磷酸硼锂的组合物、电池用非水电解液、及锂二次电池 |
| JP2019185979A (ja) * | 2018-04-06 | 2019-10-24 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 電解液、電気化学デバイス、リチウムイオン二次電池及びモジュール |
| EP3827030B1 (de) | 2018-07-23 | 2024-03-27 | ARLANXEO Deutschland GmbH | Hydrierung von nitrilkautschuk |
| CN110265719A (zh) * | 2019-06-04 | 2019-09-20 | 江西力能新能源科技有限公司 | 一种锂电池的电解质材料及其制备工艺 |
-
2020
- 2020-02-10 DE DE102020103326.5A patent/DE102020103326A1/de active Pending
-
2021
- 2021-02-09 CN CN202180013948.9A patent/CN115280570A/zh active Pending
- 2021-02-09 JP JP2022548444A patent/JP2023513253A/ja active Pending
- 2021-02-09 KR KR1020227026985A patent/KR20220139316A/ko not_active Ceased
- 2021-02-09 US US17/798,084 patent/US12586824B2/en active Active
- 2021-02-09 WO PCT/DE2021/200011 patent/WO2021160226A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2021-02-09 EP EP21712955.0A patent/EP4104238A1/de active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102020103326A1 (de) | 2021-08-12 |
| WO2021160226A1 (de) | 2021-08-19 |
| US20230099524A1 (en) | 2023-03-30 |
| JP2023513253A (ja) | 2023-03-30 |
| CN115280570A (zh) | 2022-11-01 |
| US12586824B2 (en) | 2026-03-24 |
| KR20220139316A (ko) | 2022-10-14 |
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Owner name: FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JUELICH GMBH Owner name: CONSTRUCTOR UNIVERSITY BREMEN GGMBH |