EP4132890A1 - Procede de depot de couches minces - Google Patents
Procede de depot de couches mincesInfo
- Publication number
- EP4132890A1 EP4132890A1 EP21722525.9A EP21722525A EP4132890A1 EP 4132890 A1 EP4132890 A1 EP 4132890A1 EP 21722525 A EP21722525 A EP 21722525A EP 4132890 A1 EP4132890 A1 EP 4132890A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- substrate
- titanium oxide
- radiation
- laser
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
- C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
- C03C17/3626—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer one layer at least containing a nitride, oxynitride, boronitride or carbonitride
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
- C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
- C03C17/3636—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer one layer at least containing silicon, hydrogenated silicon or a silicide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
- C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
- C03C17/3642—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the multilayer coating containing a metal layer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
- C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
- C03C17/3649—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer made of metals other than silver
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
- C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
- C03C17/3655—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the multilayer coating containing at least one conducting layer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
- C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
- C03C17/3681—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the multilayer coating being used in glazing, e.g. windows or windscreens
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2218/00—Methods for coating glass
- C03C2218/30—Aspects of methods for coating glass not covered above
- C03C2218/32—After-treatment
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of materials comprising a substrate provided with a photocatalytic coating. It relates more particularly to a process for obtaining a material comprising a substrate coated with a photocatalytic coating and a substrate coated with a photocatalytic coating thus obtained.
- Photocatalytic coatings in particular those based on titanium dioxide, are known to impart self-cleaning and anti-fouling properties to the substrates which are provided with them. Two properties are at the origin of these advantageous characteristics. Titanium oxide is first of all photocatalytic, that is to say that it is capable under adequate radiation, generally ultraviolet radiation, of catalyzing the reactions of degradation of organic compounds. This photocatalytic activity is initiated within the layer by the creation of an electron-hole pair.
- titanium dioxide exhibits extremely pronounced hydrophilicity when irradiated with this same type of radiation. This strong hydrophilicity, sometimes referred to as “super hydrophilicity”, allows the evacuation of mineral soiling under water runoff, for example rainwater.
- titanium oxide The photocatalytic properties of titanium oxide, however, depend on its crystalline form: an amorphous titanium oxide is much less efficient in terms of degradation of organic compounds than a crystallized titanium oxide. It is also known that titanium oxide crystallized in the anatase form is much more effective than the rutile or brookite form. The quality of crystallization also has a significant impact on the photocatalytic properties.
- the active species of the plasma by bombarding the target, tear off said elements, which are deposited on the substrate, forming the desired thin layer.
- This process is said to be “reactive” when the layer consists of a material resulting from a chemical reaction between the elements torn from the target and the gas contained in the plasma.
- the major advantage of this method lies in the possibility of depositing on the same line a very complex stack of layers by successively scrolling the substrate under different targets, generally in one and the same device.
- WO2011 / 039488 describes, for example, a method for depositing a metal oxide layer, in particular titanium oxide, comprising the deposition of a metal layer and the oxidation of this metal layer
- the rapid heat treatment methods as described in WO2009 / 136110 or WO2011 / 039488 do not allow d 'obtain titanium oxide layers in anatase form with sufficient crystallization quality, which limits the effectiveness of the photocatalytic coatings thus obtained.
- the object of the present invention is to obviate this drawback by proposing a method implementing a rapid heat treatment, in particular using a laser, while making it possible to obtain a substrate coated with a photocatalytic coating. based on titanium oxide with improved photocatalytic properties.
- the method according to the invention should also make it possible to maintain a high light transmission for the coated substrate obtained.
- the present invention relates to a process for obtaining a material comprising a substrate coated with a photocatalytic coating, said process comprising:
- the stack of thin layers successively comprises, from the substrate, an absorbent layer, a barrier layer in direct contact with the absorbent layer, and a titanium oxide-based layer in direct contact with the layer. barrier layer.
- the Applicant has demonstrated that, during the rapid heat treatment by irradiation of the stack with the aid of radiation, in particular laser radiation, having at least one treatment wavelength between 380 and 2500 nm, preferably 500 to 2000 nm fast, the introduction of a barrier layer between the absorbent layer and the titanium oxide-based layer makes it possible to significantly improve the quality of crystallization of the latter. . It seems in fact that the direct contact of the absorbent layer with the titanium oxide-based layer affects the quality of the crystallization of the titanium oxide during the rapid treatment. Without wishing to be bound by any theory, this phenomenon could be attributed to pollution of the titanium oxide-based layer by diffusion of metal atoms coming from the layer.
- the titanium oxide-based layer absorbent in the titanium oxide-based layer, or has an epitaxy effect affecting the quality of crystallization of the titanium oxide-based layer in anatas form.
- the presence of the barrier layer makes it possible to counteract these drawbacks and to improve the photocatalytic properties of the titanium oxide-based layer obtained by means of a rapid heat treatment.
- the method according to the invention comprises a first step of depositing on a substrate a stack of thin layers comprising successively, from the substrate, an absorbent layer, a barrier layer in direct contact with the absorbent layer, and a base layer. of titanium oxide in direct contact with the barrier layer.
- the terms “under” or “below” and “on” or “above”, associated with the position of an element A (layer, coating) with respect to another element B signify that the element A is closer, respectively further away, from the substrate than the element B. These terms do not however exclude the presence of other layers between said first and second layers.
- an element A “in direct contact” with an element B means that no other element is arranged between said elements A and B. The same applies to the expressions “directly above” and “directly above”. below ”.
- a layer generally comprises at least 50% by weight of the element considered (metal, oxide, etc.), preferably at least 60%. and even 70% or 80%, or even 90%, 95% or 99% by weight of this element. In certain cases, the layer can consist of this element, except for impurities.
- the absorbent layer can be in direct contact with the substrate. However, in certain cases, other layers, such as an alkali barrier layer, for example based on silicon oxide, nitride or oxynitride, can be deposited between the substrate and the absorbent layer.
- the stack according to the invention can be deposited on top of other functional coatings well known to those skilled in the art, such as anti-reflective coatings formed from alternating layers with low and high refraction indices, Anti-condensation coatings based on transparent conductive oxide layers, or solar control coatings comprising infrared reflecting metallic layers. These are then found between the substrate and the absorbent layer. In general, no other layer is deposited on the titanium oxide-based layer so that the photocatalytic layer of titanium oxide obtained at the end of the process according to the invention is the last layer of the coating in contact. with the atmosphere.
- the substrate can be organic or inorganic such as a sheet of glass, ceramic glass, or a polymeric organic material. It is preferably transparent, colorless (it is then a clear or extra-clear glass) or colored, for example blue, green, gray or bronze.
- the glass is preferably of the soda-lime-silicate type, but it can also be of the borosilicate or alumino-borosilicate type glass.
- the preferred polymeric organic materials are polycarbonate or polymethyl methacrylate or else polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- the substrate advantageously has at least one dimension greater than or equal to 1 m, or even 2 m and even 3 m.
- the thickness of the substrate generally varies between 0.5 mm and 19 mm, preferably between 0.7 and 9 mm, in particular between 2 and 8 mm, or even between 4 and 6 mm.
- the substrate can be flat or curved, or even flexible.
- the glass substrate is preferably of the float type, that is to say capable of having been obtained by a process consisting in pouring the molten glass onto a bath of molten tin (“float” bath). In this case, the layer to be treated can equally well be deposited on the “tin” side as on the “atmosphere” side of the substrate.
- Atmosphere and tin faces is understood to mean the faces of the substrate having been respectively in contact with the atmosphere prevailing in the float bath and in contact with the molten tin.
- the tin side contains a small surface quantity of tin which has diffused into the structure of the glass.
- the glass substrate can also be obtained by lamination between two rollers, a technique making it possible in particular to print patterns on the surface of the glass.
- the various layers of the photocatalytic coating according to the invention can be deposited by any deposition method well known to those skilled in the art. They are preferably deposited by cathodic sputtering, in particular assisted by a magnetic field.
- the deposition of the titanium oxide-based layer is carried out at a relatively low temperature, for example at less than 100 ° C, preferably less than 80 ° C, or even at room temperature.
- the substrate is usually at room temperature or is slightly heated (below 80 ° C).
- the titanium oxide-based layer is generally essentially (that is to say at least 80%, or even at least 90% by weight) amorphous before the heat treatment step. It typically has a thickness of 2 to 30 nm, preferably 5 to 20 nm.
- the titanium oxide-based layer can be doped, for example with atoms chosen from carbon and fluorine. However, it is preferably a layer titanium oxide, possibly slightly substoichiometric.
- the titanium oxide is then denoted TiOx, x being greater than or equal to 1.8, in particular TiCk.
- the absorbent layer typically has a thickness of 2 to 8 nm, preferably 3 to 5 nm. It is preferably a metallic layer, in particular a metallic layer based on titanium, zirconium, hafnium, niobium, indium, tin, zinc, nickel, chromium, aluminum, silicon or a mixture thereof, preferably based on titanium, zirconium, niobium or nickel-chromium.
- the absorbent layer generally exhibits an absorption greater than 10%, preferably greater than 15%, or even greater than 20%, and up to 30%, preferably up to 40%, or even up to 50%, at the wavelength of radiation. The absorption can in a known manner be deduced from measurements carried out using a spectrophotometer.
- the stack according to the invention does not include other metallic layers, such as a silver-based layer, between the absorbent layer and the substrate.
- the absorbent layer is a metallic layer
- the stack according to the invention (including a possible underlying coating) preferably comprises only a single metallic layer.
- the barrier layer according to the invention can be an anti-diffusion layer, in particular of metal atoms. It can be any layer making it possible to prevent the migration of the elements from the absorbent layer to the layer based on titanium oxide. Alternatively, or cumulatively, the barrier layer can be an anti-epitaxy layer. It can be any layer preventing epitaxy phenomena between the absorbent layer and the titanium oxide-based layer.
- the barrier layer typically has a thickness of 5 to 100 nm, preferably 10 to 80 nm, or even 20 to 50 nm. In a preferred embodiment, the barrier layer is a monolayer. He This is preferably a layer based on silicon oxide, nitride or oxynitride.
- the barrier layer can be a multilayer, in particular a bilayer or a tri-layer.
- it typically consists of a main layer and one or more secondary layers above and / or below the main layer (in particular a first secondary layer above the main layer and / or a second secondary layer below the main layer).
- the main layer providing its function to the barrier layer, typically represents at least 70%, or even at least 80%, or even at least 90%, of the thickness of the barrier layer. It is preferably a layer based on silicon oxide, nitride or oxynitride.
- the secondary layer or layers typically have a thickness less than 20 nm, preferably less than 15 nm, in particular 2 to 10 nm.
- dielectric material is understood to mean a material having an n / k ratio, at the wavelength 550 nm, greater than or equal to 5.0 (it is recalled that n denotes the real refractive index of the material and k represents the imaginary part of the refractive index).
- dielectric material typically layers of oxide, nitride or oxynitride, for example layers of silicon nitride, zinc and / or tin oxide, titanium oxide, etc. secondary can make it possible to adjust certain properties, in particular optical ones.
- the method according to the invention also comprises a step of heat treatment of the stack using a device emitting radiation having at least one treatment wavelength between 380 and 2500 nm.
- the radiation is preferably chosen from radiation from at least one laser, radiation from at least one infrared lamp, or radiation from at least one flash lamp.
- This heat treatment makes it possible to crystallize the titanium oxide-based layer. essentially amorphous in order to obtain a layer based on photocatalytic oxide, crystallized at least in part in the anatase form.
- the radiation comes from at least one flash lamp.
- Such lamps are generally in the form of sealed glass or quartz tubes filled with a rare gas, fitted with electrodes at their ends. Under the effect of a short-lived electrical impulse, obtained by discharging a capacitor, the gas ionizes and produces a particularly intense incoherent light.
- the emission spectrum generally has at least two emission lines; it is preferably a continuous spectrum with a maximum emission in the near ultraviolet and extending to the near infrared. In this case, the heat treatment involves a continuum of treatment wavelengths.
- the lamp is preferably a xenon lamp. It can also be an argon, helium, or krypton lamp.
- the emission spectrum preferably comprises several lines, in particular at wavelengths ranging from 380 to 1000 nm.
- the duration of the flash is preferably within a range ranging from 0.05 to 20 milliseconds, in particular from 0.1 to 5 milliseconds.
- the repetition rate is preferably within a range ranging from 0.1 to 5 Hz, in particular from 0.2 to 2 Hz.
- the radiation can come from several lamps arranged side by side, for example 5 to 20 lamps, or even 8 to 15 lamps, so as to simultaneously treat a larger area. All the lamps can in this case emit flashes simultaneously.
- the or each lamp is preferably disposed transversely to the longest sides of the substrate.
- the or each lamp has a length of preferably at least 1 m, in particular 2 m and even 3 m so as to be able to treat large substrates.
- the use of an absorbent layer according to the invention nevertheless makes it possible to use modules of shorter lengths combined with each other to achieve the desired length without, however, affecting the homogeneity of the treatment generally induced by the areas of overlap between the areas of. irradiation of each module.
- the capacitor is typically charged to a voltage of 500 V to 500 kV.
- the current density is preferably at least 4000 A / cm 2 .
- the total energy density emitted by the flash lamps, relative to the surface of the coating, is preferably between 1 and 100 J / cm 2 , in particular between 1 and 30 J / cm 2 , or even between 5 and 20 J / cm 2 .
- the radiation is laser radiation, in particular laser radiation in the form of at least one laser line, preferably focused on the absorbent layer.
- the laser radiation simultaneously irradiates at least a portion of the width, preferably the entire width, of the substrate.
- the laser radiation is preferably generated by modules comprising one or more laser sources as well as shaping and redirection optics.
- the laser sources are typically laser diodes or fiber lasers, in particular fiber, diode or even disc lasers.
- Laser diodes make it possible to economically achieve high power densities compared to the electrical power supply, for a small footprint.
- the bulk of fiber lasers is even smaller, and the linear power obtained can be further higher, but at a higher cost.
- fiber lasers is understood to mean lasers in which the place of generation of the laser light is spatially offset with respect to its place of delivery, the laser light being delivered by means of at least one optical fiber.
- the laser light is generated in a resonant cavity in which the emitting medium is located which is in the form of a disc, for example a thin disc (about 0.1 mm thick) in Yb: YAG.
- the light thus generated is coupled into at least one optical fiber directed towards the place of treatment.
- the laser can also be fiber, in the sense that the amplification medium is itself an optical fiber.
- Fiber or disc lasers are preferably optically pumped using laser diodes.
- the radiation from the laser sources is preferably continuous. It can alternatively be pulsed.
- the wavelength of the laser radiation is preferably in a range from 380 to 2500 nm, preferably 500 to 1300 nm, in particular from 800 to 1100 nm.
- Power laser diodes emitting at one or more wavelengths chosen from among 808 nm, 880 nm, 915 nm, 940 nm or 980 nm have proved to be particularly well suited.
- the treatment wavelength is for example 1030 nm (emission wavelength for a Yb: YAG laser).
- the processing wavelength is typically 1070 nm.
- the number of laser lines and their arrangement are advantageously chosen so that the entire width of the substrate is processed.
- disjoint lines can be used, for example arranged in staggered rows or in bird's eye view.
- the laser lines are combined so as to form a single laser line.
- this laser line can be generated by a single laser module.
- the laser line advantageously results from the combination of a plurality of elementary laser lines each generated by independent laser modules.
- the length of these elementary laser lines typically ranges from 10 to 100 cm, in particular from 30 to 75 cm, or even from 30 to 60 cm.
- the elementary lines are preferably arranged so as to partially overlap in the direction of the length and preferably have an offset in the width direction, said offset being less than the half-sum of the widths of two adjacent elementary lines.
- the term “length” of the line is understood to mean the largest dimension of the line, measured on the surface of the coating in a first direction, and by “width” the dimension in the second direction, perpendicular to the first direction.
- the width w of the line corresponds to the distance (in this second direction) between the axis of the beam (where the intensity of the radiation is maximum) and the point where the radiation intensity is equal to 1 / e 2 times the maximum intensity. If the longitudinal axis of the laser line is named x, we can define a width distribution along this axis, named w (x).
- the average width of the or each laser line is preferably at least 35 mhi, in particular within a range ranging from 40 to 100 mhi, or even from 40 to 70 mhi, or in a range ranging from 110 mhi to 30 mm.
- the term “average” is understood to mean the arithmetic mean.
- the width distribution is preferably narrow in order to limit as much as possible any heterogeneity of treatment.
- the difference between the largest width and the smallest width is preferably at most 10% of the value of the medium width. This figure is preferably at most 5% and even 3%. In some embodiments this difference may be greater than 10%, for example from 11 to
- the linear power of the laser line is preferably at least 50 W / cm, advantageously 100 or 150 W / cm, in particular 200 W / cm, or even 300 W / cm and even 350 W / cm. It is even advantageously at least 400 W / cm, in particular 500 W / cm, or even 600, 800 or 1000 W / cm.
- the linear power is measured where the or each laser line is focused on the coating. It can be measured by placing a power detector along the line, for example a calorimetric power meter, such as in particular the Beam Finder S / N 2000716 power meter from the company Cohérent Inc.
- the power is advantageously distributed in such a way. homogeneous over the entire length of the or each row. Preferably, the difference between the highest power and the lowest power is less than 10% of the average power.
- the radiation is radiation originating from one or more infrared lamps.
- the infrared lamp (s) preferably have a power of 50 to 150 W / m 2 .
- Their emission spectrum typically exhibits at least 80% of the intensity between 400 and 1500 nm with a maximum between 800 and 1000 nm.
- a relative displacement between the radiation source and said substrate is preferably created.
- the or each radiation source in particular laser line or flash lamp
- the substrate is in motion, so that the relative displacement speeds will correspond to the running speed. of substrate.
- the or each laser line is substantially perpendicular to the direction of movement.
- the method according to the invention has the advantage of heating only the coating, without significant heating of the entire substrate. This eliminates the need for slow, controlled cooling of the substrate before cutting or storage.
- the temperature at any point on the face of the substrate opposite to that bearing the functional layer is preferably at most 150 ° C, in particular 100 ° C and even 50 ° C.
- the maximum temperature undergone by each point of the coating during the heat treatment is preferably at least 300 ° C, in particular at least 350 ° C, or even at least 400 ° C, and even at least 500 ° C or at least 600 ° C, and preferably less than 900 ° C, in particular less than 800 ° C, or even less than 700 ° C.
- the maximum temperature is particularly experienced when the point of the coating considered passes under the laser line, or is irradiated by the flash of the flash lamp or the infrared lamp.
- Each point of the coating undergoes the heat treatment (or is brought to the maximum temperature) for a period advantageously less than or equal to 1 second, or even 0.5 second.
- this time is fixed both by the width of the laser line and by the speed of relative movement between the substrate and the laser line.
- this duration corresponds to the duration of the flash.
- the substrate can be set in motion using any mechanical conveying means, for example using strips, rollers or trays in translation.
- the conveyor system makes it possible to control and regulate the speed of movement. If the the substrate is made of flexible organic polymeric material, the movement can be carried out using a film advance system in the form of a succession of rollers.
- the substrate and of the radiation emitting device are of course possible, as long as the surface of the substrate can be suitably irradiated.
- the substrate will most generally be arranged horizontally, but it can also be arranged vertically, or at any possible inclination.
- the processing device is generally arranged so as to irradiate the upper face of the substrate.
- the processing device can also irradiate the underside of the substrate.
- the substrate support system possibly the substrate conveying system when the latter is in motion, must allow the radiation to pass into the zone to be irradiated. This is the case, for example, when laser radiation and conveyor rollers are used: the rollers being separate, it is possible to place the laser in an area between two successive rollers.
- the speed of the relative displacement movement between the substrate and the or each source of radiation is advantageously at least 2 m / min, in particular at least 5 m / min, or even at least 8 m / min. min and even at least 10 m / min or at least 20 m / min. This can be adjusted according to the nature of the functional layer to be treated and the power of the radiation source used.
- the heat treatment device can be integrated into a layer deposition line, for example a magnetic field assisted cathodic sputtering deposition line (magnetron process).
- the line generally includes devices for handling the substrate, a deposition installation, control devices optical, stacking devices.
- the substrates, in particular glass, pass, for example on conveyor rollers, successively in front of each device or each installation.
- the heat treatment device is preferably located just after the installation for depositing the stack, for example at the outlet of the depositing installation.
- the coated substrate can thus be treated in line after the deposition of the stack, at the exit of the deposition installation and before the optical control devices, or after the optical control devices and before the substrate stacking devices. .
- the heat treatment according to the invention within the vacuum deposition chamber itself.
- the laser, flash lamp or infrared lamp is then integrated into the deposit installation.
- the laser can be introduced into one of the chambers of a sputtering deposition installation.
- the recovery processes may however be of interest in cases where the implementation of the heat treatment according to the invention is carried out in a place different from that where the deposition is carried out, for example in a place where the transformation of the glass is carried out.
- the heat treatment device can therefore be integrated into lines other than the layer deposition line. It can for example be integrated into a production line for multiple glazing (double or triple glazing in particular), in a production line for laminated glazing.
- the heat treatment according to the invention is preferably carried out before the production of the multiple or laminated glazing.
- the presence of a barrier layer between the absorbent layer and the titanium oxide-based layer makes it possible to obtain, after the heat treatment step according to the invention, a photocatalytic oxide-based layer.
- crystallization quality of the titanium oxide layer can be evaluated by Raman spectroscopy.
- crystallization quality of the titanium oxide layer can be evaluated by Raman spectroscopy.
- the expression “crystallized in the anatase form”, or “partially crystallized in the anatase form” used equivalently, means that the photocatalytic layer based on titanium oxide is crystallized mainly in the anatase form, that is to say at at least 50%, preferably at least 70%, or even at least 90%, by weight of the titanium oxide is crystallized in the anatase form.
- the method according to the invention can also comprise, after the heat treatment step using a device emitting radiation, a subsequent heat treatment step.
- a subsequent heat treatment step can be quenching.
- the coated substrate is generally subjected to an elevated temperature such as at least 500 ° C, preferably at least 550 ° C, and generally up to less than 750 ° C, preferably less than 700 ° C.
- This subsequent heat treatment can be carried out during bending processes.
- Coated organic substrates can also be subjected to a subsequent heat treatment. In this case, however, lower temperatures should be used to avoid melting or softening of the substrate.
- the temperature depends on the nature of the substrate. It can be 100 ° C or 150 ° C and up to 250 ° C or 200 ° C.
- the present invention also relates to a material comprising a substrate coated with a stack of thin film comprising successively, from the substrate, an absorbent layer, a barrier layer in direct contact with the absorbent layer, and an oxide-based layer. titanium in direct contact with the barrier layer.
- This substrate is intended to undergo a heat treatment using a device emitting radiation having at least one treatment wavelength between 380 and 2500 nm, in order to obtain a substrate coated with a photocatalytic coating based on titanium oxide crystallized in the form of anatase exhibiting good crystallization quality.
- the present invention also relates to a material comprising a substrate coated with a photocatalytic coating capable in particular of being obtained by the process according to the invention, characterized in that the photocatalytic coating comprises, as the last layer, a layer based on 'titanium oxide crystallized in anatase form exhibiting, on a spectrum obtained by Raman spectrophotometry, a peak (Eg (l)) between 130 and 160 cm 1 , preferably between 135 and 155 cm 1 , having a width at mid-height ( denoted FWHM for Full-Width Half-Maximum) from 14 to 30 cm 1 , preferably from 17 to 25 cm 1 .
- a peak Eg (l)
- the titanium oxide layer generally also has a second peak (Blg (l)) between 380 and 410 cm 1 , preferably between 385 and 405 cm 1 , and the ratio lE g (i) / lBi g (i) of the intensity between the first peak Eg (l) and the second peak Blg (l) is greater than 20.
- the Raman spectrum is typically obtained using a spectrometer Raman equipped with a laser source having a wavelength of 532 nm and a power of 50 mW, a magnification objective of x100, a grating of 2400 lines / mm and a controlled entry slit at 20 pm.
- the exposure time of samples typically 20 s.
- Raman spectra are generally obtained in mapping mode on zones of 10 x 10 ⁇ m, the measurements preferably being carried out on several zones, typically from 3 to 10 zones, evenly distributed over the sample.
- the values of interest (the width at mid-height of the peak Eg (l), LHWME g (i), or the intensities of the peaks Eg (l) and Blg (l), respectively lE g (i) and lBi g ( i)) for a given sample are determined as follows: a Lorentz adjustment is performed for each spectrum acquired from each of the maps in order to deduce a point value of interest corresponding to each of these spectra; the value of interest for the sample considered corresponds to the average of the point values of interest deduced from each of the spectra.
- the metal oxide layer is preferably a layer of titanium oxide, zirconium, hafnium, niobium, indium, tin, zinc, nickel, chromium, aluminum, silicon or a mixture thereof. It typically has a thickness of 3 to 20nm, preferably 5 to 10nm.
- the characteristics of the titanium oxide-based layer unlike its crystallinity, are identical to those described above in relation to the process according to the invention.
- the other characteristics relating to the stack or the substrate described above in relation to the method according to the invention also apply to the stack of the material obtained according to the invention.
- the coating preferably has a visible light transmission (VLT) greater than 50%, preferably greater than 60%, more preferably greater than 70%. It also preferably has a visible light reflection (VLR) of less than 39%, preferably less than 20%. Visible light transmission (VLT), or light transmission, is the amount, expressed as a percentage, of incident visible light passing through the material. Visible light reflection (VLR), or light reflection, is the amount, expressed as a percentage, of incident visible light reflected from the material. VLT and VLR are measured according to ISO 9050: 2003.
- the material obtained according to the invention is preferably incorporated into a glazing.
- the glazing can be single or multiple (in particular double or triple), in the sense that it can comprise several sheets of glass leaving a space filled with gas.
- the glazing can also be laminated and / or tempered and / or hardened and / or curved.
- the face of the substrate opposite the face on which the stack is deposited, or where appropriate a face of another substrate of the multiple glazing, can be coated with another functional layer or with a stack of functional layers. They may in particular be layers or stacks with a thermal function, in particular sun protection or low-emissivity, for example stacks comprising a layer of silver protected by dielectric layers. It may also be a mirror layer, in particular based on silver.
- the glazing may be a lacquer or an enamel intended to opacify the glazing to make it a facade facing panel called a spandrel.
- the spandrel is placed on the facade alongside the non-opacified glazing and makes it possible to obtain fully glazed facades that are aesthetically homogeneous.
- Samples of substrates coated with photocatalytic coatings were prepared by depositing thin layers on clear glass substrates of the sodium-silica type using a magnetron line.
- the CO sample taken as a reference, exhibits a stack of thin layers consisting, successively from the substrate, of a layer of silicon oxide (alkali barrier layer) and of a layer of titanium oxide.
- Sample C1 is a comparative example corresponding to WO2009 / 136110 and has, with respect to CO, a layer of metallic titanium (absorbent layer) arranged between the layer of silicon oxide and the layer of titanium oxide.
- Example C2 is a comparative example corresponding to WO2011 / 039488 and presents a stack consisting of a layer of silicon oxide (alkali barrier layer) and a layer of metallic titanium.
- Samples II and 12 are examples according to the invention. It has a stack consisting successively of a layer of silicon oxide (alkali barrier layer), a layer of metallic titanium (absorbent layer), a layer of silicon oxide (barrier layer) and a layer titanium oxide. 12 has a stack similar to II, with the difference that the first layer of silicon oxide serving as an alkali barrier layer is absent.
- the samples were then subjected to a heat treatment using an in-line laser, obtained by juxtaposition of several elementary lines, emitting radiation with a wavelength of 1030 nm, opposite which the coated substrate comes scroll in translation. After measuring the photocatalytic activity and checking the crystallinity of the titanium oxide-based layers, the samples were subjected to quenching at 650 ° C for 10 min, after which the photocatalytic activity and crystallinity titanium oxide based layers were again evaluated.
- the crystallinity of the titanium oxide layers and the widths at mid-height of the peak Eg (l), as well as the intensities of the peaks Eg (l), lE g (i), and Blg (l), lBi g (i ), are determined by Raman spectroscopy. Table 1 below summarizes the characteristics of each of the samples and the results obtained. The first line corresponds to the outermost layer of the coating.
- Examples II and 12 according to the invention having a barrier layer between the absorbent layer and the titanium oxide-based layer exhibit higher Kb values than Examples CO, Cl, and C2 after laser treatment. This is attributed to better crystallization of titanium oxide obtained for Examples II and 12 after laser treatment. After quenching, a decrease in photocatalytic activity is observed for Examples C1 and C2 to a level equivalent to an uncoated glass substrate. On the contrary, Examples II and 12 exhibit improved photocatalytic properties.
- the photocatalytic activity levels observed for the samples with the barrier layer confirm that a better quality crystallization of the titanium oxide layer was obtained compared to the samples without a barrier layer.
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2003544A FR3109147B1 (fr) | 2020-04-08 | 2020-04-08 | Procede de depot de couches minces |
| FR2008656A FR3113672B1 (fr) | 2020-08-25 | 2020-08-25 | Procede d’obtention d’un materiau revetu d’un revetement photocatalytique |
| PCT/FR2021/050613 WO2021205119A1 (fr) | 2020-04-08 | 2021-04-07 | Procede de depot de couches minces |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4132890A1 true EP4132890A1 (fr) | 2023-02-15 |
Family
ID=75746952
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21722525.9A Withdrawn EP4132890A1 (fr) | 2020-04-08 | 2021-04-07 | Procede de depot de couches minces |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4132890A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2021205119A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3122420A1 (fr) * | 2021-04-29 | 2022-11-04 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Revêtement photocatalytique et procede d’obtention d’un revêtement photocatalytique |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2845774B1 (fr) * | 2002-10-10 | 2005-01-07 | Glaverbel | Article reflechissant hydrophile |
| FR2929938B1 (fr) | 2008-04-11 | 2010-05-07 | Saint Gobain | Procede de depot de couche mince. |
| FR2948037B1 (fr) * | 2009-07-17 | 2012-12-28 | Saint Gobain | Materiau photocatalytique |
| FR2950878B1 (fr) | 2009-10-01 | 2011-10-21 | Saint Gobain | Procede de depot de couche mince |
-
2021
- 2021-04-07 EP EP21722525.9A patent/EP4132890A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2021-04-07 WO PCT/FR2021/050613 patent/WO2021205119A1/fr not_active Ceased
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2021205119A1 (fr) | 2021-10-14 |
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