EP4136275A1 - Appareil et procédé de production d'hydrogène gazeux - Google Patents

Appareil et procédé de production d'hydrogène gazeux

Info

Publication number
EP4136275A1
EP4136275A1 EP21727196.4A EP21727196A EP4136275A1 EP 4136275 A1 EP4136275 A1 EP 4136275A1 EP 21727196 A EP21727196 A EP 21727196A EP 4136275 A1 EP4136275 A1 EP 4136275A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cell
reservoir
reservoir portion
anode
cathode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21727196.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Martin Moore
Paul Crompton
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hydroluminum Ltd
Original Assignee
Atom Industries International Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Atom Industries International Ltd filed Critical Atom Industries International Ltd
Publication of EP4136275A1 publication Critical patent/EP4136275A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
    • C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
    • C25B15/087—Recycling of electrolyte to electrochemical cell
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
    • C25B9/19—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/08—Fuel cells with aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M8/083—Alkaline fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/22—Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising carbon or oxygen or hydrogen and other elements; Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising only elements other than carbon, oxygen or hydrogen
    • H01M8/227—Dialytic cells or batteries; Reverse electrodialysis cells or batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2455—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with liquid, solid or electrolyte-charged reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0002—Aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0014—Alkaline electrolytes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention is concerned with an apparatus and a method for the production of hydrogen gas. More specifically the present invention is concerned with an apparatus and method employing a cycle of regenerative electro-dialysis.
  • Hydrogen gas is commonly seen as a potential solution to the world’s dependence on fossil fuels. When burned in the presence of oxygen, the subsequent oxidation reaction produces energy (in the form of heat) and water. Therefore, providing hydrogen can be generated in a low / zero carbon manner, it offers a potential alternative to fossil fuels when implemented in e.g. vehicles containing hydrogen fuel cells.
  • Hydrogen is also used in a number of other chemical processes, e.g. for the production of ammonia and methanol.
  • Hydrogen gas can be generated in a number of ways. Many such industrialised methods rely on fossil fuels- for example the steam reforming of natural gas, or partial oxidation of methane. This is clearly not addressing the problem discussed above- such methods inevitably produce carbon-based by products (and ultimately C02).
  • Electrolysis of water also produces hydrogen but requires large amounts of electricity. Electrolysis is somewhat inefficient, and depending on the technique and equipment used offers between 70 and 80% efficiency. Beneficially, such a process (consuming only electricity and water) can be powered from e.g. renewable sources, making it ‘green’. That said, there is room for improvement based on the efficiencies commonly found.
  • RED reverse electrodialysis
  • the technology relies on a difference in salt concentration between two electrolytes.
  • seawater and fresh water are fed through a stack of alternating cation and anion exchange membranes to create a chemical potential difference over each membrane so as to generate a voltage over the stack.
  • this technology can be a useful add-on to a large seawater desalination plant, the stacked arrangement of a plurality of membranes and the need for a continuous supply of electrolytes for a relatively low productive output makes it unsuitable as a standalone energy or hydrogen supply.
  • an apparatus for the production of hydrogen gas having: a first electrodialysis cell, and a second electrodialysis cell, each electrodialysis cell comprising: a first reservoir portion having an inlet, a first (liquid) outlet and a second (gas) outlet; a second reservoir portion having an inlet, a first (liquid) outlet and a second (gas) outlet; an ion exchange membrane separating the first and second reservoir portions; an anode positioned within the first reservoir portion; a cathode positioned within the second reservoir portion; wherein: the first (liquid) outlet from the first reservoir portion of the first cell is in fluid communication with the inlet of the second reservoir portion of the second cell; the first (liquid) outlet from the second reservoir portion of the first cell is in fluid communication with the inlet of the first reservoir portion of the second cell; the first (liquid) outlet from the first reservoir portion of the second cell is in fluid communication with the inlet of the second reservoir portion of the first cell; the first (liquid) outlet from the first reservoir portion of the second cell is in fluid
  • the above arrangement provides a regenerative electrodialysis hydrogen production apparatus that consumes less electricity than most electrolysis-based systems.
  • the arrangement only consumes deionised water. No primary electrolyte charge is consumed.
  • the present invention has been tested and consumes up to 25% less energy than conventional electrolysis modes of hydrogen production per unit volume of hydrogen gas produced.
  • a catalyst is provided in the first and/or second reservoir portion.
  • the anode is a catalytic anode and/or the cathode is a catalytic cathode.
  • a catalyst may be coupled to the anode and/or the cathode.
  • the apparatus may comprise a third electrodialysis cell, wherein the first second and third cells are arranged in series.
  • the apparatus may comprise a third electrodialysis cell, wherein the first second and third cells are arranged in parallel.
  • the electrolyte is an aqueous alkaline hydroxide, more preferably a metal hydroxide, and comprises one or more of the following: calcium hydroxide Ca(OH) 2 ; potassium hydroxide KOH; sodium hydroxide NaOH; rubidium hydroxide RbOH; lithium hydroxide LiOH barium hydroxide Ba(OH)2; and, caesium hydroxide CsOH.
  • a method for the production of hydrogen gas comprising the steps of: providing a first electrodialysis cell having first and second reservoir portions; providing a second electrodialysis cell having first and second reservoir portions; each electrodialysis cell comprising an anode positioned within the first reservoir portion, a cathode positioned within the second reservoir portion and, an ion exchange membrane separating the respective first and second reservoir portions; providing an aqueous alkaline hydroxide electrolyte in the respective first reservoirs; providing water in the respective second reservoirs; applying a potential difference between each respective anode and cathode to thereby: separate the aqueous alkaline electrolyte into positively charged ions and hydroxyl radicals in the first reservoir at the anode; and, separate the water into hydrogen and hydroxyl radials at the cathode; allowing the positively charged ions to pass across the ion exchange membrane to combine with the hydroxyl radicals in the second reservoir to release hydrogen gas via the second (gas
  • the method comprises the step of: providing a catalyst in the first and/or second reservoir portion.
  • the anode is a catalytic anode and/or the cathode is a catalytic cathode.
  • the catalyst is coupled to the anode and/or the cathode.
  • the method comprises the step of: providing a third electrodialysis cell; and, arranging the first second and third cells in series.
  • the method comprises the step of: providing a third electrodialysis cell; and, arranging the first second and third cells in parallel.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of an apparatus according to the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a flow diagram showing the steps of a process according to the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of a four-cell apparatus in a series configuration
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view of a four-cell apparatus in a parallel configuration.
  • the apparatus 100 comprises a first cell 200 and a second cell 300.
  • the cells 200, 300 are almost identical, and as such only the cell 200 will be described in detail here.
  • Features of cell 200 that are also present on cell 300 will be identified by reference numerals 100 greater.
  • the cell 200 comprises a tank 202 enclosing a fluid reservoir 204.
  • the tank 202 contains a semi-permeable membrane 206 dividing the reservoir into a first reservoir portion 208 and a second reservoir portion 210.
  • the membrane 206 is an ion exchange membrane as known in the art. It is configured to be impermeable to gases and liquids, but permits passage of certain ions. For the purposes of the present invention, the membrane needs to permit at least passage of specific positively charged ions as will be discussed below.
  • the tank 202 defines a first reservoir portion inlet 212 and a first reservoir portion outlet 214 in fluid communication with the first reservoir portion 208.
  • the tank 202 defines a second reservoir portion inlet 216 and a second reservoir portion outlet 218 in fluid communication with the second reservoir portion 210.
  • a supply inlet 220 is also provided in fluid communication with the second reservoir portion 210.
  • the first reservoir portion 208 and the second reservoir portion 210 each comprise a respective first reservoir 222 and second reservoir gas outlet 224.
  • a catalytically active anode 226 is positioned within the first reservoir portion 208.
  • a catalytically active cathode 228 is positioned within the second reservoir portion 210.
  • this may be at least partially constructed from one or more of the following non-exhaustive list of materials:
  • this may be at least partially constructed from one or more of the following non-exhaustive list of materials:
  • Cathode or Anode construction may be based on a host material, for example including but not limited to:
  • the cell 300 comprises a tank 302 enclosing a fluid reservoir 304.
  • the tank 302 contains a semi-permeable membrane 306 dividing the reservoir into a first reservoir portion 308 and a second reservoir portion 310.
  • the tank 302 defines a first reservoir portion inlet 312 and a first reservoir portion outlet 314 in fluid communication with the first reservoir portion 308.
  • the tank 302 defines a second reservoir portion inlet 316 and a second reservoir portion outlet 318 in fluid communication with the second reservoir portion 310.
  • a supply inlet 320 is also provided in fluid communication with the second reservoir portion 310.
  • the first reservoir portion 308 and the second reservoir portion 310 each comprise a respective first reservoir 322 and second reservoir gas outlet 324.
  • a catalytically active anode 326 is positioned within the first reservoir portion 308.
  • catalytically active cathode 328 is positioned within the second reservoir portion 310.
  • the anode 326 / cathode 328 may be constructed from the materials mentioned above with respect to the first cell 200.
  • the cells 200, 300 are connected as follows:
  • the second reservoir portion outlet 318 of the cell 300 is connected to the first reservoir portion inlet 212 of the cell 200 via a first conduit 400.
  • the first reservoir portion outlet 314 of the cell 300 is connected to the second reservoir portion inlet 216 of the cell 200 via a second conduit 402.
  • the second reservoir portion outlet 218 of the cell 200 is connected to the first reservoir portion inlet 312 of the cell 300 via a third conduit 404.
  • the first reservoir portion outlet 214 of the cell 200 is connected to the second reservoir portion inlet 316 of the cell 300 via a fourth conduit 406.
  • Each conduit 400, 402, 404, 406 comprises a respective fluid pump 401, 403, 405, 407.
  • the first reservoir 208 of the first cell 200 is filled with an aqueous alkaline hydroxide electrolyte.
  • the electrolyte may be selected from one or more of the following:
  • the second reservoir 210 of the first cell 200 is filled with water (H2O).
  • the first reservoir 308 of the second cell 300 is also filled with the same aqueous alkaline electrolyte as the first cell 200.
  • the second reservoir 310 of the second cell 300 is filled with water (H2O).
  • each cell 200, 300 are connected to respective DC power sources (not shown in Figure 1).
  • Step 500 DC power to the two cells 200, 300 is switched on; Step 502 - At the first cell anode 226, positively charged metal ions (for example Ca 2+ , K + etc.), under the influence of the induced electric charge, are driven through the membrane 206 from the first reservoir 208 to the second reservoir 210.
  • positively charged metal ions for example Ca 2+ , K + etc.
  • Step 504 At the same time, at the anode 226 there is a self-reaction of remaining hydroxyl radicals (OH ) producing water and oxygen:
  • Step 506 - The depleted electrolyte (i.e. H2O) is passed to the second reservoir 310 of the second cell 300 via the fourth conduit 406.
  • Step 508 At the second reservoir 210 of the cell 200, the catalytically active cathode 228 splits the water into hydrogen (H) and hydroxyls (-OH radicals).
  • Step 510 - The surplus of positively charged ions now at the cathode side (after passing through the membrane 206) combines with the released hydroxyl radicals to form an aqueous hydroxide solution.
  • Step 512 - At the same time, hydrogen gas (H2) is formed and released via the second reservoir gas outlet 224.
  • Step 514 - The aqueous hydroxide concentrate passes from the second reservoir 210 to the first reservoir 308 of the second cell 300 via the third conduit 404.
  • Step 516 At the second cell anode 326, positively charged ions, under the influence of the induced electric charge, are driven through the membrane 306 from the first reservoir 308 to the second reservoir 310.
  • Step 518 At the same time, at the anode 326 there is a self-reaction of remaining hydroxyl radicals (OH ) producing water and oxygen:
  • Step 520 - The depleted electrolyte (i.e. H2O) is passed to the second reservoir 210 of the first cell 200 via the second conduit 402.
  • H2O depleted electrolyte
  • Step 522 At the second reservoir 310 of the cell 300, the catalytically active cathode 328 splits the water into hydrogen and hydroxyl radicals (H, OH ).
  • Step 524 The surplus of positively charged ions at the cathode side of the cell (after passing through the membrane 306) combines with the released OH to form an aqueous hydroxide concentrate.
  • Step 526 At the same time hydrogen gas (H2) is formed and released via the second reservoir gas outlet 324.
  • Step 528 - The aqueous hydroxide concentrate passes from the second reservoir 310 to the first reservoir 208 of the first cell 300 via the first conduit 400.
  • the system therefore forms a cycle of regenerative electrodialysis.
  • the apparatus 100 consumes electricity (powering the anode / cathode pairs of each cell, and the pumps) and deionised water, which is continuously fed to each second reservoir 210, 310 via inlets 220, 320.
  • Each cell produces both oxygen gas and hydrogen gas.
  • This embodiment relies on a flow of fluid through the cells and across each anode and cathode.
  • the aqueous hydroxide electrolyte enters cell 200 at inlet 212, passed downwardly across the anode 226 where it is depleted. Water is collected at the other side of the anode (outlet 214).
  • a pH sensor is provided in the first reservoir(s) 208, 308. Once the pH drops to a predetermined level (towards neutral - i.e. pH 7) a controller (not shown) activates the pumps 401, 403, 405, 407 to cycle the fluid between the cells. This would act to “recharge” reservoirs 208, 308 with the cation-rich electrolyte from the cathode sides and increase the pH.
  • the pumps are continuously active.
  • the flow rate through the pumps is selected to keep the pH in each first reservoir 208, 308 above a predetermined level. This can either be sensed and controlled in “real time”, or alternatively the system’s characteristic depletion curve can be measured and used to determine this optimum flow rate.
  • an apparatus 1000 is shown in which four cells 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400 are shown, each having an anode side (A) and cathode side (C).
  • the cells 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400 are the same configuration as the first embodiment.
  • the cells are connected in series.
  • Conduits passing fluid from each anode A to the cathode of the next cell in the system are shown in dashed lines.
  • Conduits passing fluid from each cathode to the anode of the next cell are shown in solid lines.
  • an apparatus 2000 is shown in which four cells 2100, 2200, 2300, 2400 are shown, each having an anode side (A) and cathode side (C).
  • the cells 2100, 2200, 2300, 2400 are the same configuration as the first embodiment.
  • the cells are connected in parallel.
  • Conduits passing fluid from the anodes A to the cathodes are shown in dashed lines.
  • Conduits passing fluid from the cathodes to the anodes are shown in solid lines.
  • the cathode may be a catalytic cathode - i.e. it may be partially or entirely constructed from catalytic material.
  • Electrode materials may comprise any, or a combination of, the following: plated, solid plate, mesh or sintered platinum, palladium, gold, titanium, carbon, graphite, graphene, carbon fibre, zinc, silver, lead, zirconium, tungsten, platinum black, cobalt and iridium. Further electrode materials may be formed from of alloys comprising of two or more of platinum, palladium, gold, titanium, carbon, graphite, graphene, carbon fibre, zinc, silver, lead, cobalt, zirconium, tungsten, platinum black or iridium.
  • Electrode structure may include but not limited to, plated sintered, pressed or enhanced substrates of carbon, graphene, zeolite, carbon fibre, carbon granules, carbon composites or ceramic substrates treated with but not limited to one or more of platinum, palladium, gold, titanium, zink, silver, cobalt, lead, zirconium, tungsten, platinum black or iridium.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)

Abstract

Un appareil d'électrodialyse à recirculation (100) comprend au moins deux cellules (200, 300) réalisant chacune une électrodialyse d'un électrolyte à base d'hydroxyde aqueux, chaque cellule remplissant l'autre.
EP21727196.4A 2020-04-17 2021-04-16 Appareil et procédé de production d'hydrogène gazeux Pending EP4136275A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB2005621.4A GB2589649B (en) 2020-04-17 2020-04-17 Apparatus and method for production of hydrogen gas
PCT/GB2021/050916 WO2021209763A1 (fr) 2020-04-17 2021-04-16 Appareil et procédé de production d'hydrogène gazeux

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4136275A1 true EP4136275A1 (fr) 2023-02-22

Family

ID=70860217

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP21727196.4A Pending EP4136275A1 (fr) 2020-04-17 2021-04-16 Appareil et procédé de production d'hydrogène gazeux

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4136275A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB2589649B (fr)
WO (1) WO2021209763A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN118954715B (zh) * 2024-07-31 2026-01-30 西安热工研究院有限公司 一种电去离子制备溶解氧和溶解氢的装置及方法

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US345580A (en) * 1886-07-13 Feetilizer distributer
DE1213381B (de) * 1962-10-17 1966-03-31 Siemens Ag Verfahren zur reversiblen Gegenstrom-Elektrodialyse
WO2011050473A1 (fr) * 2009-10-30 2011-05-05 Saltworks Technologies Inc. Procédé et système combinés de dessalement de l'eau salée et de production d'électricité
US9546426B2 (en) * 2013-03-07 2017-01-17 The Penn State Research Foundation Methods for hydrogen gas production
JP6184312B2 (ja) * 2013-12-13 2017-08-23 富士フイルム株式会社 人工光合成アレイ
KR101782637B1 (ko) * 2016-03-11 2017-09-28 마이클 호 송 전류가 가시화되어 양적 측정이 가능한 쌍극전극 어셈블리
WO2018079965A1 (fr) * 2016-10-27 2018-05-03 한국에너지기술연구원 Système de production d'énergie hybride et station de charge hybride d'hydrogène-électricité indépendante de l'énergie, qui utilisent un dispositif d'électrodialyse inverse capable de produire efficacement de l'hydrogène-électricité
CN107326387B (zh) * 2017-06-22 2019-05-17 中国科学技术大学 利用盐差能直接产氢的设备及其使用方法
CN109248565B (zh) * 2018-10-17 2020-06-19 倍杰特集团股份有限公司 一种基于双极膜的盐水回收系统

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2589649A (en) 2021-06-09
GB202005621D0 (en) 2020-06-03
GB2589649B (en) 2022-02-23
WO2021209763A1 (fr) 2021-10-21

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