EP4143935B1 - Éclateur de protection contre la foudre - Google Patents

Éclateur de protection contre la foudre

Info

Publication number
EP4143935B1
EP4143935B1 EP21814690.0A EP21814690A EP4143935B1 EP 4143935 B1 EP4143935 B1 EP 4143935B1 EP 21814690 A EP21814690 A EP 21814690A EP 4143935 B1 EP4143935 B1 EP 4143935B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
arc
distance
section
spark gap
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP21814690.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP4143935A1 (fr
EP4143935C0 (fr
Inventor
Bernhard Krauss
Stephan Hierl
Uwe Strangfeld
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dehn SE and Co KG
Original Assignee
Dehn and Soehne GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dehn and Soehne GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Dehn and Soehne GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP4143935A1 publication Critical patent/EP4143935A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4143935C0 publication Critical patent/EP4143935C0/fr
Publication of EP4143935B1 publication Critical patent/EP4143935B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/02—Means for extinguishing arc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
    • H01T4/04—Housings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
    • H01T4/10—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
    • H01T4/10—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel
    • H01T4/14—Arcing horns

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a lightning protection spark gap with mutually diverging electrodes according to the preamble of claim 1, as known from DE 10 2005 015 401 A1 is known.
  • the DE 10 2011 051 738 A1 discloses a lightning protection spark gap with diverging electrodes, whereby the distance between the opposing electrode surfaces is kept narrow in the ignition zone and widens in the running zone.
  • the pulse current load is therefore essentially limited to the ignition zone, while the line follow currents flow along the diverging electrodes in the running zone, and the line follow current arc is split and extinguished in an arcing chamber.
  • the genre-forming DE 10 2005 015 401 A1 discloses a lightning protection spark gap with two mutually diverging electrodes and a spark gap acting between the electrodes, a housing, a sliding aid for the arc acting at the electrode base, and means for magnetically blowing the arc.
  • the mobility of the arc is increased immediately after its ignition by a combination of measures for amplifying the arc-induced magnetic field and staggered gas circulation in the encapsulated arrester.
  • the electrodes have rectangular recesses for gas circulation.
  • the arc should remain in this ignition range during the pulse current phase. If the arc were to enter the arc quenching lamp during the pulse current phase, this would place extreme stress on the spark gap.
  • the mains follow current supplied from the low-voltage grid must be limited and switched off. This can be achieved by using the highest possible arc voltage, which acts as a countervoltage to the mains voltage.
  • the arc should run into the arc extinguishing chamber as quickly as possible after the end of the pulse current phase.
  • the arc root point may "perish" and thus lead to an undesirable thermal overload.
  • Fig. 5a )-d) are schematic views to explain a DE 10 2005 015 401 B4 known lightning protection spark gap.
  • the known lightning protection spark gap comprises a first electrode 3a, which has a first outer side Aa and a first inner side 1a. Furthermore, the lightning protection spark gap comprises a second electrode 3b, which has a second outer side Ab and a second inner side 1b.
  • the first and second electrodes 3a, 3b are arranged in a housing G, the trough-shaped underside of which is shown. The housing cover is not shown.
  • the first and second electrodes 3a, 3b are formed of a conductive material.
  • the material is stainless steel or copper, or an alloy thereof.
  • the first and second electrodes 3a, 3b diverge from each other.
  • an ignition zone Z and an adjoining arc travel zone L are formed between the first inner side 1a of the first electrode 3a and the second inner side of the second electrode 3b.
  • the first electrode 3a and the second electrode 3b are closely spaced, whereas the distance continuously widens in the travel zone L.
  • an arc chamber LK is formed between the first and second electrodes 3a, 3b.
  • a first gas circulation channel K1 is formed between the housing G and the outer side Aa of the first electrode 3a, and a second gas circulation channel K2 is formed between the housing G and the outer side Ab of the second electrode 3b.
  • the first electrode 3a is connected to a first electrical connection contact 1a via a connection area 6a
  • the second electrode 3a is connected to a second electrical connection contact 1b via a connection area 6b.
  • the first and second electrical connection contacts 1a, 1b are led outward through the wall of the housing, so that an electrical connection can be established with an electrical network to be protected from lightning strikes.
  • a ferromagnetic concentrator F1 is additionally provided opposite the running area L.
  • the first electrode 3a has symmetrically opposite first recesses V01
  • the second electrode 3a has symmetrically opposite second recesses V02.
  • the first recesses V01 form a fluidic connection between the first gas circulation channel K1 and the arc chamber LK
  • the second recesses V02 form a fluidic connection between the second gas circulation channel K2 and the arc chamber LK.
  • the lightning energy is converted in a first phase essentially by a pulse current in the ignition area Z, whereas in a second phase in the running area L a line follow current arc driven by a line follow current propagates towards the arc extinguishing chamber 4.
  • the gas flow resulting from the arc formation is guided via the gas outlet channels 45 into the first and second gas circulation channels K1, K2 and is at least partially returned via the first and second recesses V1, V2 into the arc chamber LK to support the arc movement.
  • the recesses V01, V02 are formed in a rectangular trough shape symmetrically with respect to their longitudinal extent in the direction of travel of the arc and have right-angled corners E and E'.
  • This type of recesses V01, V02 produces good results for smaller arcs, but larger arcs often get stuck on the second edge KA of the recesses V01, V02.
  • the present invention provides a lightning protection spark gap according to claim 1.
  • the core of the present invention is an asymmetrical shape of the recesses of the electrode or electrodes in the direction of travel of the arc, wherein a drop from a first cross section to a minimum cross section occurs over a significantly shorter distance than a subsequent increase from the minimum cross section to a second cross section, which preferably corresponds to the first cross section.
  • the present invention thus makes it possible to increase the speed of the arc on the electrodes during the mains follow current and to prevent the arc from getting stuck in the recesses.
  • the first electrode has two first recesses arranged symmetrically opposite one another. This increases the efficiency of gas circulation.
  • At least one second gas circulation channel is formed in the housing, via which a gas flow escaping from the quenching chamber during a lightning strike can be recirculated into the arc chamber via at least one second recess in the travel region of the second electrode; wherein the second recess is formed asymmetrically with respect to a longitudinal extent of the second recess in the travel direction of the arc; wherein the second recess decreases in the travel direction of the arc from a first cross-section of the second electrode to a minimum cross-section of the second electrode over the first path and increases from the minimum cross-section of the second electrode to a second cross-section of the first electrode over a second path; and wherein the first path is shorter than the second path.
  • the efficiency of the gas circulation can thus be further increased.
  • the second electrode also has two second recesses which are arranged symmetrically opposite one another.
  • first cross section and the second cross section are the same.
  • the second path is at least twice as long as the first path. This allows for a particularly uniform discharge of the arc from the recess(es).
  • the first distance is zero.
  • the first path and/or the second path runs over at least one round-arch-like section.
  • the quenching chamber has a plurality of parallel arranged quenching plates, to which gas outlet channels are connected, which open into the first and second gas circulation channels, respectively.
  • Fig. 1a )-d) show schematic views for explaining a lightning protection spark gap according to a first embodiment of the present invention, namely Fig. 1a ) as a perspective representation, Fig. 1b ) as an enlarged section of the first electrode, Fig. 1c ) as a plan view of the inside of the first electrode and Fig. 1d ) as an enlarged detail of the contour of a recess of the first electrode.
  • the lightning protection spark gap according to the first embodiment comprises a first electrode 3a, which has a first outer side Aa and a first inner side 1a. Furthermore, the lightning protection spark gap comprises a second electrode 3b, which has a second outer side Ab and a second inner side 1b.
  • the first and second electrodes 3a, 3b are arranged in a housing G, the trough-shaped underside of which is shown. The housing cover is not shown.
  • the first and second electrodes 3a, 3b are formed of a conductive material.
  • the material is stainless steel or copper, or an alloy thereof.
  • the first and second electrodes 3a, 3b diverge from each other.
  • an ignition zone Z and an adjoining arc travel zone L are formed between the first inner side 1a of the first electrode 3a and the second inner side of the second electrode 3b.
  • the first electrode 3a and the second electrode 3b are closely spaced, whereas the distance continuously widens in the travel zone L.
  • an arc chamber LK is formed between the first and second electrodes 3a, 3b.
  • the arc chamber LK contains an arc quenching chamber 4, which has a plurality of parallel arc quenching plates 40, to which gas outlet channels 45 are located.
  • the arc quenching chamber is laterally surrounded by the end regions 5a, 5b of the first and second electrodes 3a, 3b.
  • the first electrode 3a is connected to a first electrical connection contact 1a via a connection area 6a
  • the second electrode 3a is connected to a second electrical connection contact 1b via a connection area 6b.
  • the first and second electrical connection contacts 1a, 1b extend outward through the wall of the housing, allowing for electrical connection to an electrical network to be protected from lightning strikes.
  • the first and second electrodes 3a, 3b have pins Za, Zb, via which they are anchored in corresponding anchoring holes in the housing G.
  • the first electrode 3a In the running area L adjacent to the ignition area Z, the first electrode 3a has symmetrically opposite first recesses V1, and in the running area L adjacent to the ignition area Z, the second electrode 3a has symmetrically opposite second recesses V2.
  • the first recesses V1 form a fluidic connection between the first gas circulation channel K1 and the arc chamber LK
  • the second recesses V2 form a fluidic connection between the second gas circulation channel K2 and the arc chamber LK.
  • the lightning energy is converted in a first phase essentially by a pulse current in the ignition area Z, whereas in a second phase in the running area L a line follow current arc driven by a line follow current propagates towards the arc extinguishing chamber 4.
  • the recesses V1, V2, shown here at the recess V1 run asymmetrically in the first embodiment with respect to the longitudinal extent of the recesses V1, V2 in the direction of travel of the arc.
  • the cross section of the first electrode 3a narrows from a first cross section Q1 to a minimum cross section QM in the form of a round-arch section R1 and then rises continuously in a linear section L1 up to the cross-section Q2, which here corresponds to the cross-section Q1.
  • a path length 11 of the round-arch section R1 is considerably shorter than a path length 12 of the linear section L1.
  • Fig. 2a ), b) are schematic views for explaining a lightning protection spark gap according to a second embodiment of the present invention, namely Fig. 2a ) as a plan view of the inside of the first electrode and Fig. 2b ) as an enlarged detail of the contour of a recess of the first electrode.
  • a path length l1' of the first linear section L1' is substantially shorter than a path length l2' of the second linear section L2'.
  • the second embodiment is designed like the first embodiment described above.
  • Fig. 3a ), b) are schematic views for explaining a lightning protection spark gap according to a third embodiment of the present invention, namely Fig. 3a ) as a plan view of the inside of the first electrode and Fig. 3b ) as an enlarged detail of the contour of a recess of the first electrode.
  • first and second recesses V1", V2 provided on both sides opposite each other on the first and second electrodes 3a, 3b, as shown in particular in Fig. 3a) and 3b ), similarly promotes the running behavior of the arc in the area of the recesses V1", V2" and can effectively prevent the arc from lingering or getting stuck in the area of the recesses V1", V2".
  • the recesses V1", V2", shown here at the recess V1", run asymmetrically in the third embodiment with respect to the longitudinal extent of the recesses V1", V2" in the direction of travel of the arc.
  • the cross section of the first electrode 3a narrows from a first cross section Q1 to a minimum cross section QM in the form of a rectangular step L1" and then increases continuously in a linear section L2" over a distance l2" up to the cross section Q2, which here corresponds to the cross section Q1.
  • the first distance l1" is practically zero in this embodiment.
  • the third embodiment is designed like the first embodiment described above.
  • first and second recesses V1′′′, V2′′′ provided on both sides opposite each other on the first and second electrodes 3a, 3b, as shown in particular in Fig. 4a) and 4b ), promotes the running behavior of the arc in the area of the recesses V1′′′, V2′′′ and can also effectively prevent the arc from lingering or getting stuck in the area of the recesses V1′′′, V2′′′.
  • the recesses V1′′′, V2′′′, shown here at the recess V1 extend asymmetrically with respect to the longitudinal extent of the recesses V1′′′, V2′′′ in the direction of arc travel.
  • the cross-section of the first electrode 3a narrows from a first cross-section Q1 to a minimum cross-section QM in the form of a first linear section L1′′′ and then increases continuously again in a second linear section L2′′′ to the cross-section Q2, which here corresponds to the cross-section Q1.
  • a path length l1′′′ of the first linear section L1′′′ is substantially shorter than a path length l2′′′ of the second linear section L1′′′.
  • the total path length l1′′′ + l2′′′ of the recesses V1′′′, V3′′′ is shorter.
  • the present invention is not limited to the specific recess geometries shown. Nor is the invention limited to the described electrode geometry, but is in principle applicable to any electrode geometry, provided that they fall within the scope of the patent claims.
  • asymmetrical recesses are provided on both electrodes in a mirror-symmetrical manner on both sides, the invention is not limited thereto, and an asymmetrical recess can also be provided only on one side of one or both electrodes or on both sides of only one of the two electrodes.

Landscapes

  • Spark Plugs (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Éclateur de protection contre la foudre comportant :
    un boîtier (G) ;
    une première électrode (3a) qui comporte un premier côté extérieur (Aa) et un premier côté intérieur (Ia), et une seconde électrode (3b) qui comporte un second côté extérieur (Ab) et un second côté intérieur (Ib), dans lequel la première électrode (3a) et la seconde électrode (3b) divergent l'une de l'autre ;
    dans lequel entre le premier côté intérieur (Ia) de la première électrode divergente (3a) et le second côté intérieur (Ib) de la seconde électrode divergente (3b) sont formées une zone d'allumage (Z) et une zone de propagation (L) pour un arc accolée à celle-ci ;
    dans lequel le boîtier (G) forme une chambre d'arc (LK) agencée entre les première et seconde électrodes (3a, 3b), qui est délimitée par une chambre d'extinction (4) ; et
    dans lequel au moins un premier canal de circulation de gaz (K1) est formé dans le boîtier (G), canal par l'intermédiaire duquel un flux de gaz s'échappant de la chambre d'extinction (4) est susceptible d'être renvoyé dans la chambre d'arc (LK) en cas de coup de foudre par l'intermédiaire d'au moins un premier évidement (V1 ; V1' ; V1" ; V1‴) dans la zone de propagation (L) de la première électrode (3a) ;
    caractérisé en ce que
    le premier évidement (V1 ; V1' ; V1" ; V1‴) est configuré de façon asymétrique par rapport à une extension longitudinale du premier évidement (V1 ; V1' ; V1" ; V1‴) dans la direction de propagation de l'arc ; et
    le premier évidement (V1 ; V1' ; V1" ; V1‴), dans la direction de propagation de l'arc, diminue à partir d'une première section transversale (Q1) de la première électrode (3a) jusqu'à une section transversale minimale (QM) de la première électrode (3a) sur une première distance (11 ; l1' ; l1" ; l1‴) et augmente à partir de la section transversale minimale (QM) de la première électrode (3a) jusqu'à une seconde section transversale (Q2) de la première électrode (3a) sur une seconde distance (12 ; l2' ; 12" ; l2‴) ; et
    la première distance (11 ; 11' ; l1" ; l1"') est plus courte que la seconde distance (12 ; l2' ; l2" ; 12"').
  2. Éclateur de protection contre la foudre selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la première électrode (3a) comporte deux premiers évidements (V1 ; V1' ; V1" ; V1‴) qui sont agencés de façon symétrique l'un en face de l'autre.
  3. Éclateur de protection contre la foudre selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel au moins un second canal de circulation de gaz (K2) est formé dans le boîtier (G), canal par l'intermédiaire duquel un flux de gaz s'échappant de la chambre d'extinction (4) est susceptible d'être renvoyé dans la chambre d'arc (LK) en cas de coup de foudre par l'intermédiaire d'au moins un second évidement (V2 ; V2' ; V2" ; V2"') dans la zone de propagation (L) de la seconde électrode (3b) ; le second évidement (V2 ; V2' ; V2" ; V2"') est configuré de façon asymétrique par rapport à une extension longitudinale du second évidement (V2 ; V2' ; V2" ; V2"') dans la direction de propagation de l'arc ; et le second évidement (V2 ; V2' ; V2" ; V2‴), dans la direction de propagation de l'arc, diminue à partir d'une première section transversale (Q1) de la seconde électrode (3b) jusqu'à une seconde section transversale minimale (QM) de la seconde électrode (3b) sur la première distance (11 ; l1' l1" ; l1‴) et augmente à partir de la section transversale minimale (QM) de la seconde électrode (3b) jusqu'à une seconde section transversale (Q2) de la première électrode (3a) sur une seconde distance (12 ; l2' ; l2" ; 12"') ; et la première distance (11; l1'; 11"; 11"') est plus courte que la seconde distance (12 ; l2' ; l2" ; 12"').
  4. Éclateur de protection contre la foudre selon la revendication 3, dans lequel la seconde électrode (3b) comporte deux seconds évidements (V2 ; V2' ; V2" ; V2"') qui sont agencés de façon symétrique l'un en face de l'autre.
  5. Éclateur de protection contre la foudre selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la première section transversale (Q1) et la seconde section transversale (Q2) sont identiques.
  6. Éclateur de protection contre la foudre selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la seconde distance (12 ; l2' ; l2" ; 12"') est au moins égale au double de la longueur de la première distance (11 ; l1' ; l1" ; 11"').
  7. Éclateur de protection contre la foudre selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la première distance (11 ; l1' ; 11" ; 11"') est nulle.
  8. Éclateur de protection contre la foudre selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la première distance (l1 ; l1' ; l1" ; l1‴) et/ou la seconde distance (12 ; l2' ; l2" ; 12"') s'étend sur au moins une portion incurvée (R1).
  9. Éclateur de protection contre la foudre selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la première distance (l1 ; l1' ; l1" ; l1‴) et/ou la seconde distance (12 ; 12' ; l2" ; 12"') s'étend sur au moins une portion linéaire (L1 ; L1', L2' ; L1", L2" ; L1‴, L2"').
  10. Éclateur de protection contre la foudre selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la chambre d'extinction (4) comporte une pluralité de plaques d'extinction (40) agencées parallèlement, auxquelles des canaux de sortie de gaz (45) sont raccordés, qui débouchent dans le premier ou second canal de circulation de gaz (K1 ; K2).
EP21814690.0A 2020-11-10 2021-11-08 Éclateur de protection contre la foudre Active EP4143935B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102020214136.3A DE102020214136B3 (de) 2020-11-10 2020-11-10 Blitzschutz-Funkenstrecke
PCT/EP2021/080993 WO2022101149A1 (fr) 2020-11-10 2021-11-08 Éclateur de protection contre la foudre

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4143935A1 EP4143935A1 (fr) 2023-03-08
EP4143935C0 EP4143935C0 (fr) 2025-08-27
EP4143935B1 true EP4143935B1 (fr) 2025-08-27

Family

ID=78605421

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP21814690.0A Active EP4143935B1 (fr) 2020-11-10 2021-11-08 Éclateur de protection contre la foudre

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US12218490B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP4143935B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN115516722A (fr)
DE (1) DE102020214136B3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2022101149A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US12418175B2 (en) 2022-09-14 2025-09-16 Ripd Ip Development Ltd Surge protective devices

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE142511C (fr)
FR2770939B1 (fr) 1997-11-12 2000-01-28 Soule Materiel Electr Dispositif eclateur pour la protection de lignes electriques et/ou d'appareils electriques contre des surtensions temporaires
DE102005015401B4 (de) 2005-01-10 2014-03-20 Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg Überspannungsableiter mit zwei divergierenden Elektroden und einer zwischen den Elektroden wirkenden Funkenstrecke
DE102011051738B4 (de) 2010-08-04 2023-05-04 Dehn Se Hörnerfunkenstrecken-Blitzstromableiter mit Deionkammer
DE102011123020B3 (de) 2010-08-04 2016-10-27 Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg Hörnerfunkenstrecke mit Deionkammer
DE102013112400B4 (de) 2012-12-03 2025-02-06 Dehn Se Lichtbogenlöschkammer und Überspannungsableiter mit einer solchen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2022101149A1 (fr) 2022-05-19
US12218490B2 (en) 2025-02-04
EP4143935A1 (fr) 2023-03-08
DE102020214136B3 (de) 2021-12-09
US20240162689A1 (en) 2024-05-16
CN115516722A (zh) 2022-12-23
EP4143935C0 (fr) 2025-08-27

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