EP4144952A1 - Procédé de forage horizontal et système de forage horizontal - Google Patents

Procédé de forage horizontal et système de forage horizontal Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4144952A1
EP4144952A1 EP22194255.0A EP22194255A EP4144952A1 EP 4144952 A1 EP4144952 A1 EP 4144952A1 EP 22194255 A EP22194255 A EP 22194255A EP 4144952 A1 EP4144952 A1 EP 4144952A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drill
borehole
drilling method
binder
dse
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP22194255.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP4144952B1 (fr
Inventor
Werner Marty Jun.
Erik Weirather
Christoph Schlegel
Björn Hofer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ghelma Ag Spezieltiefbau
Marty Bauleistungen Ag
Original Assignee
Ghelma Ag Spezieltiefbau
Marty Bauleistungen Ag
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Application filed by Ghelma Ag Spezieltiefbau, Marty Bauleistungen Ag filed Critical Ghelma Ag Spezieltiefbau
Publication of EP4144952A1 publication Critical patent/EP4144952A1/fr
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Publication of EP4144952B1 publication Critical patent/EP4144952B1/fr
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/28—Enlarging drilled holes, e.g. by counterboring
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/02—Couplings; joints
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04—Directional drilling
    • E21B7/046—Directional drilling horizontal drilling
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/28—Enlarging drilled holes, e.g. by counterboring
    • E21B7/30—Enlarging drilled holes, e.g. by counterboring without earth removal

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a horizontal drilling method according to the preamble of claim 1 and a horizontal drilling system according to the preamble of claim 15.
  • the usual method in civil engineering for creating a borehole for laying underground pipelines with a diameter of up to 1000 mm is the horizontal directional drilling method. Since this method can avoid digging a ditch, it is particularly suitable for crossing under flowing water, roads and highways, etc.
  • the horizontal directional drilling rig uses a drilling head to drill a pilot hole from a starting pit towards the target pit.
  • the drill head is bolted to the drill string, which is screwed together from piece-wise drill rods, which is driven into the ground by the horizontal directional drilling rig and has a certain flexibility.
  • a drill rod diameter that is smaller than that of the drill head leaves an annular space free.
  • a bentonite drilling fluid is pumped through the rods to the drill head where it exits and flushes the drill cuttings through the annulus.
  • the drilling fluid also supports the borehole and seals the wall of the borehole.
  • bentonite it serves to cool the drill head and as a lubricant.
  • the reamer has a larger diameter than the drill head and, when retracted, widens the pilot hole while simultaneously compacting the walls of the hole. Depending on the soil conditions, more drill cuttings are carried out or more are displaced. Attached to the reamer, either another drill string for further expansion steps or finally one or more pipes can be pulled into the borehole.
  • the invention is characterized by the incorporation of at least one jet element (DSE) into the drill string, with which DSE the binding agent introduced in the drill string is injected into the soil surrounding the borehole with a jet grouting method before step 3) or during step 1), thereby round a binder column is formed around the borehole.
  • DSE jet element
  • the method makes it possible to drill horizontal wells in unstable ground, which is not possible with prior art methods. With the known methods, the wellbore becomes unstable in such soils or, in the worst case, collapses. Unstable soils, which are unsuitable for methods of the prior art, but in which a stable borehole can be drilled with the present method, contain, for example, Rhine gravel or coarse gravel without any appreciable proportion of fines.
  • the method makes it possible for a substantially horizontal borehole to be produced even in unstable ground without that the borehole runs the risk of settling. Subsidence on the surface of the ground is therefore avoided in any case. Since the in-situ soil is saturated with the binder column, groundwater cannot wash out and destabilize the soil around the well. If the stability of the ground allows it, at least one DSE can be used between the drill head and the drill string. This means that steps 1) and 2) can be carried out simultaneously.
  • the jet grouting process is a high-pressure injection (HDI) or a low-pressure injection (NDI).
  • HDI high-pressure injection
  • NDI low-pressure injection
  • the grain structure of the existing soil must be cut open. This is done by the jet of the HDI with up to 750 bar. If the soil is such that the drill head can cut through the grain structure, it is possible to use the NDI, with which pressures of only up to 250 bar are used. This means that the right jet grouting method can be selected depending on the soil conditions.
  • the binder is expediently a cement suspension. This suspension penetrates the soil and, together with the cut grain structure, forms a stable binder column around the borehole.
  • a plurality of nozzle jet elements are integrated one behind the other in the drill string and the opening and closing of the nozzles of a DSE is controlled via the first end of the drill string, which is free of the binding agent feed line.
  • An existing drilling system can therefore be supplemented with the special DSE with little effort. These only have to be screwed in between two drill rods.
  • Each existing end of the drill pipe can be used to enable the continuous and uninterrupted production of the binder column. If a DSE fails, for example because a nozzle is clogged, another DSE can be used at any time.
  • a coupling element is provided between the second end of the drill string, at which the binding agent is introduced, and the binding agent supply line from a mixing plant, in which coupling element the drill string can rotate.
  • the coupling element provides the connection between the rigid cement supply line and the rotating drill string.
  • the invention is also preferably characterized in that the drill pipe is moved back and forth and rotated over a distance of at most 7 m while the binding agent is hardening. During the hardening time of the binder column the drill pipe will not stick to the binder and can still be twisted and rotated after the hardening time.
  • cutting blades are provided at the coupling ends of the tubing rods, which remove binder along the entire length of the borehole during the curing time. As a result, the drill pipe is gradually “cut free” and remains mobile at all times.
  • the borehole is widened with a reamer and flushed with bentonite.
  • a reamer and flushed with bentonite. This allows dense and saturated soil, in which no binding agent can be injected from the outset, to be loosened and washed out with bentonite. This allows space to be created for the binding agent in the existing soil.
  • the borehole is expediently checked and cleaned after step 3) or 4).
  • This work step is referred to as a «Cleangang».
  • a product pipe can be prevented from getting stuck when it is being pulled in, or other faults in the borehole can be detected.
  • step 3) or 4 a product pipe is pulled into the borehole by means of the drill rod.
  • the drilling method is used for pipe laying with all the advantages of the horizontal directional drilling method, but also in unstable soils.
  • the borehole is checked and cleaned by pulling a product pipe with a maximum length of 5 m through the borehole. If this sample pipe can be pulled completely through the borehole, it can be assumed that the entire product pipe can also be pulled into the borehole.
  • the test tube can transport contaminants out of the well.
  • a plurality of boreholes are drilled along a tunnel arch, the binder columns of which face each other touch, the soil within the tunnel arch is removed, the tunnel arch is reinforced with anchors penetrating the binder columns and the tunnel arch is lined with shotcrete.
  • a borehole and a binder column are created, a strand is pulled into the borehole, the strand is tensioned and anchored at both ends and the cavity remaining in the borehole is filled with a filling material.
  • Another aspect of the invention relates to a horizontal drilling system for carrying out a horizontal drilling method according to the above description and according to the preamble of claim 14.
  • the invention is also characterized in that between two adjacent drill rods there is at least one DSE with at least one nozzle on its jacket and preferably several interconnected DSE can be arranged, one of the drill rods being used via the first end of the drill string to control the closure or the opening of the nozzles and the other drill rod being used via the second end of the drill string to supply the DSE with binding agent.
  • the existing drill rods can be optimally used for operating the HDI or the NDI.
  • the failure of a DSE can be compensated immediately by starting up another DSE. The time-consuming process of pulling out the drill pipe and replacing the broken DSE with a functional DSE can thus be avoided.
  • cutting wings are formed on the coupling ends of the drill rods, the circumferential circle of which has a larger diameter than the respective coupling end. This allows the drill rods to be cut free while the binder column is curing through constant rotation.
  • the system for supplying binding agent from a mixing plant expediently has a coupling element, through which the binding agent is fed into the second end of the drill string and in which coupling element the drill string is located sealed can rotate.
  • the coupling element allows a connection to be established between the stationary binding agent feed line and the rotating drill pipe.
  • a borehole is shown, which is denoted by the reference numeral 11 as a whole.
  • Borehole 11 is drilled without digging a trench because a horizontal drilling method is used.
  • a pilot bore is made.
  • a drill head 13 is driven into the ground at the tip of a drill rod 15 .
  • the drill string 15 is created by a plurality of drill rods 17 coupled to one another.
  • the facing sides of adjacent drill rods 17 can, for example, be screwed into one another.
  • one drill rod has an external thread 19 and the other drill rod has an internal thread 21.
  • the respective direction of displacement of the drill rod 15 is indicated in the figures with an arrow.
  • a drilling device 23 sets the drill pipe 15 and the drill head 13 in rotation, as a result of which the drill head is driven from a starting pit 25 in the direction of a target pit 27 .
  • the drill rod 15 is successively lengthened by a further drill rod 17 until the drill head 13 reaches the target pit 27 .
  • bentonite is fed into the drill string 15, which cools and lubricates the drill head 13 and flushes the cuttings out of the borehole.
  • the escaping drilling mud is enriched with cuttings and collects in the launch pit, from where it is pumped back to the mixing plant via the recycling plant.
  • a recycling plant 29 discharged drill cuttings are separated from the bentonite mud so that the drilling mud can be reused. This first step in the process is figure 1 shown.
  • the following method step is carried out: After the drill head 13 has reached the target pit, it is dismantled and at least one jet element (DSE) 31 is coupled to the drill rod 15.
  • DSE jet element
  • This arrangement is X in detail figure 10 shown.
  • Each DSE 31 has at least one nozzle 33 and an external thread 19 or an internal thread 21 at its ends.
  • the drill string has a first end 35 and a second end 37.
  • a bonding agent is introduced into the drill string 15 and the DSE 31 via the second end 37.
  • the binder is preferably a cement suspension. Over The nozzles 33 of a DSE 31 mix the binder with the existing soil, as a result of which a binder column 39 hardens around the borehole 11 and the borehole 11 is stabilized.
  • valve 41 is controlled, for example, via a control line, compressed air, a radio signal, mechanically, or a retraction movement.
  • the control line can be implemented in the drill rod assembly 15 via the first end 35 .
  • the valve 41 can receive compressed air when a flap 42 is opened on the drill rod 17 adjoining the DSE 31 .
  • a nozzle 31 has a diameter of 2.5 to 6 mm.
  • the DSE 31 are pulled from the target pit 27 into the launch pit 25 ( figure 2 ).
  • the entire borehole is reinforced with a column of binder 39.
  • the binding agent column 39 therefore reliably prevents the ground and the surface from settling.
  • the ground on which the borehole 11 is located is saturated with the binder and groundwater can no longer penetrate the ground and warp or wash it out.
  • a coupling element 43 is provided, which in detail Y in figure 11 is shown.
  • the binder is provided as a suspension in a mixing plant 45 with cement from a silo 47 and water.
  • the coupling element 43 enables the binding agent to be introduced through the stationary supply line 49 from the mixing plant 45 into the rotating drill pipe 15 by the drill pipe 15 being able to rotate in the coupling element 43 .
  • the jet grouting process can be high pressure injection (HDI) or low pressure injection (NDI).
  • HDI high pressure injection
  • NDI low pressure injection
  • the binder is injected into the existing soil at up to 550 bar. Due to the high pressure, the nozzle jet cuts open the grain structure of the soil and mixes it with the binding agent.
  • HDI can be carried out in a 1, 2 or 3 phase process. The binder can thus be injected alone, or with air or water, or with air and water.
  • the NDI can also be used. With NDI, a maximum pressure of 200 bar is sufficient and this process is correspondingly cheaper.
  • the drill string must remain in the well for up to 24 hours.
  • the drill pipe 15 is continuously rotated and reciprocated linearly by up to 7 m.
  • Cutting wings 51 are formed on the coupling ends 50 of the drill rods 17 (see detail Z shown in figure 12 ). The removal blades 51 can cut the drill rods 17 free from the binding agent as a result of the rotation of the drill rod 15 .
  • the now hardened drill hole can be widened in one or more stages.
  • a reamer 52 is integrated into the drill string 15 and pulled through the borehole 11 . If necessary, this process can be repeated with additional reamers 52 with a larger diameter. This allows boreholes 11 to be created with a borehole diameter of up to 100 cm ( figure 4 ).
  • a control reamer can be pulled through the borehole 11 to check and clean the finished borehole 11 . It is also conceivable to pull a piece of the product pipe 53, which is to be laid later, with a length of, for example, 5 m through the borehole 11. If this piece can be pulled through the borehole, it can be assumed that the product pipe 53 can be pulled into the borehole 11 over the entire length of the latter. In figure 5 1 shows the borehole 11 which is now cleaned and controlled and is ready for the production pipe 53 to be pulled in.
  • the product pipe 53 can be a protective pipe for other pipes, cables or a district heating line. However, it can also be the medium pipe, for example a water or gas line.
  • the cavity 55 between the binder column 39 or the borehole 11 and the product pipe 53 is filled with a filling material 54 filled.
  • the filling material 54 is conveyed into the cavity 55 with a pump 57 .
  • FIG 8 an embodiment of the method is shown, which can be used in safe geological conditions.
  • a bentonite flushing during the drilling of the borehole can be dispensed with and the injection with binding agent after the HDI or NDI can take place during the drilling. This means that 2 work steps can be carried out at the same time, which means that a significant time saving is possible.
  • a plurality of DSE 31 can be coupled directly to the drill head 13 and the drill string 15 can be coupled to the last DSE 31 .
  • the resulting cuttings can be split by the HDI and therefore do not have to be transported out of the borehole.
  • the embodiment according to figure 9 is used when the soil is extremely dense and saturated.
  • a reamer 52 on the drill rod 15 is pulled through the borehole 11 several times and the area 59 around the borehole 11 is flushed several times with bentonite. This creates space in the ground or it is loosened up in order to be able to inject the binding agent into it.
  • FIG. 13 to 15 1 shows an application of the horizontal drilling method described above to create a tunnel 60 : a plurality of boreholes 11 are drilled and columns of binder 39 are created by HDI or NDI to create a tunnel arch 61 .
  • the soil inside the tunnel arch 61 can be removed ( figure 14 ).
  • the binder columns 39 can then be reinforced with anchors 63 .
  • the tunnel arch 61 can be clad with a cladding 65, preferably made of shotcrete.
  • FIG. 16 Another application of the inventive drilling method is in the Figures 16 to 18 shown to perform soil stabilization beneath a building 66: after the borehole 11 and binder column 39 have been made as described above ( figure 16 ), a strand 67 can be pulled into the borehole with the drill rod 15.
  • the strand 67 can be a steel cable with head plates at the ends.
  • the strand 67 is tensioned and anchored at its ends outside of the drilled hole 11 .
  • the remaining cavity in the borehole 11 is filled with a filling material 54 .
  • the subsoil can be stabilized by the strand 67 and the settlement can be stopped.
  • the present horizontal drilling method enables stable boreholes 11 to be made without digging trenches, even if the ground is unstable and therefore the horizontal circulating drilling method cannot be used.
  • the soil is consolidated by a binder column 39 which is produced by injecting a binder into the soil using a jet grouting method.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
  • Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
EP22194255.0A 2021-09-07 2022-09-07 Procédé de forage horizontal et système de forage horizontal Active EP4144952B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH70251/21A CH718952A1 (de) 2021-09-07 2021-09-07 Horizontalbohrverfahren und Horizontalbohrsystem.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4144952A1 true EP4144952A1 (fr) 2023-03-08
EP4144952B1 EP4144952B1 (fr) 2024-11-20

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EP22194255.0A Active EP4144952B1 (fr) 2021-09-07 2022-09-07 Procédé de forage horizontal et système de forage horizontal

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EP (1) EP4144952B1 (fr)
CH (1) CH718952A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116291488A (zh) * 2023-04-04 2023-06-23 湖南大学 基于双机联动的曲线钻进全方位高压旋喷注浆系统及方法

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE29703655U1 (de) 1997-02-28 1997-12-04 Welldone Engineering GmbH, 29355 Beedenbostel Werkzeug für Horizontalbohrungen
US5979574A (en) 1997-05-13 1999-11-09 Ozzie's Pipeline Padder, Inc. Horizontal boring apparatus and method of using the same
US9828805B2 (en) 2013-04-10 2017-11-28 The Charles Machine Works, Inc. Reamer with replaceable cutters
US20180163475A1 (en) 2014-03-06 2018-06-14 Barbco, Inc. Material exhaust connection for horizontal bore

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE29703655U1 (de) 1997-02-28 1997-12-04 Welldone Engineering GmbH, 29355 Beedenbostel Werkzeug für Horizontalbohrungen
US5979574A (en) 1997-05-13 1999-11-09 Ozzie's Pipeline Padder, Inc. Horizontal boring apparatus and method of using the same
US9828805B2 (en) 2013-04-10 2017-11-28 The Charles Machine Works, Inc. Reamer with replaceable cutters
US20180163475A1 (en) 2014-03-06 2018-06-14 Barbco, Inc. Material exhaust connection for horizontal bore

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116291488A (zh) * 2023-04-04 2023-06-23 湖南大学 基于双机联动的曲线钻进全方位高压旋喷注浆系统及方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH718952A1 (de) 2023-03-15
EP4144952B1 (fr) 2024-11-20

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