EP4160628A1 - Verfahren zum recycling von mindestens einem magneten und anlage zur durchführung eines solchen verfahrens - Google Patents

Verfahren zum recycling von mindestens einem magneten und anlage zur durchführung eines solchen verfahrens Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4160628A1
EP4160628A1 EP22198180.6A EP22198180A EP4160628A1 EP 4160628 A1 EP4160628 A1 EP 4160628A1 EP 22198180 A EP22198180 A EP 22198180A EP 4160628 A1 EP4160628 A1 EP 4160628A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
magnet
container
neutralization
magnets
demagnetization
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EP22198180.6A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP4160628B1 (de
EP4160628C0 (de
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David Carmine Raymond Rovere
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F13/00—Apparatus or processes for magnetising or demagnetising
    • H01F13/006—Methods and devices for demagnetising of magnetic bodies, e.g. workpieces, sheet material

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of recycling magnets. More specifically, the invention relates to the recycling of so-called high-power permanent magnets, such as those found in industrial machines.
  • a "high power magnet” a permanent magnet, based on rare earths, whose remanent magnetic field, that is to say in the absence of any magnetic excitation, is of the order of less than 1 T (Tesla).
  • This type of magnet is found in particular in rotating electrical machines, such as motors or generators of wind turbines, in measuring devices and instruments equipped with permanent magnets, for example an MRI device in the medical field, or more generally in any system and equipment requiring a high power electromagnetic field.
  • the magnetism of permanent magnets can degrade over time, for example under the effect of heat: their intrinsic power is reduced and/or they break up and/or they detach from their support. In order to maintain optimum efficiency of the electric machine, it is then necessary to partially or totally remagnetize the magnets, or to replace them. Remagnetization can be done inside or outside the machine. For remagnetization outside the machine or to replace the magnets, they must be extracted from the machine, either using tools specific to the machine, or even by partially or totally dismantling the machine.
  • the magnet extracted from the machine is assembled to a support, or sole, forming a magnetic pole.
  • Other elements can also be assembled to the pole. We then speak of a magnetic block.
  • magnet It is also known to demagnetize a magnet by heating it above its so-called Curie temperature.
  • the magnet heated beyond this temperature loses its magnetic properties, and then becomes non-magnetic on an everyday scale.
  • the magnet is placed in an oven, preferably under a controlled atmosphere.
  • a known advantage is that by heating the magnet in this way, it is then separated from the elements which form the magnetic block.
  • the magnetic block is generally assembled using binders or adhesives of the glue type. By heating, the glue melts and/or evaporates, allowing the magnet to be released.
  • the magnet thus demagnetized can then be recycled as needed, for example by recovering the materials of which it is made.
  • a problem with this type of process is that the stronger the magnet, the greater the risk of interaction with the degaussing equipment.
  • a high-powered magnet it can interact with the walls of the furnace, by sticking to it, or even with the environment of the furnace, the magnet then behaving like a projectile or causing the creation of projectiles at from objects in the oven environment. Operator safety is at stake.
  • the magnets are moreover preferably passed one by one through the oven, with care, making these processes expensive and difficult to implement in an industrial setting.
  • a first object of the invention is to provide a recycling process suitable for high-power magnets, that is to say of the order of 1T and beyond.
  • a second object of the invention is to provide a recycling process suitable for the simultaneous treatment of a plurality of magnets.
  • a third object of the invention is to provide a recycling process allowing almost total demagnetization of the treated magnets.
  • a fourth object of the invention is to provide a recycling process in which the demagnetized magnets obtained are clean.
  • a fifth object of the invention is to provide a recycling process limiting the incorporation of impurities into the material of the magnets.
  • a sixth object of the invention is to provide a recycling process adapted to industrial requirements, in particular in terms of cost and rate.
  • a seventh object of the invention is to provide a recycling process that increases the safety of the people who operate it.
  • the invention relates to a process for recycling at least one magnet in a recycling installation.
  • the method notably comprises a step of demagnetizing the at least one magnet.
  • the method further comprises a step of placing the magnet inside a neutralization container, said neutralization container comprising walls forming a closed receptacle to contain said at least one magnet, the walls being made at least in part of non-magnetic metallic material.
  • the magnet is contained in the neutralization container during at least part of the demagnetization step.
  • the neutralization container thus makes it possible to contain at least one magnet, or a plurality of magnets, during the demagnetization step with increased safety for the equipment and increased safety for the personnel around, even for high-power magnets .
  • the magnet is, during at least part of the demagnetization step, part of a magnetic block comprising elements assembled at least in part by binder to the magnet.
  • the magnetic block can come apart during the degaussing step. The method thus makes it possible not to have to strictly clean a magnet before the demagnetization step. The process is thereby simplified, and the costs reduced.
  • the demagnetization step comprises at least one heating operation to a maximum temperature greater than or equal to the Curie temperature of the at least one magnet to be demagnetized.
  • Demagnetization by heating provides effective demagnetization in addition to, if necessary, simultaneously allow some of the adhesives and other binders of the magnetic block to melt, facilitating or even initiating the dislocation of the magnetic block. The separation of the magnet from the rest of the elements of the magnetic block and the sorting are thereby simplified, and the recovery of the magnet is improved.
  • the demagnetization step comprises at least one operation of cycling by pulse of decreasing electromagnetic fields, in combination or as a variant of demagnetization by heating.
  • the magnet, and if necessary the magnetic block can be reused as such, for example after remagnetization.
  • a step of heating the magnet to a temperature below the Curie temperature of the magnet making it possible to finalize the dislocation of the magnetic block and/or the magnet cleaning.
  • This heating step is particularly useful when the demagnetization step is carried out solely by the operation of cycling by pulse of decreasing electromagnetic fields.
  • a step of cleaning the magnet which may include a dislocation of the magnet, in order to obtain the magnet physically separated from the other elements of the magnetic block, and clean glue, varnish and any other binders or coatings.
  • the value of the magnet is thereby increased.
  • the method is particularly suitable for recycling a plurality of magnets placed together in the neutralization container during the demagnetization step.
  • the step of placing the plurality of magnets can be carried out by pouring bulk, into the neutralization container, the plurality of magnets. No particular organization of the magnets is to be expected, facilitating the loading of the neutralization container, and making it possible to increase the recycling rates.
  • the method may comprise a prior step of collecting at least part of the plurality of magnets in an intermediate collector.
  • the step of placing in the neutralization container can comprise an operation of pouring the contents of the intermediate collector into the neutralization container.
  • a reel can be used at the interface between the intermediate collector and the neutralization vessel to safely dump the magnets. Indeed, by dumping several magnets at the same time, especially when they are of high power, the magnets seek to position themselves relative to each other according to their magnetic field lines, so that they can be ejected. in several directions when passing between the collector and the neutralization container. The reel allows the magnets to be safely guided into the receptacle of the neutralization container.
  • the method may further comprise a preliminary step of collecting and a step of transporting the at least one magnet.
  • the collection step comprises for example the extraction of the at least one magnet from a machine on an operating site of the machine
  • the transport step comprises for example the transport from the operating site of the machine to the recycling facility.
  • the step of placement in the neutralization container is then carried out before the transport step, so that the at least one magnet is contained in the neutralization container during the transport step.
  • the number of manipulations of the magnet is reduced; the magnet being brought to the site already in the neutralization container, ready to undergo the demagnetization step.
  • the non-magnetic material is an austenitic stainless steel, which is easy to find and inexpensive.
  • the at least one magnet is a high-power magnet
  • the neutralization container at least partially neutralizing its dangerous effects on the equipment and on the operating personnel.
  • the invention relates to an installation for recycling at least one magnet for implementing the demagnetization process as presented above, comprising at least one demagnetization station and at least one placement station in a neutralization vessel.
  • Said neutralization container comprises walls forming a closed receptacle for said at least one magnet, the walls being made at least in part of non-magnetic metallic material.
  • the invention relates to the recycling of used magnets, from their collection to their upgrading, which includes in particular the demagnetization of the used magnets. More specifically, but without this being limiting, the invention will find a particular application for the recycling of high-power magnets, that is to say whose remanent magnetic field, also called remanent magnetic induction, is l order of 1 T or more. Even more particularly, the invention applies to high power and permanent magnets, and optionally based on rare earths. These magnets are commonly of the ferromagnetic type, but the invention can be applied to other types of magnets, and for example to antiferromagnetic magnets.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown schematically a part of an installation 1 for recycling at least one magnet according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • Installation 1 comprises a demagnetization station 2, in which one or more magnets D to be recycled are demagnetized.
  • demagnetization we define here the action of reducing the remanent magnetic field and/or the coercive magnetic field of a magnet to a value at which it no longer exerts on its environment and the environment no longer exerts no longer any visible and/or measurable effect at normal scales.
  • the demagnetized magnet then becomes for example paramagnetic.
  • magnetic field designates the remanent magnetic field, or the coercive magnetic field, or both.
  • the demagnetization station 2 comprises for example a demagnetization furnace 3, designed to be able to heat at least one magnet to be recycled to a temperature greater than or equal to its demagnetization temperature.
  • the demagnetization temperature depends on the nature of the magnet to be demagnetized. In the case of a ferromagnetic magnet, this temperature is known as the Curie temperature. For an antiferromagnetic magnet, it is called the Néel temperature. In the remainder of the description, reference will only be made to Curie temperature, it being understood that the description is immediately adaptable to antiferromagnetic magnets.
  • the demagnetization oven 3 is for example a radiant or burner oven.
  • the atmosphere in the oven 3 is controlled.
  • the oven 3 can comprise a closed enclosure 4 , and a system for injecting a gas (not shown) into the enclosure 4.
  • the oven 3 is also equipped with a system 5 making it possible to adjust and control the temperature, as well as possibly the pressure, in the enclosure 4.
  • the demagnetization can thus be done at low pressure, with injection of an inert gas, for example argon, so as to limit the pollution of the magnet during heating especially by the light elements of air (oxygen, carbon and nitrogen).
  • the demagnetization station 2 may comprise a demagnetizer tunnel 6 , generating a maximum magnetic field greater than that of the magnets to be demagnetized. More precisely, it is a demagnetization by cycling by decreasing alternating electromagnetic pulses. Demagnetization according to this technique makes it possible, by avoiding heating the magnet, to preserve its integrity, unlike the passage in the oven 3 which can alter the properties of the materials constituting the magnet and make it unusable as a new magnet. Demagnetization by cycling by alternating electromagnetic pulses is therefore used in particular when the magnet must be reused such as, after remagnetization for example.
  • the demagnetization station 2 can comprise either only the furnace 3, or only the tunnel 6, or both. In the latter case, each magnet D to be demagnetized passes successively through one then through the other.
  • each magnet D to be demagnetized first passes through tunnel 6 then through oven 3.
  • the demagnetization furnace 3 may include burners, the quantity of combustion gas consumed in which to demagnetize a magnet may be reduced by passing through the tunnel 3 beforehand.
  • a magnet is generally part of an assembly, forming a magnetic block, within which elements are assembled to the magnet, and which may include binders or adhesives , such as glue, and/or possibly varnish, resins and silicones, which it is desirable to eliminate for recycling.
  • the tunnel 6 is thus preferably followed by at least one furnace which is not necessarily the demagnetization furnace 3, and which may be a furnace that does not reach the Curie temperature of the magnet to be demagnetized. Passage through an oven thus allows at least the softening, or even the melting, or even the calcination of the adhesives and the like, so as to allow the decomposition of the magnetic block.
  • This decomposition is carried out in the demagnetization furnace 3 at the same time as the demagnetization.
  • the demagnetization station 2 can comprise any device making it possible to reduce or cancel the remanent magnetic field of the magnet.
  • a high power magnet interacts strongly with its environment, in a dangerous way. In particular, it interacts with the equipment of the demagnetization station 2.
  • a strong magnet power can move masses of several hundred kilograms (kg), for example up to 5000 kg. It can thus stick to the walls inside the enclosure 4 of the furnace 3 or inside the tunnel 6, and cause the movement of heavy objects in the environment of the demagnetization installation. It can also behave like a dangerous projectile for the operators who have to handle it.
  • the demagnetization installation 1 comprises, upstream of the demagnetization station 2, a station 7 for placing the magnet in a container 8 for neutralization.
  • the neutralization container 8 is sold under the name “Daimag Box”.
  • Said neutralization container 8 comprises walls 9, 10a, 10b delimiting an interior space which forms a closed receptacle to contain the magnet to be demagnetized. At least one of these walls 9, 10a, 10b comprises a removable closure system, giving or blocking access to the receptacle inside the container 8 for neutralization.
  • the removable closure system is formed by a so-called upper wall 10a, which is articulated with respect to the other walls.
  • the neutralization container 8 then comprises a lower wall 10b opposite the upper wall 10a, forming a bottom.
  • the other walls 9 are called side walls.
  • the neutralization container 8 is intended to rest on the ground, directly or indirectly, via the bottom 10b.
  • the walls 9, 10a, 10b of the container 8 are made at least partly, and preferably entirely, of non-magnetic metallic material.
  • non-magnetic material we designate here any material which is not affected, on measurable scales, by an external magnetic field, and whose remanent and/or coercive magnetic field does not exert any action on its environment, on normal scales.
  • a non-magnetic material can in particular be paramagnetic.
  • the walls 9, 10a, 10b of the container 8 are made of austenitic stainless steel. According to one embodiment, it is 304 stainless steel (AISI designation), readily available.
  • the walls 9, 10a, 10b of the neutralization container 8 may include holes allowing any fumes produced during passage through a furnace of the installation 1 to escape. A rise in pressure inside the neutralization container 8, which could be dangerous, is thus avoided.
  • at least one of the side walls 9 can be provided with at least two series of holes, each series being made near the upper wall 10a or the lower wall 10b.
  • a magnet is thus placed in the neutralization container 8 before it enters the station 2 and is contained there during at least part, and preferably during all, of its passage through the demagnetization station 2. While being contained in the neutralization container 8, the magnetic field of the magnet to be demagnetized remains contained in the neutralization container 8 and does not affect the demagnetizing furnace 3 and/or the tunnel 6 and/or any equipment in the environment of recycling plant 1.
  • the dimensions of the neutralization container 8 can be determined according to the magnet or magnets which are intended to be placed in the receptacle. Indeed, the larger the container 8, the greater the electromagnetic field attenuation effect of the magnet or magnets. It is therefore a question of finding a compromise between the attenuation of the electromagnetic field and the size of the container 8 for neutralization.
  • the installation 1 can be provided to recycle several magnets.
  • the neutralization container 8 can simultaneously contain several magnets.
  • the demagnetization station 2 is set to the strictest condition, so as to allow the demagnetization of all the magnets in the container 8.
  • the magnetic blocks can be prepared, weighed, characterized and sorted, manually or otherwise, into different categories. They can also be partially cleaned of foreign bodies easily detachable from the rest of the blocks at this stage.
  • a category corresponds to a set of magnets that can pass simultaneously through the demagnetization station 2.
  • a temperature corresponding at least to the highest Curie temperature of a category of magnets can be determined.
  • the demagnetization furnace 3 is then adjusted accordingly. It is also possible to determine for each category a maximum magnetic field value allowing the demagnetization of the magnets of the given category, and to adjust the maximum magnetic field in the tunnel 6 accordingly.
  • several neutralization containers 8 each containing one or more magnets to be demagnetized, can be treated simultaneously or consecutively in the demagnetization station 2.
  • the temperature of the demagnetization oven 3 or the magnetic field in the tunnel 6 can be adjusted according to the magnets placed simultaneously or consecutively in the oven 3 or the tunnel 6.
  • the installation 1 can comprise, at a given moment, several containers 8 for neutralization in the process of processing at different stations. Processing rates are thereby increased.
  • the demagnetization station 2 is adjusted without prior characterization of the magnets, by anticipation. More specifically, for demagnetization by passing through the demagnetization furnace 3, the latter is set in a pre-established manner, that is to say, for example, the temperature of the demagnetization furnace 3 is set to a pre-established nominal maximum temperature, higher than the Curie temperatures of the magnets that can be expected to be found, and sufficient to ensure the decomposition of the magnetic blocks.
  • the maximum preset temperature is at least 350° C., and preferably 380° C., and up to 450° C. in particular for the Neodymium-Iron-Boron permanent magnets, optionally covered with an epoxy resin. It is the same for the tunnel 6, which can also be adjusted in a pre-established manner, for example on a pre-established nominal maximum magnetic field.
  • the preset setting makes it possible to avoid having to change the settings of the demagnetization station 2 each time magnets to be demagnetized arrive.
  • the values of the pre-established setting are determined for example empirically, and/or according to a theoretical prediction of the nature of the magnets expected on the installation 1 for recycling.
  • each magnet to be demagnetized can be brought to the site of the recycling installation 1 already contained in the container 8 for neutralization.
  • each magnet is directly, on the site of the machine, placed in the container 8 for neutralization. Magnetic shielding for transport can then be provided.
  • each magnet to be demagnetized can be brought to the placement station 7 in an intermediate collector 11 , which will have been used for example to transport the magnet from the site of the machine from which it is extracted.
  • the collector 11 can be any known type allowing one or more magnets to be transported according to the requirements in force. These are, for example, wooden or cardboard boxes or crates.
  • the placement station 7 can advantageously comprise a device 12 for turning or tilting which makes it possible to empty the contents of the collector 11 into the container 8 for neutralization.
  • the turning or tilting device 12 may comprise a semi-automated system provided with articulated arms, or a motorized roller roller turner, or even a motorized belt with inclined ascent or even a forklift equipped with an apron. rotary equipped with a system of specific clamps.
  • the magnets can be placed in bulk in the collector 11. For example, they are dumped under the effect of gravity and / or a mechanical shock in the container 8 neutralization.
  • the neutralization container 8 as will be explained later, is adapted to receive the discharge of one or more magnets.
  • it can comprise a reinforced bottom making it possible to absorb the shocks caused by the magnets during the dumping.
  • a reel placed at the interface between the collector 11 and the neutralization container 8, and also explained later, can make it possible to guide the magnets in complete safety during their discharge, in order to prevent them from being ejected into n any direction.
  • the neutralization container 8 containing the magnet to be demagnetized thus passes from the placement station 7 to the demagnetization station 2, in which at least one magnet, in the neutralization container 8, is demagnetized.
  • the magnets remain contained in the neutralization container 8 throughout their passage through the demagnetization station 2, that is to say until they leave the demagnetization furnace 3 or the tunnel 6 degaussing.
  • the magnets may be contained in the neutralization container 8 on only part of the demagnetization station 2, for example until the remanent magnetic field passes below a determined threshold, below which it is estimated that the field is no longer dangerous.
  • the receptacle of the container 8 for neutralization can be provided with a support for the magnets, raised relative to the bottom 10b of the container 8 for neutralization.
  • the support is for example provided with perforations, through which waste, such as calcining ash, passes into a recovery space between the bottom 10b and the raised bottom. This is waste resulting for example from the decomposition of the magnetic block and/or from the combustion of elements of the magnetic block. This support can be confused with the reinforced bottom.
  • the magnet at the output of the demagnetization station 2 can then be extracted from the neutralization container 8 in complete safety. It can then be transferred to a cleaning station 13 of the recycling installation 1, in which the magnet is freed from the elements of the magnetic block which would still be attached to it and/or from any impurities, and in particular from their support, from the varnish resins and glues: this is called dislocation of the magnet.
  • the finalization station 13 may comprise a vibrating table 14 , under low pressure, during which the elements of the magnetic block which are still attached to the magnet are physically separated from the magnet. The adhesives of the magnetic block having at least partly melted, this separation and a preliminary physical sorting can be carried out manually.
  • the structural elements (covers, screws, magnetic bases, casing, etc.) other than the magnets (magnetic blocks) are evacuated to dedicated metal and alloy recovery bins, to be sent to so-called conventional recycling channels.
  • the post-processing station 13 may also comprise a washing and drying machine 15 in which, for example, the magnetic blocks or the magnets alone are immersed in an oil bath or oil mist and then cooled.
  • the cleaning, mechanical deconstruction separation operations on the vibrating table and/or in the washing and drying machine are preferably carried out under vacuum, so as to limit the penetration of pollutants into the material of the magnet and the alteration of the magnet surface by oxidation or decarburization.
  • the magnet or magnets can undergo a magnetic control at ambient temperature, thus making it possible to measure the remanent magnetic field and/or the residual coercive magnetic field at the using, for example, a hysteresigraph.
  • the magnet can be analyzed at different places on the installation 1 to characterize its composition.
  • the installation 1 can comprise a laser spectrometer - in line (LIBS type), not requiring the shutdown of the installation and/or the extraction of the magnet from the installation 1, so that the valuation includes the determination of the components of each magnet.
  • LIBS type laser spectrometer - in line
  • a continuous automated or manual conveying system can be provided, facilitating the transport of the neutralization container 8 and the magnets between the stations 2, 7 and 13.
  • conveying between the placement station 7 and the degaussing station 2 does not require any particular precaution, facilitating its implementation.
  • installation 1 can include a conveyor system on which the magnets are placed and conveyed to the various stations.
  • the conveying system can comprise a device of the trolley or sled type on which the magnets, possibly fixed on their support, and motorized rollers ensuring the conveying. The magnets can then be treated in the installation 1 one after the other, continuously.
  • the neutralization container 8 can be used from the magnet collection stage on the site of the corresponding machine. Magnetic shielding is then provided in particular to allow transport.
  • high-powered magnets pose a problem during their transport, because their magnetic field can interfere, for example, with the equipment of the transport vehicle, but also with the equipment of the operators or of any person in the vicinity, and wearing a electronic medical device, such as a pacemaker for example, or metal such as a prosthesis.
  • a electronic medical device such as a pacemaker for example, or metal such as a prosthesis.
  • the container 8 for neutralization is part of a device 100 for transport and treatment making it possible to ensure the safety of the magnets in the environment during their transport to the installation 1 for recycling.
  • the neutralization container 8 comprising the walls 9, 10a , 10b made of non-magnetic material forms a so-called internal container. neutralization so as to surround at least in part and to contain the container 8 of neutralization.
  • the assembly system 102 can be of any type.
  • removable is meant here the property of the assembly system to be removed without destroying the assembly system 102 itself or the outer shell 101 or the container 8 for neutralization.
  • the device 100 for transport and treatment comprises a frame 103 , preferably in the same non-magnetic material as the container 8 for neutralization.
  • the framework 103 comprises for example uprights 104 , which can be square or rectangular section tubes and/or hollow according to the example of the figures 4 to 8 , on which the neutralization container 8 is fixed for example by welding.
  • the container 8 of neutralization can be in the form of a cube or parallelepiped, and the tubes 104 of the frame are arranged substantially along the edges of the container 8 of neutralization.
  • the assembly device 102 is then of the slide type and comprises for example angles 105 , in the shape of an L, fixed to the uprights 104.
  • the neutralization container 8 is rigidly fixed to one face of the uprights 104 of square or rectangular section, and at least one angle iron 105 is fixed on the opposite face.
  • the outer shell 101 then comprises a set of panels 106 which slide over the angles 105, between two uprights 104 of the frame 103, around the container 8 of neutralization.
  • panels 106 are sized to cover posts 104 when device 100 is in the shipping state.
  • the frame 103 is also contained in the outer shell 101 in the transport state.
  • the outer shell 101 can then comprise six substantially rectangular panels 106 each facing a wall 9, 10a, 10b of the neutralization container 8, in order to surround the neutralization container 8 completely.
  • 106 panels can be blocked on the angles 105, for example by bolting or using stainless steel pins, in order to prevent them from slipping during manipulation of the device 100, breaking the shielding.
  • the panels 106 are removed one by one by sliding outside the angles 105.
  • each panel 106 is simply slid between the angles 105 over the uprights 104.
  • the example presented relates to a neutralization container 8 and a shell 101 of substantially parallelepipedic shape, they can take any shape depending on the needs.
  • they may be cylindrical in shape, the neutralization container 8 comprising an upper wall, and a substantially planar and circular lower wall, and a substantially cylindrical side wall.
  • the inner shell 101 may comprise a shape corresponding to that of the neutralization container 8, for example cylindrical in the previous example, but not necessarily.
  • the outer shell 101 can surround the neutralization container 8 only partially.
  • the magnetic field lines escaping from the neutralization container 8 substantially follow the faces of the walls of the container 8, that is to say that they are substantially perpendicular, or slightly inclined with respect to the perpendicularity, to the faces of the container 8.
  • the field lines escaping through the side walls 9 of the neutralization container 8 are likely to act on people and objects located around the container, while the field lines escaping through the upper wall 10a are directed upwards and the field lines escaping through the lower wall 10b are directed towards the ground, where the probability of the presence of people and objects is lower.
  • the outer shell 101 may cover only the side walls 9, or the side walls 9 and the lower wall 10b or the upper wall 10a, or all of the walls 9, 10a, 10b of the container.
  • the choice can be made in particular according to the applications, and/or the robustness and the lightness required.
  • the transition from the transport state to the processing state, and vice versa does not require any tools.
  • a gap E is maintained between the neutralization container 8 and the outer shell 101, the dimension of this gap corresponding to a thickness of the uprights 14 of the frame.
  • the dimension of the gap E can be adjusted according in particular to the power of the magnet or magnets to be contained in the device 100 and to the needs in terms of reduction of the electromagnetic field measured outside the device 100.
  • These layers can be grain-oriented crossed, that is to say that the grains of the layers 107 paramagnetic and 108 diamagnetic are oriented in opposite directions.
  • the grains of the antiferromagnetic layer 109 can be oriented in any way.
  • the magnetic field lines follow the orientation of the grains in each layer, so as to oppose and cancel the magnetic field passing through the walls 9, 10.
  • the magnetic field produced by the magnet(s) in the container 8 for neutralization then remains contained inside the container 8 for neutralization.
  • each panel 106 comprises a superposition of these three layers 107, 108, 109 each in the form of a plate: the plate of the paramagnetic layer 107 is provided to be oriented in the direction of the neutralization container 8 when the device 100 is in the transport state while the plate of the antiferromagnetic layer 109 is oriented opposite, towards the outside of the outer shell 101.
  • the plate of the diamagnetic layer 108 is the intermediate layer, interposed between the two other plates of the layers 107, 109.
  • the paramagnetic layer 107 is made of grain-oriented iron-silicon (FeSi) or iron-cobalt (FeCo) alloy
  • the diamagnetic layer 108 is made of copper (Cu)
  • the antiferromagnetic layer is made of mu -metal.
  • each layer 107, 108, 109 can be determined according to shielding needs.
  • the three plates forming the layers 107, 108, 109 are rigidly held together so as to form a panel 106, for example using clips 110 of the clamp type, and/or by crimping and/or by peripheral welding.
  • the fasteners 110 facilitate the manipulation of the panels 106 each in one piece to pass from the transport state to the processing state and vice versa.
  • the used magnet(s) can be placed in the transport and loading device 100 in several ways.
  • the neutralization container 8 comprises the upper wall 10a which can form a removable closure system, for example in the form of a hatch 111 , and which gives access to the receptacle of the neutralization container 8.
  • the hatch 111 is for example formed of several sections 112 on a wall of the container 8 for neutralization. Each section 112 is pivotally mounted on an upright 104 of the frame 103, for example using a hinge. Each section 112 is mounted on calibrated springs so that each section can pivot inwardly of the receptacle of the container 8 for neutralization under the effect of a determined weight. Outward pivoting is preferably not allowed, preventing the hatch 111 from opening from the inside under the weight of the magnets.
  • a panel 106 of the outer shell 101 can cover the hatch 111 when the device 100 is in the transport state.
  • magnets D in bulk in a container can be loaded into the receptacle of the neutralization container 8 by removing the panel 106 which covers the hatch 111, the hatch 111 then being oriented upwards.
  • the magnets D are then dumped by gravity.
  • the sections 12 pivot under the weight of the magnets D, the latter falling inside the receptacle of the container 8 for neutralization.
  • a reel 113 placed at the interface between the intermediate collector 11 and the neutralization container 8 can guide the fall of the magnets into the device 100 in complete safety.
  • the receptacle inside the neutralization container 8 is adapted to withstand the shock of the spilled magnets D. More specifically, for this purpose, the receptacle of the neutralization container 8 is provided with a reinforced bottom 114 , opposite the hatch 111.
  • the reinforced bottom 114 is formed in such a way as to absorb shocks, avoiding the material forming the walls of the 8 neutralization container from deforming. It comprises for example a raised grating with respect to the bottom of the neutralization container 8, that is to say at a distance from the wall of the neutralization container 8 which faces the hatch 111, and is covered with a mesh.
  • the flexibility of the lattice is determined so as to absorb the shock of the magnets D dumped in bulk during their fall.
  • it may in particular be corrugated.
  • the mesh can also be perforated, so as to allow, as mentioned above, the recovery of waste in a recovery space, under the bottom 114 reinforced.
  • the trellis and/or the grating can be made of a material ferromagnetic, so as to exert a force of attraction on the magnets D in the receptacle of the container 8 of neutralization and limit the movements of the magnets D inside the container 8 of neutralization.
  • a removable closure device can be formed on the lower wall 10b of the 8 neutralization container.
  • the reinforced bottom 114 can be removable, for example by being fixed by slide or by a screw/nut system in the receptacle of the container 8 for neutralization.
  • the reinforced bottom 114 can thus easily be replaced, in particular in the event of wear or breakage due to repeated shocks.
  • the neutralization container 8 may comprise one or even two access doors 115, in addition to or as a variant of the hatch 111.
  • the access doors 115 are located laterally, on one side of the device 100, c that is to say, they give access to one side of the bottom of the container 8 for neutralization and/or of the bottom 114 reinforced. They are hinged in rotation for example by hinges 116 on uprights 104 of the frame 103, and integrated locking latches make it possible to block or authorize their opening.
  • the doors 115 notably facilitate access to the magnets D, for example once these have been treated in the recycling installation 1, and the cleaning of the recovery space. They are covered by a panel 106 of the outer shell 101 when the transport and processing device 100 is in the transport state.
  • the device 100 can comprise members for cooperating with handling machines.
  • the device 100 may further comprise feet 117 fixed to the frame 103, through which the device 100 can rest on the ground.
  • the feet 117 are for example hollow, and dimensioned to allow the forks of a handling machine, for example of the forklift type, to be inserted into the feet and to move the device 100 for transport and treatment.
  • the frame 103 can be provided with eyelets 118 for lifting by slinging. Drains 119 can also be formed, so as to facilitate the stacking and the transport of the devices 100 of treatment and transport.
  • the device 100 for treatment and transport may comprise a system for inserting at least one magnet into the receptacle of the container 8 for neutralization, making it possible to accompany the magnet, in particular when the latter is particularly heavy. to be moved by a single operator.
  • the insertion system thus comprises at least one reclosable entry, arranged laterally and giving access to the interior of the receptacle of the container 8, as well as a guiding device, for example by sliding on rails or rollers.
  • the reclosable entrance can comprise for example the side doors 115 described above.
  • the neutralization container 8 can comprise two openings facing each other, on the side walls 9, so that a magnet can be pulled and/or pushed from the outside. inside the container receptacle 8 for neutralization, by a dedicated traction system.
  • a traction system can comprise means for guiding the magnet, by slide.
  • Such a system also makes it possible to pull several magnets into the receptacle of the neutralization container 8, one after the other, in single file.
  • the traction system facilitates the placement of the magnets in the receptacle of the neutralization container 8, in particular when they are of high mass. A removable closure system for each of the two openings is then provided.
  • the device 100 can comprise an alarm system, comprising for example a light indicator activating under the effect of the magnetic field of the magnet in the neutralization container 8.
  • the shell 101 still comprises panels 106 so as to surround the neutralization container 8, and the assembly system 102 comprises fixed connections 120 , that is to say, intended to remain in place. and to ensure a permanent connection between at least a part of the panels 106.
  • the fixed connections 120 are articulated, for example of the hinge type, and make it possible to obtain an unfolded flat shape corresponding at least in part to the final shape of the outer shell 101 when the device 100 is in the transport state. By folding at least part of the panels 106 towards each other, the outer shell 101 closes at least in part so as to be able to contain the container 8 for neutralization.
  • the assembly system 102 can then further comprise a locking system 121 , making it possible to hold the panels 106 against each other. More precisely, according to the embodiment illustrated in the figure 9 , the panels 106 are substantially rectangular in shape. Four panels 106, called side panels, are each connected to one edge of a fifth panel 106, said upper panel 106 using a connection 120 fixed. In the unfolded planar form, the side and bottom panels 106 are substantially coplanar.
  • the outer shell 101 can be placed on the neutralization container 8 in the manner of a bell: by lifting the panels hinged relative to each other, the shape closes under the effect of the weight of the side panels 106 which pivot 90° under the effect of gravity around the upper panel 106, the side panels 106 coming into contact edge to edge the ones with the others. It can then be placed over the container 8 for neutralization.
  • the side panels 106 are provided with pins 122 abutting against the neutralization container 8, so as to maintain a gap as seen above.
  • the size of the gap can be adjusted as needed by sizing the pins 122 for this purpose.
  • the locking system 109 is then actuated to maintain the side panels 106 in this position.
  • the upper panel 106 may comprise an opening 123 , so as to allow access, for example, to the hatch 111 on the container 8 for neutralization.
  • a sixth panel 106 acting as a cover (on the right on the figure 9 ) can then be attached and optionally fixed in a removable manner in order to cover the opening 123.
  • the outer shell 101 covers the neutralization container 8 and the transport and treatment device 100 is then in the transport state.
  • the locking system 121 is deactivated to release the four side panels 106 around the bottom panel 106.
  • the side panels 106 are then returned to the flat unfolded position with respect to the bottom panel 106 by rotation around the fixed connections 120 of the hinge type.
  • the neutralization container 8 can then be removed, so that the device 100 is in the state of treatment, and can be placed in the installation 1 for recycling.
  • the locking system 121 comprises for example clasps, which cooperate in pairs.
  • the neutralization container 8 may comprise the same arrangements as those described for the first embodiment, and in particular the hatch 111 and/or the side doors 115, accessible by removing the panel 106 acting as a cover. or by at least partially unfolding the other panels 106.
  • the members for cooperation with handling machines comprise for example four openings 124 in the upper panel 106 allowing the insertion of forks of a handling machine, for example of the forklift type to lift the panels 106 and place them over the container 8 like a bell.
  • the forks are inserted between the outer shell 101 and the neutralization container 8, thanks to the gap maintained with the pins 122.
  • the panel 106 acting as a lid can comprise handles, for example attached, is fixed by welding on the panel 106 acting as a cover, in order to facilitate the handling of the device 100 for transport and treatment.
  • the outer shell 101 forming a bell of this second embodiment can be used in combination with the outer shell 101 of the first embodiment comprising the panels 106 mounted by sliding on the angles 105. This combination makes it possible in particular to increase the efficiency of the electromagnetic shielding or to overcome the absence of a sliding panel 106.
  • a used magnet mounted in a machine when a used magnet mounted in a machine must be transported for example to be brought to the recycling installation 1, it is first collected on the site of the machine, then placed in the transport device 100 and processing, which is then put into the transport state.
  • the outer shell 101 provides electromagnetic shielding, reducing or even eliminating any problem of interference between the magnet and the environment, and in particular with equipment of a transport vehicle.
  • the magnet is thus conveyed in complete safety to the site of the installation 1 for recycling.
  • the outer shell 101 is removed, leaving the magnet in the receptacle of the neutralization container 8, which can then be passed directly into the demagnetization station 2. Direct and dangerous manipulations of the magnet are thus reduced. Security is increased.
  • the level of precaution to be taken on the site of the recycling installation 1 is reduced, facilitating recycling and increasing the revaluation of the magnet.
  • the processing and transport device 100 can thus be used from the collection step until the end of the demagnetization step, and in particular the demagnetization heat treatment, then be reused in a closed logistics loop.
  • the materials recovered from the magnets, and in particular the rare earths, can be reintroduced into other processes using different transformation pathways.
  • the reuse of these recycled materials in a circular economy makes it possible to envisage new manufacturing and industrial applications.
  • the transport and treatment device 100 is particularly suited to the implementation of the recycling process in the recycling installation 1, since it makes it possible to limit the dangerous handling of the magnets: a once the magnets have been placed in the device 100, they remain contained therein until their demagnetization in the installation 1 of recycling.
  • the device 100 for transport and treatment can be used independently of the method and of the installation 1 for recycling.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Cores, Coils, And Magnets (AREA)
EP22198180.6A 2021-09-29 2022-09-27 Verfahren zum recycling von mindestens einem magneten und anlage zur durchführung eines solchen verfahrens Active EP4160628B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR2110290A FR3127626B1 (fr) 2021-09-29 2021-09-29 Procédé de recyclage d’au moins un aimant et installation pour la mise en œuvre d’un tel procédé

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4160628A1 true EP4160628A1 (de) 2023-04-05
EP4160628B1 EP4160628B1 (de) 2024-06-05
EP4160628C0 EP4160628C0 (de) 2024-06-05

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EP (1) EP4160628B1 (de)
FR (1) FR3127626B1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4447297A1 (de) * 2023-04-11 2024-10-16 Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy A/S System und verfahren zur verarbeitung von magnetelementen einer windturbinengeneratorkomponente

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH474821A (de) * 1967-02-28 1969-06-30 List Heinrich Gerät zum Entmagnetisieren von Gegenständen wie Kleinteilen, Werkzeugen und dergleichen
US20120137829A1 (en) 2010-12-02 2012-06-07 Ivor Rex Harris Magnet Recycling
JP2012175826A (ja) * 2011-02-22 2012-09-10 Mitsubishi Materials Corp 希土類磁石素材回収システム
US20140366687A1 (en) 2013-06-17 2014-12-18 Miha Zakotnik Magnet Recycling to Create Nd-Fe-B Magnets with Improved or Restored Magnetic Performance
WO2017079183A1 (en) * 2015-11-06 2017-05-11 Ut-Battelle, Llc System and method for the recycling of rare earth magnets

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH474821A (de) * 1967-02-28 1969-06-30 List Heinrich Gerät zum Entmagnetisieren von Gegenständen wie Kleinteilen, Werkzeugen und dergleichen
US20120137829A1 (en) 2010-12-02 2012-06-07 Ivor Rex Harris Magnet Recycling
JP2012175826A (ja) * 2011-02-22 2012-09-10 Mitsubishi Materials Corp 希土類磁石素材回収システム
US20140366687A1 (en) 2013-06-17 2014-12-18 Miha Zakotnik Magnet Recycling to Create Nd-Fe-B Magnets with Improved or Restored Magnetic Performance
WO2017079183A1 (en) * 2015-11-06 2017-05-11 Ut-Battelle, Llc System and method for the recycling of rare earth magnets

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4447297A1 (de) * 2023-04-11 2024-10-16 Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy A/S System und verfahren zur verarbeitung von magnetelementen einer windturbinengeneratorkomponente
WO2024213338A1 (en) * 2023-04-11 2024-10-17 Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy A/S System and method for processing magnet elements of a wind turbine generator component

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR3127626B1 (fr) 2023-09-29
EP4160628B1 (de) 2024-06-05
EP4160628C0 (de) 2024-06-05
FR3127626A1 (fr) 2023-03-31

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