EP4188801A1 - Dispositif de détection de l'intensité de givrage pour un aéronef en vol - Google Patents
Dispositif de détection de l'intensité de givrage pour un aéronef en volInfo
- Publication number
- EP4188801A1 EP4188801A1 EP21762071.5A EP21762071A EP4188801A1 EP 4188801 A1 EP4188801 A1 EP 4188801A1 EP 21762071 A EP21762071 A EP 21762071A EP 4188801 A1 EP4188801 A1 EP 4188801A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- frost
- thickness
- aircraft
- deposited
- calculation means
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 101100063818 Caenorhabditis elegans lig-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100224228 Mus musculus Lig1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004224 protection Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/02—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness
- G01B21/08—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness for measuring thickness
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D15/00—De-icing or preventing icing on exterior surfaces of aircraft
- B64D15/20—Means for detecting icing or initiating de-icing
Definitions
- the present invention relates to aircraft, and relates more particularly to devices for detecting icing conditions for aircraft in flight.
- frost is likely to form beyond the protected areas.
- the heating systems are activated only when the aircraft crosses a zone likely to create frost.
- optical ice detectors have been developed, as described in French patent No. 2,970,946, which are placed on external areas of the aircraft, for example the nose of the aircraft.
- these frost detectors have a capture surface on which the supercooled drops agglomerate while freezing.
- the invention proposes to overcome the aforementioned constraints by proposing a device for detecting an intensity of icing for an aircraft in flight.
- the subject of the invention is therefore, according to a first aspect, a method for detecting an intensity of icing for an aircraft in flight, comprising a measurement of the thickness of the frost deposited on a surface for capturing frost.
- the evolution of the thickness of the frost is determined at determined time intervals and, when the difference in thickness of the frost determined between two time intervals is greater than a threshold value, an alarm signal is generated.
- icing intensity is meant a level of icing defined according to a surface over which extends the frost deposited on the critical areas of the aircraft.
- the intensity of icing is determined according to the diameter of the supercooled drops contained in the cloud crossed by the aircraft.
- a weak icing intensity is representative of the presence of supercooled drops whose diameter is less than or equal to 100 ⁇ m.
- the heating systems are activated and able to protect the critical areas of the aircraft.
- a high intensity of icing is indicative of the presence of supercooled drops whose diameter is greater than 100 pm, which risks damaging the components of the aircraft.
- the average thickness of the frost deposited on the capture surface is calculated as a function of the intensity of icing to be detected and an accretion rate, the time interval corresponding to the ratio between an average thickness of the frost and the accretion rate.
- Detecting the intensity of icing corresponds to identifying the presence of supercooled drops having a diameter greater than 100 ⁇ m.
- the average thickness of the frost thus corresponds to the thickness of frost generally produced by a supercooled drop having a diameter equal to 100 ⁇ m.
- the threshold value is equal to the average thickness of frost deposited by a supercooled drop on the capture surface, the supercooled drop having in this example a diameter greater than or equal to 100 ⁇ m.
- the ice accretion rate is calculated as a function of at least one water concentration of the ice deposited on the capture surface, a speed of the aircraft in flight and a capture coefficient.
- the frost accretion rate is calculated from an evolution slope of the thickness of the frost deposited on the capture surface.
- the average thickness of the frost is calculated as a function of a density of the water, of the frost, the frost collection surface and the volume of a supercooled drop having a diameter greater than or equal to 100 ⁇ m.
- the invention also relates to a device for detecting an intensity of icing for an aircraft in flight, comprising a surface for capturing ice, measuring means suitable for measuring the thickness of the ice deposited on a surface for capturing frosted.
- the device comprises calculation means capable of determining at determined time intervals the evolution of a thickness of the frost and control means capable of generating an alarm signal when a difference in thickness of frost measured between two intervals time is greater than a threshold value.
- the calculation means can be implemented in the form of modules in any calculation unit capable of executing program instructions and exchanging data with other devices.
- calculation means can also be implemented in the form of logic circuits in a partially or entirely hardware manner.
- the calculation means are capable of calculating the average thickness of the frost deposited on the capture surface by depending on the intensity of icing to be detected and the rate of accretion, the time interval being determined by the calculation means and corresponding to the ratio between the average thickness of the frost and the rate of accretion.
- the calculation means are able to determine the accretion rate of the frost as a function of at least the water concentration of the frost deposited on the capture surface, the speed of the aircraft in flight and a coefficient of frost capture.
- the calculation means are capable of determining the rate of accretion of the frost from the slope of evolution of the thickness of the frost deposited on the collection surface.
- the calculation means are able to determine the average thickness of the frost as a function of the density of the water, of the frost, the surface for capturing frost and the volume of a supercooled drop having a diameter greater than or equal to at 100 p.m.
- the invention also relates to an aircraft comprising at least one device for detecting an intensity of icing in flight as defined above.
- Another subject of the invention is a computer program configured to implement, when it is executed by the computer, the method for detecting the intensity of icing as defined above.
- FIG 3B illustrate two flowcharts of a method for detecting the intensity of icing implemented by said device and, [Fig 4A] [Fig 4B] each illustrate a flowchart relating to a method for determining a time interval according to one embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 1 an aircraft 1 comprising so-called critical outer zones which it is necessary to protect against icing, such as the frontal zones 11, the leading edges of the wings 12 and 13 and the engine air intakes 14 and 15.
- the icing of the leading edges of the wings 12 and 13 modifies the profile of the wing and reduces the lift of the aircraft 1.
- a device for detecting an intensity of icing 2 comprising a capture surface on which the frost is intended to accumulate.
- the device 2 is capable of being located at any other place specified by the aircraft manufacturer and allowing the ice to accumulate on its capture surface when the aircraft is in the flight phase.
- the device 2 is configured to measure the thickness of the frost deposited on its capture surface and to detect the presence of supercooled drops with a diameter greater than 100 ⁇ m when the aircraft 1 passes through a cloud.
- the device 2 comprises measurement means 4, calculation means 6 which communicate with the measurement means 4 as well as control means 7 controlling the calculation means 6, as illustrated in figure 2. More specifically, the measuring means 4 are able to measure the thickness of the frost deposited on the capture surface.
- the detection device 2 further comprises storage means 5 intended to memorize the data delivered by the measuring means 4.
- the measuring means 4 comprise a first output terminal b40 coupled to an input terminal b50 means of storage 5.
- the measurement means 4 deliver a signal S45 to the storage means 5 containing the acquired data.
- the storage means 5 further comprise an output terminal b51 coupled to a first input terminal b60 of the calculation means 6 to deliver a signal S56 to them.
- Calculation means 6 also have access to data acquired instantaneously by measuring means 4. More particularly, calculation means 6 comprise a second input terminal b61 coupled to a second output terminal b41 of measuring means 4, which allows the measuring means 4 to deliver a signal S46 containing the data relating to the thickness of the frost. Calculation means 6 are configured to perform calculations using the data from signals S56 and S46.
- the calculation means 6 deliver, via an output terminal b62, a signal S67 to a first input terminal b70 of the control means 7.
- the signal S67 can be under the form of a binary signal.
- the control means 7 activate or not an alarm.
- the alarm can be in the form of information displayed on the instrument panel of the crew of the aircraft 1 so that the latter can manually deflect the aircraft.
- the alarm can also be in the form of data to be transmitted to other modules of the aircraft intended to automatically carry out deviation operations via the autopilot.
- the calculation means 6 are configured to deliver the signal S67 at determined time intervals. To do this, the icing intensity detection device
- a timer 8 having an output terminal b80 coupled to a second input terminal b71 of the control means 7, to deliver the signal S87 to them.
- the signal S87 can be in binary form, the value “1” of which symbolizes the end of the count and the value “0” means that the count is in progress.
- timer 8 is configured to restart counting when it expires.
- This time interval can also be modified by a signal S78 received at an input terminal b81, this signal being delivered by the control means 7 via a second output terminal b73.
- control means 7 deliver the signal S76 at output b72 and supply it to a third input terminal b63 of the calculation means 6.
- the purpose of the signal S76 is to activate the calculation means 6 to that they can receive the signal S46 delivered by the measuring means 4 and the signal S56 coming from the storage means 5 and thus perform said calculations.
- FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate the method for detecting the intensity of icing implemented by the device 3.
- the method for detecting the intensity of icing begins with a step El, during which the measuring means 4 measure the thickness of the frost deposited on their sensing surface.
- the measurement means 4 transmit the data relating to the thickness measured during the previous step, by delivering the signal S45 containing said data to the storage means 5, so that the calculation means 6 can then use them.
- the steps E1 and E2 are thus, in this example, only repeated between each time interval in order to avoid unnecessary energy consumption.
- timer 8 transmits signal S87 at each iteration to control means 7 in step E3.
- control means 7 check whether the signal S87 contains the value "1" or "0".
- step E3 the control means 7 again acquires the signal S87.
- step E5 proceeds in which the control means 7 activate the calculation means 6 by delivering the signal S76 to them.
- step E6 the calculation means 6 recover in step E6, the data of the signal S46 from the measuring means 4 as well as the data of the signal S56 coming from the storage means 5.
- the calculation means 6 thus have data relating to the thicknesses of frost measured between two determined time intervals in order to compare them in step E7 and thus determine the evolution of the thickness of the frost.
- the calculation means 6 compare the evolution of the thickness of the frost with a threshold value which corresponds to a difference in thickness demonstrating the presence of supercooled drops whose diameter is greater than 100 ⁇ m.
- the calculation means 6 deliver to the control means 7 the signal S67 containing the value "1". If not, the control means 7 deliver the signal S67 comprising the value “0”.
- control means 7 check whether signal S67 contains the value “1” or “0”. If it is the value “0”, step E4 is returned to. If it is the value "1", the control means 7 deliver an alarm signal in step E9.
- FIGS. 4A and 4B each illustrate a flow diagram of a method for calculating said time interval which is defined by the following relationship: where e th designates the constant average thickness of the frost deposited by a supercooled drop on the capture surface of the detection device 2, the supercooled drop having in this example a diameter to be discriminated equal to 100 ⁇ m and,
- IARmes the accretion rate of frost, expressed in meters per second.
- the calculation means 6 acquire, in step E10, the average thickness e th as well as the accretion rate of the frost IARmes .
- step El i calculation means 6 determine, according to equation (1), the time interval T sa mp then transmit it to control means 7 in step E12.
- Calculation means 7 then send signal S78 to timer 8 so that its countdown corresponds to the determined time interval.
- the calculation means 6 are further configured to calculate the accretion rate IARmes determined by the following relationship: h C b X LWC X TAS
- IAR my (4) Pi where b denotes the capture coefficient of device 2; h the portion of frost on the capture surface of said device
- TAS the speed of aircraft 1 relative to the air mass in which it is flying, expressed in meters per second.
- the calculation means 6 begin by retrieving from the storage means 5 the data relating to the speed TAS of the aircraft 1, the portion of ice h as well as the capture coefficient b of the device 2 in step E13.
- step E14 the calculation means 6 calculate the accretion rate IAR mes .
- the accretion rate IAR mes calculated by the calculation means 6 will be equal to 4.10 5 m/s.
- the average thickness e th is equal to 0.019 ⁇ m for a drop with a diameter equal to 100 ⁇ m and having a volume equal to 5.24. 10 13 m 3 .
- the average thickness of frost e th which corresponds to the threshold value, is determined only once according to the following relationship:
- V d the volume in cubic meters of a supercooled drop having a diameter to be discriminated equal to 100 pm.
- the time interval between two measurements is thus equal to 476 ps, which means that a drop with a diameter of 200 pm will be detected after 8 measures. In other words, there cannot be a change in ice thickness greater than the threshold value for 7 intervals.
- a drop having a diameter equal to 500 ⁇ m will be detected every 125 measurements.
- the invention is not limited to these embodiments and implementations but encompasses all variants thereof. For example, one can choose to determine an icing intensity corresponding to supercooled drops whose diameter is greater than 200 ⁇ m and adjust the time interval between two measurements accordingly.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices With Unspecified Measuring Means (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
- Testing Or Calibration Of Command Recording Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2008204A FR3113032A1 (fr) | 2020-07-31 | 2020-07-31 | Dispositif de détection de l’intensité de givrage pour un aéronef en vol |
| PCT/FR2021/051426 WO2022023683A1 (fr) | 2020-07-31 | 2021-07-29 | Dispositif de détection de l'intensité de givrage pour un aéronef en vol |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4188801A1 true EP4188801A1 (fr) | 2023-06-07 |
Family
ID=73013710
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21762071.5A Pending EP4188801A1 (fr) | 2020-07-31 | 2021-07-29 | Dispositif de détection de l'intensité de givrage pour un aéronef en vol |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20230304793A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4188801A1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN116133944A (fr) |
| BR (1) | BR112023001443A2 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA3186335A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3113032A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2022023683A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114295532B (zh) * | 2022-03-09 | 2022-06-03 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心低速空气动力研究所 | 一种结冰孔隙率测量装置及测量方法 |
| CN117407634B (zh) * | 2023-10-18 | 2024-05-03 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心计算空气动力研究所 | 一种基于结霜特征曲线的平板结霜厚度快速预测方法 |
Family Cites Families (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2928208C2 (de) * | 1979-07-12 | 1983-10-20 | Apparatebau Gauting Gmbh, 8035 Gauting | Verfahren zur Erkennung einer Vereisungsgefahr sowie Eiswarnsensor zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens |
| US4980673A (en) * | 1987-06-10 | 1990-12-25 | Rosemount Inc. | Ice detector circuit |
| US5500530A (en) * | 1994-10-31 | 1996-03-19 | Spar Aerospace Limited | Electro-optic ice detection |
| FR2882590B1 (fr) * | 2005-02-28 | 2007-05-11 | Airbus France Sas | Sonde pour la mesure de l'epaisseur d'une accretien de givre sur une surface |
| DE102008044738B4 (de) * | 2008-08-28 | 2011-04-21 | Eads Deutschland Gmbh | Sensoranordnung und Detektionsverfahren zur Messung einer Eisschicht |
| US8779945B2 (en) * | 2010-03-17 | 2014-07-15 | Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation | Virtual ice accretion meter display |
| BR112013000293A2 (pt) * | 2010-07-05 | 2016-05-24 | Saab Ab | dispositivo para medição de espessura de gelo |
| US8462354B2 (en) * | 2010-10-12 | 2013-06-11 | Lumen International Inc. | Aircraft icing detector |
| FR2970946B1 (fr) | 2011-01-31 | 2017-04-28 | Intertechnique Sa | Dispositif et procede de detection de givre depose sur une surface d'un avion |
| AT512413B1 (de) * | 2012-03-19 | 2013-08-15 | Michael Moser | Integrierter flexibler Eisdetektor |
| GB2509729B (en) * | 2013-01-11 | 2014-12-17 | Ultra Electronics Ltd | Apparatus and method for detecting water or ice |
| US9242735B1 (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2016-01-26 | The Boeing Company | Detecting inflight icing conditions on aircraft |
| US10160550B1 (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2018-12-25 | United Technologies Corporation | Ice detection and real time ice estimation using innovative sensor data learning approaches |
| CN110606209B (zh) * | 2019-09-10 | 2022-08-16 | 中国商用飞机有限责任公司 | 一种结冰探测器 |
| US11685534B2 (en) * | 2020-08-10 | 2023-06-27 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | System and method for determining the real-time effect of ice accumulation on aircraft surfaces on angle of attack during flight |
| CN114091185B (zh) * | 2022-01-24 | 2022-04-12 | 中国民航大学 | 一种飞机表面积冰演化状态辨识方法及系统 |
| FR3145745A1 (fr) * | 2023-02-09 | 2024-08-16 | Safran Aerosystems | Procédé de commande de moyens de lutte contre le givre dans un aéronef en fonction du taux d’accrétion de givre et système correspondant. |
-
2020
- 2020-07-31 FR FR2008204A patent/FR3113032A1/fr active Pending
-
2021
- 2021-07-29 CA CA3186335A patent/CA3186335A1/fr active Pending
- 2021-07-29 CN CN202180058939.1A patent/CN116133944A/zh active Pending
- 2021-07-29 WO PCT/FR2021/051426 patent/WO2022023683A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2021-07-29 EP EP21762071.5A patent/EP4188801A1/fr active Pending
- 2021-07-29 BR BR112023001443A patent/BR112023001443A2/pt unknown
- 2021-07-29 US US18/007,412 patent/US20230304793A1/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA3186335A1 (fr) | 2022-02-03 |
| WO2022023683A1 (fr) | 2022-02-03 |
| CN116133944A (zh) | 2023-05-16 |
| US20230304793A1 (en) | 2023-09-28 |
| FR3113032A1 (fr) | 2022-02-04 |
| BR112023001443A2 (pt) | 2023-02-14 |
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