EP4205925A1 - Messer, füllmaschine und verfahren zum füllen und verschliessen einer verpackung - Google Patents
Messer, füllmaschine und verfahren zum füllen und verschliessen einer verpackung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP4205925A1 EP4205925A1 EP22213363.9A EP22213363A EP4205925A1 EP 4205925 A1 EP4205925 A1 EP 4205925A1 EP 22213363 A EP22213363 A EP 22213363A EP 4205925 A1 EP4205925 A1 EP 4205925A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cutting
- knife
- notch
- tube
- tooth
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
- B26D7/00—Details of apparatus for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
- B26D7/01—Means for holding or positioning work
- B26D7/02—Means for holding or positioning work with clamping means
- B26D7/025—Means for holding or positioning work with clamping means acting upon planar surfaces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
- B26D1/00—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
- B26D1/0006—Cutting members therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
- B26D3/00—Cutting work characterised by the nature of the cut made; Apparatus therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
- B26D7/00—Details of apparatus for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
- B26D7/26—Means for mounting or adjusting the cutting member; Means for adjusting the stroke of the cutting member
- B26D7/2614—Means for mounting the cutting member
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B51/00—Devices for, or methods of, sealing or securing package folds or closures; Devices for gathering or twisting wrappers, or necks of bags
- B65B51/10—Applying or generating heat or pressure or combinations thereof
- B65B51/14—Applying or generating heat or pressure or combinations thereof by reciprocating or oscillating members
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B61/00—Auxiliary devices, not otherwise provided for, for operating on sheets, blanks, webs, binding material, containers or packages
- B65B61/04—Auxiliary devices, not otherwise provided for, for operating on sheets, blanks, webs, binding material, containers or packages for severing webs, or for separating joined packages
- B65B61/06—Auxiliary devices, not otherwise provided for, for operating on sheets, blanks, webs, binding material, containers or packages for severing webs, or for separating joined packages by cutting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B9/00—Enclosing successive articles, or quantities of material, e.g. liquids or semiliquids, in flat, folded, or tubular webs of flexible sheet material; Subdividing filled flexible tubes to form packages
- B65B9/10—Enclosing successive articles, or quantities of material, in preformed tubular webs, or in webs formed into tubes around filling nozzles, e.g. extruded tubular webs
- B65B9/20—Enclosing successive articles, or quantities of material, in preformed tubular webs, or in webs formed into tubes around filling nozzles, e.g. extruded tubular webs the webs being formed into tubes in situ around the filling nozzles
- B65B9/213—Enclosing successive articles, or quantities of material, in preformed tubular webs, or in webs formed into tubes around filling nozzles, e.g. extruded tubular webs the webs being formed into tubes in situ around the filling nozzles the web having intermittent motion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
- B26D1/00—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
- B26D1/0006—Cutting members therefor
- B26D2001/0053—Cutting members therefor having a special cutting edge section or blade section
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
- B26D1/00—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
- B26D1/0006—Cutting members therefor
- B26D2001/006—Cutting members therefor the cutting blade having a special shape, e.g. a special outline, serrations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D75/00—Packages comprising articles or materials partially or wholly enclosed in strips, sheets, blanks, tubes or webs of flexible sheet material, e.g. in folded wrappers
- B65D75/52—Details
- B65D75/58—Opening or contents-removing devices added or incorporated during package manufacture
- B65D75/5816—Opening or contents-removing devices added or incorporated during package manufacture for tearing a corner or other small portion next to the edge, e.g. a U-shaped portion
Definitions
- the invention relates to packaging technology. More particularly, it is related to a knife for cutting through packaging material, a filling machine comprising such knife and a method for filling and sealing a package.
- Roll-fed packaging machines are well known within the field of packaging, in particular in the field of liquid food packaging.
- a well-known example in the field of liquid food packaging is the filling machines, also referred to as packaging machines, introduced on the market in the 1940's by Tetra Pak ® .
- Tetra Pak ® A3 a reel of carton-based packaging material is received.
- a web of packaging material is unwound from the reel.
- the web After being sterilized, e.g. by using hydrogen peroxide, the web is formed into a tube. While holding the tube vertical it is filled with food product, e.g. milk, via a product filling pipe extending into an interior of the tube from above.
- Knives for providing perforated pattern are also known. By using such knife, a number of packages connected to each other is provided, i.e. a string of packages can be formed. Consumers can thereafter tear off package by package from the string along the perforated patterns between the packages formed by the knife.
- a knife for cutting through a body of packaging material at a transversal sealing area of the body.
- the knife comprises a serrated edge having a number of cutting teeth for cutting through the packaging material such that a first cut surface and a second cut surface of the packaging material are formed, a first and a second blade surface extending from a respective side of the serrated edge, and at least one attachment portion for fixing the knife to a cutting apparatus.
- the serrated cutting edge comprises a notch-cutting tooth arranged to cut out a notch in the first cut surface.
- an advantage with having the notch-cutting tooth such that the notch in the first cut surface can be provided is that the notch facilitates the opening of the package for a consumer. More particularly, the notch provides a starting point for tearing the package open. Having the possibility to form this notch at the same time as two subsequent packages are separated, and not in a separate device, provides for costefficiency. From an environmental standpoint, since the notch can form part of an opening arrangement of a package not involving any plastic material, an advantage with the knife is that this provides for that opening arrangements with low carbon footprints can be achieved.
- the notch-cutting tooth may be, as seen in a cutting direction of the knife, be longer than the cutting teeth.
- the notch-cutting tooth may be at least 25% longer than the than the cutting teeth.
- the notch-cutting tooth may be at least 1 mm longer than the cutting teeth.
- the notch-cutting tooth may comprise a first tooth surface that is flush with the first blade surface and extends, in the cutting direction of the knife, beyond the tip of an adjacent cutting teeth.
- notch-cutting tooth arranged in this way provides for that a distinct notch can be formed in the first cut surface. Further, by having the knife arranged in this way less difference in length between the notch-cutting tooth and the cutting teeth, that is, the other teeth of the serrated edge, is needed to form the notch.
- the notch-cutting tooth may comprise a second tooth surface that is flush with the second blade surface and extends, in the cutting direction of the knife, beyond the tip of an adjacent cutting teeth.
- the first tooth surface that is flush with the first blade surface may extend, in the cutting direction of the knife, at least 1 mm beyond the tip of an adjacent cutting teeth.
- the first tooth surface that is flush with the first blade surface may have a width D3, in a direction that is transverse to the cutting direction of the knife, that is at least 0,4 mm.
- the notch-cutting tooth may comprise a front edge that is slanted relative the cutting direction of the knife by an angle ⁇ within the range of 80°-100°.
- the cutting teeth may be single-beveled, with the bevel located on the same side as the first blade surface.
- the cutting teeth may comprise a respective front edge that is slanted relative the cutting direction of the knife by an angle that is within the range of 25°-65°.
- All cutting teeth may have the same length, or have a respective length that deviates at most 10% from a mean value of the lengths of the cutting teeth.
- the attachment portion may be arranged for fixing the knife to a cutting apparatus with the first blade surface upwards, such that it faces the uppermost cut surface of the first cut surface and a second cut surface of the packaging material.
- a filling machine for filling and sealing packages.
- the filling machine comprises a longitudinal sealing unit arranged to form a tube from a web of packaging material, a product filling pipe arranged to fill food product into the tube, and a cutting and sealing unit, comprising a cutting apparatus, arranged to transversally seal and cut the tube for forming individual packages filled with the food product.
- the cutting and sealing unit comprises a knife according to the first aspect.
- the filling machine may further comprise a tube guiding unit arranged to guide the tube with respect to the knife such that a guiding line of the packaging material is aligned with the notch-cutting tooth of the knife.
- the tube guiding unit may be directed such that the notch, provided during cutting, is aligned with the guiding line provided in the packaging material before cutting, e.g. in a converting factory producing packaging material.
- a method for filling and sealing a package comprises forming the tube from a web of packaging material, filling food product into the tube, and transversally sealing and cutting the tube for forming individual packages filled with the food product.
- the cutting comprises cutting the tube with a knife according to the first aspect.
- the method may further comprise guiding the tube with respect to the knife such that a guiding line of the packaging material is aligned with the notch-cutting tooth of the knife.
- an advantage with having the tube guided with respect to the knife is that the tube may be directed such that the notch, provided during cutting, is aligned with the guiding line provided in the packaging material before cutting, e.g. in a converting factory producing packaging material.
- Fig. 1 illustrates an upper part of a package 100 by way of example.
- the package 100 can be a carton package, that is, a package made of a carton-based packaging material 101.
- the package 100 comprises a top fin 102 and a main body 104 in which food product is held. Even though not illustrated, a bottom fin may be provided in a similar way in an opposite end of the package 100.
- a transversal sealing 106 In the top fin 102 there is a transversal sealing 106.
- the transversal sealing 106 may be achieved in different ways. For instance, by using so-called induction heating, a current may be induced in the packaging material 101 such that plastic layers of the packaging material are melted. By pressing the tube together horizontally, the melted plastic layers of the packaging material 101 can be formed into the transversal sealing 106.
- the package 100 illustrated in Fig. 1 is provided with a notch 108.
- a benefit with having the notch 108 is that this can facilitate the opening of the package 100.
- the notch 108 provides for that a top edge of the top fin 102, also referred to as first cut surface 112, is split in two parts. This is advantageous in that when a consumer is grabbing one part of the top fin 102 with one hand and another part of top fin 102 with the other hand and the two parts are pulled apart, the notch 108 facilitates that the top fin 102 is torn where the notch 108 is located.
- By providing a notch 108 more controlled opening of the package 100 is achieved.
- elderly people or other persons with muscle constraint may be able to open the package 100 without the need for a pair of scissors or other tool.
- a guiding line 110 may be provided as a guide when tearing open the package 100, i.e. tearing the top fin 102 and part of the main body 104.
- the guiding line may be a line that has been printed on the package material, or may be a perforated line, a crease line or a line formed by a plastic material.
- the guiding line 110 is a crease line or semi-perforated line it also acts as a weakening line.
- the weakening line may be provided by a number of perforations placed after one another in a carton layer of the packaging material 101.
- the packaging material 101 may comprise at least an inner plastic layer and an outer plastic layer between which the carton layer is laminated.
- a transversal sealing unit that is, a cutting and sealing unit 809, as illustrated in Fig. 2 and also in Fig. 11 , may be used.
- the transversal sealing unit 809 may be placed downstream a longitudinal sealing unit 804 in which a web of packaging material 101 is folded into a tube and provided with a longitudinal sealing such that the tube is formed.
- the top fin 102 and the bottom fin may be formed at the same time.
- a heat sealing unit 502 e.g. an inductor
- the anvil 504 may be provided with two dollies 506a,b placed vertically apart. Between the two dollies 506a,b, room is provided for a cutting apparatus 500 comprising a knife 200. This knife 200 can be fed through a horizontal channel 510 of the anvil 504 in a cutting direction C through the tube 201 and into a groove 508 provided in the heat sealing unit 502.
- the cutting direction C is the direction that is transverse to the direction L along which an edge of the knife 200 extends.
- the cutting direction C is the direction that is transverse to the direction L along which the serrated edge extends.
- the cutting direction may then also be the direction along which the cutting teeth 211, 214 of the serrated edge extend.
- transversal sealing unit other types of cutting and sealing units 809 may also be used.
- other types of sealing technology may also be used, e.g. ultrasonic sealing.
- the cutting apparatus 500 comprising the knife 200 and a motor for moving this back and forth can be provided as a separate device downstream a transversal sealing device comprising the heat sealing unit 502, the anvil 504 and a motor for moving the two between a closed and an open state.
- Fig. 3 illustrates a perspective view of the knife 200 and the tube 201 in isolation before cutting, that is, before the knife 200 divides the tube 201 in the transversal sealing area 207.
- the knife 200 may be seen as a cutting blade provided with a spine 203, facing away from the tube 201 during cutting, and a serrated edge 210 facing the tube 201 during cutting and extending in a longitudinal extension L perpendicular to the cutting direction C.
- a first blade surface 204 may be facing upwards and a second blade surface 206 may be facing downwards.
- attachment portions 208a,b herein exemplified as holes, may be provided.
- the serrated edge 210 has cutting teeth 211 and to provide for that the notch 108 can formed during the cutting, a notch-cutting tooth 212 is provided. As illustrated in Fig. 3 and more in detail in Fig. 8 , the notch-cutting tooth 212 may be longer, as seen in the cutting direction C, than the cutting teeth 211.
- Fig. 4 illustrates another perspective view of the knife 200 and the tube 201 in isolation, but after the cutting has been made.
- the notch 108 can be formed in the package 100.
- a second cut surface 218, i.e. a bottom edge, is also formed. Even though the packages 100 are formed upside down in the example illustrated, it is also possible to form the packages upright.
- the knife 200 can be mounted securely such that a placement of the notch 108 in the first cut surface 112 can be controlled in detail.
- the attachment portions 208a,b may be arranged such that the knife 200 can only be mounted with the first blade surface 204 facing upwards, thereby reducing the risk that the notch 108 is incorrectly provided in the second cut surface 218, i.e. in the bottom fin of the package 100.
- Fig. 5 illustrates the knife 200 in further detail.
- the notch-cutting tooth 212 can be longer than the cutting teeth 211, 214 of the serrated edge 210.
- the notch-cutting tooth 212 may be at least 25% longer that the cutting teeth 211, 214.
- a difference in length between the notch-cutting tooth 212 and the cutting teeth 211, 214 may be at least 1 mm.
- the knife 200 may be single-beveled.
- the cutting teeth 211, 214 may be single-beveled with a bevel placed on the first blade surface 204.
- the cutting teeth 2111, 214 may be of equal length, that is, all teeth but the notch-cutting tooth 212 of the serrated edge 210 may be of equal length. In case the cutting teeth 211 are not of equal length, they may all differ less than ⁇ 5% in length from a mean length of the cutting teeth 211, 214.
- Fig. 6 illustrates the knife 200 seen from above with the first blade surface 204 facing upwards, that is, in accordance with how the knife is arranged in the transversal sealing unit 500 illustrated in Fig. 2 .
- Fig. 7 illustrates the knife 200 seen from below, showing the second blade surface 206.
- Fig. 8 illustrates the notch-cutting tooth 212 and adjacent cutting teeth 211, 214 in further detail.
- the notch-cutting tooth 212 can comprise as first tooth surface 2121, which forms part of the first blade surface 204, or put differently is flush with the first blade surface 204. Further, the first tooth surface 2121 can be arranged to extend, in the cutting direction C, beyond a tip 2111 of an adjacent cutting tooth 211. The first tooth surface 2121 may extend at least 1 mm beyond the tip 2111 of the adjacent cutting tooth 211.
- the notch-cutting tooth 212 can further comprise a second tooth surface 2122 (see Fig. 7 and Fig. 9 ) that forms part of the second blade surface 206, or put differently is flush the second blade surface 206.
- the cutting tooth 212 may have a length D1, measured from base line BL of the serrated edge 210 to a notch-cutting tooth tip line NL, and the adjacent cutting teeth 211, 214 may have a length D2, measured from the base line BL to an end line EL, i.e. a cutting teeth tip line.
- the length D1 of the cutting tooth 212 may, as illustrated, be greater than the length D2 of the cutting teeth 211, 214. Further, as illustrated, all cutting teeth 211, 214 may have the same length D2.
- first tooth surface 2121 may have a width D3, in a direction L that is transverse to the cutting direction C, that is at least 0,4 mm.
- Fig. 9 illustrates a cross-sectional view along the line A-A illustrated in Fig. 6 .
- a front edge 2123 of the notch-cutting tooth 212 may be without bevel.
- the front edge 2123 may also be provided with a bevel, but less slanted than a bevel of the cutting teeth 211, 214 or a bevel on the second blade surface 206.
- the front edge 2123 may be slanted relative the cutting direction C by an angle ⁇ within the range 80° to 100°.
- Fig. 10 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a cutting tooth that is similar to the cutting teeth 211, 214, seen along the line B-B illustrated in Fig. 6 .
- the cutting tooth may comprise a respective front edge 2113 that is slanted relative the cutting direction C by and angle ⁇ that is within the range of 25°-65°.
- the cutting teeth 211, 214 adjacent the notch-cutting tooth 212 may be slanted in the same way.
- a filling machine 800 is illustrated.
- a web 802 of packaging material 101 can be provided, e.g. the web can be provided from a reel of packaging material.
- the web 802 can be formed into the tube 201 by directing the web 802 and also continuously provide a longitudinal sealing, i.e. attaching the two longitudinal edges of the web together.
- a longitudinal sealing unit 804 By holding the tube 201 vertical it is made possible to fill it with food product 807 via a product filling pipe 806.
- the tube 201 can be directed by a tube guiding unit 808 into the cutting and sealing apparatus 809, illustrated more in detail in Fig. 2 .
- the cutting and sealing apparatus 809 which also may be referred to as transversal sealing unit, may comprise one or several motors 810 arranged for moving the heat sealing unit 502 and the anvil 504 towards each other and away from each other during production of the packages 100.
- the anvil 504 is moved in an anvil direction D-A
- the heat sealing unit 502 is moved in a sealing unit direction D-S, opposite to the anvil direction D-A.
- the packages 100 are produced upside down with the first cut surface 112, in which the notch 108 is proved, facing downwards and the second cut surface 218 facing upwards.
- Fig. 12 is a flowchart illustrating a method 900 for filling and sealing the package 100.
- the tube 201 can be formed from the web of packaging material 101.
- the food product 807 can be filled into the tube 201.
- the packages 100 can be formed by transversally sealing the tube 201 and thereafter cutting the tube 201 into the packages 100. For cutting, the knife 200 described above can be used.
- the tube 201 can be guided with respect to the knife 200 such that the guiding line 110 of the packaging material 101 is aligned with the notch-cutting tooth 112 of the knife 200, thereby providing for that the notch 108 of the first cut surface 112 is aligned with the guiding line 110.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Auxiliary Devices For And Details Of Packaging Control (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21218318 | 2021-12-30 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4205925A1 true EP4205925A1 (de) | 2023-07-05 |
Family
ID=79185445
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22213363.9A Pending EP4205925A1 (de) | 2021-12-30 | 2022-12-14 | Messer, füllmaschine und verfahren zum füllen und verschliessen einer verpackung |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4205925A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN118475444A (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2023126175A1 (de) |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5934048A (en) * | 1997-04-29 | 1999-08-10 | Cryovac, Inc. | Seal assembly for easy open pouch |
| WO2015028198A1 (en) * | 2013-08-28 | 2015-03-05 | Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance S.A. | Device in a filling machine |
| WO2015086209A1 (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2015-06-18 | Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance S.A. | Knife for a filling machine, cutting device comprising said knife and kit of parts comprising said knife |
-
2022
- 2022-12-14 WO PCT/EP2022/085807 patent/WO2023126175A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2022-12-14 EP EP22213363.9A patent/EP4205925A1/de active Pending
- 2022-12-14 CN CN202280086958.XA patent/CN118475444A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5934048A (en) * | 1997-04-29 | 1999-08-10 | Cryovac, Inc. | Seal assembly for easy open pouch |
| WO2015028198A1 (en) * | 2013-08-28 | 2015-03-05 | Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance S.A. | Device in a filling machine |
| WO2015086209A1 (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2015-06-18 | Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance S.A. | Knife for a filling machine, cutting device comprising said knife and kit of parts comprising said knife |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2023126175A1 (en) | 2023-07-06 |
| CN118475444A (zh) | 2024-08-09 |
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