EP4208920A1 - Connexion électrique pour ligne de véhicule automobile - Google Patents
Connexion électrique pour ligne de véhicule automobileInfo
- Publication number
- EP4208920A1 EP4208920A1 EP21743105.5A EP21743105A EP4208920A1 EP 4208920 A1 EP4208920 A1 EP 4208920A1 EP 21743105 A EP21743105 A EP 21743105A EP 4208920 A1 EP4208920 A1 EP 4208920A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- bolt
- sleeve
- opening
- connecting part
- recess
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
- H01R4/02—Soldered or welded connections
- H01R4/023—Soldered or welded connections between cables or wires and terminals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R11/00—Individual connecting elements providing two or more spaced connecting locations for conductive members which are, or may be, thereby interconnected, e.g. end pieces for wires or cables supported by the wire or cable and having means for facilitating electrical connection to some other wire, terminal, or conductive member, blocks of binding posts
- H01R11/11—End pieces or tapping pieces for wires, supported by the wire and for facilitating electrical connection to some other wire, terminal or conductive member
- H01R11/28—End pieces consisting of a ferrule or sleeve
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
- H01R4/02—Soldered or welded connections
- H01R4/021—Soldered or welded connections between two or more cables or wires
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
- H01R4/28—Clamped connections, spring connections
- H01R4/30—Clamped connections, spring connections utilising a screw or nut clamping member
- H01R4/36—Conductive members located under tip of screw
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
- H01R4/70—Insulation of connections
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R11/00—Individual connecting elements providing two or more spaced connecting locations for conductive members which are, or may be, thereby interconnected, e.g. end pieces for wires or cables supported by the wire or cable and having means for facilitating electrical connection to some other wire, terminal, or conductive member, blocks of binding posts
- H01R11/11—End pieces or tapping pieces for wires, supported by the wire and for facilitating electrical connection to some other wire, terminal or conductive member
- H01R11/26—End pieces terminating in a screw clamp, screw or nut
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R2201/00—Connectors or connections adapted for particular applications
- H01R2201/26—Connectors or connections adapted for particular applications for vehicles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
- H01R4/58—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation characterised by the form or material of the contacting members
- H01R4/62—Connections between conductors of different materials; Connections between or with aluminium or steel-core aluminium conductors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R43/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors
- H01R43/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors for soldered or welded connections
- H01R43/0207—Ultrasonic-, H.F.-, cold- or impact welding
Definitions
- the subject relates to an electrical connection, in particular a connection between a connection part and a flat part.
- electrical connection technology in particular in automotive applications, it is common to realize detachable connections between two electrical conductors via a bolt arranged on one of the conductors.
- a bolt is arranged on a flat surface of one of the conductors and is used for screwing to the other conductor.
- a bolt can be arranged on a conductor either as a push-through bolt through a hole in the conductor or as a welded bolt.
- a welding stud is welded onto a flat surface of a conductor, for example by means of friction welding, in particular rotary friction welding.
- the second conductor can then be slipped onto the welded stud and screwed to the first conductor using a nut screwed onto the stud.
- the conductors are pressed against each other by the contact pressure of the nut and an electrically conductive path between the conductors is formed primarily via their immediate contact surface and via the bolt.
- the conductor onto which the bolt is welded is usually a flat part, in particular a flat conductor or an electrical add-on part with a flat surface. Copper conductors are usually used in the field of energy cables. Aluminum conductors are also possible. In order to avoid contact corrosion at the transition between the conductor and the bolt and thus to ensure a long-lasting, stable connection, the bolt is usually made of the same material as the conductor. For aluminum connections, the connection should be opposite
- the object was therefore based on the object of providing an electrical connection which, while maintaining electrical quality, meets increased mechanical requirements. This object is solved by a connection according to claim 1.
- connection comprises at least one connection part.
- a connection part can be formed as a band or sheet metal.
- the connection part is in particular a flat conductor or a flat area of a round conductor.
- a round conductor can be flattened on one end or along its course.
- the flattening can be introduced, for example, by forging, upsetting or the like.
- connection part is not formed from a solid material, in particular a single strand of a conductor, but also from a mesh or fabric or a multi-stranded conductor.
- a flat area can be formed in the mesh, fabric or the strands by appropriate forming processes such as upsetting, pressing, welding or the like.
- a substantially inclusion-free area can be formed on a fabric strip, for example by welding and/or compaction, which can be processed like a solid material, in particular on which a sleeve can be applied.
- the sleeve is materially connected to the connection part.
- the sleeve has a through opening running in its longitudinal direction.
- the sleeve is connected to the connection part in particular in such a way that the longitudinal direction of the sleeve runs transversely to the longitudinal direction of the connection part.
- the longitudinal direction of the sleeve runs parallel to the surface normal of the surface of the connection part on which the sleeve is applied.
- a bolt is provided next to the sleeve for a mechanical connection between the connection part and the further connection part, for example a conductor.
- the bolt is connected to the sleeve and has a bolt shank and a bolt head. While the sleeve is materially connected to the connection part, the bolt can be positively, non-positively and/or materially connected to the
- the outer lateral surface of the bolt shank is in direct contact with the inner lateral surface of the through-opening.
- the bolt can also be driven into the through-opening in such a way that the cross-section of the through-opening changes compared to its original state when the bolt is driven in.
- the bolt plastically deforms the inner lateral surface of the through-opening.
- the sleeve has at its one end a recess, which to
- the recess has an extension in the longitudinal direction into the sleeve, which is preferably greater than the extension of the bolt head in the longitudinal direction of the bolt.
- the sleeve is then materially connected to the connecting part with its end face located at the front end. Due to the recess, the bolt is completely accommodated in the sleeve and the end face lying at the front end can be flat. The level formed by this end face serves as a connection level for the integral connection with the connection part.
- the bolt accommodated in the sleeve in this way serves to absorb a tightening force when the second connection part is jammed between the end face of the sleeve opposite the recess and a nut screwed onto the bolt.
- An electrical path between the connection parts that are then screwed on takes place from the connection part in question via the sleeve to the second connection part clamped to the sleeve.
- the second connection part can be formed in accordance with the above explanations for the first connection part, with a through-opening being provided in the flattening or in the flat area, into which the bolt can be inserted with its bolt shank.
- the bolt together with the sleeve thus forms a fastening means for a second connection part on the first connection part.
- the bolt with its collar-shaped, radially outwardly projecting bolt head is mounted at least partially circumferentially on a circumferential shoulder in the recess of the sleeve.
- the shoulder is formed in the manner of a fold in the recess of the sleeve.
- the bolt head protrudes outwards radially to the longitudinal direction of the bolt, in particular circumferentially.
- the cross section of the bolt head is preferably round, but can also be polygonal, in particular hexagonal or octagonal.
- the cross section of the recess can be adapted to the cross section of the bolt. In this way, in particular in the case of a polygonal bolt head, the bolt in the sleeve can be secured against a torque running around the longitudinal axis. This allows a
- Screwing a connecting part to the sleeve can be simplified via the bolt.
- the recess arranged at the front end of the sleeve preferably completely encloses the through-opening.
- the bolt head can thus be fully inserted into the recess and the bolt head no longer protrudes beyond the front end of the sleeve.
- the shaft end of the bolt shank projects out of the through-opening at an end of the sleeve that is distal to the recess. This protruding end is used to attach a second connection part to the sleeve and therefore the first connection part.
- Bolt shank can have a uniform cross-section along its longitudinal axis or different cross-sections. It is thus possible for the bolt shank to have areas with different radial projections in the area in which it is inserted into the through-opening.
- the passage opening can correspond to this and in particular have a corresponding opening cross section.
- the bolt shank can thus be accommodated in a form-fitting manner in the area of the through-opening.
- a shank end of the bolt has a thread, in particular that the thread up to the
- the bolt can be screwed to a second connection part via this thread.
- the second connection part can be pressed against the end face of the sleeve by means of a nut.
- the bolt shank can be accommodated in the through-opening in a form-fitting manner.
- the bolt is knurled at least in sections.
- the knurled portion has projections and recesses extending longitudinally of the bolt shank.
- the knurled part of the bolt shank is preferably pressed into the through-opening by means of a press fit. In this way, plastic deformation of the inner lateral surface of the through-opening can take place.
- the bolt head is arranged in the longitudinal direction at a distance from the end face in the recess. The result of this is that on the one hand the end face can be welded flat to the connection part and on the other hand the bolt head is not in direct contact with the connection part in the welded state.
- the sleeve is made of a copper material and the bolt is made of a steel material.
- the sleeve is formed from a material that is more ductile than the material of the stud.
- the combination of copper and steel has proven advantageous.
- the pin By being less ductile than the sleeve, the pin also offers greater resistance to shearing of the threads on its threads during tightening than if the pin were formed from the sleeve material.
- the bolt can thus be screwed with a higher tightening torque, in particular a nut screwed onto the thread of the bolt can be tightened with a higher tightening torque than if the bolt were formed from the material of the sleeve.
- the sleeve be friction-welded, in particular completely friction-welded, to the end face lying at the front end with the connection part.
- Rotational friction welding can be used.
- the sleeve can preferably have an area with different radial expansions.
- the outer cross section can be polygonal, so that a friction welding tool with a high torque enables friction welding.
- the sleeve does not have to be held in the friction welding tool by means of contact forces pointing radially inwards, but rather the energy can be applied to the outer surface of the Sleeve are introduced via the form fit between sleeve and friction welding tool.
- connection part with an opening is placed over the bolt shank.
- the connection part has previously also been described as the second connection part.
- the connection part can be formed in accordance with the above description of the first connection part.
- the connection part has a flat area or a flat with the opening.
- the connecting part can be clamped to the sleeve with a nut mounted on the bolt shank.
- the connecting part is clamped to the sleeve via the nut.
- the connecting part is in direct contact with the end of the sleeve distal to the recess. An electrical path between the connection part and the connection part is ensured directly via the sleeve.
- the connecting part, the sleeve and the bolt as well as the connecting part are encapsulated in a common housing, with the connecting part and the connecting part being guided out of the housing in a moisture-tight manner.
- FIG. 2a, b shows views of sleeves according to exemplary embodiments
- FIG. 4 shows a view of a bolt according to an embodiment
- 5a, b plan views of bolt heads according to exemplary embodiments
- Fig. 7a-c the establishment of a connection according to an embodiment.
- connection part 2 is a flat conductor.
- the connection part in all variants presented here can be made of a copper material or an aluminum material.
- connection part 2 has a longitudinal axis 4, a vertical axis 6 and a transverse axis 8.
- the connection part 2 can have one or more flat connection surfaces, which in particular runs parallel to a plane spanned by two of the axes 4-8.
- the connecting part 2 according to FIG. 1b can be shaped as a round conductor.
- a connection area 10 can be provided at a front end or in the course of the conductor.
- the connection area 10 can be formed as a flat area.
- connection area 10 is formed from the round conductor by upsetting or pressing.
- connection part 2 shows a connection part 2 as a stranded conductor, a connection area 10 also being formed at the front end here.
- the strands can be compacted in the connection area 10 and in particular welded or soldered to one another.
- connection area 10 shows a connecting part 2 as a braided band.
- the connection area 10 can be formed in the course of the braided band or at a front end.
- the strands of the braid can be joined together in the connection area 10, in particular can be connected to one another in a materially bonded manner, for example by means of ultrasonic welding or resistance welding.
- the configurations described for the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 1a-d can be combined as desired for different connection parts 2.
- a sleeve is now proposed for connecting a connecting part 2 to a connecting part.
- the 2a shows a sleeve 12.
- the sleeve 12 has a longitudinal axis 14.
- the sleeve 12 has a through-opening 16.
- the through-opening 16 extends from a first front end 18a to a second front end 18b.
- the longitudinal axis 14 extends between the two front ends 18a, b.
- the sleeve 12 has a recess 20.
- the recess 20 is preferably bordered circumferentially by the outer lateral surface of the sleeve 12. In the area of the recess 20, in particular centrally in the recess 20, the through-opening 16 is provided.
- FIG 2b shows the sleeve 12 in a longitudinal section.
- the recess 20 can be seen. It can also be seen that the sleeve 12 surrounds the recess 20 all around.
- the through opening 16 runs from the recess 20 towards the front end 18b.
- the sleeve 12 is preferably made of a copper material or aluminum material.
- the sleeve 12 is made of the same material as the connecting part 2.
- Materials can in particular be alloys, such as brass as a copper alloy.
- the outer lateral surface and the cross section of the recess 20 and the through-opening 16 can be round or angular, in particular circular, elliptical or polygonal in shape.
- 3a-c show various exemplary embodiments of the sleeve in a plan view.
- the outer surface of the sleeve 12 is octagonal.
- the cross section of the recess 20 is adapted to this and is also octagonal.
- the through-opening 16 with a round cross-section is arranged inside the recess 20 .
- 3b shows a further exemplary embodiment in which the outer lateral surface of the sleeve 12 and the recess 20 are round, in particular circular.
- the through-opening 16 within the recess 20, on the other hand, has a hexagonal shape.
- FIG. 3c shows the through opening 16 with a star-shaped cross section.
- the most diverse forms can be combined with one another.
- the bolt 22 has a longitudinal axis 24.
- the bolt 22 has a bolt head 26 and a bolt shank 28.
- the bolt shank 28 extends along the longitudinal axis 24.
- the bolt shank 28 can have a first portion 28a and a second portion 28b.
- the first area 28a is preferably pushed into the passage opening 16 and the second area 28b protrudes beyond the front end 18b.
- the bolt shank 28 can be knurled in the direction of the longitudinal axis 24, whereas the area 28b of the bolt shank 28 can have a thread.
- the cross section of the bolt head 26, as shown in FIGS. 5a and b, can be adapted to a cross section of the recess 20.
- FIG. 5a and b can be adapted to a cross section of the recess 20.
- FIG. 5a shows a bolt head 26 with an octagonal cross section
- FIG. 5b shows a bolt head 26 with a star-shaped cross section.
- the bolt shank 28, in particular in the area 28a can also have a cross section which is not circular.
- FIG. 6a shows a bolt shank 22 in the area 28a, which is oval.
- Figure 6b shows a bolt shank 22 in cross-section in area 28a which is triangular and
- Figure 6c shows a corresponding quadrangular cross-section. The. Through hole 16 and the cross section of the bolt shank 22 in the area
- the knurling in area 28a is such that its maximum diameter is slightly larger than the diameter of the through hole 16 so that when the bolt 22 is pushed into the through hole 16, an interference fit between the bolt 26 in the area 28a and the through hole 16 is formed.
- the knurling can lead to a plastic deformation of the inner lateral surface of the through-opening 16 .
- Figures 7a-c show the making of a physical connection.
- the sleeve 12 is materially connected to the connection part 2 in the region of the front end 18a, in particular welded (FIG. 7b).
- a welding tool can press the sleeve 12 against the connection area 10 by means of friction welding and cause the joining partners to melt due to the rotational energy introduced. Resistance welding can also take place.
- a connecting part 30 which can be shaped in accordance with a connecting part described here or has a different shape therefrom, can be fastened to the bolt 22, in particular screwed.
- the connecting part 30 is in particular a cable, in particular as described in FIGS. 1a-d.
- the connecting part 30 has a through-opening 32. With the through-opening 32, the connecting part 30 is pushed onto the bolt 22, in particular the bolt shank 28 in the region 28b. A nut 34 is then screwed onto the bolt 22 . When screwing in, the nut 34 presses the connecting part 30 against the front end 18b of the sleeve 12.
- the bolt 22 is preferably formed from a harder material than the sleeve 12. This means that the nut 34 can be screwed with a higher tightening torque than if the bolt 22 were formed from the material of the sleeve 12.
- the sleeve 12 is in particular made of a copper material or aluminum material and the bolt 22 is made of a steel material.
- connection between the connecting part 30 and the connecting part 2 is made in particular via the sleeve 12.
- the bolt 22 is preferably used to mechanically fix the connecting part 30 to the sleeve 12, which in turn is in turn materially joined to the connecting part 2 in the area of the front end 18a .
- connection area 12 sleeve 14 longitudinal axis
Landscapes
- Connection Of Plates (AREA)
Abstract
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102020122901.1A DE102020122901B3 (de) | 2020-09-02 | 2020-09-02 | Elektrische Verbindung für Kraftfahrzeugleitung |
| PCT/EP2021/068851 WO2022048813A1 (fr) | 2020-09-02 | 2021-07-07 | Connexion électrique pour ligne de véhicule automobile |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4208920A1 true EP4208920A1 (fr) | 2023-07-12 |
| EP4208920B1 EP4208920B1 (fr) | 2025-11-12 |
Family
ID=76971859
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21743105.5A Active EP4208920B1 (fr) | 2020-09-02 | 2021-07-07 | Connexion électrique pour ligne de véhicule automobile |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4208920B1 (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE102020122901B3 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2022048813A1 (fr) |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10249918A1 (de) * | 2002-07-26 | 2004-02-19 | Franz, Udo, Prof. Dr. | Befestigungselement |
| DE102006050708A1 (de) * | 2006-10-24 | 2008-05-08 | Auto Kabel Managementgesellschaft Mbh | Elektrischer Flachbandleiter |
| WO2009098412A2 (fr) * | 2007-12-21 | 2009-08-13 | Leoni Wiring Systems France | Assemblage comportant une batterie et un conducteur relies par un plot, notamment traversant une cloison |
| DE102013017660A1 (de) * | 2013-10-25 | 2015-04-30 | Auto-Kabel Management Gmbh | Elektrische Anschlusskonsole für KFZ Bordnetzleitung |
| DE102014012489A1 (de) * | 2014-08-27 | 2016-03-03 | Auto-Kabel Management Gmbh | Anschlussteil für Aluminiumleitungen |
-
2020
- 2020-09-02 DE DE102020122901.1A patent/DE102020122901B3/de active Active
-
2021
- 2021-07-07 WO PCT/EP2021/068851 patent/WO2022048813A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2021-07-07 EP EP21743105.5A patent/EP4208920B1/fr active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10249918A1 (de) * | 2002-07-26 | 2004-02-19 | Franz, Udo, Prof. Dr. | Befestigungselement |
| DE102006050708A1 (de) * | 2006-10-24 | 2008-05-08 | Auto Kabel Managementgesellschaft Mbh | Elektrischer Flachbandleiter |
| WO2009098412A2 (fr) * | 2007-12-21 | 2009-08-13 | Leoni Wiring Systems France | Assemblage comportant une batterie et un conducteur relies par un plot, notamment traversant une cloison |
| DE102013017660A1 (de) * | 2013-10-25 | 2015-04-30 | Auto-Kabel Management Gmbh | Elektrische Anschlusskonsole für KFZ Bordnetzleitung |
| DE102014012489A1 (de) * | 2014-08-27 | 2016-03-03 | Auto-Kabel Management Gmbh | Anschlussteil für Aluminiumleitungen |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See also references of WO2022048813A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP4208920B1 (fr) | 2025-11-12 |
| WO2022048813A1 (fr) | 2022-03-10 |
| DE102020122901B3 (de) | 2021-09-30 |
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