EP4233155B1 - Systèmes de balais pour moteur électrique - Google Patents

Systèmes de balais pour moteur électrique

Info

Publication number
EP4233155B1
EP4233155B1 EP21830637.1A EP21830637A EP4233155B1 EP 4233155 B1 EP4233155 B1 EP 4233155B1 EP 21830637 A EP21830637 A EP 21830637A EP 4233155 B1 EP4233155 B1 EP 4233155B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
brush
shaft
carbon
commutator
spring arm
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP21830637.1A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP4233155A1 (fr
Inventor
Christian Saum
Andreas Schweichart
Michael Speth
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Brose Fahrzeugteile SE and Co KG
Original Assignee
Brose Fahrzeugteile SE and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Brose Fahrzeugteile SE and Co KG filed Critical Brose Fahrzeugteile SE and Co KG
Publication of EP4233155A1 publication Critical patent/EP4233155A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4233155B1 publication Critical patent/EP4233155B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R39/00—Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
    • H01R39/02—Details for dynamo electric machines
    • H01R39/38—Brush holders
    • H01R39/381—Brush holders characterised by the application of pressure to brush

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a brush system according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a brush system is known, for example, from DE 103 55 982 A1
  • the invention further relates to an electric motor, hereinafter referred to as a commutator motor, with such a brush system.
  • Motor vehicles typically have a number of adjustment components, such as seat adjustment, an operable lock, window lifts, or an adjustable sunroof, each of which can be moved between different positions by means of a respective electric motor-driven adjustment drive.
  • Each adjustment component is actuated by a gear mechanism, such as a worm gear, driven by a DC electric motor with a rotor-side commutator, a drive-side worm on the motor shaft, and a drive-side worm gear.
  • the gear mechanism is arranged in a gear housing, to which the electric motor (commutator motor) is flanged via its motor housing.
  • Plug contacts are located on one end face of the electric motor and are electrically connected to mating contacts located in the gear housing.
  • the plug contacts are arranged in a brush system of the electric motor, typically made of plastic.
  • an electric motor with a shaft-fixed commutator typically has two or more brushes (carbon brushes) brushing a number of commutator segments, which transfer the electrical current to the windings of a rotor rotating with the motor shaft.
  • the segments generate a current commutation from winding to winding, which, compared to
  • the stator's usually fixed magnetic poles generate a torque on the motor shaft (rotor shaft).
  • the plug contacts are electrically connected (contacted) to the brushes (carbon brushes) via stranded connecting wires.
  • Such a brush referred to below as a carbon brush
  • a carbon brush is typically a cuboid-like, rod-shaped carbon body pressed from carbon powder - possibly together with metal particles.
  • the connecting lead typically in the form of a carbon strand with several individual wires, is pressed into this. Due to the sliding contact with the commutator segments, the respective carbon brush is subject to abrasion during operation of the electric motor. To nevertheless maintain contact between the carbon brush and the commutator, the carbon brush is usually slidably mounted in a quiver-like brush shaft by means of a mechanical spring under the effect of this spring force, so that the carbon brush is automatically adjusted.
  • the spring force can be generated, for example, by a leg spring, compression spring, leaf spring, or roller spring.
  • the respective brush shaft is often arranged on a carrier (brush carrier), for example designed as a brush plate, which together with the respective brush carbon and the necessary electrical contact means as well as any interference suppression elements (coils, chokes, capacitors) forms the so-called brush system.
  • a carrier for example designed as a brush plate, which together with the respective brush carbon and the necessary electrical contact means as well as any interference suppression elements (coils, chokes, capacitors) forms the so-called brush system.
  • the brush carbon equipped with the connecting lead
  • the spring element is mounted.
  • the commutator is then installed as intended, with the constriction holding the connecting lead and thus the brush carbon out of the commutator's joint space.
  • the operative connection with the spring element is established, with the spring force exerted on the brush carbon in the direction of the commutator, and the connecting lead is pushed through the constriction.
  • the invention is based on the object of providing a particularly suitable brush system for a commutator motor, which is advantageously simple and, in particular, reliable to install. Furthermore, a brush system that is as simple and A cost-effective electric or commutator motor with such a brush system can be specified.
  • the brush system according to the invention for a commutator motor i.e., for an electric motor with a commutator, comprises at least one carbon brush, which is made, for example, from pressed carbon dust, and to which a flexible, stranded connecting wire is connected or preferably integrated into the carbon brush.
  • the carbon brush comprises a carbon body and a stranded carbon wire pressed into it, in particular tangentially to the motor axis, as a connecting wire.
  • the carbon brush has a contact surface facing a commutator and a contact surface opposite it.
  • the brush system further comprises a number of brush shafts corresponding to the number of brush carbons, which are also referred to below as brush or carbon quivers.
  • Each brush shaft in which the brush carbon is accommodated and guided, has a longitudinal shaft slot through which the connecting cable is routed.
  • the longitudinal shaft slot is suitably provided in a lateral shaft wall of the brush shaft.
  • the longitudinal shaft slot is expediently formed between two shaft legs of the brush shaft that are axial relative to the motor axis.
  • the brush system also comprises a spring element that exerts a spring force on the brush carbon in the longitudinal direction of the shaft when the brush carbon is in its working position against the mounted commutator.
  • the brush system has a flexible spring arm which rests against the brush carbon and exerts a clamping force on it, in particular in a shaft transverse direction of the brush shaft, in order to hold the brush carbon in its To hold the pre-assembly or parking position within the brush shaft and thus keep it out of the commutator's joining space.
  • the flexible spring arm is provided at a free end of a shaft leg flanking the longitudinal slot of the brush shaft, i.e., delimiting the longitudinal slot.
  • the flexible spring arm is designed to exert the clamping force on the brush carbon in the direction of a lateral shaft wall of the brush shaft opposite the longitudinal slot.
  • the flexible spring arm clamps the brush carbon in the brush shaft reliably but releasably. This clamping effect is particularly effective in a pre-assembly state when the brush carbon has not yet reached or is not intended to reach its intended contact with the commutator, in order to be able to reliably assemble the commutator or brush system without the brush carbon hindering such assembly by colliding with the commutator.
  • the flexible spring arm has, on the free end side of the brush, a contact edge oriented toward the brush carbon.
  • the flexible spring arm suitably has a contact edge running at an acute angle to the shaft longitudinal direction.
  • the flexible spring arm undercuts (engages behind) or overlaps a brush edge formed between a side surface of the brush carbon and its contact surface, in particular a brush edge running axially relative to a motor axis (rotational axis of the commutator).
  • This side surface is expediently the surface of the brush carbon that faces the shaft longitudinal slot.
  • the spring arm presses the carbon brush against the opposite side surface, thus reliably clamping the carbon brush in the desired pre-assembly position in the brush shaft.
  • the aforementioned (acute) angle is suitably between 10° and 30°, preferably between 15° and 20°, and more preferably between 17.5° and 22.5°.
  • the brush system further comprises a spring element that exerts a spring force on the brush carbon in the longitudinal direction of the shaft.
  • the spring element is a leg spring mounted on a support pin located outside the brush shaft.
  • the spring element has a spring leg, which is fixed, in particular, to the brush shaft (outside), and a movable contact leg that rests against the contact surface of the brush carbon.
  • the spring element which is operatively connected to the brush carbon, exerts a spring force on the brush carbon in order to move the brush carbon, which is guided in the brush shaft, toward the commutator. This direction of movement is radial, relative to the rotational axis of the commutator motor.
  • the brush system is mounted in an electric motor, particularly a two- or four-pole one, with a commutator (commutator motor).
  • the brush system expediently comprises at least two brush carbons, which are arranged point-symmetrically to the commutator, particularly on opposite sides of the commutator.
  • the brush system comprises four brush carbons, each offset by 90° from one another.
  • the commutator motor is preferably a component of an adjustment drive of a motor vehicle.
  • the adjustment drive which may be a window lifter, for example, has, for example, a gear driven by the commutator motor, which is operatively connected to an adjustment part, such as a vehicle window.
  • Fig. 1 shows schematically a brush system 1 of or for an electric motor, hereinafter also referred to as a commutator motor ( Fig. 6 ).
  • the brush system 1 comprises an approximately circular ring-shaped brush plate 2, which is arranged concentrically around a commutator 3 of the electric motor, which is rigidly coupled to a motor shaft.
  • the brush system 1 has two brush carbons 4, which are in electrically conductive contact with the commutator 3 during electromotive operation in the manner of sliding contacts.
  • the motor shaft (rotor shaft) and thus the commutator 3 rotate about a common motor or rotation axis R, which is illustrated as a cross.
  • the brush system 1 comprises two brush shafts or quivers 5, which are arranged opposite one another in the exemplary embodiment and are offset radially by 180° with respect to the rotation axis R, in which the brush carbons 4 are radially are guided in a displaceable manner.
  • the brush carbons 4 and the respectively associated brush shaft 5 are arranged in the exemplary embodiment point-symmetrically on the brush plate 2 with respect to the rotation axis R or the commutator 3.
  • the brush system 1 has for each brush carbon 4 a Fig. 1 only schematically indicated associated spring element 6.
  • the brush carbons 4 are used to supply current to the commutator 3, which rotates during operation, and thus to the windings (not shown in detail) of a rotor of the electric motor.
  • the brush carbons 4 each have a connecting line 7, also referred to as a carbon strand, for current transmission on an upper side facing away from the brush plate 2 or - as in the exemplary embodiment - on a brush side.
  • the connecting line 7, which is pressed into the carbon body (not shown in detail) to form the brush carbon 4, in particular tangentially to the rotation axis R, is connected to a control unit ( Fig. 6 ) of the electric motor.
  • the brush carbon 4 rests with its contact surface 4a on the commutator 3 (working position), while the spring element 6 rests on a Fig. 1 unspecified contact surface radially opposite the contact surface 4a ( Fig. 2 ) of the brush carbon 4 in order to press the brush carbon 4 within the associated brush shaft 5 in the brush pressure direction B.
  • FIG. 2 to 4 1 shows a section of the brush system 1 with the brush plate 2 and with a brush shaft 5 with the brush carbon 4 arranged therein.
  • the respective brush shaft 5 is formed onto the brush plate 2 and designed in the manner of a radially extending hollow cylinder with a rectangular cross-section for the essentially form-fitting reception of the brush carbon 4, which is guided in the brush shaft 5.
  • the approximately cuboid-shaped brush carbon 4 is arranged within the brush shaft 5.
  • the radially inner contact surface 4a of the brush carbon 4 is rounded to complement the outer contour of the commutator 3.
  • a spring or contact leg 6a of the spring element 6 rests against the contact surface 4b of the brush carbon 4 opposite the contact surface 4a.
  • the spring element 6 is a leg spring which sits on an axial support pin 8 arranged outside the brush shaft 5 and which is integrally formed on the brush plate 2.
  • a spring leg 6b ( Fig. 3 and 4 ) of the spring element 6 rests on the outside of the brush shaft 5 and is fixed there.
  • the spring element 6 causes the brush carbon 4, which is subject to wear during operation, to be guided radially against the commutator 3 in the brush pressure direction B.
  • the brush shaft 5, in which the respective brush carbon 4 is accommodated and guided, has a shaft longitudinal slot 9, which is oriented in the brush pressure direction B and, in the exemplary embodiment, runs radially with respect to the rotation axis R.
  • the connecting cable 7 is routed via the shaft longitudinal slot 9.
  • the shaft longitudinal slot 9 is provided in one of the lateral shaft walls 10, 11 of the brush shaft 5.
  • the shaft walls 10, 11 run in the brush pressure direction B, i.e., radially with respect to the rotation axis R in the exemplary embodiment.
  • the shaft wall having the shaft longitudinal slot 9, here the shaft wall 10, is located on the side opposite the spring element 6 and its support pin 8, on which the other shaft wall 11 runs.
  • the shaft longitudinal slot 9 is formed between two shaft legs 10a, 10b of the lateral shaft walls 10 of the brush shaft 5.
  • the spring or contact leg 6a of the spring element 6 is located in a pre-assembly or parking position Pv in a notch or groove 12 of a wall 11a, which is arranged, for example, in the axial extension of the shaft wall 11 facing the support pin 8 on the brush plate 2 and is in turn suitably formed onto the latter.
  • a flexible spring arm (finger, mandrel) 13 is provided on the brush shaft 5, which exerts a force on the brush carbon 4 in a shaft transverse direction of the brush shaft 5. As a result, the brush carbon 4 is clamped in the brush shaft 5.
  • the flexible spring arm 13 is attached to a free end of the The flexible spring arm 13 is provided on the first shaft leg 10a of the shaft wall 10, which delimits the shaft longitudinal slot 9 of the brush shaft 5 and faces away from the brush plate 2 of the brush system 1.
  • the flexurally elastic spring arm 13 is located on the (upper) shaft leg 10a whose axial distance from the brush plate 2 is greater than the distance of the other (lower) shaft leg 10b.
  • the spring arm 13 is a component of the brush shaft 5, which, preferably together with the brush plate 2, is a plastic injection-molded part, i.e., a molded part made of a plastic.
  • the flexurally elastic spring arm 13 is oriented or deflected in the direction of the lateral shaft wall 11 of the brush shaft 5 opposite the shaft longitudinal slot 9 in order to exert the clamping force.
  • the clamping force exerted by the flexurally elastic spring arm (finger, mandrel) 13 acts in such a way that the brush carbon 4 is pressed (pressed) within the brush shaft 5, at least in the west, against the shaft wall 11 opposite the shaft longitudinal slot 9.
  • This clamping force acts in the pre-assembled state in which the brush carbon 4, in its parked position Pv within the brush shaft 5, does not rest against the commutator 3, so that the commutator can be guided unhindered into or through the central recess of the brush plate 2 or the brush plate can be guided over the commutator 3.
  • the flexible spring arm 13 has a contact edge or surface 14 on its free end oriented in the direction of the brush carbon 4.
  • the contact edge 14 of the flexible spring arm 13 extends at an acute angle ⁇ .
  • the angle is suitably between 15° and 25°, preferably between 17.5° and 22.5°.
  • the flexible spring arm 13 undercuts or engages behind the brush carbon 4.
  • the undercut (engagement) takes place at a between a side surface 4c of the brush carbon 4 and its contact surface 4b formed brush edge 15 ( Fig. 4 ).
  • this brush edge 15 runs axially.
  • the corresponding side surface 4c is the surface of the brush carbon 4 facing the shaft longitudinal slot 9.
  • the adjustment drive 16 shown is an electric window lifter for a window pane 17 of a motor vehicle.
  • the adjustment drive 16 is expediently integrated into a vehicle door (not shown in detail) of the motor vehicle.
  • the adjustment drive 16 comprises a control unit 18, which is suitably formed by a microcontroller with implemented control and evaluation software.
  • the control unit 18 is provided and configured for the signal-based control of the commutator motor (electric motor) 20 with an integrated brush system 1, which has a motor shaft 19.
  • the commutator motor 20, in which the brush system 1 is arranged in a manner not shown in detail, acts on the window pane 17 via an adjustment mechanism 21, in particular in the form of a single- or double-strand cable window lifter.
  • the window pane 17 When the electric or commutator motor 20 is actuated, the window pane 17 is moved.
  • the window pane 17 can be reversibly moved between a closed position S, which corresponds to the highest possible position x, and an open position O, which represents the lowest possible position x. In these positions S and O, the window pane 17 is indicated by dashed lines. In contrast, the window pane 17 is shown in a half-open intermediate position with solid lines.
  • a ring magnet 22 is arranged on the motor shaft 19.
  • the ring magnet 22 has an even number of magnetic poles distributed around its circumference.
  • a Hall sensor 23, which serves as a position sensor, interacts with the ring magnet 22. This sensor detects a fluctuating magnetic field of the ring magnet 22 when the motor shaft 19 rotates. and generates a correspondingly pulsating Hall signal H, which is output to the control unit 18.
  • the control unit 18 determines a position measurement proportional to the position x of the window pane 17 by counting and summing the pulses of the Hall signal H.
  • An adjustment process in which the window pane 17 is to be moved from its closed position S toward the open position O, is triggered by a vehicle user by pressing a button 24.
  • the invention relates to a brush system 1 with at least one brush carbon 4 having a connecting cable 7 and a brush shaft 5 having a longitudinal slot 9 for passing the connecting cable 7, as well as a spring element 6 and a flexurally elastic spring arm 13 that rests against the brush carbon 4 in its pre-assembly or parking position Pv and exerts a clamping force thereon. It further relates to a commutator motor 20 having such a brush system 1 as a (DC) electric motor.
  • DC DC
  • the brush carbon 4 can also be clamped in the pre-assembly or parking position Pv within the brush shaft 5 by means of the spring or contact leg 6a, for example, by guiding it between the upper shaft wall and the brush carbon 4.
  • the spring or contact leg 6a is inserted into the Fig. 3 or 4 shown position.
  • the solution described can be used not only in the specific application case described, but also in a similar version in other automotive applications, such as door and tailgate systems, vehicle locks, adjustable seat and interior systems, and other electrical drives in the vehicle.

Landscapes

  • Motor Or Generator Current Collectors (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Système de balais (1) d'un moteur à collecteur (19), comprenant
    - au moins un charbon de balai (4) avec une surface de contact (4a) tournée vers un collecteur (3) et avec une surface d'appui (4b) opposée à celle-ci, ainsi qu'avec un câble de raccordement (7),
    - un conduit de balai (5) recevant le charbon de balai (4), qui comporte une fente longitudinale (9) de conduit dans laquelle est passé le câble de raccordement (7),
    - un élément ressort (6) qui exerce une force élastique dans la direction longitudinale (L) du conduit sur le charbon de balai (4), dans la position de travail (PA) de celui-ci,
    - le fait que l'élément ressort (6) est un ressort à branches qui est placé sur un tourillon porteur (8) agencé à l'extérieur du conduit de balai (5), l'élément ressort (6) comprenant une branche de ressort fixe (6b) et une branche d'appui mobile (6a) qui est en appui contre la surface d'appui (4b) du charbon de balai (4),
    - le fait que le charbon de balai (4) est serré dans une position de prémontage (PV) dans le conduit de balai (5) au moyen d'un bras à ressort élastique en flexion (13) qui repose contre le charbon de balai (4) et exerce une force de serrage sur celui-ci,
    - le fait que la fente longitudinale (9) du conduit est formée entre deux branches (10a, 10b)de conduit du conduit de balai (5), caractérisé en ce que le bras à ressort élastique en flexion (13) est aménagé à une extrémité libre d'une branche (10a) de conduit bordant la fente longitudinale (9) de conduit du conduit de balai (5), et
    - le fait que le bras à ressort élastique en flexion (13) est conçu de manière à exercer la force de serrage sur le charbon de balai (4) en direction d'une paroi (11) de conduit du conduit de balai (5) opposée à la fente longitudinale (9) du conduit.
  2. Système de balais (1) selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé
    en ce que la fente longitudinale (9) du conduit est formée dans une paroi latérale (10) de conduit du conduit de balai (5).
  3. Système de balais (1) selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2,
    caractérisé
    en ce que le bras à ressort élastique en flexion (13) destiné à exercer la force de serrage sur le charbon de balai (4) est formé dans une direction transversale de conduit du conduit de balai (5).
  4. Système de balais (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3,
    caractérisé
    en ce que le bras à ressort élastique en flexion (13) comprend, du côté libre, un bord d'appui (14) orienté dans la direction du charbon de balai (5).
  5. Système de balais (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4,
    caractérisé
    en ce que le bras à ressort élastique en flexion (13) comprend un bord d'appui (14) s'étendant selon un angle aigu (α) par rapport à la direction longitudinale (L) du conduit, avec lequel le bras à ressort élastique en flexion (13) coupe un bord de balai (15) formé entre une surface latérale (4c) du charbon de balai (4) et sa surface d'appui (4b).
  6. Système de balais (1) selon la revendication 5,
    caractérisé
    en ce que le bord d'appui (14) du bras à ressort élastique en flexion (13) s'étend selon un angle aigu (α), en particulier selon un angle α = (20 ± 2,5)°, par rapport à la direction longitudinale (L) du conduit.
  7. Moteur électrique (20), en particulier d'un lèvevitre d'un véhicule automobile, comprenant un système de balais (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6.
EP21830637.1A 2020-12-18 2021-12-06 Systèmes de balais pour moteur électrique Active EP4233155B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102020216308.1A DE102020216308A1 (de) 2020-12-18 2020-12-18 Bürstensystem für einen Elektromotor
PCT/EP2021/084319 WO2022128555A1 (fr) 2020-12-18 2021-12-06 Systèmes de balais pour moteur électrique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4233155A1 EP4233155A1 (fr) 2023-08-30
EP4233155B1 true EP4233155B1 (fr) 2025-09-10

Family

ID=79021744

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP21830637.1A Active EP4233155B1 (fr) 2020-12-18 2021-12-06 Systèmes de balais pour moteur électrique

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4233155B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102020216308A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2022128555A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2530877A1 (fr) 1982-07-22 1984-01-27 Marchal Equip Auto Porte-balais et moteur electrique muni d'un tel porte-balais
DE3432460A1 (de) 1984-09-04 1986-03-13 Gardena Kress + Kastner Gmbh, 7900 Ulm Buerstenhalterung fuer eine schleifbuerste
DE19523896B4 (de) 1995-06-30 2007-01-11 Robert Bosch Gmbh Mechanisch kommutierter Elektromotor
DE10355982A1 (de) * 2003-11-27 2005-06-30 Valeo Motoren Und Aktuatoren Gmbh Bürstenhalter für Elektromotoren sowie Elektromotor mit einem solchen Bürstenhalter
DE102006045841A1 (de) * 2006-09-27 2008-04-03 Tyco Electronics Amp Gmbh Vorrichtung mit einem beweglichen Kontakt mit Rückhalteelement
HUE028651T2 (en) 2011-08-08 2016-12-28 Schunk Italia S R L Kefefék
DE102015220897A1 (de) 2015-10-26 2017-04-27 Brose Fahrzeugteile GmbH & Co. Kommanditgesellschaft, Würzburg Bürstensystem für einen Elektromotor
DE102018121225A1 (de) 2018-08-30 2020-03-05 Valeo Systèmes d'Éssuyage Scheibenwischermotor und Verfahren zur Montage des Scheibenwischermotors

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP4233155A1 (fr) 2023-08-30
WO2022128555A1 (fr) 2022-06-23
DE102020216308A1 (de) 2022-06-23

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