EP4235074B1 - Echangeur de chaleur - Google Patents

Echangeur de chaleur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4235074B1
EP4235074B1 EP23153533.7A EP23153533A EP4235074B1 EP 4235074 B1 EP4235074 B1 EP 4235074B1 EP 23153533 A EP23153533 A EP 23153533A EP 4235074 B1 EP4235074 B1 EP 4235074B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
tubes
exchange medium
fuel cell
dehumidifier
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP23153533.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP4235074A1 (fr
EP4235074C0 (fr
Inventor
Marius Jessen
Tim Kullmann
Jannis KRANZ
Per Nicolai Clausen
Dennis Ruser
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ThyssenKrupp AG
ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems GmbH
Original Assignee
ThyssenKrupp AG
ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ThyssenKrupp AG, ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems GmbH filed Critical ThyssenKrupp AG
Publication of EP4235074A1 publication Critical patent/EP4235074A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4235074B1 publication Critical patent/EP4235074B1/fr
Publication of EP4235074C0 publication Critical patent/EP4235074C0/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
    • F28D7/163—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation with conduit assemblies having a particular shape, e.g. square or annular; with assemblies of conduits having different geometrical features; with multiple groups of conduits connected in series or parallel and arranged inside common casing
    • F28D7/1653—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation with conduit assemblies having a particular shape, e.g. square or annular; with assemblies of conduits having different geometrical features; with multiple groups of conduits connected in series or parallel and arranged inside common casing the conduit assemblies having a square or rectangular shape
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/0066—Multi-circuit heat-exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat-exchangers for more than two fluids
    • F28D7/0075—Multi-circuit heat-exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat-exchangers for more than two fluids with particular circuits for the same heat exchange medium, e.g. with the same heat exchange medium flowing through sections having different heat exchange capacities or for heating or cooling the same heat exchange medium at different temperatures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/0066—Multi-circuit heat-exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat-exchangers for more than two fluids
    • F28D7/0083—Multi-circuit heat-exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat-exchangers for more than two fluids with units having particular arrangement relative to a supplementary heat exchange medium, e.g. with interleaved units or with adjacent units arranged in common flow of supplementary heat exchange medium
    • F28D7/0091—Multi-circuit heat-exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat-exchangers for more than two fluids with units having particular arrangement relative to a supplementary heat exchange medium, e.g. with interleaved units or with adjacent units arranged in common flow of supplementary heat exchange medium the supplementary medium flowing in series through the units
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
    • F28D7/1684—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation the conduits having a non-circular cross-section

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat exchanger, in particular a heat exchanger which can be used modularly for a dehumidifier.
  • Fuel cell devices are currently being increasingly used in non-nuclear submarines to increase their operational capability when submerged.
  • One important form of this is the recirculation fuel cell.
  • the gas flowing in the recirculation circuit must be dehumidified. To do this, the gas is cooled in a first heat exchanger, thereby condensing out the water. In a second heat exchanger, the gas is heated again so that it flows into the fuel cell at as close to the operating temperature as possible, which minimizes aging, particularly of the membrane.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a heat exchanger which can be used in particular in a dehumidifier of a recirculation circuit of a recirculation fuel cell on board a submarine.
  • the heat exchanger according to the invention has a rectangular basic shape.
  • the heat exchanger can be cuboid-shaped, in particular cube-shaped.
  • the basic shape refers to the inner area through which the flow passes. On the outside, formations necessary in particular for the assembly of further components can be arranged.
  • the inner area can have inlet and/or outlet areas attached to the rectangular basic shape.
  • the heat exchanger has a first side and a second side of the rectangular basic shape, with the first side and the second side being opposite each other. The first side and the second side are thus parallel to one another. Tubes are arranged between the first side and the second side.
  • Such a heat exchanger is also referred to as a tube bundle heat exchanger.
  • the tubes have an elliptical cross-section.
  • an ellipse the sum of the distances of an ellipse point, i.e. a point on the surface (here the tube) from two given points, the focal points, is the same for all points.
  • the ellipse is therefore a special form of the oval.
  • the elliptical shape optimizes the flow resistance for a gas flowing through the heat exchanger while at the same time ensuring effective heat exchange with the heat exchange medium flowing in the tubes.
  • the oval shape optimizes use in a cooling heat exchanger, where condensation occurs.
  • the elliptical shape allows the condensate to be drained downwards well, so that dehumidification in countercurrent is possible.
  • the advantage of the elliptical shape is that the symmetry means that the flow direction is independent. This means that such a heat exchanger can be used particularly efficiently in a modular structure.
  • all main axes of the elliptical tubes are arranged parallel.
  • all main axes are perpendicular to the first side and the second side.
  • a distributor head for introducing a heat exchange medium is arranged on the first side of the heat exchanger and a collector head for discharging the heat exchange medium is arranged on the second side of the heat exchanger.
  • the heat exchanger and the distributor head as well as the heat exchanger and the collector head can particularly preferably be connected to one another by means of screwing or welding.
  • This separate design is particularly practical for a modular structure. Furthermore, this enables installation or replacement, especially in confined environments, for example and in particular in a fuel cell device on board a submarine.
  • the modular structure means that essential modules can be used for several components.
  • different manufacturing techniques can also be used for the various modular components.
  • the distributor head and the collector head have a pyramidal basic shape.
  • the tip of the pyramidal shape can preferably be flattened (truncated pyramid). This enables the heat exchange medium to be distributed to all pipes and a trouble-free return.
  • a connection for supplying or removing the heat exchange medium can be arranged either on the top surface of the truncated pyramid or on one of the side surfaces.
  • the basic pyramid shape can also be rounded, especially at the outermost end, for example to facilitate attachment to the rectangular basic shape of the heat exchanger and also to optimize the flow inside.
  • the distributor head and the collector head are of identical construction. This enables the flow of liquid in both directions, and the The number of different components is reduced, thus simplifying both production and spare parts inventory.
  • the distributor head and the collector head each have at least a first and a second connection, the first connection and the second connection being suitable for connection to a heat exchange medium distribution system, the first connection and the second connection being arranged spatially differently.
  • the heat exchange medium distribution system is only connected to the first connection or the second connection and the other is closed. This makes it possible to meet different steric requirements with just one distributor head or collector head.
  • the first connection is arranged centrally and horizontally and the second connection is arranged temporally and at an angle.
  • first connection can be directed upwards and the second connection downwards, which is particularly useful in a tower-shaped arrangement, for example in a cascaded series connection to extend the heat exchanger, since the upper first connection of the lower heat exchanger can then be connected to the lower second connection of the upper heat exchanger.
  • the heat exchanger has a third side and a fourth side of the rectangular basic shape, the third side and the fourth side being opposite each other.
  • the third side and the fourth side are thus parallel to each other. Due to the rectangularity, the third side and the fourth side are each perpendicular to the first side and the second side.
  • the elliptical cross section of the tubes is arranged such that the main axes of the elliptical cross sections are arranged perpendicular to the third side and fourth side.
  • the tubes thus generate minimal flow resistance for a fluid flowing from the third to the fourth side.
  • the fluid is preferably introduced through the third side and flows out again from the fourth side.
  • the fluid can in particular be a gas laden with moisture.
  • the fluid can be a gas with gaseous water or can also carry water, for example in liquid droplet form.
  • a liquid phase can preferably condense out of the fluid in the heat exchanger or be separated in another way.
  • the gas passage in the third side and in the fourth side extends over at least 80%, preferably at least 90% of the area of the third side or the fourth side.
  • the gas passage thus takes place, apart from the necessary side wall and, for example, connecting elements, over as full an area as possible through the third side and the fourth side. This is particularly preferred if at least two heat exchangers are to be arranged one above the other, for example to form a dehumidifier or to create a longer heat exchanger in a modular design.
  • the third side is designed for direct connection to the fourth side of another heat exchanger according to the invention. This allows two or more heat exchangers to be placed one above the other in a simple manner,
  • the third side of the heat exchanger can be connected to the fourth side of another heat exchanger according to the invention.
  • the heat exchange medium preferably flows first through the first heat exchanger and then through the second heat exchanger, while the gas flows first through the second heat exchanger and then into the first heat exchanger.
  • the lower second heat exchanger is operated as a cooler and thus a dehumidifier, and the upper first heat exchanger is then operated as a heater, so that the combination of the two heat exchangers causes dehumidification with no or only a minimal change in temperature of the gas flowing from the inflowing to the outflowing.
  • the heat exchanger has a fifth side and a sixth side of the rectangular basic shape, wherein the fifth side and the sixth side are opposite each other.
  • the fifth side and the sixth side each have a closed surface.
  • the closed surface preferably consists of successive half ellipses, which have the same shape as the tubes. This results in two embodiments, if one starts from The half ellipses can point alternately inwards and outwards. This results in a wavy surface, which results in a relatively constant distance between the pipes and the pipes and the outer wall. Alternatively, all half ellipses are preferably curved outwards.
  • the heat exchanger is rotationally symmetrical about a first two-fold axis of rotation, with the first axis of rotation being perpendicular to the first side and the second side.
  • the heat exchanger is rotationally symmetrical about a second two-fold axis of rotation, with the second axis of rotation being perpendicular to the third side and the fourth side.
  • the tubes are arranged in rows. Adjacent rows are offset by half the distance between the centers of adjacent tubes in a row.
  • the tubes have an outwardly directed thickening of the wall thickness at at least one end.
  • the inner diameter and thus the flow resistance for the heat exchange medium preferably remains constant. This achieves improved power transmission.
  • the heat exchanger is manufactured by means of additive manufacturing.
  • the heat exchanger is manufactured from a metal powder by means of laser beam melting.
  • the invention relates to a dehumidifier with a first heat exchanger according to the invention and a second heat exchanger according to the invention.
  • the first heat exchanger is arranged under the second heat exchanger.
  • the third side of the second heat exchanger is connected to the fourth side of a first heat exchanger.
  • the first heat exchanger is connected for cooling and the second heat exchanger is connected for heating.
  • a water drain is arranged under the first heat exchanger in order to remove condensate which is separated from a gas stream in the dehumidifier.
  • the invention relates to a recirculation fuel cell module, wherein the recirculation fuel cell module has at least one fuel cell stack and at least one first dehumidifier according to the invention.
  • the fuel cell stack has at least one first inlet and one first outlet.
  • the first outlet is fluidically connected to the third side and the fourth side is fluidically connected to the first inlet.
  • the first dehumidifier is arranged on the cathode side.
  • the recirculation fuel cell module has a second dehumidifier, wherein the second dehumidifier is arranged on the anode side.
  • the invention relates to a fuel cell device with a dehumidifier according to the invention.
  • the dehumidifier is preferably arranged in the recirculation circuit of the fuel cell device.
  • the invention relates to a submarine with a fuel cell device according to the invention.
  • Fig. 1 the view of the first side 10 is shown.
  • the tubes 70 can be seen, which are arranged offset in rows and whose main axis 72 is arranged perpendicular to the third side 30 and the fourth side 40.
  • Fig. 2 shows the view of the third side 30, the pipes 70 run from the first side 10 to the second side 20.
  • FIG. 3 the view of the fifth side can be seen.
  • a distributor head 12 is arranged on the first side 10, for example welded.
  • the heat exchange medium entering through the heat exchange medium inlet 90 is distributed to the pipes 70 by the distributor head 12.
  • the heat exchange medium exiting from the pipes 70 on the second side is brought together in the collector head 22 and led to the heat exchange medium outlet 92.
  • the gas enters the heat exchanger at the bottom through the gas inlet on the third side and exits again through the gas outlet 82 on the fourth side 40.
  • FIG. 4 A dehumidifier consisting of two heat exchangers is shown, whereby the illustration of the illustration of the Fig. 3 with the view of the fifth side.
  • the heat exchange medium enters the lower heat exchanger via the heat exchange medium inlet 90 and cools and dehumidifies the gas flow.
  • the heat exchange medium leaves the lower heat exchanger and passes through the connecting line 100 into the upper heat exchanger. There, the heat is given off to the cooled and dehumidified gas, bringing it back to approximately the initial temperature.
  • the heat exchange medium leaves the upper heat exchanger through the heat exchange medium outlet 92.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Échangeur de chaleur, dans lequel l'échangeur de chaleur a une forme de base rectangulaire, dans lequel l'échangeur de chaleur a un premier côté (10) et un deuxième côté (20) de la forme de base rectangulaire, dans lequel le premier côté (10) et le deuxième côté (20) sont opposés l'un à l'autre, dans lequel des tubes (70) sont disposés entre le premier côté (10) et le deuxième côté (20), dans lequel les tubes (70) ont une section transversale elliptique, dans lequel une tête de distribution pour l'introduction d'un fluide d'échange thermique est disposée sur le premier côté (10) de l'échangeur de chaleur, dans lequel une tête de collecte pour l'évacuation du fluide d'échange thermique est disposée sur le deuxième côté (20) de l'échangeur de chaleur, caractérisé par le fait que la tête de distribution et la tête de collecte ont une forme de base pyramidale et que la tête de distribution et la tête de collecte sont de construction identique.
  2. Échangeur de chaleur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'échangeur de chaleur a un troisième côté (30) et un quatrième côté (40) de forme de base rectangulaire, le troisième côté (30) et le quatrième côté (40) étant opposés l'un à l'autre, la section transversale elliptique des tubes (70) étant disposée de telle sorte que les axes principaux des sections transversales elliptiques sont disposés perpendiculairement au troisième côté (30) et au quatrième côté (40).
  3. Échangeur de chaleur selon la revendication 2, caractérisé par le fait que le troisième côté (30) de l'échangeur de chaleur peut être connecté au quatrième côté (40) d'un autre échangeur de chaleur selon l'invention.
  4. Echangeur de chaleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'échangeur de chaleur présente un cinquième côté et un sixième côté de forme rectangulaire de base, le cinquième côté et le sixième côté étant opposés l'un à l'autre, le cinquième côté et le sixième côté présentant une surface fermée, la surface fermée étant constituée de demi-ellipses successives ayant la même forme que les tubes (70).
  5. Echangeur de chaleur selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les tubes (70) sont disposés en rangées, chaque rangée adjacente ayant un décalage de la moitié de la distance entre les centres des tubes (70) adjacents dans une rangée.
  6. Échangeur de chaleur selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que les tubes (70) présentent un épaississement de l'épaisseur de la paroi dirigé vers l'extérieur à au moins une extrémité.
  7. Déshumidificateur avec un premier échangeur de chaleur selon l'une des revendications précédentes et un deuxième échangeur de chaleur selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le premier échangeur de chaleur est disposé sous le deuxième échangeur de chaleur, dans lequel le premier échangeur de chaleur est connecté pour le refroidissement, dans lequel le deuxième échangeur de chaleur est connecté pour le chauffage, dans lequel un drain d'eau est disposé sous le premier échangeur de chaleur.
  8. Dispositif à pile à combustible avec déshumidificateur selon la revendication 7.
  9. Sous-marin équipé d'un dispositif de pile à combustible selon la revendication 8.
EP23153533.7A 2022-02-08 2023-01-26 Echangeur de chaleur Active EP4235074B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102022201290.9A DE102022201290A1 (de) 2022-02-08 2022-02-08 Wärmetauscher

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4235074A1 EP4235074A1 (fr) 2023-08-30
EP4235074B1 true EP4235074B1 (fr) 2025-03-05
EP4235074C0 EP4235074C0 (fr) 2025-03-05

Family

ID=85122539

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP23153533.7A Active EP4235074B1 (fr) 2022-02-08 2023-01-26 Echangeur de chaleur

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4235074B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102022201290A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES3020518T3 (fr)
IL (1) IL300349B2 (fr)

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH611819A5 (en) * 1976-04-09 1979-06-29 Akira Togashi Heat exchanger
JPH1030893A (ja) 1996-07-17 1998-02-03 Mitsubishi Shindoh Co Ltd 熱交換器および伝熱管
JPH1123182A (ja) * 1997-07-08 1999-01-26 Nakamura Jikou:Kk 熱交換器
ITMN20070029A1 (it) 2007-07-04 2009-01-05 Unical A G S P A Scambiatore di calore per caldaia
TWM367050U (en) 2009-05-08 2009-10-21 Salida Industry Co Ltd All-purpose sander
US12449205B2 (en) 2020-03-10 2025-10-21 University Of Maryland, College Park Cross-flow heat exchanger systems and methods for fabrication thereof
DE102020210310A1 (de) 2020-08-13 2022-02-17 Thyssenkrupp Ag Kompakter Wärmetauscher
DE102020210532B3 (de) 2020-08-19 2021-07-29 Thyssenkrupp Ag Kompakter Rezirkulationsbereich einer Rezirkulationsbrennstoffzellenvorrichtung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IL300349A (en) 2023-09-01
IL300349B2 (en) 2026-02-01
EP4235074A1 (fr) 2023-08-30
ES3020518T3 (en) 2025-05-22
IL300349B1 (en) 2025-10-01
EP4235074C0 (fr) 2025-03-05
DE102022201290A1 (de) 2023-08-10

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