EP4256180A1 - Procédé de mise à l'arret d'un moteur à turbine à gaz de turbogénérateur pour l'aéronef - Google Patents
Procédé de mise à l'arret d'un moteur à turbine à gaz de turbogénérateur pour l'aéronefInfo
- Publication number
- EP4256180A1 EP4256180A1 EP21840075.2A EP21840075A EP4256180A1 EP 4256180 A1 EP4256180 A1 EP 4256180A1 EP 21840075 A EP21840075 A EP 21840075A EP 4256180 A1 EP4256180 A1 EP 4256180A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- gas turbine
- operating speed
- speed
- electric machine
- turbogenerator
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C9/00—Controlling gas-turbine plants; Controlling fuel supply in air- breathing jet-propulsion plants
- F02C9/48—Control of fuel supply conjointly with another control of the plant
- F02C9/56—Control of fuel supply conjointly with another control of the plant with power transmission control
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D27/00—Arrangement or mounting of power plants in aircraft; Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plants
- B64D27/02—Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plants
- B64D27/30—Aircraft characterised by electric power plants
- B64D27/33—Hybrid electric aircraft
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D21/00—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for
- F01D21/003—Arrangements for testing or measuring
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/34—Turning or inching gear
- F01D25/36—Turning or inching gear using electric motors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/36—Power transmission arrangements between the different shafts of the gas turbine plant, or between the gas-turbine plant and the power user
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
- Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft
Definitions
- the present invention relates to aircraft turbogenerators, and relates more particularly to the cooling of the engine compartment of a gas turbine of such turbogenerators.
- An aircraft generally comprises a powertrain formed by a plurality of turbojet engines intended to provide the thrust necessary for its propulsion.
- VTOL Vertical Take-Off and Landing aircraft
- STOL short take-off and landing STOL
- the propulsion system comprises at least one electrical machine driven by a gas turbine to supply electrical power to the aircraft from fossil energy.
- Propulsion is now provided by one or more turbogenerators which can be supplemented by a set of rechargeable batteries making it possible to supply the electrical network of the aircraft and/or to supply the electrical machine and/or to store electrical energy at high energy density, for example between 250 and 350 Wh/Kg.
- Such a turbogenerator generally comprises a gas turbine as well as a reversible electric machine.
- reversible is meant a rotating machine capable of transforming the mechanical power produced by the gas turbine into electricity, but also of transforming electrical energy into work by driving the gas turbine engine.
- turbogenerator is subject to a redundancy of start-up sequences followed by use of nominal power and shutdown, without significant pause, between two journeys.
- the engine oil and/or fuel is likely to coke at its hot parts.
- This predetermined duration does not guarantee rapid availability of the aircraft, in particular during emergency take-offs.
- the gas turbine thus mixes the ambient air which is much colder than the gas turbine in order to cool it.
- Another solution consists of adding a fan dedicated to the gas turbine, but this risks significantly increasing the size of the gas turbine and making it heavier.
- the invention proposes to overcome the aforementioned constraints by proposing a method for gradually shutting down a gas turbine for an aircraft.
- the subject of the invention is therefore a method for shutting down at least one turbogenerator for an aircraft, comprising a reversible electric machine coupled to a gas turbine through at least one power shaft initially in a nominal speed. Operating.
- the process includes:
- the first operating speed here is close to the idling speed and allows, thanks to a minimum injection of fuel into the combustion chamber, to start the cooling of the gas turbine and its compartment while delivering a minimum of power output. of the motor.
- the electric machine is stopped by cutting off the fuel injection.
- the electric machine drives the gas turbine for the second predetermined time so that it stirs air.
- the time needed to restart the turbogenerator is also reduced because the gas turbine is already rotated at a certain speed by the electric machine.
- a turbogenerator comprises a multi-motor architecture, that is to say having at least two rotating shafts
- the first and second predetermined durations as well as the speed levels may be different from one shaft to another.
- the electric machine is coupled to electrical power supply means, the method comprising a verification, following the stop command, of the electrical energy level of the power supply means, and whether the electrical energy level is lower than a threshold value, an electrical generation control allowing the control of the gas turbine at a required level of mechanical power and the control of the electrical machine in generator mode for the generation of an electrical power during the first duration capable of being stored in the supply means so as to reach the threshold value.
- the electric machine In order to keep the gas turbine rotating by the electric machine and without injection of fuel, it is advantageous for the electric machine to be able to be supplied with electrical energy by the supply means for the second predetermined duration.
- the electrical energy level of the supply means is greater than a threshold value of between 0.15 and 1.5 kWh.
- the first duration is between 30 and 120 seconds, and the first operating speed is between 50 and 70% of the nominal operating speed of the power shaft of the gas turbine.
- the first operating speed of the turbogenerator is substantially equal to 60% of its nominal operating speed.
- the first speed of a first rotary shaft can be between 50 and 70% of the nominal speed and that of the second rotary shaft between 50 and 70% of the nominal speed, for example.
- the second duration is between 60 and 300 seconds, and the second operating speed is between 5 and 15% of the nominal operating speed of the gas turbine.
- the invention also relates to a device for shutting down at least one turbogenerator for an aircraft, the turbogenerator comprising a reversible electric machine coupled to a gas turbine through a power shaft initially in a nominal speed. Operating.
- the device includes:
- control means capable of generating a turbogenerator shutdown setpoint signal
- - actuating means capable of passing, for a first predetermined duration, the nominal operating speed of the power shaft to a first operating speed lower than the nominal speed
- control means configured to stop the drive of the power shaft by the reversible electric machine and allow a progressive stoppage of the rotation of the turbogenerator.
- the electric machine is coupled to electrical power supply means, the device comprising comparison means configured to check, following generation of the stop setpoint signal, the electrical energy level of the power supply means, and if the electrical energy level is below a threshold value, the electrical machine is able to generate, during the first duration, electrical energy capable of being stored in the supply means so as to reach the threshold value.
- the first duration is between 30 and 120 seconds, during which the first operating speed is between 5 and 70% of the nominal operating speed of the power shaft of the gas turbine.
- the second duration is between 60 and 300 seconds, and the second operating speed is between 5 and 15% of the nominal operating speed of the power shaft of the gas turbine.
- the electrical power supply means comprise at least one battery capable of powering the electric machine.
- the comparison means are configured to communicate with a management system BMS (for "Battery Management System” in English) which makes it possible to obtain information relating to the energy level battery power.
- a management system BMS for "Battery Management System” in English
- Another subject of the invention is an aircraft comprising at least one turbogenerator comprising at least one gas turbine, a reversible electric machine and at least one shutdown device as defined above.
- the shutdown device is configured to drive a single-engine or multi-engine architecture.
- FIG 1 schematically shows a sectional view of a single-engine turbogenerator according to the state of the art
- FIG 2 schematically represents a sectional view of a multi-engine turbogenerator with a conventional compressor
- FIG 3 schematically illustrates a sectional view of a multi-engine turbogenerator with two compressors according to the state of the art
- FIG 4 illustrates the modules of a device for shutting down at least one gas turbine engine of the single-engine or multi-engine turbogenerator according to one embodiment of the invention
- FIG 5 presents a flowchart of a method for shutting down the gas turbine engine implemented by said device according to one mode of implementation of the invention
- FIG 6 represents a time evolution graph of the gas turbine engine operating regime.
- FIG. 1 In FIG. 1 is represented a turbogenerator 1 intended to partially provide the propulsion functions of an urban aircraft intended to carry out short-duration missions repeatedly.
- the turbogenerator 1 comprises a gas turbine 2 capable of rotating a single motor shaft 3, itself coupled to a turbine 4 and to a compressor 5 of the gas turbine 2.
- the gas turbine 2 is so here a single-rotor turbomachine.
- the compressor 5 comprising a set of fixed and mobile fins, intended to compress the outside air.
- the gas turbine 2 further comprises a combustion chamber 6 capable of receiving the air compressed by the compressor 5 and carrying out combustion by mixing it with a fuel such as kerosene.
- the turbogenerator 1 further comprises a reversible electric machine 7 capable of operating in generator mode and in motor mode. More precisely, when the electric machine 7 operates in motor mode, the latter is configured to produce a torque capable of driving the shaft 3.
- the electric machine 7 is coupled to power supply means 8 which include one or more batteries 9.
- the supply means 8 comprise a single battery 9 intended to supply the electric machine 7 so that the latter can operate in motor mode.
- the electrical machine 7 is capable of supplying the battery 9 with electrical energy.
- the power supply means 8 further comprise a 10 HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) high voltage power supply network, delivering for example a DC voltage greater than 270 volts, coupled to the battery 9 in order to 'supply with continuous electrical energy.
- HVDC High Voltage Direct Current
- the high voltage power supply network 10 is also coupled to the electric machine 7 so that it can operate in motor mode.
- the gas turbine 2 comprises two rotating shafts 3 and 12 and a second turbine 13, which can be called here free turbine because it is not linked to a compressor 6 of the gas turbine 2.
- the second turbine 13 is connected to the electric machine 7 by the shaft 12 concentric with the shaft 3 and independent in rotation of the latter.
- the gas turbine 2 is therefore here a twin-rotor turbomachine, since it comprises two independent rotating shafts 3 and 12.
- the gas turbine 2 further comprises a second compressor 14 linked to the second turbine 13 by the shaft 12 concentric with the shaft 3 and independent in rotation of the latter, such that shown in figure 3.
- turbomachine Whether the turbomachine is single-rotor or double-rotor, it comprises shaft 3 or shaft 12 respectively, through which mechanical power can be tapped to drive electrical machine 7 operating in generator mode. This tree can be called power tree.
- power shaft 12 is also called the low pressure shaft, shaft 3 then being called the high pressure shaft.
- the turbogenerator 1 comprises a device 15 configured to shut down at least the gas turbine 2.
- the device 15 is configured to control the electric machine 7 as well as the gas turbine 2.
- FIG. 4 illustrates a detailed view of the device 15.
- the device 15 comprises control means 16, actuation means 17, comparison means 18, control means 19 as well as holding means 20.
- the device 15 is here configured to shut down the gas turbine 2.
- control means 16 are configured to initiate the gradual shutdown of the gas turbine 2.
- control means 16 are capable of generating a setpoint signal to the actuation means 17 coupled to the gas turbine 2.
- the actuating means 17 are configured to reduce the nominal operating speed of the shaft 3 to a first operating speed lower than the nominal speed.
- the comparison means 18 are capable of simultaneously checking whether the electrical energy level of the supply means 8 is below a threshold value.
- This threshold value may for example be between 0.15 kWh and 1.5 kWh.
- the comparison means 18 are coupled to a management system 21.
- the management system 21 is coupled to the supply means 8 and more particularly to the battery 9.
- the comparison means 18 are also coupled to the electric machine 7 so as to cause it to operate in generator mode.
- control means 19 are coupled to the gas turbine 2 and are configured to control the operation of said chamber 6.
- the holding means 20 are configured to operate the electric machine 7 in motor mode and thus keep the power shaft 3 rotating when the fuel is no longer injected into the combustion chamber 6.
- the device 15 further comprises control means 22 configured to gradually stop the electric machine 7.
- FIG. 5 illustrates a flowchart of a method for shutting down the power shaft 3 and/or 12, implemented by the device 15.
- the method begins with a step E1 during which the control means 16 initiate the progressive stopping of the shaft. power 3 and/or 12 initially in nominal operating conditions.
- step E2 the actuating means 17 control the gas turbine 2 so as to reduce the speed of the shaft 3 and/or 12 to the first operating speed.
- step E3 the gas turbine 2 operates at a speed lower than the nominal operating speed for a predetermined duration.
- the first operating speed is between 50 and 70% of the nominal speed and the first predetermined duration is between 30 and 120 seconds.
- the gas turbine 2 operates at an operating speed close to idle speed.
- step E4 the comparison means 18 check the electrical energy level of the supply means 8.
- the management system 21 recovers the data relating to the state of charge of the supply means 8 and particularly the battery 9.
- step E5 as soon as the comparison means 18 have said data, they compare them with the threshold value.
- the comparison means check whether the electric machine 7 is capable of driving the shaft 3 and/or 12 for the second predetermined duration and this without injecting fuel into the combustion chamber 6.
- the electrical energy level of the supply means 8 is greater than the threshold value.
- step E3 the first operating mode is maintained for the predetermined duration. Then, the method passes to step E7 at the end of this step.
- the electrical machine 7 operates, in step E6, in generator mode during the first predetermined duration in order to increase the electrical energy level the means of supply 8.
- step E7 the control means 19 shut down the combustion chamber 6.
- step E8 the holding means 20 control the electric machine in motor mode to keep the shaft 3 and/or 12 rotating for the second predetermined duration comprised for example between 60 and 300 seconds.
- the shaft 3 and/or 12 is in a second operating regime comprised for example between 5 and 15% of the nominal operating regime, which improves its cooling.
- step E9 the control means 22 gradually stop the electric machine 7.
- This mode of implementation makes it possible to obtain a temporal evolution in seconds of the operating speed N of the engine, in revolutions per minute, represented by a graph G 1 illustrated in figure 6.
- the aircraft is in a cruising phase during which the shaft 3 and/or 12 of the gas turbine 2 is initially in a nominal operating speed N ref .
- the operating speed of the shaft 3 and/or 12 decreases rapidly to reach an operating speed Ni close to the idle speed. This makes it possible to have a first level of cooling of the turbogenerator 1 by injecting little fuel into the combustion chamber 6.
- the passage of the air flow while delivering a minimum of power at the output of the gas turbine 2 creates favorable conditions to start cooling the turbomachine in flight.
- the first operating speed Ni is here between 50 and 70% of the speed N ref and is maintained for the predetermined duration t2 of between 30 and 120 seconds.
- the combustion chamber 6 of the gas turbine 2 is then turned off to begin a third phase t of between 60 and 300 seconds, during which the electric machine 7 is controlled in a motor mode which makes it possible to drive the shaft 3 and/or or 12 at a second speed N2 in order to cool it by stirring air.
- the second speed N2 is for example between 5 and 15% of the nominal speed N ref .
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
- Supercharger (AREA)
- Control Of Turbines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2012664A FR3117148A1 (fr) | 2020-12-04 | 2020-12-04 | Procédé de mise à l’arrêt d’un moteur à turbine à gaz de turbogénérateur pour aéronef |
| PCT/FR2021/052161 WO2022117952A1 (fr) | 2020-12-04 | 2021-12-01 | Procédé de mise à l'arret d'un moteur à turbine à gaz de turbogénérateur pour l'aéronef |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4256180A1 true EP4256180A1 (fr) | 2023-10-11 |
Family
ID=74206071
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21840075.2A Pending EP4256180A1 (fr) | 2020-12-04 | 2021-12-01 | Procédé de mise à l'arret d'un moteur à turbine à gaz de turbogénérateur pour l'aéronef |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20240003261A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4256180A1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN116635609A (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA3200639A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3117148A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2022117952A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3144978B1 (fr) * | 2023-01-18 | 2025-10-31 | Safran | Procédé de régulation de régime et dispositif de commande |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3019219B1 (fr) * | 2014-03-27 | 2016-03-18 | Turbomeca | Architecture d'un systeme propulsif d'un helicoptere multi-moteur et helicoptere correspondant |
| FR3019215B1 (fr) * | 2014-03-27 | 2019-05-31 | Safran Helicopter Engines | Dispositif d'assistance pour une turbomachine a turbine libre d'un aeronef comprenant au moins deux turbomachines a turbine libre |
| FR3089247B1 (fr) * | 2018-11-30 | 2020-12-18 | Airbus Helicopters | Procédé et système pour arrêter une turbine à gaz et véhicule |
-
2020
- 2020-12-04 FR FR2012664A patent/FR3117148A1/fr active Pending
-
2021
- 2021-12-01 WO PCT/FR2021/052161 patent/WO2022117952A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2021-12-01 CA CA3200639A patent/CA3200639A1/fr active Pending
- 2021-12-01 EP EP21840075.2A patent/EP4256180A1/fr active Pending
- 2021-12-01 US US18/265,021 patent/US20240003261A1/en active Pending
- 2021-12-01 CN CN202180081918.1A patent/CN116635609A/zh active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA3200639A1 (fr) | 2022-06-09 |
| FR3117148A1 (fr) | 2022-06-10 |
| CN116635609A (zh) | 2023-08-22 |
| US20240003261A1 (en) | 2024-01-04 |
| WO2022117952A1 (fr) | 2022-06-09 |
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