EP4263211A1 - Verbundwerkstoff bestehend aus substrat mit haftvermittelnder kupferschicht und chromhaltiger deckschicht und verfahren zu dessen herstellung - Google Patents
Verbundwerkstoff bestehend aus substrat mit haftvermittelnder kupferschicht und chromhaltiger deckschicht und verfahren zu dessen herstellungInfo
- Publication number
- EP4263211A1 EP4263211A1 EP22754007.7A EP22754007A EP4263211A1 EP 4263211 A1 EP4263211 A1 EP 4263211A1 EP 22754007 A EP22754007 A EP 22754007A EP 4263211 A1 EP4263211 A1 EP 4263211A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- chromium
- adhesion
- copper
- substrate
- layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 96
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- BFGKITSFLPAWGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(3+) Chemical class [Cr+3] BFGKITSFLPAWGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001229 Pot metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229940024464 emollients and protectives zinc product Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 85
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 10
- JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(6+) Chemical class [Cr+6] JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010040914 Skin reaction Diseases 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010000496 acne Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000013566 allergen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000430 skin reaction Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000035483 skin reaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 206010020751 Hypersensitivity Diseases 0.000 description 1
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007815 allergy Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012496 blank sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000008429 bread Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QUQFTIVBFKLPCL-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;2-amino-3-[(2-amino-2-carboxylatoethyl)disulfanyl]propanoate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-]C(=O)C(N)CSSCC(N)C([O-])=O QUQFTIVBFKLPCL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- UGWKCNDTYUOTQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;sulfuric acid Chemical compound [Cu].OS(O)(=O)=O UGWKCNDTYUOTQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035622 drinking Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009428 plumbing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004243 sweat Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZSDSQXJSNMTJDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluralin Chemical compound CCCN(CCC)C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O ZSDSQXJSNMTJDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011179 visual inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003442 weekly effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/04—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of chromium
- C25D3/06—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of chromium from solutions of trivalent chromium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/10—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
- C25D5/12—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals at least one layer being of nickel or chromium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/34—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/38—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of copper
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a composite material with a chromium-containing top layer, a method for its production and its use in particular in the sanitary sector and/or as a component carrying drinking water.
- nickel is also deposited in the area of bores inside the fittings. These nickel layers are not completely covered by the subsequent hexavalent chrome plating. When it comes into contact with drinking water, the potential differences between the chromium oxide layer and the nickel layer cause the nickel to dissolve, which can then get into the drinking water. When the drinking water stagnates, nickel levels are measured that are well above the limit values contained in the Drinking Water Ordinance of June 19, 2020. In fact, the limit of 10 pg nickel per fitting is exceeded for most fittings in the dynamic test bench according to DIN 16058.
- nickel can also escape from nickel-containing sub-layers of other chrome-plated objects and act as a contact allergen, especially from everyday objects that come into contact with the human body or food, such as ballpoint pen clips, grill grates or bread baskets. An increased release of nickel is observed here, particularly in the case of contact with sweat.
- a common alternative for a nickel underlayer in the jewelry and apparel industry is an alloy layer of white bronze containing the alloying ingredients copper and tin.
- the disadvantage of this coating is that it has so far been deposited from cyanide electrolytes and the leveling and degree of gloss are limited. Chromium plating in a chromium bath that contains chromium(VI) compounds is often defective.
- WO 2013/164165 A1 describes composite materials with a chromium top layer that do without a nickel underlayer.
- the chromium layer is deposited from an electrolyte containing hexavalent chromium.
- Three further layers are arranged between the chromium cover layer and the substrate, namely a copper-containing first layer on the substrate, an overlying alloy layer made of copper, tin and/or zinc and a third layer overlying this layer containing chromium, copper, gold, palladium or iron.
- DE 10 2005 041 375 A1 describes a method for producing decorative surface structures on objects, in particular sanitary objects such as fittings and showers, preferably using an intermediate layer containing nickel.
- decorative surfaces are created on the objects, for example by partially removing a metal coating.
- the disadvantage of this method is that the deposition takes place from highly toxic, cyanide electrolytes.
- the object of the present invention to provide an alternative composite material which overcomes the aforementioned disadvantages known from the prior art and is characterized in particular by a simple structure with only a few layers.
- the composite material according to the invention should preferably also be distinguished by good corrosion properties and an attractive luster of the chromium-containing top layer. Furthermore, an environmentally friendly and non-hazardous method for producing the composite material is to be provided.
- the invention solves this problem with the features of the claims and in particular with a composite material with a chromium-containing top layer, comprising an adhesion-promoting layer arranged on a substrate and a chromium-containing top layer arranged on the adhesion-promoting layer, the substrate consisting of a material selected from the group is selected, which includes copper, nickel-free copper alloys, copper-coated plastic, copper-coated steel, and copper-coated zinc die-cast products; the adhesion-promoting layer contains at least 99.9% by weight copper; and the adhesion-promoting layer is arranged directly on the substrate and the covering layer is arranged directly on the side of the adhesion-promoting layer opposite the substrate.
- the composite material is completely free of nickel, i.e. no nickel is contained either in the adhesion-promoting layer or in the chromium-containing top layer. It is very surprising that it is possible to completely dispense with nickel in an underlayer for the chromium-containing top layer, because it is known from the prior art that nickel in the underlayer ensures scratch and abrasion resistance of the overlying chromium-containing layer and this first gives the shine typical of chrome coatings.
- Composite materials known from the prior art with a chromium top layer that are completely nickel-free have to compensate for the loss in scratch and abrasion resistance and gloss associated with dispensing with nickel through a complex manufacturing process that leads to a multi-layered composite material.
- the composite material according to the invention requires only two layers on a substrate and has good corrosion properties and a luster that cannot be distinguished from conventional chromium-containing coatings with a nickel-containing underlayer.
- an adhesion-promoting layer is arranged directly under the chromium-containing top layer, which consists of at least 99.9% by weight and preferably 100% by weight copper.
- Copper is a metal that is contained in any case in the substrate according to the invention, which consists of copper, a nickel-free copper alloy, copper-coated plastic, copper-coated steel or copper-coated zinc die-cast product.
- both the substrate and the adhesion-promoting layer as well as the chromium-containing top layer are free of nickel, so that there is no risk of an increased and thus impermissible release of nickel from the composite material and, in particular in the case of components carrying drinking water, there is no risk of nickel being released into the drinking water .
- the composite material according to the invention therefore readily meets the requirements. ⁇ 17 paragraph 2 of the Drinking Water Ordinance (TrinkwV 2001), i.e. the permissible maximum values specified in this ordinance are undercut by the composite material according to the invention.
- the composite material according to the invention has excellent corrosion stability, because it shows in dynamic test bench tests according to DIN EN 16058 in stagnant water collected over 4 hours, a release of copper below 0.4 mg/L, a release of chromium below 0.2 mg/L, a release of nickel below 0.1 mg/L, a release of zinc below 5 mg/L and release of lead below 4.0 pg/L. More precise measurement results are given below.
- the adhesion-promoting layer preferably has a layer thickness of 5-30 ⁇ m, in particular from 10 to 15 ⁇ m.
- the chromium-containing top layer preferably has a layer thickness of 0.1-0.5 ⁇ m.
- the composite material according to the invention consists of the substrate, the adhesion-promoting layer and the chromium-containing top layer, with the top layer optionally being passivated.
- the invention also relates to a method for producing a composite material with a chromium-containing top layer, which comprises or consists of the following steps: a) Pretreating a substrate to be coated, the substrate consisting of a material selected from the group consisting of copper , copper alloys, copper clad plastic, copper clad steel and copper clad zinc die-cast products; b) electrolytic deposition of an adhesion-promoting layer on the pretreated substrate to be coated, the adhesion-promoting layer containing at least 99.9% by weight copper; c) Electrolytic deposition of a chromium-containing cover layer directly on the side of the adhesion-promoting layer opposite the substrate.
- the step of pretreating the substrate to be coated includes one or more steps selected from the group consisting of degreasing, rinsing, removing superficial buildup, and activating the substrate surface.
- the substrate can be degreased in particular with the assistance of ultrasound and/or at elevated temperature, preferably for a period of 1-10 minutes.
- a temperature of 50 to 95°C is suitable, in particular 80 to 90°C.
- a suitable commercial agent for degreasing with ultrasonic support is the product EKASIT US-90 from KIESOW.
- degreasing can also take place electrolytically, in particular with movement of the substrate and also at elevated temperature, for example at 35 to 70°C, in particular at 40 to 55°C.
- a suitable commercial agent for electrolytic degreasing of the substrate is the product SURFACLEAN V-149 from KIESOW.
- a further preferred step in the pretreatment of a substrate to be coated is the removal of the film, which is preferably carried out while the substrate is being moved and/or at elevated temperature for a period of 1-10 minutes.
- the temperature during film removal is 50 to 95°C, more preferably 70 to 90°C.
- a commercial product suitable for film removal is the product EKASIT BTU-20 from KIESOW.
- Yet another preferred step of pretreating a substrate to be coated is activating the substrate surface. This is particularly preferably done with air being blown in and at room temperature, for example for a period of 1 to 5 minutes.
- a suitable commercial agent for activating the surface of the substrate is the product Activator 5 from KIESOW.
- an adhesion-promoting layer is electrolytically deposited on the pretreated substrate in the method according to the invention, which consists of at least 99.9% by weight and preferably completely of copper.
- the adhesion-promoting layer is preferably deposited on the substrate from a galvanic sulfuric acid copper electrolyte at a temperature of 25 to 35.degree.
- the copper electrolyte contains in particular 45-50 g/L copper, 65-75 g/L sulfuric acid and 80-160 mg/L chloride.
- the electrolyte optionally contains additives for grain refinement, for controlling leveling, for controlling the Degree of gloss and/or to adjust the hardness of the adhesion-promoting layer to be deposited.
- the electrolytic deposition of the adhesion-promoting layer on the substrate is preferably carried out with a current density of 0.5 to 5 A/dm 2 for a period of 15 to 30 minutes, with the substrate being moved in the electrolyte. During this time, the substrate is also preferably repeatedly removed from the electrolyte for short periods of time and then re-immersed.
- the adhesion-promoting layer is obtained as a high-gloss, nickel-free coating from light to dark red in color, which is distinguished not only by a high degree of gloss, but also by a high degree of leveling and increased surface hardness.
- the layer produced also has high ductility and an extremely uniform layer thickness distribution and thus forms an excellently suitable sub-layer for the chromium-containing top layer.
- the chromium-containing cover layer is likewise deposited electrolytically directly on the side of the adhesion-promoting layer opposite the substrate.
- the deposition preferably takes place from a cyanide-free electrolyte that contains chromium exclusively in the form of chromium(III) compounds and thus dispenses with chromium(VI) compounds that are harmful to health and the environment.
- the pH of the electrolyte is preferably pH 3 to 5.
- a commercially available product that can be used as an electrolyte is the product TRISTAR 330 AF from Coventya, which can optionally be modified, in particular by setting a desired pH value.
- the chromium-containing top layer is preferably deposited at about 50 to 60° C. and for a period of about 5-20 minutes, preferably for a period of 7-15 minutes.
- the substrate pre-coated with the adhesion-promoting layer is preferably moved and optionally repeatedly removed from the electrolyte for a short time and then immersed again.
- the chromium-containing top layer is deposited by blowing in air.
- the chromium-containing top layer obtained in this way which preferably has a layer thickness of 0.1 to 0.5 gm, is characterized by very good scattering on profiled parts and by the fact that even at higher current densities no Burning takes place and the generated chromium-containing top layer does not contain any "veils" or similar.
- the surface of the chromium-containing cover layer does not contain any chromium(VI) compounds, this optically corresponds to a surface that was deposited from an electrolyte with hexavalent chromium compounds.
- the method according to the invention has an additional step of passivating the chromium-containing cover layer. This takes place in particular for a period of 1-10 minutes at room temperature or at a slightly elevated temperature, for example at 20-30.degree.
- the composite material according to the invention is obtained by applying the adhesion-promoting layer to a pretreated substrate and applying the chromium-containing top layer to the adhesion-promoting layer, followed by an optional passivation of the surface of the chromium-containing top layer.
- This is optionally cleaned, in particular by rinsing with and/or an ultrasonic treatment in deionized water, followed by drying at elevated temperature (40-90° C.) in oil-free air.
- the composite material produced using the method according to the invention is tarnish-resistant and corrosion-resistant according to DIN EN 248 and, due to the lack of nickel content, cannot trigger any allergies or undesirable skin reactions that are known from composite materials containing nickel.
- the composite material according to the invention without a nickel-containing underlayer cannot be distinguished in terms of gloss, color and feel from a classic composite material with a chromium-containing top layer, which contains nickel in the layer underneath the chromium-containing top layer and in which the chromium contained in the top layer was deposited from an electrolyte , which contains chromium(VI) compounds.
- FIG. Figure 2 shows a diagram of the chromium concentration in stagnant water from fittings coated using the method according to the invention
- Figure 3 shows a diagram of the nickel concentration in stagnant water from fittings coated using the method according to the invention
- Figure 4 shows a diagram of the zinc concentration in stagnant water from using the method according to the invention coated fittings
- FIG. 5 shows a diagram of the lead concentration in stagnant water from fittings coated by the method according to the invention.
- Example 1 Coating of corner valves according to the method according to the invention.
- Corner valves are valves that are installed under a washbasin and are used to shut off the water supply.
- the three corner valves chrome-plated according to the invention were then subjected to a dynamic test bench test according to DIN EN 16058 in order to test their corrosion stability. For this purpose, water was let into the angle valves for a period of four hours at weekly intervals over a period of 14 weeks. This so-called stagnant water was then analyzed for its copper, chromium, nickel, zinc and lead content. The results are shown in FIGS. 1 to 5, with the three angle valves chrome-plated according to the invention being listed as test specimens 1 to 3, respectively. Each chart also includes Results for a blank sample with which the water was examined for its metal content without prior stagnation in order to rule out contamination of the test water with the metals in question.
- the diagram shown in FIG. 1 shows that the copper concentration in the stagnant water increased slightly on average in the first 8 weeks and was around 0.15 mg/L in the last weeks of the observed period.
- the permissible limit value of copper in drinking water is 2 mg/L, but all three test subjects fell well below this value during the entire observation period. Even a concentration of 0.2 mg/L was only exceeded by one test item and only for a period of approx. 4 weeks, so that only a little copper went into solution from the test items.
- the diagram shown in FIG. 2 shows that the chromium concentration in the stagnant water was 0 mg/L for almost the entire observed period, i.e. no or almost no chromium goes into solution from the valves coated according to the invention.
- the diagram shown in FIG. 3 shows that the nickel concentration in the stagnant water increased slightly on average in the first approx. 8 weeks and was approx. 7.0 pg/L in the last weeks of the observed period.
- the permissible limit value of nickel in drinking water is 0.1 mg/L, but all three test subjects fell well below this limit during the entire observation period.
- the reason why nickel was found in the stagnant water at all was that the base body used for the angle valves (the substrate that was coated according to the invention) was made of brass. Brass is a recycled material and therefore also contains traces of nickel. Over time, this dissolves in water, which explains the nickel content determined in the stagnant water. No additional nickel pollution for the drinking water can result from the coating according to the invention, since it is completely free of nickel.
- the diagram shown in FIG. 4 shows that the zinc concentration in the stagnant water increased slightly on average in the first 8 weeks and decreased again in the last few weeks of the period under observation to settle at around 2.5 mg/L. Since the coated substrate (the angle valve) was a substrate made of brass, which is an alloy with the main components copper and zinc, the zinc found in the stagnant water originates from the brass substrate. However, zinc is completely harmless in the concentrations found, which is why the Drinking Water Ordinance does not contain any limit values for zinc in drinking water.
- the diagram shown in FIG. 5 shows that the lead concentration in the stagnant water increased slightly on average in the first approx. 6 weeks and was approx. 3.0 pg/L in the last weeks of the observed period.
- the lead found in the stagnant water also comes from the brass substrate as brass contains lead for better machinability.
- the metal concentration in the drinking water is not increased or not significantly increased by the coating method according to the invention.
- the copper content released from the adhesion-promoting layer and from the brass substrate is far below the prescribed limit.
- No or almost no chromium is released from the chromium-containing top layer, and the other metals released come exclusively from the brass substrate, whereby here too all limit values of the drinking water ordinance with regard to the various metals are complied with or are far below.
- the coating method according to the invention can be used to produce a composite material that visually corresponds to a conventionally coated composite material (with a nickel underlayer and a chromium top layer deposited from a hexavalent chromium electrolyte), but does not, like this, meet the limit values prescribed in the Drinking Water Ordinance, in particular for the nickel concentration in drinking water , exceeds.
- the corrosion resistance of a material or a protective layer on it can be determined with a salt spray test according to DIN EN ISO 9227.
- test specimens were in a chamber for a period of 48 hours in which a 5% NaCl solution with a neutral pH was continuously nebulized at a temperature of 35 °C. This mist settled on the test specimens and covered them with a corrosive salt water film.
- test specimens were rinsed with deionized water and the surface of the specimens was inspected. It was found that the test specimens showed isolated milky spots, which could be wiped off without leaving any residue. None of the test specimens showed any pores, pimples or cracks in the coating. There was also no detachment of the coating.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
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- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102021118513 | 2021-07-17 | ||
| PCT/EP2022/069779 WO2023001696A1 (de) | 2021-07-17 | 2022-07-14 | Verbundwerkstoff bestehend aus substrat mit haftvermittelnder kupferschicht und chromhaltiger deckschicht und verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4263211A1 true EP4263211A1 (de) | 2023-10-25 |
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ID=82851618
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22754007.7A Pending EP4263211A1 (de) | 2021-07-17 | 2022-07-14 | Verbundwerkstoff bestehend aus substrat mit haftvermittelnder kupferschicht und chromhaltiger deckschicht und verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4263211A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN117677492A (de) |
| RS (1) | RS20240060A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2023001696A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1126215B (de) * | 1954-07-31 | 1962-03-22 | Semotal S A | Verfahren zur galvanischen Herstellung von Flachdruckplatten |
| DE102005041375A1 (de) | 2005-08-29 | 2007-03-01 | Hansgrohe Ag | Verfahren zur Erzeugung dekorativer Oberflächenstrukturen |
| EP1826296B1 (de) * | 2006-02-27 | 2011-01-26 | HDO -Druckguss- und Oberflächentechnik GmbH | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines geprägten und galvanisierten Druckgussbauteils |
| CN101096769A (zh) * | 2006-06-26 | 2008-01-02 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | 一种电镀方法 |
| CN102421929A (zh) * | 2009-05-08 | 2012-04-18 | 高仪股份公司 | 卫生器具 |
| KR101183947B1 (ko) * | 2010-05-14 | 2012-09-18 | (주)지오데코 | 금속표면처리방법 |
| EP2460908A1 (de) * | 2010-12-03 | 2012-06-06 | Grohe AG | Sanitägegenstand |
| DE102012008544A1 (de) * | 2012-05-02 | 2013-11-07 | Umicore Galvanotechnik Gmbh | Verchromte Verbundwerkstoffe ohne Nickelschicht |
| ITBS20120096A1 (it) * | 2012-06-26 | 2013-12-27 | C. | Procedimento per la realizzazione di un componente di valvolame o di rubinetteria |
| EP3299497A1 (de) * | 2016-09-27 | 2018-03-28 | ATOTECH Deutschland GmbH | Verfahren zur behandlung einer chromoberfläche |
| EP3360989B1 (de) * | 2017-02-13 | 2018-12-26 | ATOTECH Deutschland GmbH | Verfahren zur elektrolytischen passivierung einer äussersten chrom- oder äussersten chromlegierungsschicht zur erhöhung der korrosionsbeständigkeit davon |
-
2022
- 2022-07-14 RS RS20240060A patent/RS20240060A1/sr unknown
- 2022-07-14 EP EP22754007.7A patent/EP4263211A1/de active Pending
- 2022-07-14 CN CN202280050557.9A patent/CN117677492A/zh not_active Withdrawn
- 2022-07-14 WO PCT/EP2022/069779 patent/WO2023001696A1/de not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| RS20240060A1 (sr) | 2024-04-30 |
| CN117677492A (zh) | 2024-03-08 |
| WO2023001696A1 (de) | 2023-01-26 |
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