EP4264890A2 - Kommunikationssystem für eine landwirtschaftliche maschine und verfahren zur herstellung einer landwirtschaftlichen maschine - Google Patents
Kommunikationssystem für eine landwirtschaftliche maschine und verfahren zur herstellung einer landwirtschaftlichen maschineInfo
- Publication number
- EP4264890A2 EP4264890A2 EP21840847.4A EP21840847A EP4264890A2 EP 4264890 A2 EP4264890 A2 EP 4264890A2 EP 21840847 A EP21840847 A EP 21840847A EP 4264890 A2 EP4264890 A2 EP 4264890A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- communication system
- main control
- control device
- designed
- agricultural machine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
- H04L12/40—Bus networks
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B69/00—Steering of agricultural machines or implements; Guiding agricultural machines or implements on a desired track
- A01B69/007—Steering or guiding of agricultural vehicles, e.g. steering of the tractor to keep the plough in the furrow
- A01B69/008—Steering or guiding of agricultural vehicles, e.g. steering of the tractor to keep the plough in the furrow automatic
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
- H04L12/40—Bus networks
- H04L2012/40267—Bus for use in transportation systems
- H04L2012/40273—Bus for use in transportation systems the transportation system being a vehicle
Definitions
- the invention relates to a communication system for an agricultural machine and an agricultural machine with such a communication system.
- the invention also relates to a manufacturing method of such an agricultural machine.
- Communication systems currently used in agricultural machines usually have several job computers (computer units) with a master and one or more slaves, with each job computer also having I/Os, i. H. Input / output interfaces for appropriate sensors, actuators, etc. has. So that the various job computers can coordinate and synchronize their processes and exchange necessary data with one another, they communicate via a CAN bus.
- a special standard, the ISOBUS was developed for communication between agricultural machinery and a tractor or a standardized human-machine interface.
- the man-machine interface in the ISOBUS standard is called Virtual Terminal (VT) or Universal Terminal (UT).
- ISOBUS is the common name for agricultural data bus applications that conform to the ISO 11783 standard.
- this standard defines the physical properties such as connectors and cables, secondly the type of participants and thirdly the data formats and interfaces of the network.
- the basis is the protocols SAE J1939 and NMEA-2000. Typical data transmission rates are around 250 kbit/s, while the transmission rates for a CAN data bus are between 125 kbit/s and 1000 kbit/s.
- a simplified architecture and/or a communication system with a higher bandwidth is to be made available.
- a first general aspect of the invention relates to a communication system for an agricultural machine (agricultural machine).
- the communication system includes a main control device, which is designed as a central computing and control unit for controlling machine functions of the agricultural machine. Such machine functions can be, for example, switching on and off and controlling agricultural distribution and/or processing processes with precise positioning.
- the main control device has at least one Ethernet interface for connection to an Ethernet data network.
- An Ethernet data network is a technology known per se that specifies software (protocols, etc.) and hardware (cables, splitters, network cards, etc.) for wired data networks.
- the Ethernet interface can be used to send and/or receive data via the Ethernet data network when controlling machine functions.
- the communication system also includes at least one auxiliary operating component, which is designed to carry out an operating function of the agricultural machine that is assigned to it.
- the operating function assigned to an auxiliary operating component preferably covers only part of the total working functions of the agricultural machine, while the main control device serves as a higher-level control device for controlling and/or regulating the working functions.
- the auxiliary operating component can be designed to carry out the assigned operating function independently and/or as a function of control data from the main control device.
- the secondary operating component can perform tasks and functions independently and/or be controlled directly by the main control device or provide its resources and functionality to the main control device.
- the at least one auxiliary operation component has at least one Ethernet interface for connection to the Ethernet data network, which in turn can be used to send and/or receive data via an Ethernet data network when controlling machine functions.
- a particular advantage of the communication system according to the invention is that an Ethernet-based communication for controlling machine functions of the agricultural Machine is made possible, which is far superior to CAN data bus or ISOBUS-based communication systems in terms of the data rates that can be achieved. This enables agricultural machine functions that require fast processing of large amounts of data.
- Another advantage is that due to the fast Ethernet-based communication, a large part of the control logic for carrying out the agricultural work processes, such as e.g. B. application and distribution of liquid or solid active substances or seeds or the implementation of soil cultivation, can be centralized in a control unit, which is referred to as the main control device.
- the main control device can expediently control one or more of the auxiliary operating components via the Ethernet data network.
- the auxiliary operation components can be implemented as more efficient network nodes or control units in comparison to the job computers arranged distributed in a conventional ISOBUS-based communication system.
- the communication system also includes an Ethernet data network.
- the main control device and the at least one auxiliary operating component can be in communication connection via the Ethernet data network.
- the communication system could have a CAN, ISOBUS and/or a Local Interconnect Network, LIN, data bus via which the main control device and the at least one auxiliary operating component is/are in communication connection.
- the main control device and the at least one auxiliary operation component each have at least one of the following data communication interfaces in addition to the Ethernet interface: a CAN interface for connection to a CAN data bus, an ISOBUS interface for connection to an ISOBUS data bus and a LIN interface for connection to a LIN bus (hereinafter referred to as CAN, ISOBUS and/or a LIN interface).
- the main control device and the at least one auxiliary operating component are technically capable of Ethernet-based communication, but the function is actually not (yet) used.
- Such an embodiment is conceivable and useful for variants of a communication system at the beginning of an introduction of a new Ethernet-based system architecture, if z. B. not all or hardly any ancillary components, z. B. from third-party providers, have been converted to Ethernet-based, so that the communication for the time being via z. B. takes place a CAN data bus. This will make it easier to switch to Ethernet-based communication in the future. If control or a control device is discussed in this document, this should also include regulation and a control device.
- the main control device can be designed to control working units of the respective agricultural machine, for example by processing corresponding control or regulation programs and algorithms or by collecting operating parameters and/or field cultivation parameters and possibly processing and evaluating them.
- the main control device can also be designed to control one or more of the ancillary components and/or the second ancillary components, which are described below, e.g. B. in that data for controlling the respective ancillary components are sent to the ancillary components and / or the second ancillary components via the Ethernet data network and / or another data bus.
- the main control device can also be designed to bring together the increasingly large amounts of process and status data from work processes of the agricultural machine that are occurring during operation of the agricultural machine for documentation and analysis purposes, e.g. B. to transfer them to an external server.
- the main control device can also serve as the central communication server of the communication system.
- the main control device can also be designed to provide telemetry, telematics and/or diagnostic functionality of the agricultural machine.
- the main control device can have a data communication interface, which is a CAN interface, preferably a CAN interface according to the CAN 2.0A, CAN 2nd OB, or CAN-FD standard.
- a data communication interface which is an ISOBUS interface or a high-speed ISOBUS interface. This offers the advantage that the main control device can also communicate with devices that e.g. B. are (only) ISOBUS compatible, e.g. B. with a control terminal (VT).
- the main control device can have a data communication interface which is a Local Interconnect Network, LIN, bus interface. Accordingly, devices equipped with a LIN bus interface can be integrated.
- LIN Local Interconnect Network
- the communication system can have a CAN BUS, ISOBUS and/or LIN bus data network.
- Wired auxiliary components can be connected using CAN, ISOBUS or LIN interfaces.
- the main control device can thus according to the above mentioned embodiments centrally control the communication with different data networks and network components arranged therein.
- the Ethernet interfaces of the main control device and/or of auxiliary operating components of the communication system can be designed as high-speed ISOBUS interfaces.
- the Ethernet data network can be an Ethernet data network implementation according to 100BASE-TX, 1000BASE-T, 100BASE-T1 or 1000BASE-T1.
- the communication system can also have a mobile radio interface and/or at least one wireless short-range connection interface, for example a WLAN or a Bluetooth interface.
- a mobile radio interface and/or at least one wireless short-range connection interface for example a WLAN or a Bluetooth interface.
- This can be used to connect wireless ancillary components.
- Software updates can also be transmitted via these wireless interfaces.
- These additional wireless interfaces can be integrated into the main control device, which enables a particularly compact design.
- the mobile radio interface and/or at least one wireless short-range connection interface can be provided by one of the at least one ancillary components.
- an ancillary component can be provided whose task is to provide the wireless interfaces of the communication system for the external wireless communication.
- These ancillary components can e.g. B. wired communication technology with the main control device.
- This embodiment variant offers the advantage that the functionality of the wireless communication can be encapsulated in a dedicated network component, which is advantageous in terms of development with regard to the rapidly changing communication standard.
- the cellular interface may be an interface implemented according to a Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standard, e.g. 3GPP 3G, 3GPP LTE, 3GPP 4G, 3GPP 5G New Radio or a successor thereof.
- 3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project
- the WLAN interface may be embodied according to a WLAN standard according to the IEEE 802.11 family of standards.
- Unix or a Unix derivative preferably Linux is installed as the operating system on the main control device.
- Unix or a Unix derivative preferably Linux
- the main control device is set up in terms of programming to use a plurality of processor cores.
- the main control device can thus have a multi-core processor (multi-core CPU) or multiple multi-core processors (multi-core CPUs) on the hardware side.
- the main control device can be set up in terms of programming to divide its control tasks into a number of subtasks that are assigned to different processor cores for processing.
- This embodiment thus enables a particularly high-performance execution of complex agricultural work processes, for example those in which cameras are used to generate image data of the area of land to be worked and/or the plant population, which is evaluated in real time in order to, depending on the evaluation, work processes of the agricultural to control the machine.
- the main control device can have a first application core, which is designed to control the machine functions, in order to use the multiple processor cores.
- the first application core thus bundles functionality of the main control device, which on the hardware side is assigned to its own processor core for processing.
- the main control device can also have a number of different types of application cores for using the number of processor cores, e.g. B. Application cores and real-time cores.
- the main control device can have, for example, at least one of the following additional application cores in order to use the multiple processor cores: a second application core, a security core and a real-time core.
- first application core e.g. B. first application core, second application core, security core, real-time core
- this is understood to mean a functionality of the agricultural machine that is encapsulated in terms of programming or software in the main control device, which is assigned to a separate core of the multiprocessor core or a separate processor (CPU) for processing on the hardware side.
- the second application core can provide a specific partial functionality of the agricultural machine.
- the second application core can form a telematics and/or diagnostics functionality of the agricultural machine.
- the second application core can be designed to process camera data of the agricultural machine. This can improve the performance of the communication system.
- the safety core can be designed to override the control of the agricultural machine and/or at least one actuator of the agricultural machine, which performs a safety-relevant movement in terms of functional safety, by the first application core and the agricultural machine and/or to transfer the at least one actuator to a safe operating state in terms of functional safety.
- the real-time kernel can be designed to control selected machine functions of the agricultural machine in real-time or essentially without latency.
- the real-time core can be run on its own core of a multi-core processor.
- the real-time core can be implemented on a separate processor, for example using a real-time operating system or without an operating system using what is known as bare-metal programming.
- the security kernel is implemented as a real-time kernel. This enables real-time execution of security functions.
- the main control device is designed to carry out a software update of an auxiliary operating component at a predeterminable point in time and in doing so to update the software to transfer software to be updated from the main control device via the Ethernet data network to the auxiliary operating component.
- the Ethernet data network enables high-speed data transmission for this purpose, so that time-consuming and error-prone flashing of the control units can be avoided.
- the main control device updates the software via a wireless interface, e.g. B. a mobile radio interface or a WLAN interface, so "over-the-air" receives, and then transmits via the Ethernet data network to one or more of the ancillary components. In this way, for example.
- a manufacturer of agricultural machinery centrally Deploy software updates.
- the communication system can be designed to encrypt the communication via the Ethernet interfaces and/or to secure access to the communication system with the aid of digital certificates.
- the main control device is designed to centrally access all data communication interfaces in the communication system for tracing and/or logging and to provide the data recorded via them for diagnostic purposes.
- security can be increased and the diagnostic options can be improved.
- the at least one auxiliary operation component has an auxiliary operation component which is designed as an input and output module, each having at least one input connection for connecting a sensor and at least one output connection for connecting an actuator.
- the auxiliary operation component thus represents what is known as an I/O module, which has one or more different communication interfaces.
- an I/O module can have analog and digital inputs and outputs, in addition to the Ethernet interface, for connecting sensors and actuators, etc.
- An embodiment is advantageous here in which all sensors and actuators of the agricultural machine are in communication with the main control device via one or more auxiliary operating components designed as input and output modules.
- the main control device can have no analog inputs and no analog outputs.
- the main control device can only have an indirect communication connection with sensors and actuators of the agricultural machine, preferably via one or more auxiliary operating components designed as an input and output module.
- an actuator can be activated and/or sensor data from a sensor of the agricultural machine can be read in exclusively by one or more auxiliary operating components designed as input and output modules, which are designed to control and/or read in independently or dependently of control commands generated by the main control device.
- the main control device does not have any inputs and outputs for directly connecting actuators and sensors, but functions as a separate computing unit and only has data interfaces for communication with the auxiliary components. Executing activities such as controlling and regulating actuators or reading back from sensors are then taken over by the ancillary components to which these actuators and sensors are connected. These can act as so-called slaves, which are controlled accordingly by the main control device acting as a master.
- a more modular and better scalable system architecture of the communication system can be achieved by means of the aspects mentioned above.
- the main control device may have no analog inputs and no analog outputs.
- the at least one auxiliary operating component has an auxiliary operating component which is coupled to the main control device according to the master-slave principle, such that the auxiliary operating component is set up to send data on its operating state to the main control device and to send control signals from the main control device receive. All ancillary components can be coupled to the main control device according to the master-slave principle.
- the at least one auxiliary operating component has an auxiliary operating component which is designed to perform a safety function in terms of functional safety and/or, if a safety-critical situation exists, to control the agricultural machine or at least one actuator of the agricultural machine which performs a safety-relevant movement in terms of functional safety, within the framework of a Priority control to a safe operating state in terms of functional safety.
- administration and documentation costs can be reduced, because these are only incurred through the encapsulation of the functionality in the form of a separate ancillary component if changes to this ancillary component are necessary, but not to the other ancillary components or the main control device if they do not have safety functions within the meaning of the implement functional safety.
- the communication system can have a network distributor of the Ethernet data network, which is formed by an ancillary component.
- a network distributor of the Ethernet data network can be integrated into the main control device, or the network distributor or a function as a network switch can be integrated into one or more of the auxiliary operating components as an additional function.
- the at least one ancillary component has an ancillary component which is only indirectly connected to the main control device for communication via at least one additional ancillary component via the Ethernet data network.
- the at least one ancillary operation component has an ancillary operation component which has at least one of the following data communication interfaces: a CAN interface, an ISOBUS interface and a LIN interface.
- the communication system can also have at least one second auxiliary operation component that does not have an Ethernet interface, but instead has at least one of the has the following data communication interfaces: a CAN data bus interface, an ISOBUS interface and a LIN interface.
- Such second auxiliary operating components can be connected in terms of communication technology to the main operating component directly via a CAN data bus, ISOBUS and/or LIN bus.
- such second ancillary components can be in communication with an ancillary component that has an Ethernet interface and at least one CAN, ISOBUS or LIN interface, which in turn is in communication with the main control device via its Ethernet interface.
- the second auxiliary operating component is therefore only indirectly in communication with the main control device.
- legacy components i.e. components that do not have an Ethernet interface, can be integrated into the communication system
- the communication system is designed to receive position information from a position determination device, preferably from a GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) position determination device, the position determination device being designed to determine a current position of the agricultural machine.
- the position determination device can include one or more GNSS antennas, preferably GPS antennas. It is possible here for the main control device and/or one or more of the auxiliary operating components to be functionally coupled to the position determination device, i. H. stand or can be brought into signal connection with this, so that position information (position signals) can be transmitted from the position determining device to the main control device and/or to the corresponding auxiliary operating components.
- the main control device can be designed to control switching on and off of distribution and/or processing processes as a function of the received position information.
- the at least one ancillary operation component can have an ancillary operation component (or more) that is designed to control switching on and off of distribution and/or processing processes depending on the received position information. Switching on and off is preferably switching on and off with precise positioning.
- the main control device and/or one or more of the auxiliary operating components can be designed to control manual switching on and off of distribution and/or processing processes depending on a user input and have a signal connection to an input device for detecting the user input and/or or be deliverable.
- a reaction time for the respective signal transmission for controlling the switching on and off of distribution and/or processing processes, as described above, can be significantly accelerated by the Ethernet-based communication of the communication system.
- the components of the agricultural machine that are switched on and off can be spray nozzles, dosing devices and/or the like.
- the main control device and/or the auxiliary operating component for controlling the switching on and off of distribution and/or treatment processes can be designed to control spray nozzles for dispensing a liquid active substance and/or dosing devices for dispensing a granular material to be distributed.
- the communication system can have an artificial intelligence module, KI module, also referred to as a KI module.
- KI module can be part of the main control device.
- the Kl module can be set up to process, in particular to evaluate, data from cameras (e.g. plant detection, person recognition, etc.) or other sensors for monitoring the surrounding area, with the Kl module using machine learning methods for this purpose, preferably using an artificial neural network.
- the communication system can also have a monitoring module which is part of the main control device or has a signal connection with it and is designed to receive environment data from at least one camera for environment detection and/or environment sensors and to process it for environment monitoring.
- a monitoring module which is part of the main control device or has a signal connection with it and is designed to receive environment data from at least one camera for environment detection and/or environment sensors and to process it for environment monitoring.
- the monitoring module is designed as an artificial intelligence module, AI module, which, for monitoring the surroundings, evaluates the surroundings data using methods of machine learning, preferably using an artificial neural network.
- AI module which, for monitoring the surroundings, evaluates the surroundings data using methods of machine learning, preferably using an artificial neural network.
- the monitoring module can receive image data from a camera arranged on the agricultural machine for detecting the surroundings, and the selection device can be designed to receive a digital image captured by the camera and by means of AI-based image recognition evaluate to detect obstacles, rows of plants, lanes and/or other objects important to agricultural soil or crop treatment.
- training data z. B. data can be used that are generated by the camera using the agricultural machine during test crossings of agricultural areas, and in which the objects to be recognized by means of AI-based object recognition are each manually classified in order to train the AI module.
- a second general aspect of the invention relates to an agricultural machine that has a communication system as described in this document.
- the agricultural machine can be an agricultural machine for agricultural soil or plant treatment, for example an agricultural spreading machine such as a field sprayer, a pneumatic fertilizer spreader or a seeder.
- the agricultural machine can also be an agricultural tillage machine.
- the agricultural machine for agricultural soil or plant treatment can be designed as a towed attachment.
- the agricultural machine can also be an agricultural utility vehicle combination, having a towing vehicle that is designed as a tractor and a towed attachment.
- the tractor can have a communication system that is different from the towed attachment; for example, in one embodiment variant, only the towed attachment can have a communication system, as is described in this document.
- the communication system according to the invention can be implemented exclusively in the towed attachment, for example a towed distribution machine.
- the agricultural utility vehicle combination can have an autonomous tractor, as well as a towed implement for agricultural soil or plant treatment.
- the autonomous tractor can be used to autonomously navigate the commercial vehicle combination on an agricultural area.
- the agricultural utility vehicle combination can have a communication system as described in this document, with the main control device of the communication system being arranged exclusively on the tractor or on the towed implement and the at least one auxiliary operating component can include auxiliary operating components which are Towing vehicle are arranged and includes ancillary components that are arranged on the towed implement.
- the agricultural utility vehicle combination can have two communication systems according to the invention, with a first communication system being assigned spatially and functionally to the tractor and a second communication system being assigned spatially and functionally to the towed implement.
- the agricultural utility vehicle combination which has an autonomous tractor, can have the following additional aspects, each of which is optional:
- the utility vehicle combination can have a joint that articulates the tractor with the implement; a steering actuator device, by means of which a position of the joint for steering the commercial vehicle combination can be adjusted; a position determination device, preferably a GNSS position determination device, the position determination device being designed to determine a current position of the commercial vehicle combination; and a control unit configured to operate the steering actuator device depending on a predetermined travel route line and the determined current position.
- the predetermined travel route line can preferably have a plurality of parallel lanes to be traveled in succession, with at least two adjacent lanes being connected to one another at the end by means of a headland.
- the webs can be straight at least in sections and/or curved at least in sections.
- the implement can be moved between a working position and a transport position.
- the implement In the transport position, the implement can protrude over the joint counter to a forward travel direction of the commercial vehicle combination.
- the implement In the transport position, the implement preferably also protrudes over the steering actuator device and/or the towing vehicle, counter to the forward direction of travel.
- the agricultural utility vehicle combination can enable a particularly compact transport position of the utility vehicle combination, with which the utility vehicle combination can be moved, for example, on public roads.
- Utilizing the space above the joint can also allow the implement to have a large working width in the working position and/or a construction that allows the implement to be converted between the working position and the transport position can be set up comparatively easily, since, for example, less moving bare segments must be provided.
- Each of these advantages can be further enhanced by using a space above the steering actuator device and the tractor by the portion of the implement in the transport position.
- the realization of the main control device according to the invention as a central control device with Ethernet interface offers the possibility of changing the respective machine configuration of the agricultural machine produced during production by means of an interface, for example, from an ERP system or by means of a computer unit of a production line, e.g. B. Bandendetool to transfer to the main control device.
- an interface for example, from an ERP system or by means of a computer unit of a production line, e.g. B. Bandendetool to transfer to the main control device.
- a third general aspect of the invention relates to a method of manufacturing an agricultural machine as described in this document.
- the procedure includes the following steps:
- Manufacturing an agricultural machine with a specific machine configuration with control software stored in an ERP system or in a computer of a production line for manufacturing the agricultural machine for controlling the agricultural machine being selected and/or parameterized as a function of the specific machine configuration and being controlled by the ERP system or the production line computer into the main control device.
- FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of an agricultural machine with a communication system according to an embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a communication system according to an embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of an agricultural utility vehicle combination with a working device in a working position according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of an agricultural machine with a communication system 2 according to an embodiment of the invention.
- the agricultural machine is a self-propelled agricultural field sprayer here, merely by way of example.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a communication system 2 according to an embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 2 shows five interconnected communication systems, which are described in more detail below.
- the system boundaries are each illustrated with dash-dot lines, with the individual areas or individual communication systems being identified by the letters A to E.
- An agricultural machine 1 can be equipped with the communication system 2, shown in area B, for example.
- the communication system 2 includes an Ethernet data network 3, which can be embodied, for example, as a 100BASE-TX, 1000BASE-T, 100BASE-T1, or 1000BASE-T1 Ethernet.
- the communication system 2 also includes a main control device 4, which is designed as a central arithmetic and control unit for controlling machine functions, such as preferably switching distribution and/or machining processes on and off with precise positioning.
- the main control device 4 comprises several different data communication interfaces. These include at least one Ethernet interface 6 for connection to an Ethernet data network 3, a CAN interface 8 for connection to a CAN data bus 13 and an ISOBUS interface 7 for connection to an ISOBUS data bus 10.
- the main control device 4 can also have a LIN interface (not shown) for connection to a LIN bus.
- the communication system 2 also includes a number of auxiliary operating components 5, which have at least one Ethernet interface 6 and can perform different functions and are referenced by the reference symbols 5a to 5d (instead of the reference symbol 5) depending on the function.
- the main control device 4 controls several of the connected n ancillary components 5. This activation can take place according to the master-slave principle, with the main control device performing the function of the master and the secondary operating components performing the function of the slaves.
- Both the main control device 4 and the auxiliary operating components 5 or 5a to 5d are thus connected to the Ethernet data network 3 and each have at least one Ethernet interface 6 for connection to the Ethernet data network 3 for this purpose.
- the Ethernet interface 6 serves as a data communication interface for sending and/or receiving data via the Ethernet data network 3, e.g. B. when controlling machine functions.
- the communication system 2 also includes a plurality of second auxiliary components 14, which are either directly in communication with the main control device 4 via a CAN data network 13 or via a CAN data network 13 in communication with one of the auxiliary components 5d, which have both an Ethernet interface 6 and also have a CAN interface 8 .
- the second ancillary components 14 do not have to have an Ethernet interface.
- one or more of the second auxiliary operation components 14 can have an LIN interface.
- the dashed lines show two such CAN databus-based subsystems 15 made up of second auxiliary operating components 14, which are part of the communication system 2 (shown in area B).
- This can involve conventional control devices and/or job computers that have not yet been converted to the Ethernet standard and can therefore be advantageously integrated into a new Ethernet system architecture.
- the main control device 4 is a computer on which Unix or a Unix derivative, preferably Linux, is installed as the operating system.
- the auxiliary operating components 5 and the second auxiliary operating components 14 can carry out their function or operating function depending on control data from the main control device 4 or can also carry out some of them independently.
- the main control device 4 thus serves as a central controller for the working operation of the agricultural machine and, for this purpose, controls at least some of the auxiliary operating components 5 and the second auxiliary operating components 14 .
- the main control device thus serves as a "high-performance computer" in the present case, which can control various auxiliary operating components, and could in principle also be installed on a commercially available high-performance Linux-based PC.
- the main control device 4 has further data communication interfaces in addition to the Ethernet interfaces.
- this is an ISOBUS interface 7 via which ISOBUS-compatible components can be connected.
- an ISOBUS-based communication system 40 shown in area A of FIG. 2 of another agricultural vehicle, e.g. B: a tractor, tied up. If e.g. B. the communication system 2 is installed in an agricultural machine that is pulled by another agricultural machine, such as a tractor, z. B. via the ISOBUS interface 7, the Ethernet-based communication system 2 can be connected to an ISOBUS data bus 10 and to the operator terminal (VT) of the tractor.
- VT operator terminal
- the communication system 2 also includes a mobile radio interface 9a and a wireless short-range connection interface, for example a WLAN interface 9b.
- the wireless interfaces 9a and 9b are not integrated into the main control device 4 here, although this is alternatively possible, but are provided by an auxiliary operating component 5a.
- the wireless interfaces 9a, 9b are thus provided remotely in the dedicated ancillary component 5a, with the ancillary component 5a being in communication with the main control device 4, e.g. B. via an Ethernet connection or wirelessly (represented by the dashed arrow).
- the entire wireless data traffic of the communication system 2 with external units is preferably implemented via the wireless interfaces 9a and 9b.
- an external wireless component 30, e.g. B. a tablet computer, are connected, which is shown in sub-area E of Figure 2.
- a further auxiliary component 5b of the communication system 2 is designated by the reference symbol 5b and acts as a network distributor of the Ethernet data network 3, which is formed by an auxiliary component 5b or is integrated into the main control device.
- Auxiliary components which are in the form of input and output modules, so-called I/O modules, are designated by the reference symbols 5c and 5d.
- I/O modules have one or more different communication interfaces.
- an I/O module typically has analog and digital inputs and outputs, e.g. B. Inputs for connecting sensors and outputs for connecting actuators that are to be controlled for agricultural work processes.
- the second auxiliary operation components 14 are likewise CAN-based I/O modules.
- the main control device 4 is thus distinguished in comparison to conventional job computers in that no sensors, actuators or the like are directly connected to the main control device 4 is connected. Instead, this takes place at separate network nodes, the ancillary components 5c, 5d or the second ancillary components 14. Alternatively or additionally, it is also possible for one or more of the second ancillary components 14 to be designed as a network-enabled sensor and/or actuator and to be in communication with the main control device 4 stands.
- the ancillary components 5d differ from the ancillary components 5c in that they have a CAN interface 8 to which the second ancillary components are connected.
- auxiliary operating components 5 or 5c or 5d or the second auxiliary operating components 14 can be designed to provide a safety function in terms of functional safety.
- These components can e.g. B. recognize the existence of a safety-critical situation, z. B. on the basis of certain sensor values, and if there is a safety-critical situation, the control of the agricultural machine or at least one actuator of the agricultural machine, which performs a safety-relevant movement in terms of functional safety, is transferred to a safe operating state in terms of functional safety as part of priority control .
- a communication system 50 of an agricultural machine that cannot be operated independently can be connected to the communication system 2, cf. section C of FIG.
- the communication system 50 does not contain its own main control device, but only an ancillary operation component 5d with an Ethernet interface 6 for connection to the communication system 2 and a CAN interface 8, to which in turn a subsystem of several second ancillary operation components 14 with CAN interfaces 8 of the communication system 50 are connected.
- the communication system 2 has an interface 12, the z. B. can be provided in the form of a socket to connect the communication system 50 of the agricultural machine that cannot be operated independently, so that the agricultural machine that cannot be operated independently or its ancillary components can be controlled by the main control device 4 via the connected communication system 50.
- a further interface 11 can, for example, also be operated independently in principle
- the communication system 20 of the third-party machine now also has a main control device 4 , a number of auxiliary components 5 with Ethernet interfaces and a number of second auxiliary components 14 with a CAN interface 8 . It can thus be interconnected two communication systems according to the invention 2 and 20 to z. B. data between two agricultural machines and to z. B. to coordinate joint work processes.
- the ancillary components 5 or some of the ancillary components 5 can have a CAN interface 8 in addition to the Ethernet interface 6 (represented by the ancillary components 5d in FIG. 2).
- the ancillary components z. B. have an ISOBUS interface or a LIN bus interface.
- the main control device 4 can optionally be designed to centrally access all data communication interfaces 6, 7, 9a, 9b and 13 in the communication system 2 for tracing and/or for logging and to provide the data recorded about it for diagnostic purposes.
- Corresponding tracing or logging can be implemented using standardized program libraries for Unix or Linux systems.
- the main control device 4 is equipped with a multiprocessor core and/or with at least two separately programmable CPUs.
- the main control device 4 has multiple processor cores of different types, i.e. the functionality of the main control device 4 is divided into partial functionalities, which are each implemented on the software side in such a way that they are each executed by different processor cores on the hardware side.
- the main control device 4 can have its own "safety core", which bundles the safety functions of the agricultural machine, preferably safety functions in the sense of functional safety.
- a real-time core can also be provided, which executes time-critical functions Real-time operating system (RTOS) are implemented.
- the real-time kernel can be designed to control selected machine functions of the agricultural machine in real time or essentially without latency.
- the safety kernel is implemented as a real-time kernel. This enables real-time execution of safety functions .
- a communication system 2 implemented on an Ethernet basis with a main control device 4 implemented on Unix or a Unix derivative also offers the advantage that when producing the agricultural machines, the control software assigned to the respective machine configuration, which is to be implemented on the hardware of the main control device 4, for example by means of an interface from an enterprise resource planning, ERP, system or by means of a computer unit of a production line (e.g. end of line tool) in the main control device 4 can be transferred.
- the control software assigned to the respective machine configuration which is to be implemented on the hardware of the main control device 4 for example by means of an interface from an enterprise resource planning, ERP, system or by means of a computer unit of a production line (e.g. end of line tool) in the main control device 4 can be transferred.
- ERP enterprise resource planning
- a production line e.g. end of line tool
- FIG. 3 shows an agricultural utility vehicle combination 31.
- the agricultural utility vehicle combination 31 has an autonomously operable power car or an autonomously operable tractor 32 and an implement 34 pulled by the tractor 32. It is possible that the implement 34 can be uncoupled from the tractor 32, e.g. B. for coupling another implement to the tractor 32.
- the tractor 32 is preferably designed without a driver's cab or driver's cab / driver's cab. The tractor 32 can be operated autonomously without a driver.
- the tractor 32 can have locomotion elements or traction elements 36 and an environment detection sensor system 38 .
- the locomotion elements 16 can be designed, for example, as track chain drives or caterpillar drives, as shown in the figures. For the sake of clarity, only the crawler chain or caterpillar chain is shown in the figures, without showing a drive wheel or a deflection wheel, for example.
- the tractor 12 can have a drive train that drives the locomotion elements 16 .
- the drive train can, for example, have an internal combustion engine, an electric motor or a diesel-electric drive. Other drive concepts are also conceivable.
- the surroundings detection sensor system 18 is designed to determine or detect obstacles and/or elements present in the surroundings of the agricultural utility vehicle combination 10 .
- the environment detection sensor system 18 can be designed in such a way that it can detect an environment in the direction of travel in front of and optionally next to the towing vehicle 12 .
- the surroundings can preferably be detected over an entire working width of the implement 14 .
- obstacles such as trees, bushes, other plant obstacles and/or elements and the like can be detected, but preferably also living beings such as animals and/or people.
- the environment detection sensor system 38 can have, for example, a laser scanner and/or a camera system with, for example, a 3D thermal imaging camera. Alternatively or additionally, the environment detection sensor system 38 can have at least one 3D camera and/or at least one 3D scanner and/or at least one 3D rig. The environment detection sensor system 38 can alternatively or additionally have at least one infrared sensor. It is possible for the environment detection sensor system 38 to have at least two environment sensors. The two environment sensors can preferably be designed to detect different objects. For example, signals from both environment sensors can thus be evaluated by a control unit of the agricultural utility vehicle combination 31, e.g. B. as a composite or joint image or generally in the form of an evaluation of a sensor fusion.
- a control unit of the agricultural utility vehicle combination 31 e.g. B. as a composite or joint image or generally in the form of an evaluation of a sensor fusion.
- the two surroundings sensors can preferably detect different physical properties, from which, for example, an evaluation of a type of detected obstacle or element then takes place.
- the type can be evaluated here, for example, in such a way that a statement is possible as to whether the detected obstacle or element is a living being (yes/no), an animal (yes/no), a person (yes/no) etc. acts. It is also possible that such an evaluation is already possible using a single environment sensor, e.g. B. with a 3D camera and appropriate image recognition algorithms.
- the implement 34 is articulated to the tractor 32 .
- the articulated connection has a joint 33 .
- the joint 33 can allow rotation about a vertical axis.
- the vertical axis can run through the joint 33 .
- the vertical axis can be essentially perpendicular to a horizontal plane.
- the vertical axis can be essentially perpendicular to a longitudinal axis and to a transverse axis of the commercial vehicle combination 31 (the tractor 32 or the implement 34).
- the joint 33 preferably has a swivel joint, articulated joint and/or universal joint.
- the utility vehicle combination 31 has a steering actuator device for steering.
- the steering actuator device can have at least one piston-cylinder unit, for example.
- the steering actuator device can, for example, be operated electromagnetically, hydraulically or pneumatically.
- a position of the joint 33 about its vertical axis for steering the commercial vehicle combination 31 can be adjustable by means of the steering actuator device.
- the steering actuation device can be supported on the one hand on the tractor 32 and on the other hand on the implement 34 .
- the utility vehicle combination 31 can have a position determination device 35 .
- the position determination device 35 can continuously determine a current position or actual position of the commercial vehicle combination 31 .
- the position determining device 35 is a GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) position determining device, e.g. B. a GPS positioning device.
- the position determination device 35 can have one or more GNSS antennas, preferably GPS antennas.
- the at least one GNSS antenna can be arranged on the tractor 32 (as shown), the implement 44 and/or the joint 33 .
- the at least one GNSS antenna is preferably arranged essentially centrally on the commercial vehicle combination 31 with respect to a transverse axis of the commercial vehicle combination 31 .
- the utility vehicle combination 31 also has a control unit (not shown).
- the control unit is preferably arranged in the tractor 32 .
- the commercial vehicle combination 31 can be operated autonomously by means of the control unit.
- the control unit for operating the commercial vehicle combination 31 can be in communication with the drive, the braking device, the communication interface, the steering actuator device, and/or an actuator of the implement 34, e.g. B. to receive information and / or issue control commands.
- the control unit can enable autonomous operation of the commercial vehicle combination 31 .
- the control unit can operate the commercial vehicle combination 31 in a first or autonomous operating mode.
- the utility vehicle combination 31 can have a communication system 2 as described above.
- the main control device 4 of the communication system 2 can be arranged exclusively on the tractor 32 or the towed implement 34 .
- the ancillary components 5 can be arranged on the towing vehicle 32 and/or be functionally assigned to it and also include ancillary components which are arranged on the towed implement 34 and/or are functionally assigned to it.
- the agricultural utility vehicle combination 31 can comprise two communication systems 2, with a first communication system being assigned spatially and functionally to the tractor 32 and a second communication system being assigned spatially and functionally to the towed implement 34.
- auxiliary component as an input/output module (I/O module)
- Wireless short-range link interface e.g. B: WLAN interface
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Small-Scale Networks (AREA)
- Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)
- Guiding Agricultural Machines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102020134176.8A DE102020134176A1 (de) | 2020-12-18 | 2020-12-18 | Kommunikationssystem für eine landwirtschaftliche maschine und verfahren zur herstellung einer landwirtschaftlichen maschine |
| PCT/EP2021/086375 WO2022129455A2 (de) | 2020-12-18 | 2021-12-17 | Kommunikationssystem für eine landwirtschaftliche maschine und verfahren zur herstellung einer landwirtschaftlichen maschine |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4264890A2 true EP4264890A2 (de) | 2023-10-25 |
Family
ID=80112046
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21840847.4A Pending EP4264890A2 (de) | 2020-12-18 | 2021-12-17 | Kommunikationssystem für eine landwirtschaftliche maschine und verfahren zur herstellung einer landwirtschaftlichen maschine |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20240049617A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4264890A2 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102020134176A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2022129455A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP4523508A1 (de) * | 2023-09-18 | 2025-03-19 | Lemken GmbH & Co KG | Landwirtschaftliche maschine mit kamerasteuerung |
| US20250295065A1 (en) * | 2024-03-22 | 2025-09-25 | Deere & Company | Systems and methods for determining and controlling an agricultural machine operational mode |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102007056318A1 (de) | 2007-04-12 | 2008-10-16 | Deere & Company, Moline | Kommunikationssystem eines Fahrzeugs und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Kommunikationssystems |
| CN104954596B (zh) * | 2011-07-25 | 2018-03-30 | 株式会社久保田 | 作业机以及作业机的设定变更系统 |
| US9218205B2 (en) | 2012-07-11 | 2015-12-22 | Ca, Inc. | Resource management in ephemeral environments |
| DE102015111911A1 (de) | 2015-07-22 | 2017-01-26 | Andreas Reichhardt | Anzeige- und Eingabesystem für eine Landmaschine |
| CN205281258U (zh) * | 2015-12-31 | 2016-06-01 | 浙江同筑科技有限公司 | 基于arm的agv双层控制系统 |
| CN108170084A (zh) * | 2016-12-07 | 2018-06-15 | 杨新高 | 一种农机设备自动化控制系统及产品 |
| DE102018111767A1 (de) | 2017-11-10 | 2019-05-16 | Syn Trac Gmbh | Steuereinheit und Steuersystem für eine Kombination aus einem Fahrzeug und einem Anbaugerät |
| DE102018203235A1 (de) * | 2018-03-05 | 2019-09-05 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Elektromotor zur Betätigung von Schaltelementen für Automatikgetriebe und System mit solchen Elektromotoren |
| DE102018209833B4 (de) | 2018-06-19 | 2022-03-24 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und Vorrichtung für die Steuerung eines sicherheitsrelevanten Vorganges, sowie Fahrzeug |
| CA3107440A1 (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2020-03-19 | Agjunction Llc | Using non-real-time computers for agricultural guidance systems |
| US11252860B2 (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2022-02-22 | Cnh Industrial America Llc | Agricultural product control system for an agricultural implement |
| NL2022612B1 (en) * | 2019-02-21 | 2020-08-31 | Exel Ind | Agricultural device and method for dispensing a liquid |
| US11623305B2 (en) * | 2020-10-16 | 2023-04-11 | Verdant Robotics, Inc. | Autonomous laser treatment system for agricultural objects |
| US11715338B2 (en) * | 2021-01-12 | 2023-08-01 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Ranking fault conditions |
-
2020
- 2020-12-18 DE DE102020134176.8A patent/DE102020134176A1/de active Pending
-
2021
- 2021-12-17 US US18/258,008 patent/US20240049617A1/en active Pending
- 2021-12-17 WO PCT/EP2021/086375 patent/WO2022129455A2/de not_active Ceased
- 2021-12-17 EP EP21840847.4A patent/EP4264890A2/de active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102020134176A1 (de) | 2022-06-23 |
| WO2022129455A3 (de) | 2022-08-18 |
| US20240049617A1 (en) | 2024-02-15 |
| WO2022129455A2 (de) | 2022-06-23 |
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