Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B33/00—Clay-wares
  • C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
  • C04B33/04—Clay; Kaolin
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
  • B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
  • B28C1/00—Apparatus or methods for obtaining or processing clay
  • B28C1/003—Plant; Methods
  • B28C1/006—Methods
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
  • B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
  • B28C1/00—Apparatus or methods for obtaining or processing clay
  • B28C1/02—Apparatus or methods for obtaining or processing clay for producing or processing clay suspensions, e.g. slip
  • B28C1/04—Producing suspensions, e.g. by blunging or mixing; with means for removing stones
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
  • B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
  • B28C1/00—Apparatus or methods for obtaining or processing clay
  • B28C1/02—Apparatus or methods for obtaining or processing clay for producing or processing clay suspensions, e.g. slip
  • B28C1/06—Processing suspensions, i.e. after mixing
  • B28C1/08—Separating suspensions, e.g. for obtaining clay, for removing stones; Cleaning clay slurries
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
  • C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
  • C01B33/20—Silicates
  • C01B33/36—Silicates having base-exchange properties but not having molecular sieve properties
  • C01B33/38—Layered base-exchange silicates, e.g. clays, micas or alkali metal silicates of kenyaite or magadiite type
  • C01B33/40—Clays
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B33/00—Clay-wares
  • C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
  • C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
  • C04B33/1305—Organic additives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B33/00—Clay-wares
  • C04B33/32—Burning methods
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B33/00—Clay-wares
  • C04B33/32—Burning methods
  • C04B33/34—Burning methods combined with glazing
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
  • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
  • C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
  • C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
  • C04B35/632—Organic additives
  • C04B35/634—Polymers
  • C04B35/63404—Polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C04B35/63424—Polyacrylates; Polymethacrylates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
  • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
  • C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
  • C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
  • C04B35/632—Organic additives
  • C04B35/634—Polymers
  • C04B35/63404—Polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C04B35/63444—Nitrogen-containing polymers, e.g. polyacrylamides, polyacrylonitriles, polyvinylpyrrolidone [PVP], polyethylenimine [PEI]
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
  • C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
  • C09C1/40—Compounds of aluminium
  • C09C1/42—Clays
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
  • C04B2235/60—Aspects relating to the preparation, properties or mechanical treatment of green bodies or pre-forms
  • C04B2235/602—Making the green bodies or pre-forms by moulding
  • C04B2235/6027—Slip casting
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
  • C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
  • C04B2235/96—Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance
  • C04B2235/9646—Optical properties
  • C04B2235/9661—Colour

Definitions

• the subject of the invention relates to a clay filtration method, which allows the use of a raw material with increased weight per liter by preserving the chemical properties of especially the fine-grained clays with high plasticity, enables filtration times for the same to be reduced, and thus enables a quantity of filtered clay that is greater than the quantities obtained in the state of the art to be obtained in one go in a shorter time and without any clogging in the system, and to the filtered clay obtained by said method.
• the clay group of minerals consists of the fine-grained materials, which exist in the nature in the form of aqueous aluminum and magnesium silicates and which are used especially in the ceramic, paper, petroleum, agriculture, casting, rubber and cement industries. While the clay minerals may be present at the same location as the parent rock where they are formed, it is also possible that they are separated from the parent rock and transported to another location under the influence of water and exist in the deposited form at the location where they are transported. Some of the transported clays, including kaolinite that forms as a result of transportation of the kaolin mineral, a type of clay obtained from the granitic rocks, undergo ion exchange as they advance by rolling and contacting the other rocks during their transport and acquire a thin laminar structure with round grains as a result of friction. Consequently, they have high water retention capacity, plastic character and high green strength, but also a high content of impurities.
• the enrichment process comprises the steps of washing the clay with water and expanding the same mechanically, classifying the same according to size and settling the same.
• the clays with impurities and with different properties which are obtained from different pits, are passed through the crushers to be reduced to the determined sizes and are blended so that they will have the same finished product features, and a clay that is free of impurities/enriched/filtered, has high plasticity and is ready for processing is obtained by subjecting the clay obtained from the blending to the trommel, expander, sieve and cyclones.
• the filtered clay is obtained by mechanically dispersing/expanding the clay blend in a certain amount of water and removing the coarsegrained impurities from the same in the rotary sieves known as trommel, conveying with the help of a centrifugal pump the expanded and sieved clay first to the pump pond and then from the pump pond to the 350-micron multiple batch sizers/sieves, pumping the sludge with a clay content with size smaller than 350 microns that has passed through the sizers to the first stage cyclone, the coarse grains within the rapidly rotating suspension in the first stage cyclone moving towards the bottom outlet of the cyclone under the influence of the centrifugal force while the small-size grains moving upward and being received as the overflow from the top outlet, delivering the overflow with the help of a pump first to the product tank and from the product tank to the sludge tank, pumping the sludge from the sludge tank to the filter presses, which enable the
• the clay the water content of which has been drained, is fed first into the pasta machine and from the pasta machine into the band dryers in order to reduce its moisture content.
• the finished products taken out of the dryers are allowed to stand in the product compartments.
• the underflow from the first stage cyclone containing the coarse clays is conveyed to another cyclone.
• the overflow of the other cyclone is fed back into the pump pond and is subjected to the same process steps. In this way, it is attempted to obtain more filtered clay from the clay that is supplied to the system.
• the grain size and plasticity affecting the processing of the filtered clay have influence also on obtaining the filtered clay.
• the clays with fine grains, great surface area, capability to retain high water content in the structure, high plasticity, and high strength are preferred for these properties, they do not easily release the water due to the same properties and thus increase the time for draining the water.
• the increased draining time causes the prolongation of the whole process under the plant conditions and increases the operation costs, and the increased operation costs in turn increase the costs for obtaining the filtered clay.
• a sludge with low clay content i.e.
• a low-density sludge is fed into the presses, as a result of which a low quantity of filtered clay may be obtained in one go.
• the reason for this is that the clays with high plasticity agglomerate when mixed with water and brought into sludge form and lead to the clogging in the system as a result of adhesion.
• plenty of water is used in the process of dispersing the clay in water and the density of clay that is supplied to the system and that is to be expanded in the water is kept at all times at a level that would avoid the clogging in the system. In that case, it becomes necessary to repeatedly perform the feed into the system and to repeat the process steps over and over again in order to be able to obtain the targeted quantity of filtered clay within a certain time. This in turn causes an increase in the operation costs and the filtered clay costs.
• a clay filtration method has been developed within the scope of the invention, wherein said method involves the use of the agents, which enable the grains of clay fed into the system to be filtered to diverge by sliding over one another and/or enable the grains of clay within the clay sludge entering the presses to converge to thereby easily release the water in their structure, and wherein said method is also suitable forfiltering the fine-grained clays including kaolinitic clay.
• the density of clay is increased in the clay sludge prepared by this method, a greater quantity of clay compared to that of the state of the art may be supplied to the system, the efficiency of the filtration process is improved and hence it becomes possible to obtain a quantity of filtered clay greater than the quantity of filtered clay obtained in one go according to the state of the art, without causing any clogging in the system. Moreover, the time for draining the water content of the clay sludge is shortened, the filtered clay is obtained in one go from the clay fed into the system in a shorter time as compared to the state of the art, and the operation costs are thus reduced.
• the method where the agents having said properties are employed does not alterthe chemical properties of the clay and only regulates the rheological properties thereof, and with this aspect, it provides advantage to the producers.
• An object of the invention is to develop a clay filtration method, which enables a greater quantity of clay as compared to the state of the art, i.e. a clay with increased weight per liter, to be fed into the system and which enables a greater quantity of filtered clay to be obtained in one go, by way of dispersing the clay in water and separating the clay grains from one another.
• Another object of the invention is to develop a clay filtration method, which shortens the time for draining the water content of the clay sludge and thus enables the filtered clay to be obtained in a shorter time as compared to the state of the art from the clay fed into the system.
• Another object of the invention is to develop a clay filtration method, which achieves the functions mentioned under the other objects of the invention without altering the chemical properties of the clay.
• Another object of the invention is to develop a clay filtration method, having the features mentioned under the previous objects of the invention, for filtering the kaolinitic clay.
• the subject of the invention relates to a clay filtration method, which allows the use of a raw material with increased weight per liter by preserving the chemical properties of especially the fine-grained clays with high plasticity, enables filtration times for the same to be reduced, and thus enables a quantity of filtered clay that is greater than the quantities obtained in the state of the art to be obtained in one go in a shorter time and without any clogging in the system, and to the filtered clay obtained by said method.
• the filtered clay is basically obtained by mechanically dispersing/expanding the clay blend in a certain amount of water in rotary sieves known as trommel, then conveying the clay to the sizers/sieves and then to the separators called cyclone, and finally filtering the sludge through the filter presses and drying the same.
• the filtered clay is obtained by mechanically dispersing/expanding the clay blend in a certain amount of water and removing the coarse-grained impurities from the same in the rotary sieves known as trommel, conveying with the help of a centrifugal pump the expanded and sieved clay first to the pump pond and then from the pump pond to the 350- micron multiple batch sizers/sieves, pumping the sludge with a clay content with size smaller than 350 microns that has passed through the sizers to the cyclone, the coarse grains within the rapidly rotating suspension in the cyclone moving towards the bottom outlet of the cyclone underthe influence of the centrifugal force while the small-size grains moving upward and being received as the overflow from the top outlet, delivering the overflow with the help of a pump first to the product tank and from the product tank to the sludge tank, pumping the sludge from the sludge tank to the filter presses, which enable the water content of the sl
• the clay filtration method being the subject of the invention basically comprises the process step of adding at least one first agent in the aforesaid method.
• An alternative embodiment of the invention comprises the process step of adding at least one second agent.
• the process of dispersion in water in the presence of at least one first agent is performed in the trommel and the process of filtration in the presence of at least one second agent is performed in the filter presses.
• Said first agent is added at the trommel inlet, at the point where the product first contacts the water, while said second agent is added at the cyclone outlet.
• the addition of a third agent to the clay sludge in the sludge tank is preferably performed in order to further shorten the filtration time.
• the filtered clay was obtained by the combined use of the agents with said functions in the determined types and quantities, and the effect of combined use of the agents on the chemical, casting and firing properties of the filtered clay obtained, especially on the time for draining the water and on the clay density/weight per liter, was examined.
• the agents with suitable properties to be used in the method according to the invention which, without altering the chemical properties of the clay, enable the filtration time of the clay to be reduced and/or more clay to be fed into the system and thus the density of clay within the sludge to be increased, were determined.
• various clay sludges were prepared by adding varying proportions of at least one of preferably lime, aluminum sulfate or an agent mixture containing the compounds polyethylene polyamine and tetraethylenepentamine as said agent to the clay sludge obtained by dispersing the clay in water.
• the proportions of the agents used were determined according to the weight of the clay fed into the system.
• the 1 st clay sludge prepared comprises the lime, the weight of which is 0,15% of the weight of the clay fed into the system, as the agent that enables the clay grains in the clay sludge to converge to thereby easily release the water in their structure.
• the 2 nd clay sludge prepared comprises aluminum sulfate, the weight of which is 0,15% of the weight of the clay fed into the system, as the agent that enables the clay grains in the clay sludge to converge to thereby easily release the water in their structure.
• the 3 rd clay sludge prepared comprises an agent mixture containing the compounds polyethylene polyamine and tetraethylenepentamine, the weight of which is 0,015% of the weight of the clay fed into the system, as the agent that enables the clay grains in the clay sludge to converge to thereby easily release the water in their structure.
• the 4 th clay sludge prepared comprises an agent mixture containing the compounds polyethylene polyamine and tetraethylenepentamine, the weight of which is 0,020% of the weight of the clay fed into the system, as the agent that enables the clay grains in the clay sludge to converge to thereby easily release the water in their structure.
• the 5 th clay sludge prepared comprises an agent mixture containing the compounds polyethylene polyamine and tetraethylenepentamine, the weight of which is 0,025% of the weight of the clay fed into the system, as the agent that enables the clay grains in the clay sludge to converge to thereby easily release the water in their structure.
• Each of the clay sludges prepared was subjected to sizing, the water content was drained from the sludge comprising the fine clay grains that was output as overflow from the sizing, and the analysis results for the chemical, casting and firing properties of the filtered clay obtained from each clay sludge were compared to the analysis results of other filtered clays and to the analysis results of the filtered clay obtained by draining the water content of the clay sludge not comprising said agent.
• the effect of said agent on the time for draining the water content of the clay sludge was evaluated.
• the water content of the 1 st clay sludge was drained in 525 minutes
• the water content of the 2 nd clay sludge was drained in 510 minutes
• the water content of the 3 rd clay sludge was drained in 440 minutes
• the water content of the 4 th clay sludge was drained in 480 minutes
• the water content of the 5 th clay sludge was drained in 440 minutes.
• the time for draining the water content was about 570 minutes from the clay sludge without any agent addition.
• the lime and aluminum sulfate compound were observed to also shorten the draining time for the water content of the clay sludge.
• the time for draining the water content was 570 minutes for the clay sludge not containing said agent, i.e. for the clay sludge obtained by the method employed in the state of the art, and it was observed that said time could be shortened by 2-2.5 hours by the use, as said agent, of the agent mixture containing the compounds polyethylene polyamine and tetraethylenepentamine and having a weight that is 0.015-0.025% of the weight of the clay fed into the system.
• the analysis results for the filtered clay obtained by the use of the agent mixture containing the compounds polyethylene polyamine and tetraethylenepentamine, the weight of which is 0.020% of the weight of the clay fed into the system, and the analysis results for the filtered clay obtained without using said agent are provided in the following tables; it can be seen from the tables that the rheological properties of the clay were regulated and the draining time for the water content of the clay was reduced as a result of the use of the agent, whereas the chemical properties and some critical casting and firing properties of the clay did not change.
• the addition of at least one second agent that enables the clay grains to diverge by sliding over one another and that will allow a greater quantity of clay to be fed into the system was performed.
• Various clay sludge compositions were prepared by way of adding, at varying ratios, a mixture as at least one second agent, which preferably contains polyacrylate, i.e. polyacrylic acid, and sodium salt, at the point where the clay first contacts the water during the dispersion of the clay in the water.
• the 6 th clay sludge prepared comprises the mixture containing polyacrylate, i.e. polyacrylic acid, and sodium salt as the agent that enables the clay grains to diverge by sliding over one another at a quantity such that the weight of said agent is 0.1% of the weight of the clay fed into the system.
• the 7 th clay sludge prepared comprises the mixture containing polyacrylate, i.e. polyacrylic acid, and sodium salt as the agent that enables the clay grains to diverge by sliding over one another at a quantity such that the weight of said agent is 0.2% of the weight of the clay fed into the system.
• the 8 th clay sludge prepared comprises the mixture containing polyacrylate, i.e. polyacrylic acid, and sodium salt as the agent that enables the clay grains to diverge by sliding over one another at a quantity such that the weight of said agent is 0.3% of the weight of the clay fed into the system.
• Each clay sludge prepared was subjected to sizing, the overflow containing the fine particles separated as a result of sizing was freed of its water content at the draining step, and the chemical, casting and firing properties, especially the density/weight per liter, of the filtered clays obtained were analyzed.
• the analysis results of each filtered clay were compared to the analysis results of other filtered clays and to the analysis results of the filtered clay obtained with the clay sludge not comprising said agent. Thus, the effect of said agent on the density of clay in the sludge was examined.
• the 6 th clay sludge, the 7 th clay sludge and the 8 th clay sludge had the same clay density and that the density was increased as compared to the clay density of the clay sludge not containing said agent.
• the viscosity of the sludge was observed to decrease with increasing agent content in the clay sludge.
• the clay grains contained in each sludge were observed to diverge and become liberated and the times for draining the water content were observed to shorten, owing to the agent used.
• an increase was observed in the dry bond strength, i.e. the strength, of the filtered clay with increasing quantity of the agent. The reason for this is that the agent bonded owing to its chemical contents to the fine-grained clays.
• the analysis results for the filtered clay obtained by the use of the mixture containing polyacrylate, i.e. polyacrylic acid, and sodium salt as the agent that enables the clay grains to diverge by sliding over one another at a quantity such that the weight of said agent is 0.2% of the weight of the clay fed into the system and the analysis results for the filtered clay obtained without using said agent are provided in the following tables; it can be seen that the use of the agent did not alter the chemical properties of the clay and did not adversely affect some critical casting and firing properties.
• polyacrylic acid, and sodium salt as the agent that enables the clay grains to diverge by sliding over one another was preferred to be used in a quantity such that the weight of said agent is 0.2% of the weight of the clay fed into the system.
• the dry matter concentration in the mixture is 44-46%.
• a certain quantity of the agent was added to the sludges of different density in order to more clearly demonstrate the effect of increasing the density/weight per liter of the clays in the clay sludge on the filtration time.
• Each of the filtered clays obtained with the sludges prepared with the agent that enables the clay grains to diverge by sliding over one another, the weight of said agent being 0.2% of the weight of the clay fed into the system was analyzed and the properties of each can be seen in Table 5.
• the clay sludge according to the state of the art may have a maximum clay content of 25-30% by weight so that no clogging is caused in the system, it may now contain maximum 40% by weight clay owing to the ability to increase the weight per liter by the addition of the agent. In this way, it becomes possible to feed more clay into the system and obtain more filtered clay; in other words, the efficiency of the process for obtaining the filtered clay may be increased.
• the filtered clay was obtained by the addition of the first agent, which enables the clay grains to diverge by sliding over one another, at a quantity such that the weight of said first agent is 0.2% of the weight of the clay fed into the system, and the second agent, which enables the clay grains in the clay sludge to converge to thereby easily release the water in their structure, at a quantity such that the weight of said second agent is 0.020% of the weight of the clay fed into the system.
• the chemical, casting and firing properties of the filtered clay obtained by the use of two agents within the scope of the invention were analyzed, and the results were compared to the analysis results for the filtered clay obtained without using any agent, the filtered clay obtained by the addition of the first agent only and the filtered clay obtained by the addition of the second agent only.
• the analysis results can be seen in Table 6 and Table 7.
• the agents and the use ratios of such agents suitable for use in developing the method that enables the filtration time of the clay to be shortened and/or the density of the clay in the sludge to be increased without altering the chemical properties of the clay were determined.
• the method according to the invention is characterized by the processes of
• a mixture of preferably polyacrylate, i.e. polyacrylic acid, and sodium salt is used as said first agent.
• the clay sludge is obtained by dispersing the clay in water in the presence of at least one first agent, the weight of which is preferably 0.1-0.3% of the weight of clay fed into the system.
• the clay sludge is obtained by dispersing the clay in water in the presence of at least one first agent, the weight of which is 0.20% of the weight of clay fed into the system.
• the clay sludge that contains fine clay grains is obtained by filtering the clay in the presence of at least one second agent, the weight of which is preferably 0.015-0.025% of the weight of clay fed into the system.
• the second agent is added such that its weight is 0.020% of the weight of clay fed into the system.
• a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention comprises the process step of adding at least one third agent, said at least one third agent enabling the clay grains to converge to thereby easily release the water in their structure, to the clay sludge in the sludge tank that contains the fine clay grains, prior to the process step of draining the water content of the clay sludge.
• a third agent enabling the clay grains to diverge by sliding over one another is added to the clay sludge in the sludge tank that contains the fine clay grains, prior to the process step of draining the water content of the clay sludge, said third agent is lime.
• the subject of the invention also relates to the filtered clay obtained by said clay filtration method.
• the filtered clay contains the clay grains with size smaller than 45 microns.
• the method according to the invention is preferably a method for filtering the kaolinitic clay and the filtered clay according to the invention obtained by this method is the filtered kaolinitic clay.
• the clay obtained by way of dispersing the clay, which is fed into the system to be filtered, in water in the presence of at least one first agent that enables the clay grains to diverge by sliding over one another is also included in the scope of the invention.
• the clay sludge containing the fine clay grains obtained by way of filtering the clays in the clay sludge in the presence of at least one second agent that enables the clay grains to converge to thereby easily release the water in their structure is also included in the scope of the invention.
• a greater quantity of clay compared to that of the state of the art may be supplied to the system, also the efficiency of the filtration process is improved and hence, it becomes possible to obtain a quantity of filtered clay greater than the quantity of filtered clay obtained in one go according to the state of the art, without causing any clogging in the system.
• the times for draining the water content of the clay sludge are shortened, the filtered clay is obtained in one go from the clay fed into the system in a shorter time as compared to the state of the art and the operation costs are thus reduced.
• the method where the agents having said properties are employed does not alter the chemical properties of the clay and only regulates the rheological properties thereof, and with this aspect, it provides advantage to the producers.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
• Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)
• Separation Of Suspended Particles By Flocculating Agents (AREA)
• Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
• Preparation Of Clay, And Manufacture Of Mixtures Containing Clay Or Cement (AREA)

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• 2020
  • 2020-12-25 TR TR2020/21764A patent/TR202021764A2/tr unknown
• 2021
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