EP4269890B1 - Méthode et système de régulation thermique d'un bâtiment - Google Patents

Méthode et système de régulation thermique d'un bâtiment

Info

Publication number
EP4269890B1
EP4269890B1 EP23169921.6A EP23169921A EP4269890B1 EP 4269890 B1 EP4269890 B1 EP 4269890B1 EP 23169921 A EP23169921 A EP 23169921A EP 4269890 B1 EP4269890 B1 EP 4269890B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
storage element
circuit
balancing
medium
air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP23169921.6A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP4269890C0 (fr
EP4269890A1 (fr
Inventor
Klaus Volker Roschmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ERNE AG Holzbau
Original Assignee
ERNE AG Holzbau
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ERNE AG Holzbau filed Critical ERNE AG Holzbau
Publication of EP4269890A1 publication Critical patent/EP4269890A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4269890C0 publication Critical patent/EP4269890C0/fr
Publication of EP4269890B1 publication Critical patent/EP4269890B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H7/00—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release
    • F24H7/02—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release the released heat being conveyed to a transfer fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0089—Systems using radiation from walls or panels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D15/00—Other domestic- or space-heating systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D5/00—Hot-air central heating systems; Exhaust gas central heating systems
    • F24D5/06—Hot-air central heating systems; Exhaust gas central heating systems operating without discharge of hot air into the space or area to be heated
    • F24D5/10—Hot-air central heating systems; Exhaust gas central heating systems operating without discharge of hot air into the space or area to be heated with hot air led through heat-exchange ducts in the walls, floor or ceiling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
    • F24F5/0017—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning using cold storage bodies, e.g. ice
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
    • F24D2220/006—Parts of a building integrally forming part of heating systems, e.g. a wall as a heat storing mass
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
    • F24D3/12—Tube and panel arrangements for ceiling, wall, or underfloor heating
    • F24D3/14—Tube and panel arrangements for ceiling, wall, or underfloor heating incorporated in a ceiling, wall or floor
    • F24D3/147—Tube and panel arrangements for ceiling, wall, or underfloor heating incorporated in a ceiling, wall or floor arranged in facades

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a system for temperature control of a building.
  • the present invention also relates to a ventilation system for a building.
  • the invention relates to a ventilation system for an enclosed space or a plurality of spaces, for example, an office, a training room, a production hall, a room in an apartment or in a residential building.
  • the invention also relates to the combination of a method and a system for temperature control of a building with a ventilation system.
  • thermoactive wall and ceiling element is known that can be installed in new or existing buildings to heat or cool rooms, thereby contributing to the efficient use of renewable energy sources by temporarily storing heat. Furthermore, the indoor climate can be adapted more efficiently and cost-effectively to individual needs.
  • the wall and ceiling element according to EP 1 470 372 B1 The device contains a closed box for the intermediate storage of heat as a latent heat storage system.
  • the box contains a phase change material based on normal paraffin or a salt hydrate, with the addition of thermally conductive fins or graphite to increase the thermal conductivity of the phase change material.
  • thermoactive building component systems are also used in which pipe registers are integrated into building components to supply water.
  • These systems incorporate heating or cooling components, known as thermoactive building component systems.
  • thermoactive building component systems are characterized by the ability to regulate surface temperature using water-filled pipe registers across a large surface area, such as a wall, ceiling, or floor. This surface temperature regulation is achieved by utilizing small temperature differences between the room temperature and the water temperature.
  • the heat storage capacity of concrete can be used for room temperature control.
  • the pipe registers are integrated into a concrete slab serving as a ceiling, wall, or floor element.
  • Such a pipe register typically consists of plastic pipes embedded in the concrete slab or capillary tube mats through which water flows as the heating or cooling medium.
  • the water temperature can typically range from 18 to 28 degrees Celsius.
  • the achievable room temperature can range from 21 to 24 degrees Celsius in winter and from 23 to 26 degrees Celsius in summer.
  • thermally activated building systems reaches its limits when cooling requirements increase due to rising temperatures caused by climate change, or when the building's use changes. These factors must therefore be considered during the building planning phase.
  • solar energy can be integrated into the heating concept, as shown in the document. KR102241214B1 is described.
  • a latent heat storage system is also required for the operation of this heating concept, so that the heat energy transferred by the sun can be stored for later use.
  • thermoactive wall elements As for example in the WO2009006343 A1
  • the wall element consists of two concrete slabs with an insulating layer between them.
  • One of the concrete slabs contains a coiled pipe for a heat transfer fluid.
  • the coiled pipe is connected to a hot water source for hot water and to a cold water source for cold water.
  • the coiled pipe can run through several concrete slabs, i.e., several wall elements arranged side by side.
  • thermoactive wall element cannot compensate for temperature differences between individual wall elements.
  • Temperature differences can arise from different heating or cooling of different rooms or from different exposure of the wall elements to solar radiation.
  • the humidity of the room air generally decreases during the heating season.
  • the heated air is extracted from the system and according to KR102241214B1
  • the warm air is supplied to the surrounding environment. Since the warm air can hold more moisture than the cold air supplied to the solar heating system during the heating season, this results in a gradual reduction in the humidity level of the room air.
  • a method for temperature control of a building by means of a system comprising a storage element, a circuit designed for conveying at least one heating medium or a coolant, wherein the storage element contains at least a part of the circuit, wherein the heating medium or coolant is conveyed in the circuit, and wherein the
  • the storage element contains a balancing circuit with a balancing fluid that circulates within the circuit.
  • the storage element forms at least one boundary of a space within the building.
  • the balancing circuit is designed for temperature equalization.
  • the balancing circuit contains a balancing fluid that circulates within it, allowing the heating medium to transfer thermal energy to the balancing fluid via the storage element. This thermal energy is then supplied to the storage element to heat the space containing the storage element.
  • the coolant can extract thermal energy from the balancing fluid to cool the storage element, thereby extracting thermal energy from the space for cooling purposes.
  • thermoactive heating or cooling system is used in at least one room, preferably in all rooms.
  • the room can be designed as a living space.
  • a thermoactive component system can be installed in the ceiling of the room.
  • the ceiling can be a concrete slab.
  • a thermoactive component system can be installed in the floor of the room, for example, in the flooring, particularly in a screed.
  • the ceiling can be a radiant heating or cooling ceiling with thermal coupling to the building, especially the building mass.
  • all rooms are interconnected by means of a balancing circuit.
  • the thermal energy of the rooms can equalize to an average value.
  • individual rooms that generate a surplus of thermal energy, and would therefore overheat can transfer thermal energy to rooms that have a thermal energy deficit, and would therefore cool down.
  • the storage element in a cool room absorbs heat via the equalization circuit.
  • the storage element in a warm room releases heat via the equalization circuit.
  • a passive house concept can be implemented using each of these embodiments.
  • the storage element comprises a first circuit in which the heating medium is circulated when a temperature increase is required, and a second circuit in which the coolant is circulated when a temperature reduction is required.
  • the first circuit is thus designed to circulate a heating medium.
  • the second circuit is designed to circulate a coolant.
  • the equalization circuit contains the equalization agent.
  • the equalization circuit includes a conveying means by which the equalization agent can be circulated within the equalization circuit. This variant allows for a further improvement in heat exchange or accelerated temperature equalization via the storage element(s).
  • the circuit to the storage element can contain at least one shut-off device, allowing a supply of heating medium or coolant to the storage element when a temperature control requirement is detected for the affected storage element that cannot be met by the compensating medium.
  • the shut-off device can, for example, be designed as a diverter valve.
  • a passive house concept can be implemented, which is extended with a system featuring active heating and cooling.
  • a two-pipe changeover system can be used, for example, which allows heating or cooling depending on the outside temperature.
  • a four-pipe system can also be used, which allows for both heating and cooling.
  • the circuit contains at least one shut-off device, so that a supply of at least one of the heating media or coolants to the storage element(s) only occurs when a temperature control requirement is detected for the storage element in question, which cannot be achieved by means of the balancing medium.
  • This method variant ensures that only a minimal energy input to or output from the system is required.
  • a building temperature control system comprises a storage element and a circuit designed to circulate a heating medium or a cooling medium within the storage element.
  • the storage element forms at least one boundary of a space within the building.
  • the storage element includes a balancing circuit designed for temperature equalization.
  • This balancing circuit circulates a balancing medium, and both the circuit and the balancing circuit are at least partially located within the storage element.
  • Thermal energy can be transferred from the heating medium to the balancing medium via the storage element, thus supplying thermal energy to the storage element to heat the space containing the storage element.
  • thermal energy can be extracted from the balancing medium via the cooling medium, allowing the storage element to be cooled and thermal energy to be extracted from the space for cooling purposes.
  • the system for temperature control of a building comprises a storage element, a first circuit designed to convey a heating medium, a second circuit designed to convey a coolant, and the equalization circuit containing an equalization medium, wherein the first and second circuits and the equalization circuit are at least partially arranged in the storage element.
  • the heating medium comprises a heating fluid which can be guided through the storage element in a fluid line, allowing it to flow through the fluid line arranged in the storage element.
  • the fluid line can be designed as a heating line.
  • the coolant comprises a cooling fluid which can be guided through the storage element in a fluid line, allowing it to flow through the fluid line arranged in the storage element.
  • the fluid line can be designed as a cooling line.
  • the fluid line is alternatively supplied with a heating fluid or a cooling fluid.
  • a heating line is provided for the heating fluid and a cooling line for the cooling fluid.
  • the heating line is designed only for the heating fluid and the cooling line only for the cooling fluid.
  • the equalization circuit is designed as a closed circuit.
  • the equalization circuit contains a conveying medium for the equalization medium.
  • the compensating medium comprises a temperature control fluid that can be guided through the storage element in a compensating line; in other words, the temperature control fluid can flow through the storage element in a compensating line.
  • the temperature control fluid can flow in the compensating line of the compensating circuit.
  • a conveying device such as a pump, can be connected to the compensating line for this purpose.
  • This embodiment has the advantage that the temperature control fluid can always circulate through the storage element(s), so that an average temperature can be set.
  • at least the circuit or the compensating circuit extends over a plurality of storage elements.
  • the first circuit, the second circuit, and the compensating circuit extend over a plurality of storage elements.
  • the equalization circuit can compensate for site-specific influences caused by the building's orientation. For example, the temperature is equalized between the south-facing and north-facing storage elements connected to the equalization circuit, resulting in a homogeneous core temperature for the thermal mass storage.
  • a shut-off device can be assigned to the storage element or each of the storage elements, such that a compensating agent can only be supplied to the storage element or each of the storage elements when the corresponding shut-off device is open.
  • the shut-off device can be designed as a valve if the compensating agent is designed as a temperature control fluid.
  • the shut-off device is only opened when a need for temperature control is detected for the storage element in question.
  • the circuit or the first and second circuits may contain at least a shut-off device to prevent the supply of at least one of the heating media or coolants to the storage element or to the storage elements.
  • the ventilation system according to the invention for ventilating a building comprises a storage element, a ventilation chamber, an air conveying element arranged in the ventilation chamber, an air transport duct, an air exchange duct, a A connecting element and a connection element for supplying or expelling ambient air.
  • the air conveying element is in fluid-conducting communication with the connection element and the air transport duct and can either convey air from the connection element into the air transport duct or convey air from the air transport duct into the connecting element.
  • the ventilation chamber is in fluid-conducting communication with the connecting element.
  • the connecting element is in fluid-conducting communication with the air transport duct via the air exchange duct.
  • the ventilation chamber shares a common surface with the storage element, allowing heat energy to be transferred from the storage element to the ventilation chamber or from the ventilation chamber to the storage element.
  • first operating mode When air is conveyed from the connection element into the ventilation space, this process is referred to below as the first operating mode.
  • second operating mode When air is conveyed from the ventilation space into the connection element, this process is referred to below as the first operating mode.
  • Each of the first and second operating modes constitutes a cycle.
  • the air conveying element is switchable, which means that the direction of airflow into the air transport duct, the air exchange duct, and the connecting element can be reversed.
  • the air conveying element operates by alternately supplying and extracting air from the ventilation space. Specifically, the air conveying element can be switched periodically.
  • the operating principle is modeled on the human breathing process.
  • the ventilation chamber corresponds to the lungs, except that instead of oxygen transfer, heat is transferred from the storage element to the air flowing in the ventilation chamber, or heat is released from the air flowing in the ventilation chamber to the storage element.
  • the airways correspond to the air transport duct, the air exchange duct, and the connecting element.
  • the diaphragm, responsible for air transport, corresponds to the air delivery element.
  • the nose for fresh air intake and stale air expulsion, corresponds to the connection element.
  • the connection element establishes the link to the environment; this is typically a facade opening. The connection element can therefore be in fluid-conducting contact with the building's surroundings.
  • the connecting element is designed either as a ventilation element or as a venting element.
  • the connecting element is designed either as an air inlet element or as an air outlet element.
  • the air conveying element includes a fan.
  • the fan can be used to generate the required volume of air for an enclosed space if the ventilation space does not contain or is not connected to other airflow sources.
  • the air exchange duct is designed as a slot between two wooden support elements.
  • a slot is only one embodiment of an exchange duct.
  • the air exchange duct can, for example, be tubular.
  • the air exchange duct can contain several sub-ducts.
  • the air exchange duct contains diverting or deflecting elements to increase the available heat exchange surface.
  • the storage element comprises a concrete slab.
  • the heat storage function of a concrete slab such as one embedded in a floor slab, is not strictly necessary.
  • the storage element can include a thermal floor. This embodiment is particularly suitable for applications requiring only a smaller storage mass.
  • the thermal floor can contain multiple pipe elements for a heat transfer fluid.
  • the ventilation system according to the invention can be combined with other heating or cooling systems.
  • heating systems include radiant ceilings, underfloor heating, or wall heating panels.
  • cooling systems include chilled ceilings or wall cooling panels.
  • the storage element includes at least one pipe element for circulating a heat transfer fluid.
  • a heat transfer fluid for example water can be used as the heat transfer fluid.
  • the air conveying element is switchable to reverse the direction of airflow.
  • connection element is designed as a facade opening.
  • the facade opening can be equipped with weather protection to prevent moisture from penetrating the building.
  • the ventilation system comprises a control unit and/or a regulation unit.
  • the duration of a cycle can be set using the control unit and/or regulation unit.
  • the cycle can comprise a first operating mode or a second operating mode.
  • the cycle duration can be the same for both the first and second operating modes.
  • the air conveying element In the first operating mode, can be configured such that air can flow from the connection element into the ventilation space. In the second operating mode, the air conveying element can be configured such that air can flow from the ventilation space to the connection element.
  • the cycle duration can be shorter for the first operating mode than for the second if the flow velocity in the connection element is higher when entering the ventilation system than when exiting it. For example, if wind hits the connection element, the wind speed adds to the flow velocity that can be generated by the air conveying element, such as when the connection element is located on the upwind side.
  • the cycle duration can be longer for the first operating mode than for the second if the flow velocity in the connection element is lower when entering the ventilation system than when exiting it. If the connection element is located on the leeward side of the building, the air handling unit must also compensate for the resulting negative pressure. Therefore, any difference in air volume can be compensated for by extending the cycle duration of the first operating mode and correspondingly reducing the cycle duration of the second operating mode.
  • the cycle in the first operating mode can, for example, have a duration of 30 seconds, and the cycle in the second operating mode can also have a duration of 30 seconds.
  • the connection element is located on the upwind side, the cycle in the first operating mode can be adjusted accordingly.
  • the cycle might have a duration of 20 seconds in one operating mode and a duration of 40 seconds in the second.
  • the cycle in the first operating mode might have a duration of 35 seconds, and the cycle in the second operating mode might have a duration of 25 seconds.
  • a cycle can last from 30 seconds to a maximum of 20 minutes.
  • the upper limit for the duration depends on the heat and moisture exchange behavior of the wooden support elements. Furthermore, the duration of the cycle is limited by the development of unsteady flow.
  • the thermal efficiency of a storage element 100 mm thick can be equivalent to that of a storage element approximately 300 mm thick. Energy transfer is made possible by the storage element. Thermal energy can be transferred from the air to the storage element and stored there until it can be released back into the cooler air (for example, overnight).
  • the air transport duct can be designed as an air distribution duct or an air collection duct.
  • a non-steady-state airflow can be created by alternating ventilation and exhaust. It has been shown that a non-steady-state airflow results in outstanding comfort. In particular, heat recovery can exceed 90%. Humidity recovery can exceed 80%.
  • the use of the ventilation system according to the invention does not require central ventilation units.
  • the use of the ventilation system according to the invention does not require air distribution ducts for the horizontal or vertical distribution of air from central ventilation units to the rooms.
  • the inventive method and system mean that building heating is only necessary when heating the entire building is required. Similarly, building cooling is only necessary when cooling the entire building is required. Surprisingly, this results in a significant reduction in both the heating and cooling seasons. It is even possible that some buildings will not require any additional heating and/or cooling equipment.
  • the buffer storage tank should ideally be regenerated daily. Rooms can also be heated by supplied heat energy and cooled by released heat energy, with the buffer storage tank primarily used for cooling.
  • FIG. 1 shows an arrangement of a ventilation system 1 according to the invention in a building 10.
  • the building 10 comprises a plurality of rooms, the ceiling area of which contains a plurality of ventilation systems 1.
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of one of the rooms of building 10 according to Fig. 1 , in which four ventilation systems 1 are shown as examples, whereby the lower room boundary has been omitted for the sake of simplicity. Only one of the ventilation systems 1 is labeled; the other three ventilation systems have the same structure. Therefore, for the description of the three further ventilation systems, reference is made to the following description of the ventilation system 1 on the right-hand side of the drawing.
  • the ventilation system 1 for ventilating a building 10 comprises a storage element 11, a ventilation chamber 2, an air conveying element 3 arranged in the ventilation chamber 2, an air transport duct 4, an air exchange duct 5, a connecting element 6 and a connection element 7 not visible in this illustration (see Fig. 3 ) for supplying or expelling ambient air.
  • the air conveying element 3 is in fluid-conducting communication with the connection element 7 and the air transport channel 4, so that either air can be conveyed from the connection element 7 into the air transport channel 4 or air can be conveyed from the air transport channel 4 into the connection element 7.
  • the ventilation systems shown depict a first operating mode, according to which air can be conveyed from the connection element 7 into the air transport duct 4 by means of the air conveying element 3, from there into the air exchange duct 5, flows through the air exchange duct 5 and then enters the ventilation room 2 via the connecting element 6.
  • the air flows through the ventilation room 2 in a non-steady flow and can leave it via the openings 8 located on its side to enter room 9 in order to temper room 9 as required.
  • the ventilation systems shown depict a second operating mode in which air is drawn from ventilation chamber 2 into the connecting element 6, then enters the air exchange duct 5, flows through the air exchange duct 5, from there enters the air transport duct 4, and is then conveyed beyond the system boundaries via the connection element 7 to the surrounding area of the building by means of the air conveying element 3.
  • the air flows in an unsteady flow from chamber 9 through the openings 8 into ventilation chamber 2 and can leave this chamber via the connecting element(s) 6 to be discharged from the ventilation system.
  • Ventilation system 1 can periodically switch between the first and second operating modes.
  • Each of the first or second operating modes can also be referred to as a cycle.
  • Moisture can be absorbed in air exchange duct 5 when air flows from connection element 7 into ventilation space 2 during the first operating mode. Moisture can be released from air exchange duct 5 when air is extracted from ventilation space 2 during the second operating mode. If the walls of air exchange duct 5 contain or are made of wood, the wood can absorb at least some of the moisture from the air in ventilation space 2. Warm air can The air exchange duct 5 is cooled. When the warm air from ventilation room 2 is cooled, it can hold less moisture, which is then absorbed by the wood.
  • cool ambient air which is blown into the building through the connection element 7
  • Ventilation room 2 shares a common surface with the storage element 11, allowing heat energy to be transferred from the air in ventilation room 2 to the storage element 11. The excess heat energy from the warm air can thus be absorbed by the storage element 11 and retained until the next cycle begins. Further heat energy and moisture are extracted from the air in the air exchange duct 5, making it available again for the next cycle.
  • the first operating mode corresponds to inhalation and is subsequently referred to as the inhalation period.
  • the second operating mode corresponds to exhalation and is subsequently referred to as the exhalation period.
  • FIG. 3 Figure 1 shows a bottom view of the ventilation system during the inhalation period.
  • the ventilation system 1 for ventilating a building 10 comprises a storage element 11, a ventilation chamber 2, an air conveying element 3 arranged in the ventilation chamber 2, an air transport duct 4, an air exchange duct 5, a connecting element 6, and a connection element 7 for supplying or expelling ambient air.
  • the air conveying element 3 is in fluid-conducting communication with the connection element 7 and the air transport duct 4, so that air can either be conveyed from the connection element 7 into the air transport duct 4 or air can be conveyed from the air transport duct 4 into the connection element 7.
  • the ventilation chamber 2 is in fluid-conducting communication with the connecting element 6, the connecting element 6 being connected to
  • the air transport duct 4 is in fluid-conducting connection via the air exchange duct 5.
  • the ventilation chamber 2 has a common surface with the storage element 11, so that thermal energy can be transferred from the storage element 11 to the air in the ventilation chamber 2, or thermal energy can be transferred from the air in the ventilation chamber 2 to the storage element 11.
  • the air conveying element 3 may include a fan.
  • the connecting element 6 is according to Fig. 3
  • the connection element 7 is designed as a ventilation element.
  • the connection element 7 is designed as an air inlet element.
  • the air exchange channel 5 is designed as a slot between two wooden support elements.
  • the storage element 11 can comprise a concrete slab.
  • the storage element 11 contains at least one pipe element 12 for the circulation of a heat transfer fluid, which is schematically shown in Fig. 2 This is indicated.
  • a plurality of pipe elements 12 can be provided.
  • An example of an arrangement of pipe elements 12 in a storage element is shown in Fig. 6 the EP 1 470 372 B1 As shown, these pipe elements are designed as capillary tubes embedded in a pipe mat. This solution improves controllability.
  • Fig. 4 shows a view from below of ventilation system 1 during the exhalation period. This representation differs from Fig. 3 in that the connecting element 6 is designed as a venting element. The connecting element 7 is designed as an air outlet element.
  • the ventilation system 1 according to Fig. 3 or Fig. 4
  • the system comprises a control unit and/or a regulation unit 13.
  • the control unit and/or regulation unit 13 can be used, for example, to define the duration of a cycle.
  • the cycle can include a first operating mode or a second operating mode. In the first operating mode, the air conveying element 3 can be configured so that air can flow from the connection element 7 into the ventilation space 2. In the second operating mode, the air conveying element 3 can be configured so that air can flow from the ventilation space 2 to the connection element 7.
  • the cycle can, in particular, have a duration of 10 seconds up to a maximum of one minute.
  • FIG. 5a shows a section through a beam element 14 containing an air exchange channel 5 according to a first embodiment.
  • the air exchange channel 5 contains a cavity 15, which is designed as a slot.
  • FIG. 5b shows a section through an air exchange duct 5 according to a second embodiment.
  • the air exchange duct is formed as a first recess 17 in a first beam element 14 and a second recess 18 in a second beam element 16.
  • a cavity 15 is formed by the first recess 17 and the second recess 18.
  • FIG. 5c Figure 1 shows a section through an air exchange duct 5 according to a third embodiment.
  • the air exchange duct 5 comprises a plurality of cavities 15.
  • the cavities 15 are designed as channels with a square cross-section.
  • FIG. 5d Figure 5 shows a section through an air exchange duct according to a fourth embodiment.
  • the air exchange duct 5 comprises a plurality of cavities 15.
  • the cavities 15 are designed as ducts with a rectangular cross-section.
  • FIG. 5e Figure 5 shows a cross-section through an air exchange duct according to a fifth embodiment.
  • the air exchange duct 5 comprises a plurality of cavities 15.
  • the cavities 15 are designed as channels with a circular cross-section.
  • An exemplary deflecting element 19 is also arranged in one of the cavities, which disrupts the airflow and thereby serves to improve heat exchange and/or the deposition or absorption of moisture.
  • Figs. 5a to 5e These are just a few examples of how to design an air exchange duct. These variations can be combined in any way to improve at least one of the effects: heat exchange or the absorption or release of moisture.
  • FIG. 6a shows a view of an air conveying element 3 according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • the air conveying element 3 conveys air from the ventilation chamber 2 (not shown here) via the air transport duct 4 into the connection element 7.
  • the air conveying element 3 contains a first
  • the air transport duct 4 is divided into a first section, a second section, and a third section. In the first section, the air transport duct 4 splits into a first sub-duct 24 and a second sub-duct 25.
  • a first flap 26 is located in the first sub-duct 24.
  • a second flap 27 is located in the second sub-duct 25.
  • a fan 30 is located in the second section, which connects to the first section.
  • a third section connects to the second section and contains a third sub-duct 28 and a fourth sub-duct 29.
  • a third flap 31 is located in the third sub-duct 28.
  • a fourth flap 32 is located in the fourth sub-duct 29.
  • connection element 7 If air from the ventilation chamber 3 is to pass into the connection element 7 and from there to the outside, air flows from the ventilation chamber into the air transport duct 4, as described, for example, in the previous embodiments.
  • the first flap 26 In the first section, the first flap 26 is closed and the second flap 27 is open, so that the air can only flow through the second sub-duct 25.
  • the air In the second section, the air is conveyed into the third section by means of the fan 30.
  • the third flap 31, which can close the third sub-duct 28, is open, and the fourth flap 32 is closed, thus closing the fourth sub-duct 29.
  • This operating mode corresponds to the exhalation process. The air therefore only enters the connection element 7 through the third sub-duct 28.
  • FIG. 6b The air conveying element 3 according to Fig. 6a
  • the diagram shows the system in the state where air flows into the ventilation space.
  • the air flows from the connection element 7 through the air conveying element 3 into the air transport duct 4 and from there into the ventilation space, for example, as described in the preceding embodiments.
  • This process thus corresponds to the process of inhalation.
  • the third flap 31 is closed and the fourth flap 32 is open, so that the air can only flow through the fourth sub-duct 29.
  • the air is conveyed into the first section by means of the fan 30.
  • the first flap 27, which can close the first sub-duct 24, is open, and the second flap 27 is closed, thus closing the second sub-duct 25.
  • This operating mode corresponds to the inhalation process.
  • the air thus enters the ventilation space only through the fourth sub-duct 29 from the connection element 7 via the first sub-duct 24.
  • connection element 7 and ventilation space 2 can be interrupted by either keeping the first flap 26 and the second flap 27 in the closed position, or by keeping the third flap 31 and the fourth flap 32 closed. This operating state can also be referred to as the flow-free state or neutral operation.
  • FIG. 7a shows a view of a storage element 11, which can be used for a ventilation system 1 according to one of the preceding embodiments.
  • the storage element 11 contains a storage plate element 20, which rests on a supporting structure.
  • the supporting structure can comprise a plurality of load-bearing beams 21, which serve as supports for the storage element 11.
  • the load-bearing beams 21 can in turn be supported on crossbeams 22, which rest on wall elements 23. Between the load-bearing beams 21 and the crossbeams 22 (only a single crossbeam 22 is shown in the illustration according to Figure 1) Fig.
  • an intermediate space 24 is formed in which various pipe elements 12 can be laid, for example for supplying the building with hot water, cold water, electricity or for transporting heat transfer media for heating or cooling the building.
  • One of these pipe elements can contain water for temperature control of the storage plate element 20, i.e. either hot water for heating the storage plate element 20 or cold water for cooling the storage plate element 20.
  • Fig. 7b shows a cross-section through a storage disk element 20 according to Fig. 7a
  • the storage plate element 20 contains a conduit element 40, which is designed to hold a heat transfer fluid.
  • the conduit element 40 can be designed to hold hot or cold water.
  • the conduit element 40 can be designed, in particular, such that the heat transfer fluid can be distributed as evenly as possible over the surface of the storage plate element 20.
  • the conduit element 40 can be designed as a coiled pipe.
  • Fig. 7c shows a cross-section through a storage disk element 20 according to Fig. 7a According to a second variant along the section plane AA.
  • the storage plate element 20 contains a conduit element 40, which is designed to hold a heat transfer fluid.
  • the conduit element 40 can be used to hold hot water or cold water.
  • the conductor element 40 can be designed in such a way that the heat transfer fluid can be distributed as evenly as possible over the surface of the storage plate element 20.
  • the conductor element 40 can be designed as a tube bundle.
  • a storage element 11 can also be designed as a suspended ceiling or be a component of a suspended ceiling.
  • a suspended ceiling can optionally be provided to improve room acoustics or may be advantageous for architectural reasons.
  • the suspended ceiling can contain a heating or cooling device.
  • a composite concrete element can be used in accordance with [reference to relevant document].
  • EP 3 128 244 B1 be provided for.
  • FIG. 8 Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a first embodiment of a system for temperature control of a building, which includes a heat exchange in a storage element 11.
  • the system for temperature control of a building comprises a storage element 11, a circuit 33 designed for conveying a heating medium or a coolant and a balancing circuit 34 containing a balancing medium, wherein the circuit 33 and the balancing circuit 34 are at least partially arranged in the storage element 11.
  • the heating medium comprises a heating fluid that can flow through the storage element 11 in fluid lines.
  • the fluid lines can be designed as heating lines.
  • the coolant comprises a cooling fluid that can flow through the storage element in fluid lines.
  • the fluid lines can be designed as cooling lines.
  • the fluid lines are alternatively supplied with a heating fluid or a cooling fluid.
  • the compensating medium comprises a temperature control fluid that can flow in compensating lines.
  • the compensating circuit 34 is designed as a closed circuit. If the compensating medium is designed as a temperature control fluid, the temperature control fluid can flow in the compensating lines of the compensating circuit.
  • a conveying medium 38 for example a pump, can be connected to the compensating lines for this purpose.
  • This embodiment has the advantage that the temperature control fluid can always circulate through the storage element(s), so that A mean temperature value can be set.
  • the circuit 33 and the balancing circuit 34 extend over a plurality of storage elements 11.
  • each of the storage elements 11 can be assigned a shut-off device 39, such that a compensating agent is supplied to each of the storage elements 11 only when the corresponding shut-off device 39 is open.
  • the shut-off device 39 can be designed as a valve if the compensating agent is designed as a temperature control fluid.
  • the shut-off device 39 is only opened when a need for temperature control is detected for the storage element 11 in question.
  • the circuit 33 can contain at least one shut-off device 36, 37 to prevent the supply of at least one of the heating media or coolants to the storage element 11 or to the storage elements 11.
  • Fig. 9 This shows a schematic representation of a second embodiment of a system for temperature control in a building.
  • the system for temperature control of a building comprises a storage element 11, a first circuit 41 configured for conveying a heating medium, a second circuit 42 configured for conveying a coolant, and a balancing circuit 44 containing a balancing medium, wherein the first circuit 41, the second circuit 42, and the balancing circuit 44 are at least partially arranged within the storage element 11.
  • the first circuit 41, the second circuit 42, and the balancing circuit 44 can extend over a plurality of storage elements 11.
  • the system according to Fig. 9 It therefore contains three circuits, the first circuit 41 being designed for conveying a heating medium, the second circuit 42 for conveying a
  • the system is designed as a coolant and the compensating circuit 44 contains a compensating agent.
  • the heating medium is designed as a heating fluid
  • the heating fluid can flow in heating lines.
  • the coolant is designed as a cooling fluid
  • the cooling fluid can flow in cooling lines.
  • the heating lines are designed only to receive the heating fluid and the cooling lines only to receive the cooling fluid.
  • the compensating agent is designed as a temperature control fluid
  • the temperature control fluid can flow in compensating lines.
  • the heating lines, cooling lines, and compensating lines run at least partially within the storage element 11 or in the storage elements 11.
  • the first circuit 41 is in Fig. 9
  • the second circuit, 42 is shown with a dashed line.
  • the regression loop 44 is represented by a dashed line.
  • the balancing circuit 44 is represented by a solid line. It is designed as a closed circuit. If the balancing medium in the balancing circuit 44 is a balancing fluid, the balancing fluid can circulate through the balancing lines via a conveying medium 48, for example, a pump.
  • At least one of the heating fluids, cooling fluids or compensating fluids contains water.
  • Fig. 9 A system for three storage elements is shown, analogous to the one in Fig. 7a or Fig. 7b
  • the heating lines, cooling lines and compensating lines running in the storage element can contain pipe coils.
  • At least one of the first and second circuits 41, 42 can contain a shut-off device 46, 47 to prevent the supply of at least one of the heating media or coolants to the storage element 11 or to the storage elements 11.
  • the supply of heating fluid to the system can be interrupted by means of a shut-off device 46 when no heating fluid is required.
  • the supply of cooling fluid to the system can be interrupted by means of a shut-off device 47 when no cooling fluid is required.
  • the circulation of compensating fluid in a storage element 11 can be interrupted by means of a shut-off device 49 when no compensating fluid is required for the storage element 11.
  • a method for temperature control of a building comprises the following steps: providing a storage element 11, wherein the storage element 11 contains a circuit 33, 41, 42 in which a heating medium or coolant is conveyed, and wherein the storage element 11 a balancing circuit 34, 44 containing a balancing medium which circulates in a closed circuit through the storage element 11.
  • the storage element includes a first circuit designed to convey a heating medium, a second circuit designed to convey a coolant, and the compensating circuit containing the compensating medium.
  • the storage element can contain a thermal floor or be designed as a thermal floor. This embodiment is particularly suitable for applications requiring only a smaller storage mass.
  • the thermal floor can contain multiple pipe elements for a heat transfer fluid.
  • the heat transfer fluid is, in particular, water, which can be used as a heating or cooling fluid as needed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Other Air-Conditioning Systems (AREA)
  • Central Heating Systems (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Procédé de régulation thermique d'un bâtiment au moyen d'un système comprenant un élément de stockage (11) et un circuit (33, 41, 42) configuré pour transporter au moins un moyen caloporteur ou un moyen frigorigène, dans lequel l'élément de stockage (11) contient au moins une partie du circuit (33, 41, 42), dans lequel l'élément de stockage forme au moins une limite d'une pièce du bâtiment, dans lequel le moyen caloporteur ou le moyen frigorigène est transporté dans le circuit (33, 41, 42), dans lequel l'élément de stockage (11) contient un circuit d'équilibrage (34, 44) configuré pour la compensation de température, dans lequel le circuit d'équilibrage (34, 44) contient un moyen d'équilibrage qui circule dans le circuit d'équilibrage (34, 44) de telle sorte que le moyen caloporteur transfère de l'énergie thermique au moyen d'équilibrage via l'élément de stockage, de telle sorte que de l'énergie thermique est fournie à l'élément de stockage afin de chauffer la pièce contenant l'élément de stockage, ou de telle sorte que le moyen frigorigène extrait de l'énergie thermique du moyen d'équilibrage, de telle sorte que l'élément de stockage est refroidi, l'énergie thermique étant extraite de la pièce à des fins de refroidissement.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le circuit comprend un premier circuit (41) dans lequel le moyen caloporteur est acheminé lorsqu'une augmentation de température est requise, et un deuxième circuit (42) dans lequel le moyen frigorigène est acheminé lorsqu'une réduction de température est requise.
  3. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, dans lequel le circuit d'équilibrage (34, 44) contient un moyen de transport (38, 48) au moyen duquel le moyen d'équilibrage est transporté dans le circuit d'équilibrage (34, 44).
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le circuit (33, 41, 42) comprend au moins un moyen d'arrêt (36, 37, 46, 47) de telle sorte qu'au moins l'un des moyens caloporteurs ou moyens frigorigènes soit fourni à l'élément de stockage (11) ou aux éléments de stockage uniquement si une demande de régulation thermique est détectée pour l'élément de stockage (11) concerné qui ne peut être satisfaite au moyen du moyen d'équilibrage.
  5. Système pour la régulation thermique d'un bâtiment comprenant un élément de stockage (11), dans lequel l'élément de stockage (11) contient un circuit (33, 41, 42) qui est configuré pour acheminer au moins un moyen caloporteur ou un moyen frigorigène dans l'élément de stockage (11), dans lequel l'élément de stockage est configuré pour former au moins une limite d'une pièce du bâtiment, dans lequel l'élément de stockage (11) contient un circuit d'équilibrage (34, 44), dans lequel le circuit d'équilibrage (34, 44) est configuré pour la compensation de température, dans lequel le circuit d'équilibrage (34, 44) est configuré pour faire circuler un moyen d'équilibrage, dans lequel le circuit (33, 41, 42) et le circuit d'équilibrage (34, 44) sont au moins partiellement disposés dans l'élément de stockage, dans lequel l'énergie thermique peut être transférée du moyen caloporteur via l'élément de stockage vers le moyen d'équilibrage de sorte que l'énergie thermique peut être fournie à l'élément de stockage afin de chauffer la pièce contenant l'élément de stockage, ou dans lequel l'énergie thermique peut être extraite du moyen d'équilibrage par le moyen frigorigène de sorte que l'élément de stockage peut être refroidi, dans lequel l'énergie thermique peut être extraite de la pièce à des fins de refroidissement.
  6. Système selon la revendication 5, dans lequel le circuit comprend un premier circuit (41) configuré pour transporter le moyen caloporteur et un deuxième circuit (42) configuré pour transporter le moyen frigorigène, dans lequel les premier et deuxième circuits (41, 42) et le circuit d'équilibrage (44) sont disposés au moins partiellement dans l'élément de stockage (11).
  7. Système selon l'une des revendications 5 ou 6, dans lequel le moyen caloporteur comprend un fluide caloporteur qui peut être acheminé à travers l'élément de stockage (11) dans une conduite de fluide et/ou dans lequel le moyen frigorigène comprend un fluide frigorigène qui peut être acheminé à travers l'élément de stockage (11) dans une conduite de fluide.
  8. Système selon la revendication 7, dans lequel la conduite de fluide peut être traversée alternativement par le fluide caloporteur ou le fluide frigorigène.
  9. Système selon la revendication 7, dans lequel une conduite de chauffage séparée est prévue pour le fluide caloporteur et une conduite de refroidissement séparée est prévue pour le fluide frigorigène.
  10. Système selon l'une des revendications 5 à 9, dans lequel le moyen d'équilibrage comprend un fluide de régulation thermique qui peut être acheminé à travers l'élément de stockage (11) dans une conduite d'équilibrage.
  11. Système selon l'une des revendications 5 à 10, dans lequel le circuit d'équilibrage (34, 44) est configuré comme un circuit fermé.
  12. Système selon l'une des revendications 5 à 11, dans lequel le circuit d'équilibrage (34, 44) contient un moyen de transport (38, 48) pour le moyen d'équilibrage.
  13. Système selon l'une des revendications 5 à 12, dans lequel au moins le circuit (33, 41, 42) ou le circuit d'équilibrage (34, 44) s'étend sur plusieurs éléments de stockage.
  14. Système selon l'une des revendications 5 à 13, dans lequel l'élément de stockage (11) ou chacun des éléments de stockage est associé à un moyen d'arrêt (39, 49) de telle sorte qu'un fluide d'équilibrage ne peut être fourni à l'élément de stockage ou à chacun des éléments de stockage que lorsque le moyen d'arrêt correspondant (39, 49) est ouvert.
  15. Système selon l'une des revendications 5 à 14, dans lequel le circuit (33, 41, 42) contient au moins un moyen d'arrêt (36, 37, 46, 47) pour empêcher l'alimentation de l'élément de stockage (11) ou des éléments de stockage en au moins l'un du moyen caloporteur ou du moyen frigorigène.
EP23169921.6A 2022-04-25 2023-04-25 Méthode et système de régulation thermique d'un bâtiment Active EP4269890B1 (fr)

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CN1625673A (zh) 2002-02-01 2005-06-08 Empa瑞士联邦材料检测与研究教育院 热活性的墙壁及天花板元件
DE20320859U1 (de) * 2002-07-01 2005-05-19 Schwab, Armin, Dr.-Ing. Raumelement zur Verbesserung der Wärmespeicherkapazität von Räumen
US20090001185A1 (en) 2007-06-28 2009-01-01 Corvid Homes Structural wall panels and methods and systems for controlling interior climates
DE102007063141A1 (de) 2007-12-26 2009-07-02 Schwieger Piper Wichmann GbR (vertretungsberechtigter Gesellschafter: John Piper, 31311 Uetze Heizungsvorrichtung zum Beheizen eines Gebäudes mittels einer von einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine angetriebenen Wärmepumpe
CH711401B1 (de) * 2015-08-03 2019-05-15 Erne Ag Holzbau Beton-Verbundelement für ein Deckenelement zur Raumtemperierung eines Aufenthaltsraums.
KR102241214B1 (ko) 2019-11-01 2021-04-16 김용엽 태양열 축열고 실내난방 시스템

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EP4269890A1 (fr) 2023-11-01
CH719639B1 (de) 2025-09-30

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