EP4285455A2 - Système de stockage d'énergie électrique, procédé d'accumulation et de déstockage d'énergie électrique et programme informatique - Google Patents

Système de stockage d'énergie électrique, procédé d'accumulation et de déstockage d'énergie électrique et programme informatique

Info

Publication number
EP4285455A2
EP4285455A2 EP22708369.8A EP22708369A EP4285455A2 EP 4285455 A2 EP4285455 A2 EP 4285455A2 EP 22708369 A EP22708369 A EP 22708369A EP 4285455 A2 EP4285455 A2 EP 4285455A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
energy
storage system
hydraulic
compressed gas
converter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22708369.8A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Alexander BÖRGEL
Niko DALKE
Eugen ZUKIN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hypnetic GmbH
Original Assignee
Hypnetic GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hypnetic GmbH filed Critical Hypnetic GmbH
Publication of EP4285455A2 publication Critical patent/EP4285455A2/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B15/00—Systems controlled by a computer
    • G05B15/02—Systems controlled by a computer electric
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in networks by storage of energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/38—Control of exclusively fluid gearing
    • F16H61/40—Control of exclusively fluid gearing hydrostatic
    • F16H61/4078—Fluid exchange between hydrostatic circuits and external sources or consumers
    • F16H61/4096—Fluid exchange between hydrostatic circuits and external sources or consumers with pressure accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J15/00—Systems for storing electric energy specially adapted for power networks
    • H02J15/10—Systems for storing electric energy specially adapted for power networks using storage of hydraulic energy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J15/00—Systems for storing electric energy specially adapted for power networks
    • H02J15/20—Systems for storing electric energy specially adapted for power networks using storage of pneumatic energy, e.g. compressed air energy storage [CAES]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B11/00—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
    • F15B11/06—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor involving features specific to the use of a compressible medium, e.g. air, steam
    • F15B11/072—Combined pneumatic-hydraulic systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B3/00—Intensifiers or fluid-pressure converters, e.g. pressure exchangers; Conveying pressure from one fluid system to another, without contact between the fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/38—Control of exclusively fluid gearing
    • F16H61/40—Control of exclusively fluid gearing hydrostatic
    • F16H61/42—Control of exclusively fluid gearing hydrostatic involving adjustment of a pump or motor with adjustable output or capacity
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical energy storage system for storing and withdrawing electrical energy with at least the following components: a) an electrical connection unit for connecting the energy storage system to an electrical energy supply network, b) a first energy converter which is electrically connected to the electrical connection unit and for conversion of electrical energy supplied via the energy supply network into hydraulic energy, which is provided via a hydraulic medium located in the energy storage system, c) a second energy converter which is hydraulically connected to the first energy converter and for converting the hydraulic energy provided by the first energy converter into gas pressure Energy is set up, which is provided via a compressed gas located in the energy storage system, d) a compressed gas storage unit which is connected to the second energy converter via a compressed gas connection and is set up to store the gas pressure energy provided by the second energy converter in the form of compressed pressure gas.
  • Such an energy storage system can also be referred to as a hydropneumatic energy storage system.
  • the invention also relates to a method for storing and withdrawing electrical energy using an energy storage system of the type mentioned above and a computer program for executing the method.
  • the energy transition plays a central role in climate protection goals.
  • the energy management problems consist in the unpredictability of the energy supply from solar and wind power and the peak loads as well as the unused waste heat the industry.
  • the former leads to planning uncertainties, grid fluctuations and monetary and energy losses in a company's energy procurement. Peak loads cause high costs and also put a strain on local power grids.
  • TWh terawatt hours
  • CAES power plants Conventional compressed air energy storage, also known as CAES power plants, achieve a low level of efficiency and cannot be used in a decentralized manner because they are dependent on underground caverns. What these conventional CAES power plants have in common is that the nitrogen or compressed air is compressed directly by gas compressors during the storage process before it is expanded during the withdrawal process via gas turbines with power output. The compression heat generated in the gas compressor results in a relatively low level of efficiency and cooling systems are required. The higher the gas pressure (and correspondingly the energy density) should be, the more compressor stages are required, the lower the efficiency and the larger the cooling circuit has to be designed.
  • the invention is based on the object of specifying even more efficient and long-lasting options for storing electrical energy using compressed gas.
  • the second energy converter has at least one piston chamber in which a separating piston is movably mounted, the compressed gas being separated from the hydraulic medium by the separating piston, the separating piston comprising a base material and a thermal insulation material which has a lower thermal conductivity than the base material, with the thermal insulation material forming a thermal insulation layer between the compressed gas and the hydraulic medium, g) the second energy converter has at least one hydraulic cylinder and one separate from the hydraulic cylinder and mechanically connected to the hydraulic cylinder coupled pneumatic cylinder, which can be thermally decoupled from the hydraulic cylinder.
  • the energy storage system thus initially has the features a), b), c) and d).
  • the electrical connection unit can, for example, have components for voltage conversion, current conversion and/or frequency conversion of the electrical energy provided by the power supply network.
  • the connection unit can have a transformer and a frequency converter connected downstream of the transformer.
  • the electrical energy supply network can be a public long-distance supply network, or a private energy supply network, eg an internal energy supply network in an industrial company, or a local energy supply network of an energy generation plant, eg a wind farm or a solar energy park.
  • a public long-distance supply network or a private energy supply network, eg an internal energy supply network in an industrial company, or a local energy supply network of an energy generation plant, eg a wind farm or a solar energy park.
  • a different energy supply network or other electrical consumers can be used for withdrawing electrical energy from the energy storage system.
  • the first energy converter can, for example, be implemented in such a way that, with regard to the electrical side, it has an electrical machine, by means of which a hydraulic delivery device, with which the hydraulic medium can be delivered, is driven by means of the electrical energy.
  • the electrical machine can, for example, be designed as an electric motor, e.g. as a synchronous machine or reluctance motor.
  • the hydraulic delivery device can be designed as a hydraulic pump, for example.
  • the design of the hydraulic conveying device as an axial piston machine is advantageous, which leads to a high degree of efficiency in the conversion of mechanical energy into hydraulic energy.
  • an axial piston machine also allows the reverse conversion with high efficiency, i.e. the conversion of hydraulic energy into mechanical energy.
  • the first energy converter can also have several electrical machines acting in parallel and/or several hydraulic conveying devices acting in parallel.
  • the second energy converter can be designed, for example, as a cylinder with a piston that can be moved therein or as an arrangement of a plurality of cylinders with respective movable pistons.
  • the second energy converter can also have several such arrangements, also mixed, which are connected in parallel.
  • the compressed gas storage unit can be formed by one or more gas-tight containers connected in parallel.
  • Electrical energy is withdrawn from the energy storage system by reconverting the gas pressure energy stored in the compressed gas storage unit into electrical energy by means of a decompression process. Similar to storage, withdrawal can take place in two stages, ie via the interposed hydraulic medium, or alternatively also directly by an energy converter which is designed to convert gas pressure energy into electrical energy.
  • an energy converter can be designed, for example, as a gas turbine, by which an electric generator is driven. If the withdrawal is analogous to the storage, ie using an interposed hydraulic medium, the second energy converter can be used for this if it can be operated bidirectionally. The first energy converter can also be used here if it can be operated bidirectionally. Alternatively, another second energy converter can be used to convert the gas pressure energy into hydraulic energy during withdrawal. As an alternative to the first energy converter, a further first energy converter can be used to convert the hydraulic energy into electrical energy during withdrawal. For example, a Pelton turbine with a connected electric generator can be used for the storage.
  • the energy storage system can be designed as an open or closed system.
  • a closed system is characterized in that there is no connection between the compressed gas circuit and the surrounding atmosphere.
  • a compressed gas other than air e.g. nitrogen.
  • an open system there is a connection between the compressed gas circuit and the surrounding atmosphere that can be closed via at least one valve. Through this connection, air from the atmosphere can be taken into the energy storage system or released back into the atmosphere as required.
  • At least part of the second energy converter and/or the compressed gas storage unit can advantageously have a phase change storage medium in which compression heat can be stored.
  • a phase change storage medium can store large amounts of heat and release it again when needed.
  • the materials required for this can be provided easily and inexpensively, with paraffin, water or salt hydrates, for example, being able to be used as the phase change storage medium.
  • An additional cooling medium such as a cooling water circuit or another heat exchanger, in the area of the second energy converter and/or the compressed gas storage unit can be dispensed with.
  • the energy storage system can be constructed in a particularly simple manner.
  • phase change storage medium also called PCM (phase change material)
  • PCM phase change material
  • phase change material has the property that the heat of compression initially causes a temperature increase in the PCM up to the melting point of the PCM. Any additional compression heat leads to a liquefaction of the PCM and no longer directly to a temperature increase in the components (in reality, the temperature increase levels off depending on the heat exchange dynamics (heat transfer surface)). This process is reversible. The heat stored in the PCM can be released again, with the PCM solidifying again below the melting point.
  • the piston space of the movable separating piston can be designed with significantly better thermal insulation, so that the undesirable heat transfer between the compressed gas and the hydraulic medium can be significantly reduced compared to a design of the separating piston without a thermal insulation layer.
  • the floating piston can be made of a base material such as steel, which naturally has a relatively high thermal conductivity. This undesirable heat transfer can be significantly reduced by the thermal insulation layer, which can be arranged, for example, as a plastic layer on one or both surface sides of the floating piston.
  • the second energy converter By designing the second energy converter with hydraulic and pneumatic cylinders that are separated from one another, as indicated in feature g), good thermal decoupling between the compressed gas and the hydraulic medium can also be created.
  • the pneumatic cylinder can be thermally decoupled from the hydraulic cylinder, e.g. by means of a thermal insulation layer arranged between them.
  • each of the cylinders, i. H. the hydraulic cylinder and the problematic cylinder assigned to the hydraulic cylinder have their own piston chamber with a piston arranged movably therein.
  • This design also ensures that the oxygen in the outside air, which is extremely reactive due to the compression, can never come into contact with the hydraulic medium, eg oil.
  • Oil can react explosively with oxygen and high pressure and heat. If normal piston accumulators were used in this concept, oil leaks from the piston seal in combination with the oxygen in the air could be dangerous. In addition to this safety aspect, the oil also ages faster in the presence of oxygen, resulting in more maintenance and/or a shorter lifespan.
  • the hydraulic cylinder and the pneumatic cylinder can each have a piston rod, for example, via which they are mechanically coupled to one another.
  • the mechanical coupling of the piston rods can take place via a material with low thermal conductivity or an arrangement with low thermal conductivity.
  • the hydraulic cylinder can be coupled directly to the pneumatic cylinder assigned to it, e.g. by the cylinders being flanged directly to one another or connected to one another in some other way.
  • the hydraulic cylinder can also be arranged at a distance from the pneumatic cylinder assigned to it, i.e. not directly structurally fastened with its housing to the housing of the pneumatic cylinder.
  • the hydraulic cylinder has a piston chamber which is divided into two separate chambers by a piston movably mounted in the piston chamber, one chamber being able to be filled with the hydraulic medium and the second chamber being able to be filled with an inert gas wherein the energy storage system may have an inert gas reservoir connected or connectable to the second chamber.
  • the energy storage system may have an inert gas reservoir connected or connectable to the second chamber.
  • the pneumatic cylinder has a piston chamber which is divided into two separate chambers by a piston movably mounted in the piston chamber, one chamber being able to be filled with the compressed gas and the second chamber being able to be filled with a non-flammable liquid is, wherein the energy storage system may have a reservoir with the non-combustible liquid, which is connected or connectable to the second chamber of the pneumatic cylinder.
  • the energy storage system may have a reservoir with the non-combustible liquid, which is connected or connectable to the second chamber of the pneumatic cylinder.
  • the inert gas can be, for example, nitrogen.
  • the non-flammable liquid can be water. With this combination, for example, oil can be used as the hydraulic medium and air from the environment as the compressed gas.
  • Such loading of the respective second chamber of the hydraulic cylinder and/or the pneumatic cylinder can also minimize wear on the cylinder. Since a combination of a gas and a liquid is present in the hydraulic cylinder or in the pneumatic cylinder, the piston seals are protected and dry running is avoided. In addition, the piston seals can be stabilized by the back pressure, which means that overall less hydraulic fluid from the hydraulic cylinder and compressed gas from the pneumatic cylinder unintentionally reach the other side of the piston. This arrangement therefore increases the efficiency and the longevity of the energy store.
  • the second energy converter can implement the forced return of the pistons with the help of cyclical back and forth transport of inert gases and non-flammable liquids.
  • the second energy converter can avoid accumulation of combustible gas mixtures, for example air-oxygen in contact with hydraulic fluids, by means of a chamber filled with an inert gas and/or with the help of a chamber filled with a non-flammable liquid within the piston accumulator or double piston accumulator.
  • the effective cross-sectional area of the piston of the hydraulic cylinder is larger or smaller than the effective cross-sectional area of the pneumatic cylinder assigned to the hydraulic cylinder. In this way, a hydraulic-pneumatic pressure intensification can be implemented with little effort.
  • the compressed gas is compressed when storing electrical energy in the energy storage system by means of a multi-stage process, with at least the first stage of compression being carried out by a compression machine that is or can be connected to the compressed gas circuit of the second energy converter.
  • the compression machine can, for example, be designed as a compressor or as an inversely operated gas or compressed air turbine.
  • the compression machine may be present as an additional component of the energy storage system. This has the advantage that whenever there is a need to supply additional compressed gas to the compressed gas circuit of the energy storage system from the outside, this compressed gas can be stored in an already precompressed state. In this way, the efficiency of the energy storage system can be further increased.
  • air can be sucked in from the atmosphere by the compressor and fed into the compressed gas circuit of the second energy converter as pre-compressed air.
  • the compressed gas can already be pre-compressed to a pressure in the range of 40 to 80 bar, for example, when it is fed to the second energy converter.
  • the expansion of the compressed gas takes place when electrical energy is withdrawn from the energy storage system by means of a multi-stage process, with at least the last stage of the expansion being carried out by an expansion machine that is or can be connected to the compressed gas circuit of the second energy converter.
  • the expansion machine can be designed, for example, as a gas or compressed air turbine or as an inversely operated compressor. This also allows the efficiency of the energy storage system to be increased further.
  • the compressed gas storage unit has a heat exchanger through which waste heat supplied externally to the heat exchanger or the compression heat stored during loading can be fed to the compressed compressed gas.
  • Additional energy can be supplied to the compressed gas through the heat exchanger of the compressed gas storage unit, with energy being able to be advantageously used which is produced as a waste product, for example in industrial manufacturing processes (so-called waste heat).
  • waste heat energy sources that provide heat
  • other energy sources that provide heat can also be used, eg solar collectors, which are also connected to the heat exchanger. As a result, the efficiency of the energy storage system can be further increased.
  • phase change storage medium is arranged on an outside of at least part of the second energy converter and/or the compressed gas storage unit, on which cooling fins and/or other cooling structures are arranged. In this way, the heat transfer from the compressed gas to which the heat of compression is applied can be optimized into the phase change storage medium.
  • the cooling ribs and/or other cooling structures are covered with a heat-insulating material layer and the phase change storage medium is located in the space between the heat-insulating material layer, the cooling ribs and/or other cooling structures and the outside of at least one part of the second energy converter and / or the compressed gas storage unit remaining cavities is arranged.
  • the phase change storage medium can be at least partially separated from the atmosphere with the heat-insulating material layer.
  • the heat-insulating material layer can, for example, be a plastic layer, for example a plastic film. This allows the corresponding parts of the second energy converter and/or the compressed gas storage unit to be manufactured simply and inexpensively.
  • conventional, commercially available storage containers can be used for the production of the compressed gas storage unit, which are equipped with cooling ribs and/or other cooling structures on the outside.
  • the ones with cooling fins and/or other cooling structures equipped storage containers can then be surrounded with a heat-insulating material layer, for example by arranging them in a bag made of plastic film.
  • the liquid-form phase-change memory medium is filled in the space between the heat-insulating material layer, the cooling fins and the outside.
  • the arrangement formed in this way can then be surrounded on the outside with an additional thermal insulation material.
  • the compression heat stored in the phase change storage medium can be fed back to the compressed gas during the expansion of the compressed gas and/or during withdrawal from the compressed gas storage unit.
  • the energy storage system is designed without a heat exchanger in the area of the second energy converter. This allows the energy storage system to be constructed in a simple and cost-effective manner. Such a heat exchanger can be dispensed with because the phase change storage medium can provide sufficient storage capacity for the heat of compression.
  • the first energy converter is designed as a bidirectional energy converter, through which optionally supplied electrical energy can be converted into hydraulic energy or hydraulic energy can be converted into electrical energy to be stored from the energy storage system.
  • This has the advantage that no further first energy converter is required for the withdrawal process. In this way, the energy storage system can be implemented in a relatively compact and cost-effective manner.
  • the second energy converter is designed as a bidirectional energy converter, through which optionally supplied hydraulic energy can be converted into gas pressure energy or gas pressure energy to be discharged from the compressed gas storage unit can be converted into hydraulic energy.
  • the second energy converter is connected to a hydraulic system that has a tank in which a supply of hydraulic medium is stored.
  • a tank in which a supply of hydraulic medium is stored.
  • the tank can, for example, compensate for the volumetric losses of the hydraulic motor and all other leakage flows.
  • the tank is hydraulically coupled to the second energy converter via a hydraulic pump and a filter. This can ensure that clean hydraulic medium is always supplied to the second energy converter. In this way, a long service life of the energy storage system can be achieved.
  • a phase change storage medium is arranged around the tank and/or in the area of the first energy converter. In this way, unnecessary efficiency losses can be avoided. Due to the phase change storage medium, the hydraulic medium can always be kept at an optimal working temperature.
  • the second energy converter is designed as a single-stroke system in which the maximum storage capacity is limited by the available capacity of the second energy converter for the hydraulic medium.
  • the energy storage system being particularly suitable for implementing a power concept, ie energy can be stored both with high power and energy can be withdrawn with high power.
  • the second energy converter is designed as a cyclically operated alternating stroke system, in which at least when storing electrical energy in the energy storage system, the hydraulic medium cyclically back and forth between a first and a second piston accumulator of the second energy converter is promoted.
  • This has the advantage that very large amounts of energy can be stored.
  • less hydraulic and pneumatic cylinder volume, less hydraulic medium and less tank volume is required.
  • Such an energy storage system is particularly suitable for realizing an energy storage system with a high capacity.
  • a housing that corresponds to a freight container according to ISO 668, in particular a 20-foot or 40-foot freight container.
  • the energy storage system is provided in a manner that is easy for the user to handle.
  • the transport of the energy storage system to the place of use or to different places of use is particularly easy because available transport capacities can be used by conventional commercial vehicles.
  • a further advantage is that a commercially available freight container can be used directly as the housing, so that inexpensive and robust housings are available for implementing the energy storage system.
  • the first energy converter has a hydraulic motor with an adjustable cubic capacity.
  • This has the advantage that a particularly advantageous speed control and/or power control can be implemented in the first energy converter by adjusting the displacement of the hydraulic motor.
  • An advantageous method for storing and withdrawing electrical energy using an energy storage system of the aforementioned type, for example an energy storage system with features a), b), c) and d), comprises the following method steps: i) storing electrical energy in the energy storage system Converting the electrical energy via the first energy converter into hydraulic energy and the hydraulic energy via the second energy converter into gas pressure energy and storing the gas pressure energy in the form of compressed compressed gas in the compressed gas storage unit, j) withdrawing electrical energy from the energy storage system by decompressing compressed compressed gas stored in the compressed gas storage unit and generating hydraulic energy therefrom via the second energy converter or a further second energy converter, and converting the hydraulic energy via the first energy converter or a further first energy converter into electr ical energy and deliver the electrical energy to the electrical power supply network or another electrical consumer.
  • the method can have one, several or all of the following method steps k), I), m): k) thermal energy in the form of industrial waste heat and/or heat from solar collectors is supplied to the energy storage system as a further energy carrier, with the heat energy in the energy storage system being used to the compressed gas located in the compressed gas storage unit is heated, l) the compressed gas circuit of the second energy converter can be connected to the surrounding atmosphere via at least one valve, the valve being opened cyclically when electrical energy is withdrawn from the energy storage system and is closed, the valve being closed in a respective cycle before a specific pressure value of the gas pressure in the compressed gas circuit of the second energy converter is reached, which is above atmospheric pressure, m) the compressed gas storage unit is connected via at least one valve to the Compressed gas circuit of the second energy converter can be connected, with the compressed gas line being opened or closed cyclically with at least one check valve and/or a directional control valve, with the check valve and/or directional control valve being opened or closed in a respective cycle before a specific pressure value of the gas
  • another energy source can thus be used to optimize the efficiency of the energy storage system.
  • the effort required for this is relatively low, since a suitable heat exchanger for absorbing the thermal energy is only required in the energy storage system at a suitable point, e.g. in the compressed gas storage unit.
  • the efficiency of the energy storage system can be optimized by an innovative control of the at least one valve during withdrawal.
  • the valve can be opened at the beginning of a particular cycle and closed again before the end of the cycle.
  • As a closing condition it can be checked, for example, whether the product of pressure and volume in the pneumatic cylinder has reached a specific value. The value depends on the nominal volume of the pneumatic cylinder and the minimum required differential pressure of the hydraulic motor, eg 40 bar.
  • the at least one valve closes in such a way that at the end of the cycle, when the pneumatic piston has reached its end point, the minimum pressure for the hydraulic motor is present.
  • the pneumatic cylinder is reconnected to the atmosphere in the next cycle, only this minimum pressure is lost or a smaller air mass is lost compared to later switching. If a two-stage process is also provided for the withdrawal, the final pressure or the remaining air mass can be Compressed air turbine can be relaxed and is not lost. With this valve switching, the maximum pressure of a standard compressed air turbine can be set exactly.
  • a particularly efficient and low-loss speed control of the hydraulic motor can be implemented, which also benefits the operating efficiency of the energy storage system.
  • the energy storage system can have a control unit, for example a control unit controlled by a computer, by means of which the individual components are controlled.
  • a control unit for example a control unit controlled by a computer, by means of which the individual components are controlled.
  • the required valves in the compressed gas circuit and/or in the hydraulic circuit can also be controlled by the control unit.
  • the object mentioned at the outset is also achieved by a computer program with program code means set up to carry out a method of the type explained above when the computer program is executed on a computer of a control unit of the energy storage system. At least the control functions for controlling the energy storage system can be carried out by the computer program in order to carry out the method steps explained above.
  • the computer program can also be used to implement one, several or all of the following functions: a) digital or analog measurements, storage and processing of at least one of the parameters temperature, pressure, volume flow and mass flow within the electrical energy storage system, b) control of the valves for the Implementation of a multi-stage compression and expansion process within the electrical energy storage system, c) control of the speed and/or position of the displacement of the hydraulic motor of the first energy converter to optimize the energy conversion efficiency and long-lasting operation during charging and/or during the discharging of the electrical energy storage system, d) Implementation of operational monitoring and maintenance of the electrical energy storage system, at least one part of which can be carried out with an increase in machine learning for the purpose of predicting at least one incident and/or loss of use, e) Provision of a digital communication channel or an interface for the integration of the electrical Energy storage system for integration into a virtual power plant and/or in a network of energy storage devices based on a swarm concept, f) automatic generation and transmission of bills for operators and/or users of the electrical energy storage
  • the speed control and/or power control can be implemented via the displacement adjustment of the hydraulic motor, which ensures that the hydraulic motor and the generator are always operated at the optimum operating point.
  • pneumatic or “pneumatic” is used, this does not refer exclusively to air as the gas used, but includes gases of any kind.
  • pneumatic cylinder this also includes piston cylinders that contain a non-flammable liquid in a piston chamber.
  • Figure 1 shows an energy storage system in a first embodiment
  • FIG. 2 shows a second energy converter in a first embodiment
  • FIG. 3 shows a tank
  • Figure 4 shows an energy storage system in a second embodiment
  • Figure 5 shows a second energy converter in a second embodiment
  • Figure 6 shows a compressed gas storage unit in a first embodiment
  • Figure 7 shows a compressed gas storage unit in a second embodiment
  • Figure 8 shows an energy storage system in a third embodiment
  • FIG. 9 shows a second energy converter in a third embodiment.
  • the energy storage system shown in FIG. 1 is designed as a closed system.
  • the energy storage system has an electrical connection unit for connecting the energy storage system to an electrical energy supply network LO, for example to a three-phase network.
  • the electrical connection unit has a transformer L.1 and a frequency converter L.5, L.7.
  • the frequency converter L.5, L.7 is connected to an electrical machine L.8, which is connected to an adjustable axial piston machine L.10 via a clutch L.9.
  • the electrical machine L.8 and the axial piston machine L.10 together with the clutch L.9 form a first energy converter of the energy storage system.
  • the axial piston machine L.10 is hydraulically connected to a hydraulic circuit in which a first valve L.6, a second valve L.11, a tank L.15, a backing pump L.14, which is driven by a motor L.13 can be, and a filter L.12 is arranged.
  • a hydraulic medium, eg oil, can be used in the hydraulic circuit.
  • the first valve L.6 can be designed as a 3/3-way valve, the second valve L.11 as a 2/2-way valve.
  • the first valve can also be designed differently, for example as a combination of several 3/2-way valves or 2/2-way valves.
  • the first valve L.6 is connected to one or more parallel piston accumulators L.3a-L.3d.
  • the piston accumulators L.3a-L.3d form a second energy converter for the energy conversion of hydraulic medium/compressed gas.
  • the piston accumulators L.3a-L.3d are connected to a compressed gas storage unit L.2a-L2.d via compressed gas lines.
  • the compressed gas storage unit L.2a-L.2d can have several storage containers connected in parallel, eg gas cylinders.
  • the pumping work of the axial piston machine L.10 in the piston accumulators L.3a-3d leads to a displacement of the piston “upwards”, i.e. to a reduction in the gas volume, whereupon the gas in the gas cylinders L.2a-2d is compressed and its pressure increases becomes.
  • the 3-3-way valve L.6 is set to position 1, so that the same direction of rotation of the axial piston machine L.10 is achieved when releasing and storing.
  • the axial piston machine L.10 expands the oil under gas pressure and drives the electric machine L.8.
  • the oil is fed back into the tank L.15 via the shut-off valve L.11 position 2. Pure nitrogen can be used as the gas.
  • the E.5 cooling fin frame is covered with a thin layer of plastic and the PCM is placed in the remaining cavities.
  • thermal insulation E.7 for example made of foam, polystyrene, is implemented.
  • the underside of the piston is provided with a heat insulating layer E.11, eg solid plastic, in order to minimize the heat transfer from oil to gas.
  • the effect of the PCM The heat of compression flows over the outer cylinder wall to the cooling fins and to the PCM and initially causes the temperature of these components and the gas to increase up to the melting point of the PCM. Any additional compression heat leads to a liquefaction of the PCM and no longer directly to a temperature increase in the components (in reality, the temperature increase levels off depending on the heat exchange dynamics (heat transfer surface).
  • FIG 3 shows a modified tank, for example the L.15 tank. Similar to the piston accumulator L3a-3d, a cooling fin frame E.5 made of aluminum (alternatively copper, ceramics) can be attached around the tank. The E.5 cooling fin frame is covered with a thin layer of plastic and the PCM is placed in the remaining cavities. A few centimeters thick thermal insulation E.7, e.g. made of foam, styrofoam, is implemented around the plastic layer. The PCM E.6 with the cooling fins E.5 and the insulation E.7 around the tank always keeps the oil at the optimum working temperature, since the optimum working temperature of the oil (46 - 52 °C) corresponds relatively exactly to the melting temperature of the PCM.
  • a cooling fin frame E.5 made of aluminum (alternatively copper, ceramics) can be attached around the tank.
  • the E.5 cooling fin frame is covered with a thin layer of plastic and the PCM is placed in the remaining cavities.
  • FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of an energy storage system that is well suited as a capacity concept.
  • the energy storage system according to FIG. 4 is designed as an open system, which is connected to the atmosphere if necessary.
  • An electrical power supply network KO is connected via an electrical connection unit K.6, K.11, K.12 to the first energy converter K.14, K.15, K.16, K.17.
  • the electrical connection unit can have a transformer K.6 and a frequency converter K.11, K.12.
  • the first energy converter can have an electrical machine K.14 and an axial piston pump K.17 as a conveying device for the hydraulic medium.
  • the electrical machine K.14 is connected to this axial piston machine K.17 via a clutch K.15 and a flywheel mass K.16, which is coupled to the shaft of the axial piston machine K.17.
  • the K.17 axial piston machine is connected to a hydraulic circuit. Similar to the embodiment of FIG. 1, the hydraulic circuit has a tank K.21, a backing pump K.22 with an electric motor K.19 and a filter K.18. Furthermore, there is also a first valve K.13 for controlling the hydraulic medium, which in this case is designed as a 4/3-way valve. Of course, the first valve K.13 can also be formed by a different arrangement of directional control valves.
  • the first valve K.13 serves to connect the hydraulic circuit explained, in particular the axial piston machine K.17, to a first hydraulic cylinder group K.8a-K.8d and a second hydraulic cylinder group K.10a-K.10d.
  • the respective hydraulic cylinders of the two hydraulic cylinder groups K.8a-K.8d, K.10a-K.10d are mechanically coupled via their piston rods to the respective pneumatic cylinders K.7a-K.7d, K.9a-K.9d.
  • These arrangements of the hydraulic cylinders and the pneumatic cylinders form the second energy converter.
  • the hydraulic medium can be pumped alternately from the first hydraulic cylinder group K.8a-K.8d into the second hydraulic cylinder group K.10a-K.10d or in the opposite direction, i.e. from the second hydraulic cylinder group K.10a-K.10d into the first hydraulic cylinder group K.8a-K.8d.
  • Control shut-off valves K.2, K.3 optionally connected to the compressed gas storage unit, which in this case, similar to the embodiment of Figure 1, by several rere parallel gas cylinders K.1 aK.1 d is formed.
  • the compressed gas connections of the pneumatic cylinders can be connected to an atmosphere connection K.21 via control shut-off valves K.4, K.5, optionally via an air filter K.20.
  • the atmosphere connection K.21 is connected to the surrounding air atmosphere.
  • excess electrical energy can be used to drive the electrical machine K.14, which is coupled to the axial piston machine K.17, when storing energy.
  • This converts the mechanical power into hydraulic power and pumps the working fluid (e.g. hydraulic oil) from one or more hydraulic cylinders K.8a-8d connected in parallel into the second group of one or more hydraulic cylinders K.10a-10d connected in parallel .
  • Each hydraulic cylinder is rigidly connected to a pneumatic cylinder K.7a-7d, K.9a-9d.
  • the energy store is fully charged when the pressure in the compressed gas cylinders K.1a-1d reaches a specific maximum pressure (up to 350 or 500 bar).
  • a specific maximum pressure up to 350 or 500 bar.
  • the compressed gas cylinders are always switched to the side with the full hydraulic cylinders and correspondingly empty pneumatic cylinders, so that the function is reversed and the axial piston machine K.17 uses the differential pressure of the compressed gas cylinders to atmospheric pressure to drive the electric machine K.14 can use.
  • FIG. 5 shows an example of one of the hydraulic cylinder/pneumatic cylinder arrangements from FIG Hydraulic cylinder E.9 not.
  • FIG. 6 shows the simplified sectional view of a gas cylinder from the side and a gas cylinder bundle from above.
  • the gas cylinders E.3, e.g. with a volume of 50 to 400 l each, are procured in the required number, provided with the cooling structures E.5 and set up in a frame, e.g. made of steel and/or aluminum, in which several gas cylinders can be accommodated.
  • a frame e.g. made of steel and/or aluminum, in which several gas cylinders can be accommodated.
  • the number of gas cylinder bundles is determined according to the customer's capacity requirements.
  • the PCM E.6 is placed in the cavities.
  • the frame is heated so that the PCM melts and the cavities are fully utilized.
  • thermal insulation E.7 made of e.g. foam, styrofoam, a few centimeters, is implemented around the frame.
  • FIG. 7 shows the simplified sectional view of a gas cylinder from the side and a gas cylinder bundle from above.
  • the gas cylinders E.3 are wrapped with a cuboid water line E.2 with good thermal conductivity, the ends of which are connected to a flow connection E.1 and a return flow connection E.4 of the frame.
  • the heat-carrying water can surround the gas bottles directly and, when the temperature falls below a certain level, can be drained off and replaced with new, heat-carrying water.
  • the frame is finally surrounded with insulation material E.7.
  • the warm water from the industrial waste heat flows in the course to the gas cylinders around, heats it, thereby increasing the gas pressure in it and flows out colder from the return line.
  • the compressed gas storage unit of the entire energy storage system can consist of one or more units according to Figure 6, one or more units according to Figure 7 or a combination of units according to Figures 6 and 7, which, together or separately, are housed in containers can become.
  • the container of the compressed gas storage unit can be insulated from the inside and provided with a compressed gas connection for connection to the container in which the power unit of the energy storage system is housed.
  • the supply and return connection must of course also be provided on the container, where the individual supply and return connections of the waste heat capacity units are interconnected.
  • FIG. 8 shows a third embodiment of an energy storage system which, like the embodiment in FIG. 4, is designed as an open system.
  • a compression machine K.22 is arranged downstream of the air filter K.23 on the intake side. The air sucked in from the atmosphere is already pre-compressed and fed into the compressed gas circuit by the compression machine K.22. In this way, a multi-stage process can be implemented when storing electrical energy in the energy storage system.
  • the compression machine K.22 can be connected to the pneumatic cylinder K.7a via the valve K.2.
  • a connection to the pneumatic cylinder K.9a can also be established by switching the valve K.3.
  • a connection to the compressed gas storage unit K.1a-K.1d can be established via the valve K.5.
  • pressurized gas can be vented from the pressurized gas circuit to atmosphere in a two-stage process.
  • An expansion machine K.27 is available for this purpose, which can be connected to the compressed gas circuit via a valve K.4.
  • the K.27 expansion machine allows additional energy to be recovered when the compressed gas is released into the atmosphere.
  • the second energy converter is configured in the form of respective hydraulic cylinders, which are mechanically coupled to a pneumatic cylinder assigned to them.
  • an embodiment of these coupled cylinders is proposed such that they are mechanically coupled directly to their housings, for example by being flanged to one another. The further details of such an embodiment will be discussed below with reference to FIG.
  • the cylinders K.7a, K.8a and/or the cylinders K.9a, K.10a can be designed in accordance with the embodiment of FIG. 9, or in a different way, as described, for example, with reference to the previously explained exemplary embodiments.
  • the piston chambers of the hydraulic cylinders K.8a, K.10a that are not to be filled with hydraulic medium are connected to a reservoir K.29.
  • An inert gas is stored in the reservoir K.29.
  • the piston chambers of the pneumatic cylinders K.7a, K.9a that are not to be filled with compressed gas are connected to a reservoir K.28.
  • a non-flammable liquid is stored in the reservoir K.28.
  • excess electrical energy can be used to drive the electrical machine K.14, which is coupled to the axial piston machine K.17, when storing energy.
  • This converts the mechanical power into hydraulic power and pumps the working fluid (e.g. hydraulic oil) from at least one hydraulic cylinder K.8a connected in parallel into the second group of hydraulic cylinders K.10a connected in parallel.
  • Each hydraulic cylinder is rigidly connected to a pneumatic cylinder K.7a, K.9a.
  • a loading cycle begins with the pneumatic cylinder K.7a filled with compressed gas to form the compressor K.22.
  • the hydraulic power is used in the first sub-cycle to press the compressed gas into the pneumatic cylinder K.9a, which is connected in parallel.
  • heat can be removed from the compressed gas with the help of the heat exchanger K.26.
  • the working fluid is pressed out of the piston K.10a and pumped into the hydraulic cylinders K.8a via the axial piston machine.
  • the gas volume of the pneumatic cylinder K.9a is smaller than the gas volume of the pneumatic cylinder K.7a, which is why gas compression occurs.
  • the compressor K.22 fills the pneumatic cylinder K.7a with compressed gas, thereby pushing the working fluid out of the hydraulic piston.
  • the axial piston machine conveys the working fluid into the hydraulic cylinder K.10a, while the pressurized gas is compressed in the pneumatic cylinder K.9a and pressed into the gas cylinders K.1a-1d.
  • the first loading cycle is completed after these processes and another loading cycle can begin.
  • the energy store is fully charged when the pressure in the compressed gas cylinders K.1a-1d reaches a specific maximum pressure (up to 350 or 500 bar). The longer the storage period for the required application, the more compressed gas cylinders are used and the more cycles are run through.
  • An unloading cycle starts with the pneumatic cylinder K.9a with minimal gas volume and the hydraulic cylinder K.10a rigidly connected to it, which is completely filled with the hydraulic fluid.
  • the pneumatic cylinder K.7a has a maximum gas volume under pressure.
  • the first sub-cycle begins with the connection of the gas cylinders K.1a-1d to the pneumatic cylinder K.9a.
  • the final pressure of the pneumatic cylinder K.9a can be adjusted by the valve K.5.
  • the working fluid is pushed out of the hydraulic cylinder K.10a by the applied gas pressure and released via the hydraulic motor K.17 and conveyed into the hydraulic cylinder K.8a.
  • the compressed gas in K.7a is expanded via the turbine K.27a.
  • the second partial cycle begins with the connection of the pneumatic cylinder K.9a to the pneumatic cylinder K.7a through the valve K.3. During this process, heat can be added to the compressed gas with the help of the heat exchanger K.26. Due to the differently sized piston areas of the cylinders K.7a and K.8a and the cylinders K.9a and K.10a, a pressure increase is realized which leads to a pressure difference and accordingly to a mechanical output at the hydraulic motor K.17. The electrical machine K.14 converts the mechanical power into electrical power and makes it available again to the connection point via the components K.12 and K.11.
  • FIG. 9 shows an advantageous embodiment of a second energy converter in the form of directly mechanically coupled cylinders K.7a, K.8a.
  • the hydraulic cylinder K.8a has a housing 1 in which a piston 5 is longitudinally movable. is stored.
  • the piston 5 divides the interior of the housing 1 into a first piston chamber 3 and a second piston chamber 4 .
  • the size of the piston chambers 3, 4 is changed.
  • the pneumatic cylinder K.7a has a housing 7 in which a piston 11 is mounted so that it can move longitudinally.
  • the piston 11 divides the interior of the housing 7 into a first piston chamber 9 and a second piston chamber 10 .
  • the size of the piston chambers 9, 10 is changed.
  • the effective piston areas of the pistons 5 and 11 can be the same size or different.
  • the piston area of the piston 5 can be larger or smaller than the piston area of the piston 11 .
  • the housings 1, 7 of the cylinders K.7a, K.8a are connected to one another via flanges 2, 8.
  • the piston 5 is connected to the piston 11 via a continuous piston rod 6 , 12 .
  • the first piston space 3 serves as a receiving space for the hydraulic medium, e.g. oil.
  • the first piston space 9 of the pneumatic cylinder K.7a serves as a receiving space for the compressed gas, e.g. air from the atmosphere.
  • the second piston chamber 4 of the hydraulic cylinder K.8a is connected to the reservoir K.29. Depending on the position of the piston 5, more or less inert gas is stored from the reservoir K.29 in the second piston chamber 4 of the hydraulic cylinder K.8a.
  • the second piston chamber 12 of the pneumatic cylinder K.7a is connected to the reservoir K.28. Depending on the position of the piston 11, more or less non-flammable liquid is stored in the second piston space 12 of the pneumatic cylinder K.7a from the reservoir K.28.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Supply Devices, Intensifiers, Converters, And Telemotors (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de stockage d'énergie électrique servant à l'accumulation et au déstockage d'énergie électrique, qui comprend au moins les éléments suivants : a) une unité de raccordement électrique servant à raccorder le système de stockage d'énergie à un réseau d'alimentation en énergie électrique, b) un premier convertisseur d'énergie, qui est relié électriquement à l'unité de raccordement électrique et est conçu pour convertir l'énergie électrique, acheminée par l'intermédiaire du réseau d'alimentation en énergie, en énergie hydraulique, qui est fournie par l'intermédiaire d'un fluide hydraulique se trouvant dans le système de stockage d'énergie, c) un deuxième convertisseur d'énergie, qui est relié hydrauliquement au premier convertisseur d'énergie et est conçu pour convertir l'énergie hydraulique fournie par le premier convertisseur d'énergie en énergie de pression de gaz, qui est fournie par l'intermédiaire d'un gaz sous pression se trouvant dans le système de stockage d'énergie, d) une unité de stockage de gaz sous pression, qui est reliée au deuxième convertisseur d'énergie par l'intermédiaire d'une liaison de gaz sous pression et est conçue pour stocker l'énergie de pression de gaz fournie par le deuxième convertisseur d'énergie sous la forme d'un gaz sous pression comprimé. Un tel système de stockage d'énergie peut également être qualifié de système de stockage d'énergie hydropneumatique. L'invention concerne en outre un procédé d'accumulation et de déstockage d'énergie électrique au moyen d'un système de stockage d'énergie du type susmentionné et un programme informatique pour la mise en oeuvre dudit procédé.
EP22708369.8A 2021-02-01 2022-01-27 Système de stockage d'énergie électrique, procédé d'accumulation et de déstockage d'énergie électrique et programme informatique Pending EP4285455A2 (fr)

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DE102021102231.2A DE102021102231A1 (de) 2021-02-01 2021-02-01 Elektrisches Energiespeichersystem und Verfahren zur Ein- und Ausspeicherung elektrischer Energie sowie Computerprogramm
PCT/EP2022/051896 WO2022162065A2 (fr) 2021-02-01 2022-01-27 Système de stockage d'énergie électrique, procédé d'accumulation et de déstockage d'énergie électrique et programme informatique

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DE (1) DE102021102231A1 (fr)
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WO2024100766A1 (fr) * 2022-11-08 2024-05-16 株式会社Tmeic Dispositif d'alimentation sans interruption
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JP4021479B2 (ja) 1995-05-16 2007-12-12 グローブマグ・リミテッド・パートナーシップ 少なくとも１本の液圧式軸を備えた装置
DE102005038615A1 (de) 2005-08-16 2007-05-10 Weißbrodt, Frank, Dipl.-Ök. Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Energieumwandlung mittels Druckluftspeicher als permanente Energiespeicher und der Kopplung leistungssteigernder Module
US8063511B2 (en) * 2008-05-27 2011-11-22 Expansion Energy, Llc System and method for liquid air production, power storage and power release
EP2401500A1 (fr) * 2009-02-23 2012-01-04 Novopower Ltd. Compresseur alimenté par un gaz sous pression et système comprenant ledit compresseur
US8286659B2 (en) * 2009-05-22 2012-10-16 General Compression, Inc. Compressor and/or expander device
JP2013515945A (ja) * 2009-12-24 2013-05-09 ジェネラル コンプレッション インコーポレイテッド 圧縮及び／又は膨張装置内の伝熱を最適化する方法及び装置
US8522538B2 (en) * 2011-11-11 2013-09-03 General Compression, Inc. Systems and methods for compressing and/or expanding a gas utilizing a bi-directional piston and hydraulic actuator
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DE102012025763B3 (de) 2012-06-22 2017-11-30 Thixo Ii Gmbh Energieerzeugung mit Energiespeicheranlage und Verdichter im Windradturm
ES2598804T3 (es) * 2012-09-28 2017-01-30 Enrichment Technology Company Ltd. Módulo de almacenamiento de energía móvil
DE102015222983A1 (de) 2015-11-20 2017-05-24 Robert Bosch Gmbh Energiespeichersystem
DE102016117942A1 (de) 2016-09-23 2018-03-29 Arvid Rauchschwalbe Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zur Nutzung von thermischer Energie und zur Schaffung von Temperaturniveaudifferenzen
CA3037196A1 (fr) * 2016-12-21 2018-06-28 A & A International, Llc Systeme integre de conversion, de transfert et d'accumulation d'energie

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WO2022162065A3 (fr) 2022-09-22
AU2022212502A1 (en) 2023-08-17
US20240094689A1 (en) 2024-03-21

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