EP4288649A2 - Gasversorgungssystem, energiewandler und verfahren zum betreiben eines direkteinspritzenden verbrennungsmotors - Google Patents
Gasversorgungssystem, energiewandler und verfahren zum betreiben eines direkteinspritzenden verbrennungsmotorsInfo
- Publication number
- EP4288649A2 EP4288649A2 EP21820456.8A EP21820456A EP4288649A2 EP 4288649 A2 EP4288649 A2 EP 4288649A2 EP 21820456 A EP21820456 A EP 21820456A EP 4288649 A2 EP4288649 A2 EP 4288649A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- combustion engine
- internal combustion
- oxyhydrogen
- supply system
- gas supply
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
- F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
- F02M21/0203—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels characterised by the type of gaseous fuel
- F02M21/0206—Non-hydrocarbon fuels, e.g. hydrogen, ammonia or carbon monoxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
- C25B1/044—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water producing mixed hydrogen and oxygen gas, e.g. Brown's gas [HHO]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/05—Pressure cells
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B43/00—Engines characterised by operating on gaseous fuels; Plants including such engines
- F02B43/10—Engines or plants characterised by use of other specific gases, e.g. acetylene, oxyhydrogen
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B43/00—Engines characterised by operating on gaseous fuels; Plants including such engines
- F02B43/10—Engines or plants characterised by use of other specific gases, e.g. acetylene, oxyhydrogen
- F02B2043/106—Hydrogen obtained by electrolysis
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a gas supply system for an internal combustion engine. Furthermore, the present invention relates to an energy converter which has the gas supply system. The present invention also relates to a method for operating a direct-injection 4-stroke internal combustion engine and a method for operating a direct-injection 2-stroke internal combustion engine
- one object of the present invention is to provide a fuel supply system for a conventional direct-injection internal combustion engine, in which the fuel provided can be produced from a basic substance that is available everywhere and which does not require any structural changes to the combustion engine. gate requires.
- Another object is to provide an energy converter that can be operated using the gas supply system. Further tasks consist in providing a method for operating internal combustion engines which have the fuel supply system.
- this object is achieved by a gas supply system for a direct-injection internal combustion engine, which has an electrolyzer.
- the gas supply system also has an oxyhydrogen tank that stores hydrogen and oxygen from the electrolyzer.
- the oxyhydrogen tank preferably has a volume in the range from 800 cm 3 to 1000 cm 3 . It acts as an expansion tank when supplying gas to the combustion engine.
- the gas supply system has an oxyhydrogen line that is fluidically connected to the oxyhydrogen tank. It is set up to be connected to a high-pressure accumulator (common rail) of the internal combustion engine.
- the gas supply system has an overpressure switch that is set up to switch off the electrolyzer as a function of the pressure in the oxyhydrogen tank.
- the overpressure switch is particularly preferably set up to switch off the electrolyzer when a pressure threshold value in the range from 400 hPa to 800 hPa is reached.
- This overpressure switch has the advantage that, on the one hand, a sufficient supply of oxyhydrogen gas is ensured in the oxyhydrogen tank, so that sufficient oxyhydrogen gas can be made available even in the event of a sudden load change in the combustion engine, and, on the other hand, the pressure in the oxyhydrogen tank is limited to such an extent that it is not too high must be pressure-resistant and that the quantity of detonating gas stored cannot lead to a dangerous deflagration in the event of a leak.
- the gas supply system also has a pressure reducer, which is arranged in the oxyhydrogen line.
- a pressure reducer which is arranged in the oxyhydrogen line.
- the electrolyser, the oxyhydrogen tank, the oxyhydrogen line and, if necessary, the overpressure switch and the pressure reducer can be designed as a common assembly which represents the gas supply system and which can be retrofitted as a whole into the fuel supply system of an internal combustion engine.
- This installation can be between a low-pressure area and a high-pressure area of the fuel supply system.
- the oxyhydrogen line is connected to the high-pressure accumulator in particular via a high-pressure pump of the high-pressure area.
- An inlet of the electrolyzer is connected to a fuel tank, in particular via a low-pressure pump of the low-pressure region. It is preferable to install the gas supply system as close as possible to the high-pressure pump in order to keep the gas-carrying lines short.
- the gas supply system can have a conventional electrolyzer that outputs hydrogen and oxygen separately. These can then be fed into the oxyhydrogen tank through two separate gas lines.
- the electrolyzer which has at least one cathode and at least one anode, preferably differs from conventional electrolyzers from which hydrogen and oxygen are removed separately, however, in that it has a common oxyhydrogen outlet. This means that the gases hydrogen and oxygen produced at the cathode and the anode by electrolysis can still mix in the electrolyser to form oxyhydrogen and then leave the electrolyser through the oxyhydrogen outlet.
- the oxyhydrogen tank is then fluidically connected to the oxyhydrogen outlet.
- the electrolyser does not have to correspond to a preferred design or size, but the design used must enable the functionality described.
- the size of the electrolyser depends on the intended use and is not subject to any minimum or maximum size.
- the electrolyzer has a circular-cylindrical housing. A water inlet is arranged in a circular area and the oxyhydrogen outlet is arranged in a lateral area.
- Such an electrolyzer is intended for the longitudinal axis of its housing to be arranged essentially horizontally, so that water can flow into the housing along or parallel to the longitudinal axis.
- the housing acts simultaneously as an electrolysis space and as a collection space for the
- the gases produced by electrolysis are hydrogen and oxygen, which mix there to form oxyhydrogen and can be fed through the oxyhydrogen outlet into the oxyhydrogen tank.
- the oxyhydrogen outlet is preferably arranged at its uppermost point in the installation position of the electrolyzer.
- a cuboid frame is arranged in the housing.
- the cathode and the anode are each arranged on a side surface of the frame.
- This arrangement of the cathode and the anode is preferably in each case vertical, so that even when the water level in the housing is low, both electrodes are immersed in the water.
- the frame is preferably attached to the two circular surfaces of the housing. This is particularly preferably achieved in that the circular surfaces each have recesses on their side facing the interior of the housing, into which the frame engages.
- the cathode consists in particular of a platinum wire. This is preferably wrapped around a cathode plate of the frame.
- the anode consists in particular of a graphite-based foil. It is arranged in particular between a frame-shaped anode plate of the frame and an anode frame.
- the gas supply system is preferably set up to switch off the electrolyzer automatically.
- the invention in a second aspect, relates to an energy converter which, in addition to the gas supply system, has a direct-injection internal combustion engine whose high-pressure accumulator is fluidically connected to the oxyhydrogen line of the gas supply system.
- a water tank is fluidly connected to a water inlet of the electrolyzer of the gas supply system.
- water is fed from the water tank into the electrolytic cell, where oxyhydrogen gas is produced electrolytically.
- This is temporarily stored in the oxyhydrogen tank and fed through the oxyhydrogen line into the high-pressure accumulator. There it is stored in the same way as a pressurized liquid fuel of the internal combustion engine and injected directly into the cylinders of the internal combustion engine in the same way.
- the oxyhydrogen is introduced into the combustion chamber of a cylinder during an injection stroke (stroke 1 in a 4-stroke combustion engine) of the combustion engine, compressed in a compression stroke (stroke 2) and ignited at the transition to stroke 3.
- stroke 1 in a 4-stroke combustion engine
- stroke 2 compressed in a compression stroke
- stroke 3 the ignition of the oxyhydrogen gas reduces the volume of the gaseous oxyhydrogen gas to the volume of the resulting liquid water due to the formation of liquid water as a combustion product of the hydrogen/oxygen gas mixture.
- This reduction in volume is arithmetically 99.5% and leads to decompression in the cylinder, which arithmetically achieves a value of 199.9:1.
- this value would only be reached under normal conditions, i.e.
- the internal combustion engine designed as a reciprocating piston engine represents a self-contained system that can only react to pressure changes by moving the piston up or down. If the internal combustion engine is a 4-stroke internal combustion engine, in normal use with fossil fuels, the high pressure resulting from the combustion leads to a downward movement of the piston in stroke 3. If, on the other hand, oxyhydrogen is burned in the internal combustion engine, then at the end of In cycle 3, a significant vacuum builds up, which the reciprocating piston, which has meanwhile passed bottom dead center, can only compensate for in cycle 4 by moving upwards. Since the negative pressure is very high, as described above, this generates a force with which the piston is moved upwards in order to compensate for the negative pressure caused by the reduction in volume.
- This force is not an effect of the low overpressure that initially develops when the oxyhydrogen is burned, but rather the reaction of the "combustion engine” system to the disturbance variable "decompression” as a result of the volume reduction of the burned oxyhydrogen gas to the volume of the water produced.
- the combustion engine becomes i.e. it is not driven by the combustion enthalpy of the oxyhydrogen, but by the pressure change in the cylinder at the end of cycle 3.
- the oxyhydrogen combustion only serves to generate a negative pressure as an interference pulse
- the combustion engine reacts to this interference pulse in the only way possible, namely by moving the piston in stroke 4.
- the resulting mechanical energy can be tapped off at the crankshaft.However, the tappable energy in the combustion engine is somewhat lower than theoretically or arithmetically the tensile force on the piston would be to compensate for the vacuum, since during the upward movement of the The exhaust valves are already opened in stroke 4 and part of the negative pressure is thus compensated for by the inflowing air. With the full As the piston moves upwards, the water molecules formed are ejected together with the air that has flowed in.
- the internal combustion engine drives a generator and that the generator is connected to the electrolyzer via an electrical connection. In this way, at least part of the kinetic energy of the internal combustion engine can be converted into electrical energy, with which the electrolyzer can be operated.
- the generator can be driven directly or indirectly. In addition to driving the generator, the combustion engine can also drive other users.
- the generator is electrically connected to an energy store, which is connected to the electrolyzer via the electrical connection.
- an energy store which is connected to the electrolyzer via the electrical connection.
- the energy store can be recharged by means of the generator, so that energy can be kept available for later restarting of the internal combustion engine.
- the energy store can also be used in order to operate a starter of the internal combustion engine and thus to enable a first oxyhydrogen combustion in a piston of the internal combustion engine.
- the electrical connection between the generator and the electrolyzer preferably runs through an overpressure switch in the gas supply system.
- the supply of electrical energy to the electrolyser by a generator can be temporarily interrupted in this way until the pressure has fallen so far that further electrolysis is desired.
- the internal combustion engine can in particular be arranged in a motor vehicle.
- the generator can then be an alternator of the motor vehicle and the energy store can be a battery of the motor vehicle.
- the gas supply system enables the motor vehicle to be operated by burning oxyhydrogen, which is generated from water.
- the water tank is a fuel tank of the motor vehicle. This makes it possible to install the gas supply system as a retrofit element in the fuel supply system of the motor vehicle and to fill the fuel tank with water, which is then forwarded to the electrolyzer.
- the energy converter it can be provided that water vapor produced in the internal combustion engine is condensed and the condensed water is returned to the water tank. Since the electrolyte is not consumed, the required electrolyte concentration in the electrolyzer can be maintained even when the electrolyzer is operated with condensed water. Since a consumer operated with the energy converter functions independently of the ambient air or external oxygen, it can also be operated in a vacuum, under water or in other atmospheres. In principle, the use of the energy converter is technically and geographically possible anywhere and in all areas of application.
- the invention in a third aspect, relates to a method for operating a direct-injection 4-stroke internal combustion engine. This includes introducing gaseous hydrogen and oxygen in an injection stroke (stroke 1) of the internal combustion engine into a cylinder combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine, and compressing and igniting the gaseous hydrogen and oxygen in the compression stroke (stroke 2). By igniting the hydrogen and oxygen, a piston of the internal combustion engine performs a work stroke (cycle 4) in the internal combustion engine by burning hydrogen and oxygen to form water with the accompanying decompression.
- stroke 1 injection stroke
- stroke 2 a piston of the internal combustion engine performs a work stroke (cycle 4) in the internal combustion engine by burning hydrogen and oxygen to form water with the accompanying decompression.
- the internal combustion engine preferably drives a generator which is connected via an electrical connection to an electrolyzer which produces hydrogen and oxygen from a water-electrolyte mixture.
- the internal combustion engine preferably drives a generator which is connected via an electrical connection to an electrolyzer which produces hydrogen and oxygen from a water-electrolyte mixture.
- the direct-injection 2-stroke internal combustion engine has a gas supply system according to the first aspect of the invention.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic of an energy converter according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 4 shows a sectional view of the electrolyzer according to Figure 2.
- FIG. 1 An energy converter according to an embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. In the present exemplary embodiment, this is an energy converter of a motor vehicle.
- This has a gas supply system 10 which was built into the fuel supply system of the motor vehicle.
- An electrolyzer 20 is connected in the gas supply system 10 via a first oxyhydrogen line 11 to an oxyhydrogen tank 12 .
- the oxyhydrogen tank 12 is set up to temporarily store oxyhydrogen gas generated in the electrolyzer 20 and then to release it into a second oxyhydrogen line 13 in which a pressure reducer 14 is arranged.
- An overpressure switch 15 is arranged on the oxyhydrogen tank 12 . It is configured to break an electrical connection that connects the electrolyzer 20 to multiple power sources.
- the cooling water pump (not shown) of the internal combustion engine 50 is switched off.
- the exhaust gas temperature is only in the range from 700°C to 900°C and the oil temperature in the range from 95°C to 105°C.
- Both circular surfaces 220 each have two grooves 229 on their inner side, in which the frame 240 engages and is thus clamped between the two circular surfaces 220 .
- Two O-rings 231, 232 each with different diameters serve to seal off each of the circular surfaces 220 from the lateral surface 210.
- Frame 240 includes cathode plate 241 which is serrated on its top and bottom to engage the meanders of cathode 250 .
- Three fixing strips 242 and three spacers 243 connect the cathode plate 241 to the frame-shaped anode plate 244.
- socket head screws 245 are guided through holes in the cathode plate 241 and the anode plate 244 and end in the fixing strips 242 and the spacers 243.
- Each of the Fixing strips 242 are each guided by three further cylinder screws 246 by means of which the fixing strips 242 are screwed to the inside of the circular surface 220 which has the water inlet 222 .
- a rotational speed of the internal combustion engine 50 of 2000 rpm was assumed, with which a cycle of the four-stroke engine takes a time of 15 ms.
- seawater already contains sodium chloride as an electrolyte. Since the salt content of seawater is too high (approx. 35 g/l seawater), it should be diluted with fresh water (e.g. from an on-board seawater desalination system) (approx. 87 l fresh water to 1 l sea water). In inland shipping, an electrolyte can be added to the fresh water in the required amount.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2021100103 | 2021-02-03 | ||
| PCT/DE2021/100887 WO2022167020A2 (de) | 2021-02-03 | 2021-11-08 | Gasversorgungssystem, energiewandler und verfahren zum betreiben eines direkteinspritzenden verbrennungsmotors |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4288649A2 true EP4288649A2 (de) | 2023-12-13 |
| EP4288649C0 EP4288649C0 (de) | 2024-08-14 |
| EP4288649B1 EP4288649B1 (de) | 2024-08-14 |
Family
ID=74661210
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21820456.8A Active EP4288649B1 (de) | 2021-02-03 | 2021-11-08 | Gasversorgungssystem, energiewandler und verfahren zum betreiben eines direkteinspritzenden verbrennungsmotors |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4288649B1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE112021007030A5 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2993270T3 (de) |
| PL (1) | PL4288649T3 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2022167020A2 (de) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2026006927A1 (en) * | 2024-07-04 | 2026-01-08 | Hygn Energy Inc. | Hydrogen and oxygen electrolysis cell system |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20040149591A1 (en) * | 2001-04-04 | 2004-08-05 | Dennis J. Klein | Apparatus and method for the conversion of water into a new gaseous and combustible form and the combustible gas formed thereby |
| USRE45413E1 (en) * | 2005-11-26 | 2015-03-17 | Exen Holdings, Llc | Multi fuel co-injection system for internal combustion and turbine engines |
| WO2020075178A1 (en) * | 2018-10-08 | 2020-04-16 | Sounthirarajan Kumarasamy | A method and system for supersonic hydrogen fuel powered ic engines |
-
2021
- 2021-11-08 WO PCT/DE2021/100887 patent/WO2022167020A2/de not_active Ceased
- 2021-11-08 DE DE112021007030.4T patent/DE112021007030A5/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2021-11-08 PL PL21820456.8T patent/PL4288649T3/pl unknown
- 2021-11-08 EP EP21820456.8A patent/EP4288649B1/de active Active
- 2021-11-08 ES ES21820456T patent/ES2993270T3/es active Active
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2026006927A1 (en) * | 2024-07-04 | 2026-01-08 | Hygn Energy Inc. | Hydrogen and oxygen electrolysis cell system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP4288649C0 (de) | 2024-08-14 |
| ES2993270T3 (en) | 2024-12-26 |
| DE112021007030A5 (de) | 2023-11-16 |
| WO2022167020A3 (de) | 2022-09-29 |
| PL4288649T3 (pl) | 2025-01-07 |
| WO2022167020A2 (de) | 2022-08-11 |
| EP4288649B1 (de) | 2024-08-14 |
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