EP4293823B1 - Aktive antenne mit auf einer konischen oberfläche montierten strahlungselementen - Google Patents

Aktive antenne mit auf einer konischen oberfläche montierten strahlungselementen

Info

Publication number
EP4293823B1
EP4293823B1 EP23178638.5A EP23178638A EP4293823B1 EP 4293823 B1 EP4293823 B1 EP 4293823B1 EP 23178638 A EP23178638 A EP 23178638A EP 4293823 B1 EP4293823 B1 EP 4293823B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
radiating elements
active
active antenna
radiating
antenna
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP23178638.5A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP4293823A1 (de
EP4293823C0 (de
Inventor
Thierry Mazeau
Christian Renard
Anthony Ghiotto
Yohan BELLANGER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
Thales SA
Universite de Bordeaux
Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux
Original Assignee
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
Thales SA
Universite de Bordeaux
Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS, Thales SA, Universite de Bordeaux, Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux filed Critical Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
Publication of EP4293823A1 publication Critical patent/EP4293823A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4293823B1 publication Critical patent/EP4293823B1/de
Publication of EP4293823C0 publication Critical patent/EP4293823C0/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
    • H01Q1/281—Nose antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to active antennas, in particular active antennas for aeronautics, especially fighter jets.
  • active antennas are planar antennas. They consist of a platform carrying radiating elements arranged in a regular pattern.
  • the forward-facing RADAR of a fighter jet transmits and receives on a front antenna, which is capped with a conical radome for aerodynamic reasons.
  • the document EP 0 512 487 B1 reveals a network antenna arranged on a surface having an axis of symmetry and an arbitrary profile (conical, spherical, elliptical, parabolic, hyperbolic, etc.).
  • a phase shifter compensates for the propagation delay for the different radiating elements located along the same generatrix of the surface.
  • the document OF 26 50 603 A1 discloses a phased-array radar antenna comprising a primary feed system and a number of individual radiators.
  • An individual radiator consists of a collector element, which receives the The primary feed system emits radiation from a transmitting element, which radiates into space.
  • An electronically controlled phase shifter is provided between the collecting and transmitting elements of an individual radiator. Phase shifters are used to focus and deflect the antenna beam into a specific sector.
  • WO 2018/036009 A1 discloses an antenna for a base station of a mobile radio communication network.
  • the aim of the present invention is to address this problem.
  • the invention relates to an active antenna according to the attached claims.
  • the present invention relates to the placement of radiating elements on a non-planar support surface in order to create a functional active antenna suitable for being positioned inside a radome of essentially conical shape constituting the nose of an aircraft.
  • the radome is a cone S, with axis A, vertex S0, and semi-vertical angle ⁇ .
  • the support surface is denoted S'.
  • the active antenna 100 allows observation of a domain located in front of the nose of the aircraft, that is to say along a reference direction V which is parallel to the axis A of the conical radome.
  • a reference plane PRef is defined as perpendicular to the reference direction V, passing, for example, through the vertex S0 of the conical radome.
  • the reference plane is equipped with an XY coordinate system.
  • the radiating elements ERij are arranged so as to be parallel to the reference plane PRef.
  • the radiating elements ERij should be arranged on a plurality of concentric, circular rings Ci staggered along axis A.
  • the active antenna 100 is thus arranged, along axis A, to present annular tiers.
  • Each ring has radiating elements on its face oriented along axis A.
  • the radius Ri of the outer edge of a ring Ci is preferably equal to (or slightly less than) the radius of the radome for this position along the axis A.
  • the support surface S' of the active antenna 100 is therefore inscribed in the cone S formed by the radome.
  • the active antenna has a plurality of rings Ci, indexed by the integer i, between 1 and N.
  • Each ring carries a plurality of radiating elements ERij indexed by the integer i and the integer j, between 1 and M.
  • the value M depends on the ring considered. M is therefore a function of i: M(i).
  • the ERij radiating elements are identical to each other. They are planar. For example, they have a square shape. The center of each ERij radiating element is denoted CRij. Alternatively, a radiating element can have another shape (circular, elliptical, etc.) or be based on a different technology than a planar radiating element, such as a dipole antenna, a Vivaldi antenna, etc.
  • a transverse plane In a transverse plane, they are oriented so as to be parallel to each other, to facilitate, for example, the emission of polarized waves.
  • the radiating elements are rotated in the plane transverse, towards axis A. For the antenna to emit a polarized wave, a relative orientation between the radiating elements must then be taken into account.
  • the normal vector Vij defining the normal direction to the surface of the radiating element ERij is parallel to the axis A, whatever i and whatever j, to allow observation of the domain in front of the antenna.
  • the distance between two successive crowns evaluated along axis A is denoted L.
  • the radiating elements ERij carried by a ring Ci must radiate with a phase compensation ⁇ ij proportional to the path difference dij, i.e. to the distance between the ring Ci and the reference plane PRef, so that the total radiation of the active antenna is equivalent to that of a planar active antenna located in the reference plane PRef.
  • This phase shift in the electronic activation command of the radiating element is referred to here as the "geometric" phase shift. It can be complemented by an “electronic” phase shift to form a beam in a pointing direction D outside the reference direction V.
  • FIG. 2 is a simulation of the radiation from an array antenna consisting of a matrix of 3x3 radiating elements.
  • Curve G1 corresponds to a planar antenna.
  • the curve G2 corresponds to an antenna according to the first embodiment, with two rings and such that the first ring, carrying the central radiating element, is arranged in front of the second ring, carrying the eight other radiating elements, by a distance L which is taken as equal to one times the wavelength.
  • Curve G3 corresponds to an antenna according to the first embodiment, but this time the distance L is taken as equal to five times the wavelength.
  • the 3 dB width of the main lobe is approximately 34°, the gain is 14.6 dB, and the rejection of the side lobes is 16 dB.
  • the 3 dB width is approximately 30°
  • the gain is 13.4 dB
  • the sidelobe rejection is 12 dB.
  • the 3 dB width is approximately 30°, a gain of 14.5 dB (therefore similar to the planar arrangement), and the rejection of the sidelobes of 17.5 dB (i.e. an improvement of 1.5 dB compared to the planar arrangement).
  • the regular pattern can be a Cartesian matrix delimited externally by a circle whose radius corresponds to that of the first (largest) ring and comprising columns of elements radiating along the reference direction X of the PRef plane and rows along the reference direction Y of the PRef plane.
  • the regular pattern exhibits radial symmetry around vertex S.
  • This variant is the one represented on the figure 1 .
  • the radiating elements ERij of the active antenna 200 are distributed not on circular rings, but on polygonal rings C'i, specifically hexagonal ones.
  • the vertices of the outer edge of each polygonal ring rest on the cone defined by the radome.
  • the support surface S' of the active antenna 200 is therefore inscribed within the cone S formed by the radome.
  • This variant allows for consideration of the geometry of the radiating elements and for optimization of the number and placement of the radiating elements.
  • the antenna In a transverse plane, the antenna can be divided into sectors. Two radiating elements located in the same sector are oriented parallel to each other, while two radiating elements in different sectors have a relative orientation. This relative orientation must be taken into account in order to emit radiation with a polarity common to all radiating elements.
  • a relative orientation between radiating elements in the transverse plane can be compensated for example by rotating the radiating elements so that they are all oriented parallel to each other, or by physical or electronic means (such as multiport radiating elements).
  • the ERij radiating elements of the active antenna 300 are also arranged in a ring around axis A, but they are inclined relative to axis A towards the outside of cone S. This is to increase the angular coverage towards the rear of the aircraft's nose.
  • the support surface S' on which the radiating elements are mounted is essentially a cone similar to cone S.
  • the embodiment presented here is particularly simple, in that all the radiating elements ERij are parallel to each other. They have the same angle of inclination with the axis A.
  • the vector Vij normal to the surface of the radiating element ERij makes an angle of inclination with the axis A that depends on the radiating element considered.
  • a reference plane PRef1 is now chosen perpendicular to the reference direction V1.
  • the angle ⁇ 0 is advantageously chosen to be able to depoint the beam along a direction D making a depointing angle ⁇ with respect to the reference direction V1 so as to retain the possibility of observing the domain along the axis of the aircraft, i.e. along the axis A.
  • ⁇ 0 is chosen equal to ⁇ max.
  • the maximum value ⁇ max of the pointing angle is defined as a function of the degradation of the radiation pattern that can be tolerated.
  • the radiating elements ERij that can potentially participate in the observation along the reference direction V1 are the radiating elements of the semi-cone resulting from the section of the cone S by an axial plane P0, orthogonal to the plane defined by the directions A and V1.
  • the radiating element ERij is located from the plane defined by the directions A and V1, the more its projection onto the reference plane PRef1 is distorted.
  • the center CRij of the element ERij projects to the point CEij, which is the center of the equivalent radiating element EEij, resulting from the projection of the element ERij onto the reference plane PRef1.
  • This distortion affects the overall radiation pattern and the power radiated by each radiating element.
  • the power radiated by the radiating element must then be increased to compensate for this deformation so that the active antenna on the conical surface behaves like a planar active antenna in the reference plane.
  • the active network is reduced to the section of the cone between two axial planes P1 and P2 making an angle ⁇ 0 of +/-60° with respect to the plane defined by the directions A and V1.
  • the active antenna according to this second embodiment is symmetrical around the axis A.
  • the active radiating elements for operation along the selected reference direction must radiate with a phase compensation ⁇ sub> ij ⁇ /sub> proportional to the distance d ⁇ sub>ij ⁇ /sub> between their center CR ⁇ sub>ij ⁇ /sub> and the reference plane so that the total radiation of the active antenna is equivalent to that of a planar active antenna located in the reference plane.
  • the inclination of the radiating elements limits the radiating surface due to the masking of the radiating elements from each other when the beam is close to the axis A.
  • the shadow area of a radiating element is proportional to the masking angle and the shape of the radiating element (square, disk, ).
  • One way to increase the radiating surface area of a radiating element is to give it a spherical shape.
  • Another way to limit this masking is to arrange the radiating elements in a staggered pattern from one ring to the other.
  • the radiating elements could be arranged not on circular rings, but on polygonal rings.
  • the present invention presents different ways of arranging the radiating elements of a non-planar antenna in order to increase their number, therefore the EIRP or antenna gain and to control the quality of the radiation patterns to get as close as possible to a planar antenna.
  • an active antenna on a conical support surface allows for the creation of antenna subarrays.
  • the radiating elements of a subarray are aligned in a reference direction specific to that subarray. It is then possible to orient the beam by electronic phase shifting in any direction within an extended RADAR scanning domain.
  • Such an active antenna allows scanning not only forward but also laterally, up to an angle of view relative to the cone axis, for example, on the order of 120°.
  • the invention therefore makes it possible to arrange the radiating elements on a non-planar support surface, preferably conical, to best occupy the internal volume of the conical radome of the nose of an aircraft, while optimizing the number of radiating elements, the angular coverage of the active antenna thus obtained, and the quality of the radiation pattern.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Aktivantenne (100) für Luft- und Raumfahrt, umfassend eine Vielzahl von strahlenden Elementen, wobei die strahlenden Elemente (ERij) auf einer nicht-planaren Trägerfläche angeordnet sind, die in einen Kegel (S) eingeschrieben ist, ein strahlendes Element an einem Punkt (CRij) der Trägerfläche (S') positioniert ist, sodass eine senkrechte Richtung (Vij) zu dem strahlenden Element (ERij) einen Neigungswinkel in Bezug auf eine Achse (A) des Kegels bildet, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Neigungswinkel von jedem strahlenden Element null ist und die Trägerfläche abgestuft ist, um eine Vielzahl von konzentrischen Kränzen (Ci) aufzuweisen, die entlang der Achse (A) des Kegels voneinander beabstandet sind, wobei die strahlenden Elemente auf den verschiedenen Kränzen positioniert sind, wobei die Aktivantenne somit angepasst ist, um im Inneren eines Radoms positioniert zu sein, das die Nase eines Flugzeugs bildet, wobei das Radom den Kegel definiert.
  2. Aktivantenne nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Neigungswinkel derart ist, dass eine Anordnung von aktiven strahlenden Elementen aus der Vielzahl von strahlenden Elementen durch elektronisches Ablenken einen Bereich beobachten kann, der sich vor der Trägerfläche entlang der Achse (A) des Kegels befindet.
  3. Aktivantenne (100) nach Anspruch 1 oder Anspruch 2, wobei die Kränze der Vielzahl von Kränzen kreisförmig oder polygonal sind.
  4. Aktivantenne (100) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei die Projektionen (EEij) der strahlenden Elemente (ERij) in einer Bezugsebene senkrecht zu der Achse (A) des Kegels einem regelmäßigen, kartesisch-symmetrischen oder radialsymmetrischen Muster folgen.
  5. Aktivantenne (100) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, die angepasst ist, sodass, wenn ein strahlendes Element (ERij) aktiv ist, eine sogenannte geometrische Phasenverschiebung eingeführt wird, um einen Stufenunterschied zwischen dem strahlenden Element und einer Bezugsebene, die allen aktiven strahlenden Elementen gemeinsam ist, auszugleichen, damit eine Gesamtstrahlung der Aktivantenne jener einer ebenen Aktivantenne entspricht, die sich in der Bezugsebene befindet.
  6. Aktivantenne (100) nach Anspruch 5, die angepasst ist, sodass, wenn ein strahlendes Element aktiv ist, eine Leistungskorrektur eingeführt wird, um eine Differenz zwischen der Fläche des strahlenden Elements (ERij) und einer Fläche einer Projektion (EEij) des strahlenden Elements in der gemeinsamen Bezugsebene für alle aktiven strahlenden Elemente zu kompensieren.
EP23178638.5A 2022-06-14 2023-06-12 Aktive antenne mit auf einer konischen oberfläche montierten strahlungselementen Active EP4293823B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR2205722A FR3136601B1 (fr) 2022-06-14 2022-06-14 Antenne active dont les éléments rayonnants sont montés sur une surface conique

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4293823A1 EP4293823A1 (de) 2023-12-20
EP4293823B1 true EP4293823B1 (de) 2025-12-03
EP4293823C0 EP4293823C0 (de) 2025-12-03

Family

ID=83594286

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP23178638.5A Active EP4293823B1 (de) 2022-06-14 2023-06-12 Aktive antenne mit auf einer konischen oberfläche montierten strahlungselementen

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4293823B1 (de)
FR (1) FR3136601B1 (de)

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2650603A1 (de) * 1976-11-04 1978-05-11 Siemens Ag Strahlungsgespeiste phasengesteuerte strahlergruppe
FR2676310B1 (fr) * 1991-05-06 1993-11-05 Alcatel Espace Antenne a lobe forme et grand gain.
CN106159464A (zh) * 2016-08-26 2016-11-23 深圳前海科蓝通信有限公司 一种定向窄波选择智能天线系统

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR3136601B1 (fr) 2024-11-15
FR3136601A1 (fr) 2023-12-15
EP4293823A1 (de) 2023-12-20
EP4293823C0 (de) 2025-12-03

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