EP4299832B1 - Einzeln beschichteter karton - Google Patents

Einzeln beschichteter karton Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4299832B1
EP4299832B1 EP22181454.4A EP22181454A EP4299832B1 EP 4299832 B1 EP4299832 B1 EP 4299832B1 EP 22181454 A EP22181454 A EP 22181454A EP 4299832 B1 EP4299832 B1 EP 4299832B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coating
coating layer
paperboard
calcium carbonate
pigment
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP22181454.4A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP4299832A1 (de
EP4299832C0 (de
Inventor
Therese HÄGG
Johan Larsson
Andreas NORDELL
Krister SÄLL
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Billerud AB
Original Assignee
Billerud AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Billerud AB filed Critical Billerud AB
Priority to EP22181454.4A priority Critical patent/EP4299832B1/de
Priority to CN202380050449.6A priority patent/CN119452135A/zh
Priority to EP23733018.8A priority patent/EP4547909A1/de
Priority to PCT/EP2023/067612 priority patent/WO2024003119A1/en
Priority to US18/879,374 priority patent/US20250382746A1/en
Publication of EP4299832A1 publication Critical patent/EP4299832A1/de
Publication of EP4299832C0 publication Critical patent/EP4299832C0/de
Publication of EP4299832B1 publication Critical patent/EP4299832B1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Priority to MX2024015829A priority patent/MX2024015829A/es
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
    • D21H19/36—Coatings with pigments
    • D21H19/38—Coatings with pigments characterised by the pigments
    • D21H19/385—Oxides, hydroxides or carbonates
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
    • D21H19/36—Coatings with pigments
    • D21H19/44—Coatings with pigments characterised by the other ingredients, e.g. the binder or dispersing agent
    • D21H19/56—Macromolecular organic compounds or oligomers thereof obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D21H19/58—Polymers or oligomers of diolefins, aromatic vinyl monomers or unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
    • D21H19/36—Coatings with pigments
    • D21H19/44—Coatings with pigments characterised by the other ingredients, e.g. the binder or dispersing agent
    • D21H19/56—Macromolecular organic compounds or oligomers thereof obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D21H19/60—Polyalkenylalcohols; Polyalkenylethers; Polyalkenylesters
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
    • D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
    • D21H21/16—Sizing or water-repelling agents
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
    • D21H27/10—Packing paper
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
    • D21H27/30—Multi-ply

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of pigment-coated paperboard.
  • Pigment-coated paperboard is commonly provided with at least two coating layers, including a base coating and a top coating, in order to induce certain surface properties.
  • the base coating is used to prime the surface while the top coating is used to adapt the surface properties to specific applications.
  • a barrier coating might also be added.
  • the pigment-coated paperboard is covered with a layer of polyethylene (PE) such that a laminate is formed.
  • PE polyethylene
  • the purpose of the PE layer is normally to provide a barrier and/or to facilitate heat-sealing when a package is formed from the laminate.
  • the laminate it is important that the PE layer adheres firmly to the pigment coating, i.e., that delamination is avoided.
  • EP3388575 A1 describes a coated paperboard comprising a base board having a top side provided with a pigment coating, which pigment coating comprises a pigment mixture, a binder and a rheology modifier.
  • the pigment mixture comprises, by dry weight, 7-17 % of clay, 65-85 % of a first calcium carbonate pigment and 5-25 % of a second calcium carbonate pigment.
  • the particle size distribution of the first calcium carbonate pigment is broader than the distribution of the second calcium carbonate pigment.
  • WO2010/114467 A1 describes a pigment coated paperboard adapted for sterilizable packages and comprising one or more layers, with a pigment coated top layer of bleached kraft pulp.
  • the pigment coating comprises a pigment, a binder, and a rheology modifier, and the pigment comprises at least 50 wt.% calcium carbonate, the binder comprises an acrylic co-polymer, and the rheology modifier comprises an acrylic co-polymer.
  • the present inventors have realized that there is a need to reduce the cost of paperboard manufacturing while maintaining other properties, such as PE-adhesion and surface roughness, at an acceptable level.
  • the present disclosure provides a coated paperboard comprising a paperboard substrate and a coating layer applied directly to a surface of a first side of the paperboard substrate, wherein:
  • Pigment-based coating refers to a coating comprising at least 75% by dry weight of pigment.
  • the coating layer is present on one side of the paperboard substrate and is present as a single layer with no other pigment-based coating layers on said side.
  • the paperboard according to the present disclosure has an improved PE-adhesion, which is advantageous since it prevents delamination during forming of packages from the paperboard.
  • the calcium carbonate pigments of the present disclosure are relatively large and give rise to a coated paperboard having lower surface roughness than what is obtained with single layer coatings comprising finer calcium carbonate pigments.
  • the coating layer is the only pigment-based coating applied to any side of the coated paperboard.
  • the coating layer is applied by dispersion coating and the coated paperboard comprises no other coating layer applied by dispersion coating on the same side of the paperboard as the coating layer.
  • the calcium carbonate pigment is a ground calcium carbonate (GCC).
  • GCC ground calcium carbonate
  • the coat weight of the coating layer is at least 10 g/m 2 , preferably at least 12 g/m 2 .
  • a suitable upper limit for the coat weight is 18 g/m 2 or 20 g/m 2 .
  • the coat weight of the coating layer is 12-16 g/m 2 .
  • the single coating layer can be applied in a coat weight similar to the coat weight of the base coating layer in conventional coated paperboards comprising at least two coating layers.
  • the coating layer is present as a single pigment-based coating layer, it is possible to reduce the total amount of coating used compared to conventional coating materials comprising at least two coating layers and thereby reduce the cost.
  • production of a single-coated product requires one coater and is hence less costly from an investment and operational perspective.
  • the grammage according to ISO 536:2019 of the paperboard substrate may for example be between 100 and 400 g/m 2 , e.g. between 120 and 300 g/m 2 , such as between 125 and 260 g/m 2 .
  • the coated paperboard is a liquid packaging board.
  • the paperboard substrate of the liquid packaging board comprises at least two, such as at least three layers and each layer comprises hydrophobic size.
  • the hydrophobic size may be alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA), alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) and/or rosin size, and each layer of the paperboard substrate may comprise at least 1.5 kg/tonne fibre of the hydrophobic size.
  • each layer comprises at least one of AKD and ASA.
  • the hydrophobic size is preferably added as internal sizing.
  • the present disclosure relates to a coated paperboard comprising a paperboard substrate and a coating layer applied directly to a first surface of said paperboard substrate.
  • the paperboard substrate comprises at least two layers, such as at least three layers wherein the top layer of the paperboard substrate is provided with the pigment coating.
  • the top layer of the paperboard substrate is typically bleached.
  • Each layer of the paperboard substrate may comprise hydrophobic size such as ASA, AKD and/or rosin size. The amount of added hydrophobic size may be 1.5 kg/tonne fibre.
  • the paperboard substrate may comprise other conventional additives such as fillers and colouring agents, however, it is not necessary.
  • the coating layer comprises a polymeric binder and a calcium carbonate pigment.
  • the polymeric binder is a styrene-butadiene copolymer or a styrene-acrylate copolymer.
  • the styrene-acrylate copolymer is preferred, e.g. form an environmental perspective.
  • the calcium carbonate pigment has a particle size distribution (% ⁇ 2 ⁇ m) between 50 and 70.
  • % means percent by weight.
  • the calcium carbonate pigment has a weight median particle size d 50 of 1.1-1.7 ⁇ m, such as 1.2-1.6 ⁇ m.
  • Particle size distribution values can be determined using a SediGraph 5100 or 5120 device from the company Micromeritics, USA.
  • a particle size distribution (% ⁇ 2 ⁇ m) between 50 and 70 means that between 50 wt.% and 70 wt.% of the particles has an equivalent spherical diameter below 2 ⁇ m.
  • % ⁇ 2 ⁇ m is a cut-off value commonly used in the field to define the particle size of a pigment product.
  • “% ⁇ 2 ⁇ m” is a cut-off value commonly used in the field to define the particle size of a pigment product.
  • “60” represents the weight percentage of particles having a diameter below 2 ⁇ m.
  • “90” represents the weight percentage of particles having a diameter below 2 ⁇ m.
  • the calcium carbonate pigment is ground calcium carbonate (GCC).
  • the coating layer comprises the polymeric binder and the calcium carbonate pigment in a dry weight ratio between 10:100 and 17:100, preferably 12:100-17:100.
  • the polymeric binder and the calcium carbonate pigment together, amount to at least 85% of the dry weight of the coating layer, preferably at least 90 % of the dry weight of the coating layer, more preferably at least 95% of the dry weight of the coating layer.
  • the coating layer only comprises a binder, calcium carbonate pigment and optionally a rheology modifier, in dry form.
  • the coating layer is applied directly to a first surface of the paperboard substrate. Said surface is preferably the print side of the paperboard substrate. There is no additional pigment-based coating layer present between the paperboard substrate and the coating layer, hence no "base coating” layer is applied.
  • the coating layer of the present disclosure is a single coating layer that serves the purposes of both a "base coating” layer and a “top coating” layer.
  • the coating layer is the only pigment-based coating applied to any side of the coated paperboard.
  • the coating layer may further comprise a rheology modifier (RM) such as acrylic copolymer emulsions, which may facilitate the application of said coating layer to the paperboard substrate.
  • RM rheology modifier
  • the amount of rheology modifier is typically 0.05-2 % such as 0.1 %-1% of the dry weight of the coating.
  • the coat weight of the coating layer is at least 10 g/m 2 (e.g. 10-20 g/m 2 , such as 10-18 g/m 2 ), preferably at least 12 g/m 2 (e.g. 12-20 g/m 2 , such as 12-18 g/m 2 ).
  • the single coating layer can be applied in a coat weight similar to the coat weight of the base coating layer in conventional coated paperboards comprising at least two coating layers.
  • the coating layer is present as a single pigment-based coating layer, it is possible to reduce the total amount of coating used compared to conventional coating materials comprising at least two coating layers and thereby reduce the cost.
  • production of a single-coated product requires one coater and is hence less costly from an investment and operational perspective.
  • the coating layer may be applied to the first surface of the paperboard substrate by dispersion coating, wherein the dispersion coating comprises a latex binder and a calcium carbonate pigment in an aqueous medium.
  • the coating layer is preferably the only coating layer applied by dispersion coating on the first surface.
  • the coated paperboard is a liquid packaging board.
  • LPB uncoated paperboard
  • the paperboard substrate had a grammage of ⁇ 220 g/m 2 and comprised three layers, wherein the top layer was bleached. All layers comprised hydrophobic size (AKD + rosin size).
  • a reference paperboard was prepared by coating the paperboard substrate with a base coating and a top coating, having a total coat weight of 20 g/m 2 .
  • Table 1 Coating concepts used in the pilot trial. Concepts 1-5 are comparative and concept 6 is inventive. Ref.
  • the used pigments were calcium carbonate and clay.
  • the calcium carbonate pigments were Hydrocarb 90 ("HC 90") having a d 50 of 0.7 ⁇ m, Covercarb 75 (“CC 75") having a d 50 of 0.63 ⁇ m and Hydrocarb 60 (“HC 60") having a d 50 of 1.4 ⁇ m and a particle size distribution (% ⁇ 2 ⁇ m) of 60.
  • the calcium carbonate pigments were all from Omya.
  • the clay pigment was a flaky clay pigment.
  • the polymeric binder was a styrene-acrylate binder used as a latex (SA latex).
  • SA latex styrene-acrylate binder used as a latex
  • the concepts having a single coating structure all had higher PPS and Bendtsen roughness compared to the concepts having a double coating structure (concepts 1-3 and reference). This may be due to the concepts 4-6 only having one coating layer in comparison to the reference and concepts 1-3 having two coating layers.
  • the double coating concepts have higher coat weights (20 g/m 2 and 15.5 g/m 2 ) compared to the single coating concepts (14 g/m 2 ).
  • the single coating structures in this trial thus, seem to behave differently compared to double coating structures in the trial; changes in the different compositions, such as altering the particle size of the pigments or incorporating clay, give rise to different effects.
  • a machine trial was performed by coating uncoated paperboard (LPB) substrates.
  • the paperboard substrate had a grammage of ⁇ 220 g/m 2 and comprised three layers wherein the top layer was bleached. All layers comprised hydrophobic size (AKD + rosin size).
  • the coatings were applied using a blade coater and air dryer.
  • concept 6 had a higher PPS and Bendtsen roughness than the reference and concept 3. As stated above, this could possibly be attributed to concept 6 only having a single coating layer and a lower coat weight.
  • the paperboards in the machine trial were laminated with a layer of polyethylene (PE) on the coated side and the PE-adhesion was tested according to ISO 6133. The results can be seen in Fig 3 .
  • PE polyethylene
  • concept 6 which had the single coating and coarser pigments, had superior PE-adhesion compared to the reference and concept 3. It appears as if the single coating combined with the use of calcium carbonate pigment with larger average particle size give rise to an improved PE-adhesion.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Beschichteter Karton, aufweisend ein Kartonsubstrat und eine Beschichtungsschicht, die direkt auf eine Oberfläche einer ersten Seite des Kartonsubstrats aufgebracht ist, wobei:
    - die Beschichtungsschicht ein polymeres Bindemittel und ein Calciumcarbonatpigment in einem Trockengewichtsverhältnis zwischen 10:100 und 17:100 aufweist;
    - das polymere Bindemittel und das Calciumcarbonatpigment 85 % des Trockengewichts der Beschichtungsschicht ausmachen;
    - die Partikelgrößenverteilung (% < 2 um) des Calciumcarbonatpigments zwischen 50 und 70 liegt;
    - die gewichtsmittlere Partikelgröße d50 des Calciumcarbonatpigments 1,1-1,7 µm beträgt;
    - das polymere Bindemittel ein Styrol-Butadien-Copolymer oder ein Styrol-Acrylat-Copolymer ist; und
    - Die Beschichtungsschicht die einzige pigmentbasierte Beschichtung ist, die auf die erste Seite des beschichteten Kartons aufgebracht ist.
  2. Beschichteter Karton nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Beschichtungsschicht durch Dispersionsbeschichtung aufgebracht ist, und die einzige Beschichtungsschicht ist, die durch Dispersionsbeschichtung auf die erste Seite des beschichteten Kartons aufgebracht ist.
  3. Beschichteter Karton nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Calciumcarbonatpigment gemahlenes Calciumcarbonat ist.
  4. Beschichteter Karton nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Beschichtungsgewicht der Beschichtungsschicht mindestens 10 g/m2, vorzugsweise mindestens 12 g/m2 beträgt.
  5. Beschichteter Karton nach Anspruch 4, wobei das Beschichtungsgewicht der Beschichtungsschicht 10-20 g/m2, beispielsweise 10-18 g/m2, beträgt.
  6. Beschichteter Karton nach Anspruch 4, wobei das Beschichtungsgewicht der Beschichtungsschicht 12-20 g/m2, beispielsweise 12-18 g/m2, beispielsweise 12-16 g/m2, beträgt.
  7. Beschichtete Karton nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, bei dem es sich um einen Flüssigkeitsverpackungskarton (LPB) handelt.
  8. Beschichteter Karton nach Anspruch 7, wobei das Kartonsubstrat mindestens zwei, beispielsweise mindestens drei Schichten, aufweist und jede Schicht hydrophoben Leim aufweist.
  9. Beschichteter Karton nach Anspruch 8, wobei jede Schicht des Kartonsubstrats mindestens 1,5 kg/Tonne Fasern mit hydrophoben Leim aufweist.
  10. Beschichteter Karton nach Anspruch 9, wobei der hydrophobe Leim ASA, AKD und/oder Kolophoniumleim ist.
EP22181454.4A 2022-06-28 2022-06-28 Einzeln beschichteter karton Active EP4299832B1 (de)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP22181454.4A EP4299832B1 (de) 2022-06-28 2022-06-28 Einzeln beschichteter karton
US18/879,374 US20250382746A1 (en) 2022-06-28 2023-06-28 Single coated paperboard
EP23733018.8A EP4547909A1 (de) 2022-06-28 2023-06-28 Einfach beschichtete pappe
PCT/EP2023/067612 WO2024003119A1 (en) 2022-06-28 2023-06-28 Single coated paperboard
CN202380050449.6A CN119452135A (zh) 2022-06-28 2023-06-28 单层涂覆的纸板
MX2024015829A MX2024015829A (es) 2022-06-28 2024-12-17 Cartón de recubrimiento simple

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP22181454.4A EP4299832B1 (de) 2022-06-28 2022-06-28 Einzeln beschichteter karton

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4299832A1 EP4299832A1 (de) 2024-01-03
EP4299832C0 EP4299832C0 (de) 2024-08-07
EP4299832B1 true EP4299832B1 (de) 2024-08-07

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EP22181454.4A Active EP4299832B1 (de) 2022-06-28 2022-06-28 Einzeln beschichteter karton
EP23733018.8A Pending EP4547909A1 (de) 2022-06-28 2023-06-28 Einfach beschichtete pappe

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EP23733018.8A Pending EP4547909A1 (de) 2022-06-28 2023-06-28 Einfach beschichtete pappe

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20250382746A1 (de)
EP (2) EP4299832B1 (de)
CN (1) CN119452135A (de)
MX (1) MX2024015829A (de)
WO (1) WO2024003119A1 (de)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003021040A1 (en) 2001-09-05 2003-03-13 Korsnäs Ab (Publ.) Uncoated paperboard for packages
WO2008061177A2 (en) 2006-11-15 2008-05-22 Dow Global Technologies Inc. Paper coating composition
US20190218719A1 (en) 2018-01-12 2019-07-18 Westrock Mwv, Llc Coating compositions and associated paperboard structures
US10961663B2 (en) 2017-01-25 2021-03-30 Westrock Mwv, Llc Paperboard with low coat weight and high smoothness

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US8142887B2 (en) * 2008-03-21 2012-03-27 Meadwestvaco Corporation Basecoat and associated paperboard structure
SE534561C2 (sv) * 2009-04-03 2011-10-04 Korsnaes Ab Pigmentbestruken kartong för förpackningar, förpackning innefattande pigmentbestruken kartong, användning av sådan kartong, och ett förfarande i en process för tillverkning av kartong
US9732474B2 (en) * 2015-05-29 2017-08-15 International Paper Company Hydrophobic coated paper substrate for polymer emulsion topcoats and method for making same
EP3388575A1 (de) * 2017-04-12 2018-10-17 BillerudKorsnäs AB Pigmentbeschichtete platte mit verbesserter haftung
US20190177920A1 (en) * 2017-12-11 2019-06-13 Graphic Packaging International, Llc Pigmented size press and surface size for coated paper and paperboard
US11578462B2 (en) * 2018-04-27 2023-02-14 Westrock Mwv, Llc Anti-blocking high barrier paperboard structures
WO2020231736A1 (en) * 2019-05-10 2020-11-19 Westrock Mwv, Llc Smooth and low density paperboard structures and methods for manufacturing the same

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003021040A1 (en) 2001-09-05 2003-03-13 Korsnäs Ab (Publ.) Uncoated paperboard for packages
WO2008061177A2 (en) 2006-11-15 2008-05-22 Dow Global Technologies Inc. Paper coating composition
US10961663B2 (en) 2017-01-25 2021-03-30 Westrock Mwv, Llc Paperboard with low coat weight and high smoothness
US20190218719A1 (en) 2018-01-12 2019-07-18 Westrock Mwv, Llc Coating compositions and associated paperboard structures

Non-Patent Citations (3)

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Title
"Master's Thesis, ÅBO AKADEMI KEMISK- TEKNISKA FAKULTETEN", 13 September 2001, article MALMBERG RENÉ: "BASPAPPERETS OCH VISSA PROCESS PARAMETRARS INVERKAN PÅ DET BESTRUKNA PAPPERETS STYVHET", XP093278500
LAUDONE, G.M. MATTHEWS, G.P. GANE, P.A.C. RIDGWAY, C.J. SCHOELKOPF, J.: "Estimation of the effective particle sizes within a paper coating layer using a void network model", CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE, OXFORD, GB, vol. 60, no. 23, 1 December 2005 (2005-12-01), GB , pages 6795 - 6802, XP005042124, ISSN: 0009-2509, DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2005.06.002
LEO NEIMO: "Papermaking Science and Technology: Book 4, Papermaking Chemistry", 1 January 1999, FINNISH PAPER ENGINEERS´ ASSOCIATION AND TAPPI, Helsinki, Finland, ISBN: 952-5216-04-7, article LEO NEIMO: "CHAPTER 7 Internal sizing of paper", pages: 151 - 204, XP009561208

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN119452135A (zh) 2025-02-14
EP4299832A1 (de) 2024-01-03
US20250382746A1 (en) 2025-12-18
WO2024003119A1 (en) 2024-01-04
EP4299832C0 (de) 2024-08-07
EP4547909A1 (de) 2025-05-07
MX2024015829A (es) 2025-04-02

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