EP4320183A1 - Compositions de polyamide ignifuges, leurs utilisations et leurs procedes de preparation - Google Patents
Compositions de polyamide ignifuges, leurs utilisations et leurs procedes de preparationInfo
- Publication number
- EP4320183A1 EP4320183A1 EP22719319.0A EP22719319A EP4320183A1 EP 4320183 A1 EP4320183 A1 EP 4320183A1 EP 22719319 A EP22719319 A EP 22719319A EP 4320183 A1 EP4320183 A1 EP 4320183A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- reactive
- prepolymer
- weight
- flame retardant
- equal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L77/00—Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L77/06—Polyamides derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G69/02—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
- C08G69/08—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids derived from amino-carboxylic acids
- C08G69/14—Lactams
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G69/02—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
- C08G69/26—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
- C08G69/265—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids from at least two different diamines or at least two different dicarboxylic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G69/02—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
- C08G69/36—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids derived from amino acids, polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G69/48—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
- C08J5/0405—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with inorganic fibres
- C08J5/042—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with inorganic fibres with carbon fibres
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
- C08J5/046—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with synthetic macromolecular fibrous material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/32—Phosphorus-containing compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
- C08K5/52—Phosphorus bound to oxygen only
- C08K5/521—Esters of phosphoric acids, e.g. of H3PO4
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/02—Fibres or whiskers
- C08K7/04—Fibres or whiskers inorganic
- C08K7/06—Elements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2377/00—Characterised by the use of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2377/00—Characterised by the use of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2377/06—Polyamides derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/002—Physical properties
- C08K2201/003—Additives being defined by their diameter
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
- C08K5/52—Phosphorus bound to oxygen only
- C08K5/527—Cyclic esters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
- C08K5/53—Phosphorus bound to oxygen bound to oxygen and to carbon only
- C08K5/5313—Phosphinic compounds, e.g. R2=P(:O)OR'
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2201/00—Properties
- C08L2201/02—Flame or fire retardant/resistant
Definitions
- This patent application relates to reactive compositions of fire-retardant polyamides, their uses for the preparation of a fire-retardant composite fibrous material, and the process for preparing said fire-retardant composite fibrous material.
- the composition of polyamides having flame retardants it is necessary for the composition of polyamides having flame retardants to be able to impregnate the fibers suitably; this therefore assumes that the size of the flame retardant particles is not too large, in particular having a D50 less than or equal to 50 ⁇ m for infusible flame retardants and that if the impregnation means envisaged is the fluidized bed, the physico-chemical properties (density in particular) of the flame retardants allow their fluidization and their homogeneous distribution with the polymer powder in the fluidized bed.
- the size of the flame retardant particles is also necessary for the size of the flame retardant particles to be as small as possible, in particular with an average particle diameter close to the dimension (diameter) of the reinforcing fibers of the composite namely generally between 1 and 50pm.
- a flame-retardant polyamide composition must also exhibit high mechanical performance, in particular high rigidity above 80° C., preferably 100° C. even in the wet state.
- a reactive flame-retardant composition for a flame-retardant thermoplastic composite material comprising: a) from 65 to 95% by weight of at least one reactive semi-crystalline polyamide prepolymer of average molecular mass Mn less than or equal to to 8000 g/mol, b) from 5 to 35% by weight of at least one flame retardant chosen from an at least partially fusible flame retardant in powder form and a non-fusible flame retardant in powder form ground beforehand and having an average diameter D50 comprising from 1 to 50 ⁇ m, in particular from 10 to 50 ⁇ m, more particularly from 15 to 25 ⁇ m, and of a mixture thereof, and c) from 0 to 2% by weight of at least one fusible additive or non-fusible and having an average diameter D50 by volume comprised from 1 to 50 ⁇ m, in particular from 10 to 50 ⁇ m, more particularly from 15 to 25 ⁇ m if it is non-fusible and in powder form, said
- - XT is a unit with an amide unit present at a molar rate ranging from 30 to 60%, preferably from 35 to 55%, where X is a linear aliphatic diamine in C to Ci 8 , preferably in C 5 to C12, in particular chosen from C 5 , C 6 , Cio and C12, and where T is terephthalic acid,
- - Z is a unit with amide units present at a molar rate ranging from 5 to 30%, preferably from 10 to 25%, and resulting: from the condensation of at least one lactam or at least one C-amino acid 6 -Ci 4 , or the condensation of at least one diamine and at least one diacid XiY, Xi and Y being C -C 36 , in particular C -Ci 8 , in particular Cio-Ci 2 , the molar sum Z + BACT + XT being equal to 100%, and the sum of the constituents a) + b) + c) being equal to 100% by weight, said reactive semi-crystalline polyamide prepolymer having a melting point Tm ⁇ 300° C, preferably ⁇ 285°C, more preferably ⁇ 280°C, as determined according to ISO 11357-3:2013, a glass transition temperature Tg >80°C, preferably >100°C, more preferably > 120°C determined according to ISO 11357-2:2013 and
- the inventors have therefore unexpectedly found that the use of a flame retardant with a semi-crystalline polyamide prepolymer, said flame retardant being at least partially fusible in the form of powder or non-fusible in the form of powder ground beforehand and having a range of diameter particular D50 average diameter, and optionally an additive having a particular D50 average diameter range, if it is non-fusible in powder form, made it possible to obtain compositions having good properties in terms of flammability and ease of implementation , in particular at a temperature less than or equal to 300-320°C, while exhibiting high mechanical performance, in particular high rigidity above 80°C, preferably 100°C even in the wet state, and suitable for the manufacture of flame retardant thermoplastic composite materials such as impregnated thermoplastic materials reinforced with long or continuous fibers, lightened in term of weight and in particular usable in the field of transport in particular for aviation, flying vehicles in general, new mobility and rail.
- the expression reactive composition means that the composition comprises a reactive semi-crystalline polyamide prepolymer.
- reactive semi-crystalline polyamide prepolymer means that the molecular weight of said reactive semi-crystalline polyamide prepolymer will change during its subsequent processing by reaction of reactive semi-crystalline polyamide prepolymers with each other by polycondensation with release of water. or by substitution or by reaction of reactive prepolymers with a chain extender by polyaddition and without elimination of volatile by-products to lead subsequently after implementation to the final non-reactive semi-crystalline polyamide polymer of the thermoplastic matrix.
- unreactive final semi-crystalline polyamide polymer means that the final semi-crystalline polyamide polymer has a molecular weight which is no longer likely to change significantly, that is to say that its molecular mass in number (Mn) evolves by less than 50% during its implementation and therefore corresponds to the final polymer of the thermoplastic matrix.
- the Mn is determined in particular by the calculation from the rate of the terminal functions determined by potentiometric titration in solution and the functionality of said prepolymers or by NMR assay (Postma et al. (Polymer, 47, 1899-1911 (2006)), preferably by titration.
- said composition is fluidizable.
- fluidizable means: that can be fluidized, which can be fluidized.
- a semi-crystalline polyamide prepolymer within the meaning of the invention, denotes a polyamide prepolymer which has a glass transition temperature determined by dynamic mechanical analysis (DSC) according to standard ISO 11357-2: 2013 and a melting temperature (Tm) determined according to ISO 11357-3:2013.
- DSC dynamic mechanical analysis
- Tm melting temperature
- Said reactive semi-crystalline polyamide prepolymer has a melting temperature Tm ⁇ 300°C, preferably ⁇ 285°C, more preferably ⁇ 280°C, as determined according to standard ISO 11357-3:2013, a glass transition temperature Tg > 80°C, preferably > 100°C, more preferably > 120°C determined according to standard ISO 11357-2: 2013 and a difference between the melting temperature and the crystallization temperature Tf -Te ⁇ 70°C, preferably ⁇ 65°C, more preferably ⁇ 60°C, determined according to standard ISO 11357-3:2013.
- the semi-crystalline polyamide prepolymer has an enthalpy of crystallization in second heating during the cooling step at a speed of 20 K/min in DSC measured according to standard ISO 11357-3 of 2013 greater than 25 J/g, preferably greater than 30 J/g, more preferably greater than 40 J/g.
- the number-average molecular weight (Mn) of said reactive semi-crystalline polyamide prepolymer is less than or equal to 8000 g/mol.
- This number-average molecular mass (Mn) corresponds to the number-average molecular mass (Mn) after extrusion of said composition.
- said number-average molecular weight (Mn) before extrusion is from 500 g/mol to 5000 g/mol, preferably from 1000 g/mol to less than 5000 g/mol, more preferably from 2000 g/mol to less from 5000 g/mol, even more preferably from 3000 g/mol to less than 5000 g/mol.
- said number-average molecular mass (Mn) is comprised from 500 g/mol to 8000 g/mol, preferably from 4000 g/mol to less than 8000 g/mol.
- the number-average molecular mass Mn of said final non-reactive semi-crystalline polyamide polymer is greater than or equal to 8000 g/mol, preferably in a range going from 10,000 g/mol to 40,000 g/mol, preferably from 12,000 g/mol to 30000 g/mol.
- Said reactive polyamide prepolymer comprises or consists of at least one Z/BACT/XT copolyamide.
- said at least one Z/BACT/XT copolyamide is predominantly present, that is to say it is present at at least 50% by weight relative to the total weight of reactive polyamide prepolymer.
- it is present at at least 60% by weight relative to the total weight of reactive polyamide prepolymer.
- said prepolymer consists of at least one Z/BACT/XT copolyamide, then it represents 100% by weight of the total weight of reactive polyamide prepolymer.
- Said Z/BACT/XT copolyamide consists of three units with an amide motif: Z, BACT and XT.
- said reactive semi-crystalline polyamide prepolymer comprises at least two mutually reactive polyamide prepolymers and each carrying two identical terminal functions X' or Y' respectively, said X' function of a prepolymer being able to react only with said function Y' of the other prepolymer, in particular by condensation, more particularly with X' and Y' being amine and carboxyl or carboxyl and amine respectively.
- Said reactive prepolymers are prepared by conventional polycondensation reaction between the corresponding diamine and diacid components and (depending on the Z unit) amino acids or lactams respecting the nature and proportions of the BACT and XT and Z units according to the invention.
- the prepolymers carrying X′ and Y′ amine and carboxy functions on the same chain can be obtained, for example, by adding a combination of monomers (amino acid, diamine, diacid) having in total an equal quantity of amine and carboxy units.
- said reactive semi-crystalline polyamide prepolymer comprises or consists of: a1) at least one prepolymer of said thermoplastic polyamide polymer, carrying n terminal reactive functions X′, chosen from: -NH 2 , -C0 2 H and -OH, preferably NH 2 and -C0 2 H with n being 1 to 3, preferably 1 to 2, more preferably 1 or 2, more particularly 2 a2) at least one chain extender Y-A'- Y, with A' being a hydrocarbon biradical, of non-polymeric structure, carrying 2 identical terminal reactive functions Y, reactive by polyaddition with at least one function X' of said prepolymer a1), preferably of molecular mass less than or equal to or equal to 500, more preferably less than or equal to or equal to 400.
- X′ chosen from: -NH 2 , -C0 2 H and -OH, preferably NH 2 and -C0 2 H with n being 1 to 3, preferably 1 to 2, more preferably 1 or
- X' can be NH 2 or OH, in particular NH 2 and Y is chosen from an anhydride, a maleimide, an optionally blocked isocyanate, an oxazinone, an oxazolinone and an epoxy, and in particular from an anhydride , in particular 3,3',4,4'-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride, an oxazinone, an oxazolinone and an epoxy.
- said reactive semi-crystalline polyamide prepolymer a1) is at least one amine prepolymer (bearing -NH2), of said semi-crystalline polyamide polymer of the thermoplastic matrix, in particular with at least 50% and more particularly with 100% of the groups terminals of said prepolymer a1) being primary amine functions -NH2 and a2) at least one chain extender, non-polymeric and carrying a cyclic carboxylic anhydride group, preferably carried by an aromatic ring, having as a substituent a group comprising an ethylenic or acetylenic, preferably acetylenic, unsaturation, said carboxylic anhydride group possibly being in acid, ester, amide or imide form with said extender a2) being present at a level corresponding to an a2)/(-NH2) molar ratio of less than 0.36, preferably ranging from 0.1 to 0.35, more preferably ranging from 0.15 to 0.35 and even more preferably ranging from 0.15 to 0.
- said extender a2) is chosen from aromatic o-phthalic anhydride compounds bearing in position 4 a substituent group chosen from methyl ethynyl, phenyl ethynyl, 4-(o-phthaloyl) ethynyl, phenyl ethynyl ketone also called phenyl anhydride trimellitic ethynyl and preferably bearing in position 4 a substituent group chosen from methyl ethynyl and phenyl ethynyl ketone.
- said extender a2) defined above has a molecular weight less than or equal to 500, preferably less than or equal to 400.
- X' can also be C0 2 H and Y is chosen from an epoxy, an oxazoline, an oxazine, an imidazoline and an aziridine, such as 1, 1'-iso- or tere-phthaloyl-bis (2-methyl aziridine), in particular an epoxy and an oxazoline.
- Y is chosen from an epoxy, an oxazoline, an oxazine, an imidazoline and an aziridine, such as 1, 1'-iso- or tere-phthaloyl-bis (2-methyl aziridine), in particular an epoxy and an oxazoline.
- X' is C0 2 H and Y-A'-Y is chosen from phenylene bis oxazolines, preferably 1,3-phenylene-bis(2-oxazoline) or 1,4-phenylene-bis(2- oxazoline) (PBO).
- chain extenders bearing Y oxazoline or oxazine reactive functions suitable for the implementation of the invention, reference may be made to those described under references “A”, “B”, “C” and “D”. on page 7 of the application EP 0 581 642, as well as to their methods of preparation and their modes of reaction which are exposed there.
- "A” in this document is bisoxazoline, "B” bisoxazine, "C” 1,3-phenylene bisoxazoline and "D" 1,4-phenylene bisoxazoline.
- chain extenders with a reactive function Y imidazoline suitable for the implementation of the invention, reference may be made to those described (“A” to “F”) on page 7 to 8 and table 1 of the page 10 in the application EP 0 739 924 as well as to their methods of preparation and their modes of reaction which are exposed there.
- chain extenders with a reactive function Y oxazinone or oxazolinone which are suitable for the implementation of the invention, reference may be made to those described under references “A” to “D” on page 7 to 8 of application EP 0 581 641, as well as to their methods of preparation and their methods of reaction which are exposed there.
- Y oxazinone (6-atom cycle) and oxazolinone (5-atom cycle) groups mention may be made of the Y groups derived from: benzoxazinone, oxazinone or oxazolinone, with spacer A′ possibly being a single bond covalent with the respective corresponding extenders being: bis-(benzoxazinone), bisoxazinone and bisoxazolinone.
- the unit with amide units Z is present at a molar rate in the copolyamide ranging from 5 to 30%, preferably from 10 to 25%.
- said lactam is in particular caprolactam, decanolactam, undecanolactam and lauryllactam.
- said at least one lactam is C 6 -Ci 2 , more advantageously C10-C12.
- said unit Z When said unit Z is obtained from the polycondensation of at least one lactam, it can therefore comprise a single lactam or several lactams.
- said unit Z is obtained from the polycondensation of a single lactam and said lactam is chosen from lauryllactam and undecanolactam, advantageously undecanolactam.
- said at least one amino acid is in particular 6-aminohexanoic acid, 9-aminononanoic acid, 10-aminodecanoic acid, 10-aminoundecanoic acid, 12-aminododecanoic acid and 11-aminoundecanoic acid as well as its derivatives, in particular N-heptyl-11-aminoundecanoic acid.
- said at least one amino acid is C 6 -Ci 2 , more advantageously
- said at least one aliphatic semi-crystalline polyamide is obtained from the polycondensation of at least one amino acid, it can therefore comprise a single amino acid or several amino acids.
- said unit Z is obtained from the polycondensation of a single amino acid and said amino acid is chosen from 11-aminoundecanoic acid and 12-aminododecanoic acid, advantageously 11-aminoundecanoic acid.
- said unit Z is obtained is obtained from the polycondensation of at least one diamine and at least one diacid XiY, Xi and Y are C4-C36, in particular C4-C18, in particular C10-C12.
- Said at least one diamine X is an aliphatic diamine and said at least one diacid Y is an aliphatic diacid.
- the diamine can be linear or branched.
- it is linear.
- Said at least one C -C 36 diamine X may be chosen in particular from 1,4-butanediamine, 1,5-pentamethylenediamine, 1,6-hexamethylenediamine, 1,7-heptamethylediamine, 1,8-octamethylediamine , 1,9-nonamethyldiamine, 1,10-decamethyldiamine, 1,11-undecamethyldiamine, 1,12-dodecamethyldiamine, 1,13-tridecamethyldiamine, 1,14-tetradecamethyldiamine, 1,16-hexadecamethyldiamine and 1,18-octadecamethylediamine, octadecenediamine, eicosanediamine, docosanediamine and diamines obtained from fatty acids.
- said at least one diamine X is C 4 -Ci 8 , and is chosen from 1,4-butanediamine, 1,5-pentamethylenediamine, 1,6-hexamethylenediamine, 1,7-heptamethylediamine, 1, 8-octamethyldiamine, 1,9-nonamethyldiamine, 1,10-decamethyldiamine, 1,11-undecamethyldiamine, 1,12-dodecamethyldiamine, 1,13-tridecamethyldiamine, 1,14-tetradecamethyldiamine, 1,16- hexadecamethylediamine and 1,18-octadecamethylediamine.
- said at least one diamine X is C4-C12, and is in particular chosen from 1,4-butanediamine, 1,5-pentamethylenediamine, 1,6-hexamethylenediamine, 1,7-heptamethylediamine, 1, 8-octamethylediamine, 1,9-nonamethylediamine, 1,10-decamethylediamine, 1,11-undecamethylediamine, 1,12-dodecamethylediamine.
- the diamine Ca used is C10-C12, and is in particular chosen from 1,10-decamethylediamine, 1,11-undecamethylediamine, 1,12-dodecamethylediamine.
- Said at least one C -C 36 dicarboxylic acid Y may be chosen from succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, undecanedioic acid , dodecanedioic acid, brassylic acid, tetradecanedioic acid, pentadecanedioic acid, hexadecanedioic acid, octadecanedioic acid, and diacids obtained from fatty acids.
- the diacid can be linear or branched.
- it is linear.
- said at least one dicarboxylic acid Y is in particular C -Ci 8 and is chosen from adipic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, undecanedioic acid, dodecanedioic acid , brassylic acid, tetradecanedioic acid, pentadecanedioic acid, hexadecanedioic acid, octadecanedioic acid.
- said at least one dicarboxylic acid Y is in particular C4-C12, and is chosen from adipic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, undecanedioic acid, dodecanedioic acid .
- said at least one dicarboxylic acid Y is in particular C10-C12, and is chosen from sebacic acid, undecanedioic acid, dodecanedioic acid.
- said unit Z is obtained from the polycondensation of at least one diamine Xi with at least one dicarboxylic acid Y, it can therefore comprise a single diamine or several diamines and a single dicarboxylic acid or several dicarboxylic acids.
- said unit Z is obtained from the polycondensation of a single diamine X1 with a single dicarboxylic acid Y.
- BACT is an amide unit present at a molar rate ranging from 10 to 65%, preferably from 10 to 60%, where BAC is 1,3-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexyl (1,3 BAC), and T is terephthalic acid.
- XT is a unit with an amide unit present at a molar rate ranging from 30 to 60%, preferably from 35 to 55%, where X is a linear aliphatic diamine in C to Ci 8 , preferably in C 5 to C12 , in particular chosen from C 5 , Ce, C10 and C12, and where T is terephthalic acid.
- the C to C 18 diamine X is as defined for the diamine X1.
- the flame retardant used has a thermal degradation start temperature higher than the manufacturing temperature of a composite material comprising the composition of the invention of the reinforcing fibers.
- the flame retardant is present from 5 to 35% by weight and is either an at least partially fusible flame retardant in the form of a powder, or a non-fusible flame retardant in the form of a previously ground powder and having an average diameter D50 by volume of between 1 and 50 miti, in particular from 10 to 50 ⁇ m, more particularly from 15 to 25 ⁇ m, or a mixture of these.
- the at least partially fusible flame retardant has an average diameter D50 by volume of the powder particles comprised from 10 to 300 ⁇ m, in particular from 30 to 200 ⁇ m, more particularly from 45 to 200 ⁇ m.
- the volume diameters of the particles are defined according to the ISO 9276:2014 standard.
- the “D50” corresponds to the volume average diameter, ie the value of the particle size which divides the population of particles examined exactly in two.
- the “D90” corresponds to the value at 90% of the cumulative curve of the particle size distribution by volume.
- the “D10” corresponds to the size of 10% of the volume of the particles.
- At least partially meltable flame retardant means that the flame retardant exhibits at least partial melting at the temperature at which the composition is used, i.e. at around 300°C.
- the diameter of the D50 particles has little influence and can be more important than with a non-fusible flame retardant because the fusible flame retardant in the composition will allow pre-impregnation at the solid state by dry process of long and/or continuous reinforcing fibers (fibrous material) by said composition, then the polymerization reaction of the composition, by heating said reactive composition and at least partial melting of said flame retardant, thus allowing good impregnation of the fibrous material by said composition.
- the flame retardant is completely fusible at a temperature less than or equal to approximately 300° C. or more.
- the at least partially fusible flame retardant can be chosen from liquid phosphates such as triphenyl phosphates and tricresyl phosphate.
- non-fusible flame retardant means that the flame retardant does not exhibit even partial melting at the temperature at which the composition is used, i.e. up to about 300°C.
- the flame retardant is non-fusible, it is then in the form of a previously ground powder and has an average diameter D50 by volume of 1 to 50 ⁇ m, in particular 10 to 50 ⁇ m, more particularly 15 to 25 ⁇ m, and will allow the pre - impregnation in the solid state by dry process of long and/or continuous reinforcing fibers (fibrous material) by said composition, then the polymerization reaction of the composition, by heating said reactive composition without melting said flame retardant which, due to its average diameter D50 by volume comprised from 1 to 50 ⁇ m, will nevertheless allow good impregnation of the fibrous material by said composition.
- the non-fusible flame retardants may in particular be a halogen-free flame retardant, as described in US 2008/0274355 and in particular a phosphorus-based flame retardant, for example a metal salt chosen from a metal salt of phosphinic acid, in particular salts of dialkyl phosphinate, in particular diethyl phosphinate aluminum salt or diethyl aluminum phosphinate, a metallic salt of diphosphinic acid, a mixture of an aluminum phosphinate flame retardant and a nitrogen synergist or a mixture of flame retardant agent based on aluminum phosphinate and a phosphorus synergist, a polymer containing at least one metal salt of phosphinic acid, in particular on an ammonium base such as an ammonium polyphosphate, sulfamate or pentaborate, or based on cyanuric acid, or else a polymer containing at least one metal salt of diphosphinic acid or red phosphorus, an
- the flame retardant can be used alone or with a synergist agent, in particular as described in W02005121234.
- Said at least one additive is present from 0 to 2% by weight in the composition relative to the total weight of constituents a), b) and c) of said composition.
- 0.03 to 2.00% by weight is present in the composition relative to the total weight of constituents a), b) and c) of said composition.
- 0.1 to 2% by weight is present in the composition relative to the total weight of constituents a), b) and c) of said composition.
- It can be fusible or non-fusible.
- fusible and non-fusible have the same meaning here as for flame retardants.
- it When it is non-fusible, it has an average diameter D50 by volume of 1 to 50 ⁇ m, in particular 10 to 50 ⁇ m, more particularly 15 to 25 ⁇ m and is in powder form.
- Said additive may be chosen in particular from carbon fillers, in particular carbon black or carbon nanofillers, preferably chosen from carbon nanofillers, in particular graphenes and/or carbon nanotubes and or carbon nanofibrils or mixtures thereof , a catalyst, an antioxidant, a heat stabilizer, a UV stabilizer, a light stabilizer, a lubricant, a filler, a plasticizer, a flame retardant, a nucleating agent, a chain extender and a colorant or a mixture thereof -this.
- a non-fusible additive is chosen in particular from carbon fillers, in particular carbon black or carbon nanofillers, preferably chosen from carbon nanofillers, in particular graphenes and/or carbon nanotubes and/or carbon nanofibrils or mixtures thereof, catalyst, antioxidant, heat stabilizer, UV stabilizer, light stabilizer, filler, plasticizer and flame retardant.
- a fusible additive is chosen in particular from an antioxidant, a heat stabilizer, a UV stabilizer, a light stabilizer and a plasticizer. Certain categories are mentioned in both fusible and non-fusible additives because depending on their structure and their transformation temperature, they are considered as fusible or not.
- Said composition is obtained by extrusion including melting of said semi-crystalline polyamide prepolymer but with an average molecular weight Mn of less than or equal to 5000 g/mol, of said at least partially fusible flame retardant, and optionally of said fusible additive, then grinding in powder form. .
- extrusion including melting means that the extrusion, which generally requires an extruder which comprises a heated (thermoregulated) cylindrical sleeve inside which rotates at least one endless screw fed through feeders by granule or powder feed hoppers, is carried out at a temperature above the melting point of the semi-crystalline prepolymer as well as that of the flame retardant and of the additive if present and meltable.
- Extrusion can be carried out through a die with circular holes, then cutting cooled rods and drying to make pellets from 1 to 5 millimeters in diameter. The granules are then ground (or micronised) into powder to the desired size.
- Said composition has, after grinding, an average diameter D50 by volume of the powder particles comprised from 10 to 300 ⁇ m, in particular from 30 to 200 ⁇ m, more particularly from 45 to 200 ⁇ m,
- the volume diameter D90 of the powder particles is between 30 and 500 ⁇ m, advantageously from 80 to 300 ⁇ m.
- the volume diameter D10 of the powder particles ranges from 5 to 200 ⁇ m, advantageously from 15 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the diameter by volume of the powder particles is included in the D90/D10 ratio, i.e. between 1.5 and 50, advantageously from 2 to 10.
- the volume diameters of the particles are defined according to the ISO 9276:2014 standard.
- the "D50” corresponds to the volume average diameter, i.e. the value of the particle size which divides the population of particles examined exactly in half.
- the "D90” corresponds to the value at 90% of the cumulative curve of the particle size distribution by volume.
- the "D10" corresponds to the size of 10% of the volume of the particles.
- the extrusion of the constituents of said composition being carried out at a temperature above the melting point of the prepolymer, and the prepolymer being reactive and of initial molar mass less than or equal to 5000 g/mol, a rise in viscosity occurs during said extrusion and said semi-crystalline polyamide prepolymer then has an average molecular mass Mn of less than or equal to 8000 g/mol in the composition after extrusion and grinding.
- composition after extrusion comprises: a) from 65 to 95% by weight of at least one reactive semi-crystalline polyamide prepolymer with an average molecular weight Mn of less than or equal to 8000 g/mol, b) from 5 to 35% by weight of at least one flame retardant as defined above and c) from 0 to 2% by weight of at least one additive as defined above, the sum of the constituents a) + b) + c) being equal to 100 % in weight.
- the composition after extrusion comprises: a) from 65.00 to 94.97% by weight of at least one reactive semi-crystalline polyamide prepolymer with an average molecular weight Mn of less than or equal to 8000 g/mol, b) from 5.00 to 35.00% by weight of at least one flame retardant as defined above and c) from 0.03 to 2.00% by weight of at least one additive as defined above above, the sum of the constituents a) + b) + c) being equal to 100% by weight.
- the composition after extrusion comprises: a) from 65 to 94.9% by weight of at least one reactive semi-crystalline polyamide prepolymer with an average molecular weight Mn of less than or equal to 8000 g/mol, b ) from 5 to 35% by weight of at least one flame retardant as defined above and c) from 0.1 to 2% by weight of at least one additive as defined above, the sum of the constituents a ) + b) + c) being equal to 100% by weight.
- the composition consists of: a) from 65 to 95% by weight of at least one reactive semi-crystalline polyamide prepolymer with an average molecular weight Mn of less than or equal to 8000 g/mol, b) of 5 to 35% by weight of at least one flame retardant as defined above and c) from 0 to 2% by weight of at least one additive as defined above, the sum of the constituents a) + b) + c) being equal to 100% by weight.
- the composition consists of: a) from 65.00 to 94.97% by weight of at least one reactive semi-crystalline polyamide prepolymer with an average molecular weight Mn of less than or equal to 8000 g/mol, b) from 5.00 to 35.00% by weight of at least one flame retardant as defined above and c) from 0.03 to 2.00% by weight of at least one additive as defined above above, the sum of the constituents a) + b) + c) being equal to 100% by weight.
- the composition consists of: a) from 65 to 94.9% by weight of at least one reactive semi-crystalline polyamide prepolymer with an average molecular weight Mn of less than or equal to 8000 g/mol, b ) from 5 to 35% by weight of at least one flame retardant as defined above and c) from 0.1 to 2% by weight of at least one additive as defined above, the sum of the constituents a) + b) + c) being equal to 100% by weight.
- said composition comprises: a) from 65 to 90% by weight of at least one reactive semi-crystalline polyamide prepolymer with an average molecular weight Mn of less than or equal to 8000 g/mol, b) from 10 to 35% by weight of at least one flame retardant as defined above and c) from 0 to 2% by weight of at least one additive as defined above, the sum of the constituents a) + b) + c) being equal to 100% by weight.
- said composition comprises: a) from 65.00 to 89.97% by weight of at least one reactive semi-crystalline polyamide prepolymer with an average molecular weight Mn of less than or equal to 8000 g/ mol, b) from 10.00 to 35.00% by weight of at least one flame retardant as defined above and c) from 0.03 to 2.00% by weight of at least one additive as defined above.
- said composition comprises: a) from 65 to 89.9% by weight of at least one reactive semi-crystalline polyamide prepolymer with an average molecular weight Mn of less than or equal to 8000 g/mol , b) from 10 to 35% by weight of at least one flame retardant as defined above and c) from 0.1 to 2% by weight of at least one additive as defined above.
- said composition consists of: a) from 65 to 90% by weight of at least one reactive semi-crystalline polyamide prepolymer with an average molecular weight Mn of less than or equal to 8000 g/ mol, b) from 10 to 35% by weight of at least one flame retardant as defined above and c) from 0 to 2% by weight of at least one additive as defined above, the sum of the constituents a) + b) + c) being equal to 100% by weight.
- said composition consists of: a) from 65.00 to 89.97% by weight of at least one reactive semi-crystalline polyamide prepolymer with an average molecular mass Mn less than or equal to 8000 g/mol, b) from 10.00 to 35.00% by weight of at least one flame retardant as defined above and c) from 0.03 to 2.00% by weight of at least one additive as defined above.
- said composition comprises: a) from 65 to 88% by weight of at least one reactive semi-crystalline polyamide prepolymer with an average molecular weight Mn of less than or equal to 8000 g/mol, b) from 12 to 35% by weight of at least one flame retardant as defined above and c) from 0 to 2% by weight of at least one additive as defined above. the sum of the constituents a) + b) + c) being equal to 100% by weight.
- said composition comprises: a) from 65.00 to 87.97% by weight of at least one reactive semi-crystalline polyamide prepolymer with an average molecular weight Mn of less than or equal to 8000 g/ mol, b) from 12.00 to 35.00% by weight of at least one flame retardant as defined above and c) from 0.03 to 2.00% by weight of at least one additive as defined above.
- said composition comprises: a) from 65 to 87.9% by weight of at least one reactive semi-crystalline polyamide prepolymer with an average molecular weight Mn of less than or equal to 8000 g/mol , b) from 12 to 35% by weight of at least one flame retardant as defined above and c) from 0.1 to 2% by weight of at least one additive as defined above.
- said composition consists of: a) from 65 to 88% by weight of at least one reactive semi-crystalline polyamide prepolymer with an average molecular weight Mn of less than or equal to 8000 g/ mol, b) from 12 to 35% by weight of at least one flame retardant as defined above and c) from 0 to 2% by weight of at least one additive as defined above, the sum of the constituents a) + b) + c) being equal to 100% by weight.
- said composition consists of: a) from 65.00 to 87.97% by weight of at least one reactive semi-crystalline polyamide prepolymer with an average molecular mass Mn less than or equal to 8000 g/mol, b) from 12.00 to 35.00% by weight of at least one flame retardant as defined above and c) from 0.03 to 2.00% by weight of at least one additive as defined above.
- said composition consists of: a) from 65 to 87.9% by weight of at least one reactive semi-crystalline polyamide prepolymer with an average molecular weight Mn of less than or equal to 8000 g/mol, b) from 12 to 35% by weight of at least one flame retardant as defined above and c) from 0.1 to 2% by weight of at least one additive as defined above.
- said composition comprises: a) from 65 to 85% by weight of at least one reactive semi-crystalline polyamide prepolymer with an average molecular weight Mn of less than or equal to 8000 g/mol, b) from 15 to 35% by weight of at least one flame retardant as defined above and c) from 0 to 2% by weight of at least one additive as defined above the sum of the constituents a) + b) + c) being equal 100% by weight.
- said composition comprises: a) from 65.00 to 84.97% by weight of at least one reactive semi-crystalline polyamide prepolymer with an average molecular weight Mn of less than or equal to 8000 g /mol, b) from 15.00 to 35.00% by weight of at least one flame retardant as defined above and c) from 0.03 to 2.00% by weight of at least one additive such as defined above.
- said composition comprises: a) from 65 to 84.9% by weight of at least one reactive semi-crystalline polyamide prepolymer with an average molecular weight Mn of less than or equal to 8000 g/ mol, b) from 15 to 35% by weight of at least one flame retardant as defined above and c) from 0.1 to 2% by weight of at least one additive as defined above.
- said composition consists of: a) from 65 to 85% by weight of at least one reactive semi-crystalline polyamide prepolymer with an average molecular weight Mn of less than or equal to 8000 g/mol, b) from 15 to 35% by weight of at least one flame retardant as defined above and c) from 0 to 2% by weight of at least one additive as defined above, the sum of the constituents a) + b) + c) being equal to 100% by weight.
- said composition consists of: a) from 65.00 to 84.97% by weight of at least one reactive semi-crystalline polyamide prepolymer with an average molecular mass Mn less than or equal to 8000 g/mol, b) from 15.00 to 35.00% by weight of at least one flame retardant as defined above and c) from 0.03 to 2.00% by weight of at least one additive as defined above.
- said composition consists of: a) from 65 to 84.9% by weight of at least one reactive semi-crystalline polyamide prepolymer with an average molecular weight Mn of less than or equal to 8000 g/mol, b) from 15 to 35% by weight of at least one flame retardant as defined above and c) from 0.1 to 2% by weight of at least one additive as defined above.
- XT is chosen from 5T, 6T, 10T and 12T, more preferably 5T, 6T and 10T.
- XT is 10T, with 10 corresponding to 1,10decamethylediamine.
- Z results from the condensation of an amino acid at Cn.
- XT is chosen from 5T, 6T, 10T and 12T, more preferably 5T, 6T and 10T and Z results from the condensation of an amino acid at Cn.
- XT is 10T, 10 corresponding to 1,10 decanediamine and Z results from the condensation of an amino acid at Cn.
- the composition can be prepared by compounding the various constituents then by grinding the granules obtained to obtain a powder of compounded composition having an average diameter D50 by volume of between 10 and 300 ⁇ m, in particular from 30 to 200 ⁇ m, more particularly from 45 to 200 pm.
- the volume diameter D90 of the powder particles of the compounded composition is between 30 and 500 ⁇ m, advantageously from 80 to 300 ⁇ m.
- the volume diameter D10 of the powder particles of the compounded composition is between 5 and 200 ⁇ m, advantageously between 15 and 100 ⁇ m.
- the diameter by volume of the powder particles of the compounded composition is comprised in the D90/D10 ratio, i.e. comprised from 1.5 to 50, advantageously from 2 to 10.
- the reactive semi-crystalline polyamide prepolymer of said composition defined above, after extrusion, has an average molecular weight Mn of from 1000 to 8000, preferably from 4000 to 8000.
- the present invention relates to the use of a reactive composition as defined above, for the preparation of a fire-retardant composite fibrous material, said fibrous material comprising from 30 to 60% by volume, preferably 35 to 50% by volume of said composition and 40 to 70% by volume, preferably 50 to 65% by volume, of long and/or continuous reinforcing fibers.
- the reinforcing fibers or fibrous reinforcement can be an assembly of long and/or continuous fibers, preferably continuous, that is to say having a form factor defined by the ratio of length to diameter of the fiber, which means that these fibers have a circular section, greater than 1000, preferably greater than 2000.
- the fibers can be long and/or continuous, in the form of unidirectional (UD) or multidirectional (2D, 3D) reinforcement.
- UD unidirectional
- 2D, 3D multidirectional
- they can be in the form of fabrics, sheets, bands or braids and can also be cut, for example, in the form of nonwovens (mats) or in the form of felts.
- These reinforcing fibers can be chosen from:
- the polymeric or polymeric fibers having a melting temperature Tf or, failing that, a glass transition temperature Tg', higher than the polymerization temperature or higher than the melting temperature Tf of said semi-crystalline polyamide constituting said matrix of the composite and higher than the processing temperature
- carbon fibers which includes fibers of nanotubes or carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon nanofibers or graphenes; silica fibers such as glass fibers, in particular of type E, R or S2; boron fibers; ceramic fibers, in particular silicon carbide fibers, boron carbide fibers, boron carbonitride fibers, silicon nitride fibers, boron nitride fibers, basalt or basalt-based fibers; fibers or filaments based on metals and/or their alloys; fibers of metal oxides, in particular alumina (Al 2 O 3 ); metallized fibers such as metallized glass fibers and metallized carbon fibers or mixtures of the aforementioned fibers.
- CNTs carbon nanotubes
- Silica fibers such as glass fibers, in particular of type E, R or S2
- boron fibers ceramic fibers, in particular silicon carbide fibers, boron carbide fibers, boron carbonitride fiber
- these fibers can be chosen as follows:
- the mineral fibers can be chosen from: carbon fibers, carbon nanotube fibers, glass fibers, in particular of type E, R or S2, boron fibers, ceramic fibers, in particular silicon carbide fibers, boron carbide, boron carbonitride fibers, silicon nitride fibers, boron nitride fibers, basalt fibers, fibers or filaments based on metals and/or their alloys, fibers based on metal oxides such as Al 2 O 3 , metallized fibers such as metallized glass fibers and metallized carbon fibers or mixtures of the aforementioned fibers, and
- thermosetting polymer fibers and more particularly chosen from: unsaturated polyesters, epoxy resins, vinyl esters, phenolic resins, polyurethanes, cyanoacrylates and polyimides, such as bis-maleimide resins, aminoplasts resulting from the reaction of an amine such as melamine with an aldehyde such as glyoxal or formaldehyde thermoplastic polymer fibers and more particularly chosen from: polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), high polyolefins density such as polyethylene (PET), polypropylene (PP) and PET/PP copolymers, PVOH (polyvinyl alcohol) polyamide fibers corresponding to one of the formulas: 6, 11, 12, 6.10, 6.12, 6.6, 4.6, aramid fibers (such as Kevlar ® ) and aromatic polyamides such as those corresponding to one of the formulas
- the preferred reinforcing fibers are continuous fibers (with circular section) chosen from: carbon fibers, including metallized, glass fibers, including metallized type E, R, S2, aramid fibers (such as Kevlar ® ) or aromatic polyamides, polyarylether ketone fibers (PAEK), such as polyetherether ketone (PEEK), polyetherketone ketone fibers (PEKK), polyetherketoneetherketone ketone fibers (PEKEKK) or mixtures thereof.
- carbon fibers including metallized, glass fibers, including metallized type E, R, S2, aramid fibers (such as Kevlar ® ) or aromatic polyamides, polyarylether ketone fibers (PAEK), such as polyetherether ketone (PEEK), polyetherketone ketone fibers (PEKK), polyetherketoneetherketone ketone fibers (PEKEKK) or mixtures thereof.
- the more particularly preferred fibers are chosen from: glass fibers, carbon fibers, ceramic fibers and aramid fibers (such as Kevlar® ) or mixtures thereof. These fibers have a circular section.
- the long and/or continuous reinforcing fibers are in particular of circular section with L/D > 1000, preferably > 2000 and more particularly selected from glass, carbon, basalt, ceramic fibers , aramid or mixtures thereof.
- L/D corresponds to the shape factor defined by the ratio of length (L) to diameter (D) of the fiber, which means that these fibers have a circular section with L/D greater than 1000, preferably greater than 2000.
- the present invention relates to a process for manufacturing a flame-retardant thermoplastic composite material, in particular a mechanical part or a structural part based on said material, characterized in that it comprises at least one stage of polymerization of at least one composition as defined above.
- said method comprises the following steps: a) Pre-impregnation in the solid state by dry process of long and or continuous reinforcing fibers with a composition as defined above, b) Polymerization reaction of the composition, by heating said reactive composition with chain extension, as the case may be, by polycondensation reaction or by polyaddition reaction, in mass in the molten state, c) optionally an implementation by molding or by another implementation system and simultaneously with stage b) of polymerization.
- the pre-impregnation can be carried out by deposition of powder, by fluidized bed, equipped or not with at least one baffle (E'), by projection by nozzle or gun by dry process in a tank, equipped or not with at least a barrier (E').
- the composition used for the pre-impregnation is obtained by compounding and grinding as described above.
- the polymerization is carried out by passing the pre-impregnated reinforcing fibers through a heating system provided with at least one bridging part as described in WO2018/234436 or WO2018/234439 or even WO2018/234434.
- the present invention relates to a thermoplastic composite material characterized in that it comprises from 30 to 60% by volume, preferably 35 to 50% by volume of said reactive composition as defined above, polymerized, and of 40 to 70% by volume, preferably 50 to 65% by volume, of long and or continuous reinforcing fibers.
- the present invention relates to a mechanical or structural part of thermoplastic composite material, characterized in that it is based on a composite material as defined above.
- said mechanical part is an automotive part post-treated by cataphoresis.
- said mechanical part is a hybrid metal/composite part for the automobile.
- said mechanical part is a part for a wind turbine.
- said mechanical part is a part for aeronautics.
- said mechanical part is a part for the railway.
- compositions 11 to I2 and C1 were prepared by compounding:
- benzoic acid in a quantity adapted to the targeted Mn and varying (benzoic acid) from 50 to 100 g,
- the closed reactor is purged of its residual oxygen and then heated to a material temperature of 280°C. After 30 minutes of stirring under these conditions, the steam under pressure which has formed in the reactor is gradually expanded over 60 minutes, while gradually increasing the material temperature so that it settles at Tf + 10 °C at atmospheric pressure.
- the expansion must be stopped at approximately 15 bars or have strongly limited the polymer to block its evolution by a chain regulator.
- the polymer or oligomer (prepolymer) is then drained through the bottom valve and then cooled in a water tank and cut into pellets.
- Composition C2 was prepared by dry-blend:
- benzoic acid in a quantity adapted to the targeted Mn and varying (benzoic acid) from 50 to 100 g,
- the closed reactor is purged of its residual oxygen and then heated to a material temperature of 280°C. After 30 minutes of stirring under these conditions, the steam under pressure which has formed in the reactor is gradually expanded over 60 minutes, while gradually increasing the material temperature so that it settles at Tf + 10 °C at atmospheric pressure.
- the expansion must be stopped at approximately 15 bars or the polymer must be strongly limited to block its evolution by a chain regulator.
- the polymer or oligomer (prepolymer) is then drained through the bottom valve and then cooled in a water tank and cut into pellets to make pellets 1 to 5 millimeters in diameter.
- the prepolymer granules with an Mn of less than 5000 g/mol are then ground (or micronized) into powder to the desired size using an impact mill from the company Netzsch CUM 150 and equipped with pin discs.
- the prepolymer granules with an Mn of less than 5000 g/mol are then introduced into a twin-screw extruder with the flame retardant and optionally the additive.
- the rod obtained is cooled and dried to make granules 1 to 5 millimeters in diameter.
- the granules are then ground (or micronized) into powder to the desired size using an impact mill from the company Netzsch CUM 150 and equipped with pin discs.
- Exolit OP 1230 (melting point > 300°G (decomposition)) is marketed by Clariant, boehmite (boiling point 100 9 G at 760 mmHg) is marketed by Nabaltec, melamine (melting point 345°C (decomposition)) is marketed by Delamin (DelflamTMNFR) and Aflammit PCO 900 (melting point: 245°Q) is marketed by Thor.
- 1.3 BAC has a cis/trans ratio of 75/25 mol% and is marketed by (Mitsubishi Gas Chemicals).
- compositions I1 and I2 are prepared by compounding and then ground (D10/D50/D90: 22/81/176 ⁇ m).
- Composition C1 was impossible to prepare by the compounding route and therefore could not be ground subsequently. Indeed, after 5 minutes of compounding, a beginning of degradation of the mixture is observed, this results in an increased expansion of the rod, an increase in pressure, a drop in torque and above all, the increasingly significant presence of smoke. in the chain.
- the melt temperature measured at 305°C the viscosification of the medium linked to the reaction between the flame retardant and the prepolymer of the invention causes excessive self-heating.
- EXAMPLE 2 Compositions I1 and I2 and C2 were tested with a flame propagation test usually practiced named UL94 according to standard NFT 51072 and carried out in test specimens with a thickness of 1.6 mm.
- Example 3 A fibrous material was impregnated with composition 12 of example 1 with a pre-impregnation in a fluidized bed according to the method described in WO2018/234436 and heating of the pre-impregnated carbon reinforcing fiber according to the method described in WO20 18/234439.
- Three reels of 600 linear meters each of prepreg Carbon 12k T700 31 E GC (Toray CFE) were impregnated with 50% by volume of fibers on average per composition 12. These tapes were calibrated to a width of 6.35mm wide on average in this process step.
- the fibrous materials obtained in Example 3 were deposited by a conventional method of placing robotic bands (or AFP method) to thus produce 4 preforms of 350 ⁇ 350 mm 2 in area each.
- These preforms consist of a stack of 16 plies of prepreg in the thickness, all the strips being oriented in the same direction within the same ply and in the constituent plies. Within the same ply, the strips of prepregs are placed next to each other, without overlapping if there is too large a gap ( ⁇ 2mm) between these said strips.
- the 4 preforms thus obtained were consolidated in a subsequent thermocompression step using a heated hydraulic press.
- the preforms are placed in a heating mold consisting of a positive part and a negative part to the dimensions of the preform. These molds are preheated to 300°C, the preforms are then inserted into the mold (negative part) where they are maintained under a pressure of 8 bars for 15 minutes before cooling the two parts of the mold and removing the plates thus consolidated from the mold; the temperature of the plates during demolding is measured at 50°C.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| FR2103582A FR3121680B1 (fr) | 2021-04-08 | 2021-04-08 | Compositions de polyamide ignifuges, leurs utilisations et leurs procedes de preparation |
| PCT/FR2022/050606 WO2022214754A1 (fr) | 2021-04-08 | 2022-03-31 | Compositions de polyamide ignifuges, leurs utilisations et leurs procedes de preparation |
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| FR2694008B1 (fr) | 1992-07-24 | 1994-10-21 | Atochem Elf Sa | Polymères et copolymères issus de l'addition d'oligomères à terminaisons di-amino et di-hydroxy et de bisoxazinones ou de bisoxazolinones, et leur procédé d'obtention. |
| FR2694009B1 (fr) | 1992-07-24 | 1994-10-21 | Atochem Elf Sa | Polymères et copolymères issus de l'addition d'oligomères à terminaisons di-carboxy et de bisoxazines ou bisoxazolines, et leur procédé d'obtention. |
| FR2733757B1 (fr) | 1995-04-27 | 1997-06-20 | Atochem Elf Sa | Polymeres et copolymeres issus de l'addition d'oligomeres a terminaisons di-carboxy et de bisimidazolines, et leur procede d'obtention |
| WO2005121234A2 (fr) | 2005-08-22 | 2005-12-22 | Solvay Advanced Polymers, L.L.C. | Composition polymere ignifuge presentant une stabilite thermique accrue |
| EP1988113B1 (fr) | 2007-05-03 | 2009-10-14 | Ems-Patent Ag | Masses de formage en polyamide partiellement aromatiques et leurs utilisations |
| FR3032445A1 (fr) | 2015-02-05 | 2016-08-12 | Arkema France | Composition de polyamide a combustibilitee retardee |
| EP3156435B1 (fr) * | 2015-10-14 | 2019-07-24 | Ems-Patent Ag | Copolyamides, compositions de moulage les contenant et moulures produites à partir de ceux-ci |
| FR3053696B1 (fr) * | 2016-07-11 | 2018-07-06 | Arkema France | Composition de polyamide semi-cristallin de haute temperature de transition vitreuse pour materiau composite, son procede de fabrication et ses utilisations |
| FR3064271B1 (fr) * | 2017-03-24 | 2021-04-30 | Arkema France | Composition de polyamide semi-cristallin de haute temperature de transition vitreuse et haute temperature de fusion pour materiau thermoplastique, son procede de fabrication et ses utilisations |
| FR3067962B1 (fr) | 2017-06-22 | 2020-11-06 | Arkema France | Procede de fabrication d'un materiau fibreux impregne de polymere thermoplastique |
| FR3067961B1 (fr) | 2017-06-22 | 2020-11-06 | Arkema France | Procede de fabrication d'un materiau fibreux impregne de polymere thermoplastique |
| FR3067968B1 (fr) | 2017-06-22 | 2020-11-06 | Arkema France | Materiau fibreux impregne de polymere thermoplastique |
-
2021
- 2021-04-08 FR FR2103582A patent/FR3121680B1/fr active Active
-
2022
- 2022-03-31 US US18/286,011 patent/US20240376311A1/en active Pending
- 2022-03-31 EP EP22719319.0A patent/EP4320183A1/fr active Pending
- 2022-03-31 WO PCT/FR2022/050606 patent/WO2022214754A1/fr not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3121680A1 (fr) | 2022-10-14 |
| WO2022214754A1 (fr) | 2022-10-13 |
| FR3121680B1 (fr) | 2024-04-12 |
| US20240376311A1 (en) | 2024-11-14 |
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