Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B61—RAILWAYS
  • B61C—LOCOMOTIVES; MOTOR RAILCARS
  • B61C15/00—Maintaining or augmenting the starting or braking power by auxiliary devices and measures; Preventing wheel slippage; Controlling distribution of tractive effort between driving wheels
  • B61C15/08—Preventing wheel slippage
  • B61C15/10—Preventing wheel slippage by depositing sand or like friction increasing materials
  • B61C15/102—Preventing wheel slippage by depositing sand or like friction increasing materials with sanding equipment of mechanical or fluid type, e.g. by means of steam
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
  • B60B39/00—Increasing wheel adhesion
  • B60B39/02—Vehicle fittings for scattering or dispensing material in front of its wheels
  • B60B39/04—Vehicle fittings for scattering or dispensing material in front of its wheels the material being granular, e.g. sand
  • B60B39/08—Vehicle fittings for scattering or dispensing material in front of its wheels the material being granular, e.g. sand the dispensing being effected by fluid means
  • B60B39/086—Vehicle fittings for scattering or dispensing material in front of its wheels the material being granular, e.g. sand the dispensing being effected by fluid means dispensing being effected by gas

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a device for ejecting granular material for a train.
• the granular material ejection device finds its function essentially on rolling devices with metal wheels on metal rails. These rolling devices can for example be represented by trains, trams, metros, etc. For the remainder of the description, the term "train” is used to represent all rolling devices with metal wheels on metal rails.
• the granular material ejection device has a vital role in the braking of trains, and therefore constitutes a safety element, which must be efficient, safe and reliable.
• the difficulty of ensuring a reliable ejection device lies in the transport of an inhomogeneous fluid, consisting of a gas, which can for example be air, and granular solid particles, which can example being sand. Indeed, this resulting fluid is neither a gas nor a liquid, and its mixed composition is obtained by the ejection device.
• This non-homogeneous composition is all the more complex to transport since it depends on the size of the particles, the pressure and the flow rate of the air, as well as the route to be covered, depending in particular on the position of a tank. of grainy particles, loaded on the train. Indeed, if this reservoir is placed on the right or on the left, the path of the fluid will be different, etc.
• This depression makes it possible to suck up the sand. For this, a more or less regular channel provides access from this depression zone to the grain tank. By the depression, the air is sucked from the channel, carrying with it grains of sand.
• the depression channel has a "bend" or a baffle forcing the air to rise close to the grain reserve, in order to avoid loss of sand by gravity or by the vibrations of the train.
• the means of adaptation can for example be the variation of the diameters of the nozzles/nozzle doors arranged upstream of the depression zone. These nozzles often have the role of depression on the arrival of air brought by the train.
• the variation of the diameter makes it possible to adjust the phenomenon of depression,
• these nozzles are associated with passages whose sections are convergent then divergent, the means of adaptation can relate to the variation of these passage sections, which can influence the phenomena of depression and/or can accelerate the air,
• the depression channel has at least one opening on the granular material
• the adaptation means can be worn on the passage section of this or these openings, which will define the speed of the air.
• the variation of this section thus influences the quantity of sands absorbed
• -Since the depression channel imposes a non-homogeneous course of the "fluid" with an ascent followed by a descent
• the means of adaptation can be applied to the design of the pipe which can influence variations in pressure drops.
• the channel thus has a role in the functionality of the ejection device
• An ejection device according to the invention using the Venturi effect has great efficiency and a character of universality because it makes it possible to adapt directly to a large number of configurations encountered, without having to modify its structure. , its geometry and/or its dimensions.
• the subject of the invention is a device for ejecting a granular material between the wheels of a train and the rails of a railway track, said device being intended to be carried on board said train, and comprising
• said conveying means comprising a cylindrical outer tube provided with at least one opening opening into said reservoir, and an internal conical part placed inside said tube and having an internal channel opening into the widened channel while being perpendicular to the latter, said conical piece sparing with said outer tube a space, so that due to the Venturi effect the particles first pass through said at least one opening then perform an ascent through said space before descending towards the widened channel via the internal channel of the conical part , -at least one connecting tube on which is intended to be fixed a pipe to diffuse the granular particles coming from the widened channel, between the wheels of the train and the rails.
• the ejection device comprises a pressure regulator placed between the air inlet and the orifice of reduced cross-section, in order to obtain a given operating pressure of the incident air in said ejection device, regardless of the characteristics of the air supply supplied by the train in which the present ejection device would be embarked.
• a pressure regulator is equivalent to a flow rate noisemaker, since these two entities are proportional.
• adjusting the pressure regulator amounts to adjusting the air flow in the device.
• the insertion of a pressure regulator within the ejection device gives this ejection device a character of universality by making it adaptable to any type of train and to any type of granular particles.
• This regulator is small in size, so that it does not significantly encumber the ejection device. That is, it does not increase the volume of the ejection device by more than 10%.
• This pressure regulator is placed just after the air inlet and upstream of the orifice, so as to regulate the flow of air arriving in said orifice and intended to pass through the widened channel to create the Venturi effect .
• the conveying means makes it possible to take granular particles from the reservoir, to send them into the widened channel via an ascent followed by a descent, where there is a depression due to the Venturi effect created by the presence of the orifice and the expanded channel.
• the cross-section of the orifice is smaller than that of the enlarged channel.
• the air supply to the ejection device is made from an air supply network of the train in which the ejection device would be mounted.
• the pressure regulator has a control member emerging from said ejection device, to allow the pressure regulator to be mechanically adjusted and to obtain the desired operating pressure in said ejection device. . Thanks to this configuration, it is possible to intervene directly on the pressure regulator to adjust the desired air pressure in the ejection device.
• the control member can for example be constituted by a knob.
• the orifice of reduced cross-section and the widened channel are cylindrical and are aligned one after the other so that their axes of revolution coincide. In this way, such an arrangement of these two elements each having a cylindrical geometry, will make it possible to generate a Venturi effect resulting in a depression in the widened channel, which will make it possible to extract the granular particles from the reservoir.
• the diameter of the cylindrical orifice is between 2mm and 3.5mm.
• a hole smaller than 2mm may cause some grains to become stuck in that hole. Airflow, even 10 bar, may not be sufficient to extract them.
• an orifice greater than 3.5 mm reduces Venturi phenomena or can lead to a flow rate of granular particles that is too high.
• the ejection device comprises a filter placed between the pressure regulator and the orifice so as to stop a potential rise of the granular particles coming from the widened channel towards the regulator. depression.
• This filter will trap certain particles which have tended to flow back towards the pressure regulator, in order to prevent them from disturbing the operation of this pressure regulator and/or damaging it.
• the granular particle reservoir comprises a flange secured to said device and on which the granular particles of the reservoir are intended to rest, said at least one opening of the outer tube being placed above of said flange tangent to said flange.
• the opening will thus make it possible to puncture granular particles in the lower part of the tank, just on the flange thanks to the Venturi effect created in the widened channel.
• the opening is circular in shape.
• the outer tube has two or diametrically opposed virtues. In this way, if granular particles were to become blocked in one of said openings by at least partially blocking it, the other opening could continue to operate normally by allowing the passage of other granular particles.
• the ejection device is made of aluminum. This is a material well suited to an ejection device according to the invention, but which is in no way limiting. Indeed, the material used must have good mechanical strength while remaining light, so as not to weigh down the train. A plastic material could also be suitable.
• the granular particles are grains of sand. Indeed, for this type of ejection device, most of the time grains of sand are used. These grains of sand can present edges or be rounded. The grains of sand are particularly suitable for increasing the grip of the wheels of the train on the rails and are preferentially used because they exist in large quantities in nature.
• the ejection device comprises a pneumatic interface placed in a lower zone of the ejection device, so as to allow easy connection of a supply of pressurized air, which regardless of the configuration of the train on which said ejection device would be loaded. In this way, whatever the configuration of the train, it remains easy to connect a train air supply circuit to this ejection device.
• FIG.1 shows a sectional view of an ejection device according to the invention.
• FIG.l shows a device 1 for ejecting granular particles according to the invention as it is mounted in a train.
• concepts such as, for example, "upper”, “lower”, “horizontal” or “vertical” will be considered directly with reference to this [Fig.l]
• An ejection device 1 of granular particles according to the invention is intended to be embarked in a train to project these particles between the wheels of this train and the rails of a railway track on which this train would circulate , so as to prevent said wheels from sliding on said rails.
• these particles are intended to be inserted between the wheels of the train and the rails on which said train travels, so as to increase the conditions of contact between these wheels and these rails and thus to prevent said wheels from slipping. on rails.
• the granular particles which will be thrown onto the wheels by the ejection device 1 according to the invention are natural grains of sand which may have edges or be rounded.
• a sand grain ejection device schematically comprises an air inlet 2, a lower section 3, an upper section 4 placed above said lower section 3 and in contact with the latter, and an outlet 5 for an air/grain of sand mixture.
• the lower section 3 is an elongated part having an internal channel extending along a longitudinal and horizontal axis of said part.
• This internal channel comprises a first segment 6, an orifice 7 and a second segment 8.
• the first segment 6, the orifice 7 and the second segment 8 are cylindrical and are aligned one after the other so that their axes of revolution are coincident, and so that the orifice 7 is inserted between the first segment 6 and the second segment 8.
• These three elements 6, 7, 8 of the internal channel extend horizontally.
• the first segment 6 and the second segment 8 have substantially the same diameter, and the orifice 7 has a significantly reduced diameter compared to those of said two segments 6, 8.
• the air inlet 2 is materialized by an elbow connector 9 having a ho rizontal duct 10 and a vertical duct 11, said vertical duct 11 extending said horizontal duct 10.
• the vertical duct 11 opens into the first segment 6 of the lower section 3 from below, being perpendicular to the axis of revolution of said first segment 6.
• the air coming from an air circulation network of the train will first pass through the first horizontal duct 10, then through the second vertical duct 11 before arriving in the first segment 6.
• the elbow connector 9 can be replaced by a straight connector extending horizontally.
• the first segment 6 contains a pressure regulator 12 in order to obtain a pressure, and implicitly a flow rate, of given operation, whatever the characteristics of the air flow of the train network.
• the air arrives in this regulator 12 from the vertical duct 11 of the air inlet 2, then passes through the orifice 7 of reduced diameter after its pressure, and therefore its flow rate, has been regulated by said regulator.
• pressure regulator 12 The position of this pressure regulator 12 in the lower section 3 is such that it allows mechanical adjustment thereof from outside the ejection device 1.
• this pressure regulator 12 has an adjusting member 13 projecting from the ejection device 1 and making it possible to directly adjust said pressure regulator 12 in order to obtain the desired pressure in said device 1.
• This adjusting member 13 can for example consist of a wheel.
• the diameter of the orifice 7 is between 2 mm and 3.5 mm.
• an orifice with a diameter smaller than 2 mm is likely to cause the grains to block inside it. Airflow, even 10 bar, may not be sufficient to extract them.
• An orifice greater than 3.5 mm reduces Venturi phenomena or can lead to too high a sand flow rate.
• the integration of the pressure regulator 12 makes it possible to reduce maintenance while increasing the reliability of the ejection device 1.
• a filter is inserted between the orifice 7 and the pressure regulator 12, in order to prevent the rise of grains of sand towards the said regulator 12, which could skew its operation or damage it.
• the upper section 4 comprises a flange 14 extending in a horizontal plane and provided with a circular central opening, an outer tube 15 and an inner part 16 housed in said outer tube 15.
• the outer tube 15 is shaped cylindrical and has a first closed end 17 and a second open end, said two ends 17 being considered along the axis of revolution of said outer tube 15 .
• the outer tube 15 is inserted into the central opening of the flange 14 so that the second open end is found in said flange 14 and so that the first closed end 17 is found remote from this flange 14. In other words, said tube 15 projects from said flange 14 by causing its first closed end 17 to emerge therefrom.
• the external diameter of the external tube 15 is smaller than the diameter of the central opening of the flange 14, so that the said tube be inserted into said opening while remaining in contact with the wall of the flange 14 dice limiting said opening.
• the internal part 16 comprises an enlarged cylindrical base 18, extended by a conical body 19, the cross-section of which gradually decreases as it moves away from said base 18.
• the internal part 16 comprises a central and cylindrical internal channel 20, of constant diameter, and passing through the base 18 and the conical body 19. More precisely, the axis of revolution of this internal central channel 20 comprises a first segment corresponding to the axis of revolution of the base 18 and a second segment corresponding to the axis of revolution of the conical body 19.
• This internal part 16 is placed in the tube 15 so that the cylindrical base 18 is inserted in the part of said tube 15 which is placed in the central opening of flange 14 and so that the conical body 19 extends towards the first closed end 17 of said tube 15.
• the base 18 is inserted into the tube 15 while remaining in contact with said tube 15 and therefore ensuring a tight connection therewith.
• the tube 15 has two openings 23, 24 diametrically opposed and located just above the base 18 of the internal part 16 tangent to said base 18. These two openings 23, 24 communicate an external space 25 located around the tube 15, and the first annular free space 21 located between the conical body 19 and the wall of said tube 15.
• This external space 25 is occupied by a reservoir of sand placed on the flange 14, which is fixed to the lower section 3 at the means of screws 27.
• the sand tank 25 is also fixed to the flange 14 by means of screws not visible in the figure, a gasket 26 being inserted between said flange 14 and said sand tank 25 to ensure a good seal between these two elements.
• the outlet 5 of the device 1 is materialized by at least one rigid end piece 28 in fluid communication with the second segment 8 of the internal channel of the lower section 3.
• a pipe is fitted around the rigid end piece 28 to convey grains of sand towards a specific area of the train, located between the wheels of said train and the rails of the railway track on which the train is traveling.
• the principle of operation of an ejection device 1 comprises a step of prior adjustment of the pressure regulator 12 to set the pressure and the air flow desired for the expulsion of the grains of sand. This first step is followed by a step of opening the air supply of the ejection device 1, allowing the air to pass first through the horizontal segment 10 then through the vertical segment 11 of the elbow connector 9 , before passing through the pressure regulator 12.
• the air, the pressure of which has been modified by the pressure regulator 12 is then conveyed to the cylindrical orifice 7 of small diameter, before invading the second segment 8 where A depression is then created by the Venturi effect.
• the grains of sand present in the tank pass through the two openings 23, 24 of the tube 16 of the upper section 4, then perform an ascent in the first annular free space 21, then pass into the second free space 22 before descending again through the internal channel 20 of the internal part 16.
• the grains then reach the second segment 8 in which the vacuum prevails, and they are then propelled towards the rigid outlet nozzle 28 before being expelled by the pipe fitted around said rigid nozzle 28.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Transportation (AREA)
• Air Transport Of Granular Materials (AREA)
• Nozzles (AREA)
• Advancing Webs (AREA)
• Auxiliary Methods And Devices For Loading And Unloading (AREA)
• Filling Or Emptying Of Bunkers, Hoppers, And Tanks (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=76601339

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (5)

Family Cites Families (7)

• 2021
  • 2021-04-15 FR FR2103909A patent/FR3121903B1/fr active Active
• 2022
  • 2022-02-22 EP EP22710682.0A patent/EP4323252A1/de active Pending
  • 2022-02-22 WO PCT/FR2022/050323 patent/WO2022219254A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2022-02-22 KR KR1020237038917A patent/KR20230172522A/ko active Pending
  • 2022-02-22 CN CN202280028712.7A patent/CN117157223A/zh active Pending

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