EP4325150A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur kühlung von wasserstoff - Google Patents

Verfahren und vorrichtung zur kühlung von wasserstoff Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4325150A1
EP4325150A1 EP23180213.3A EP23180213A EP4325150A1 EP 4325150 A1 EP4325150 A1 EP 4325150A1 EP 23180213 A EP23180213 A EP 23180213A EP 4325150 A1 EP4325150 A1 EP 4325150A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
intermediate fluid
heat exchanger
compressor
temperature
exchanger
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP23180213.3A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP4325150B1 (de
Inventor
Baptiste PAJES
Jean-Marc Peyron
Olivier De Cayeux
Antony CARAFA
Jean-Baptiste CHAIX
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Publication date
Application filed by Air Liquide SA, LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical Air Liquide SA
Publication of EP4325150A1 publication Critical patent/EP4325150A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4325150B1 publication Critical patent/EP4325150B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0005—Light or noble gases
    • F25J1/001—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0027—Oxides of carbon, e.g. CO2
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/005—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by expansion of a gaseous refrigerant stream with extraction of work
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/0062—Light or noble gases, mixtures thereof
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/0062—Light or noble gases, mixtures thereof
    • F25J1/0065—Helium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/0062—Light or noble gases, mixtures thereof
    • F25J1/0067—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/007—Primary atmospheric gases, mixtures thereof
    • F25J1/0072—Nitrogen
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/008—Hydrocarbons
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    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/008—Hydrocarbons
    • F25J1/0082—Methane
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0204—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow SCR cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0205—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level SCR refrigeration cascade
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0221—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0229—Integration with a unit for using hydrocarbons, e.g. consuming hydrocarbons as feed stock
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0235—Heat exchange integration
    • F25J1/0236—Heat exchange integration providing refrigeration for different processes treating not the same feed stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
    • F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
    • F25J1/0247—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control start-up of the process
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
    • F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
    • F25J1/0249—Controlling refrigerant inventory, i.e. composition or quantity
    • F25J1/025—Details related to the refrigerant production or treatment, e.g. make-up supply from feed gas itself
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
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    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
    • F25J1/0264—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams
    • F25J1/0265—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams comprising cores associated exclusively with the cooling of a refrigerant stream, e.g. for auto-refrigeration or economizer
    • F25J1/0268—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams comprising cores associated exclusively with the cooling of a refrigerant stream, e.g. for auto-refrigeration or economizer using a dedicated refrigeration means
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    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0285—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
    • F25J1/0288—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings using work extraction by mechanical coupling of compression and expansion of the refrigerant, so-called companders
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    • F25J1/0298—Safety aspects and control of the refrigerant compression system, e.g. anti-surge control
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    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/62—Liquefied natural gas [LNG]; Natural gas liquids [NGL]; Liquefied petroleum gas [LPG]
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    • F25J2230/30—Compression of the feed stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/90—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration
    • F25J2270/904—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration by liquid or gaseous cryogen in an open loop

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for cooling hydrogen.
  • the present invention proposes a solution for starting a process in which the first step of precooling the hydrogen is carried out using the frigories of a flow of liquefied natural gas which vaporizes or vaporized natural gas, vaporized natural gas being at a temperature below -50°C.
  • the liquefaction device does not include an internal source of cold production, at the time of start-up.
  • liquefied natural gas for example, is heated, or even vaporized, against an intermediate fluid, which cools to a temperature below -50°C, or even below -140°C.
  • the heat exchanger used to heat liquefied natural gas is typically a brazed aluminum plate and fin exchanger or a stainless steel exchanger or a printed circuit exchanger.
  • the heat exchanger and associated equipment must cool from ambient temperature to stable operating temperature. These elements are sensitive to rapid or excessive drops in temperature and therefore require special attention to be cooled.
  • a hydrogen cooling apparatus comprising a first heat exchanger, means for sending either liquefied natural gas or vaporized natural gas, the vaporized natural gas being at a temperature below -50°C, heat up by indirect heat exchange in the first heat exchanger with an intermediate fluid flow at a pressure between 3 and 70 bar abs which cools to a temperature greater than or equal to -145° C, a second heat exchanger, means for sending the intermediate fluid flow at a temperature equal to or greater than -145°C to cool by introducing it at this temperature into a second heat exchanger where it cools by exchange of indirect heat and/or by expansion in a turbine, possibly driving a compressor of the method, or a valve, means for sending a flow of hydrogen gas to cool in the second heat exchanger without condensing, means for sending a gas flow derived from the cooled intermediate fluid to heat in the second heat exchanger until at a temperature between -90°C and -150°C, means for withdrawing the gas flow from the
  • the vaporization of the LNG takes place in a single exchanger and the intermediate fluid distributes the cold to the different consumers.
  • a dedicated heat exchanger E1 is used to recover the frigories of liquefied natural gas 1 at -150°C using an intermediate fluid which is cooled by the liquid 1 in the exchanger E1.
  • the E1 exchanger can be a brazed aluminum exchanger with plates and fins or a stainless steel exchanger or a printed circuit exchanger. Otherwise the exchange E1 can be a tube and shell exchanger.
  • the liquid 1 is heated, for example up to 15°C and optionally vaporized to cool the fluid 5 to a temperature below -50°C, preferably below - 120°C.
  • Fluid 5 is cooled in exchanger E1 to a temperature greater than or equal to -145°C. In the example it is cooled down to -140°C.
  • the heat exchanger can be an aluminum or stainless steel plate and fin exchanger or a shell and tube exchanger.
  • Fluid 1 enters at the cold end of exchanger E1 and exits at the hot end as fluid 3.
  • fluid 5 is nitrogen. It can, for example, be natural gas or methane or have another suitable composition.
  • the fluid 5 is inert.
  • the fluid 5 is preferably at a pressure between 3 and 70 bars abs.
  • the nitrogen 13 leaves the exchanger E2 at a temperature between -90°C and -150°C, for example at -120°C, and is compressed in a first compressor C, for example a centrifugal compressor, up to around 20 bars. Then the nitrogen at 20 bars is cooled R and compressed in another compressor C1 to a pressure greater than 20 bars. Then the nitrogen at more than 20 bars is optionally divided into two parts 15, 17, part 17 not necessarily being present. Part 17 can cool partially in the exchanger E1 then is sent to an element to be cooled 31. Thus the heated part 19 is sent to the hot end of the exchanger E1.
  • a first compressor C for example a centrifugal compressor
  • Part 15 added to 19 forms a flow 21 which is sent at 20°C to the hot end of the exchanger E1 and cools there to a temperature lower than 90°C for example -140°C forming a gas 27 which is sent to exchanger E2 at a temperature of -140°C.
  • Gas 27 heats up in exchanger E2 to 20°C (forming flow 6) then flow 6 is cooled against the LNG in exchanger E1 to form gas 5.
  • gas 5 does not is not cooled in exchanger E1 but only in turbine E.
  • gas 5 enters turbine E at the temperature at which it leaves heat exchanger E1.
  • the expanded fluid 7 at 1.5 bars in the turbine T is two-phase and is sent to a phase separator where it forms a liquid 9 and a gas 11.
  • the liquid is vaporized in a heat exchanger E3 and joins the gas 11 to heat up in the exchanger E2 constituting the flow 13 to be sent to the cold compressor C.
  • All the gas 13 is compressed in the cold compressor 1 and then in a booster C1 coupled to the turbine E. This is the gas compressed in the booster C1 which is sent to exchanger E1 to recover the cold from LNG 1.
  • the gas 5 coming from the cold end of the exchanger E1 can first pass into the exchanger E1 to cool and then be expanded in a turbine T having an inlet temperature lower than -100°C, for example -120°C.
  • the nitrogen or another fluid for example helium or a mixed refrigerant, circulates in a closed cycle, taking frigories from the LNG.
  • the hydrogen 25 is then cooled and liquefied in another heat exchanger in a known manner.
  • a cycle of hydrogen, helium or mixed refrigerants including rare gases provides the necessary refrigeration.
  • LNG provides at least part of the refrigeration necessary for the precooling of hydrogen gas down to -190°C.
  • This fraction can be at least 50%, at least 75% or at least 99% of the frigories necessary for cooling the hydrogen gas down to -190°C. LNG can even provide all the necessary frigories apart from those coming from the T turbine.
  • the process can also supply cold to another element 31, cooled by the cycle.
  • part 17 of the gas compressed in the compressors C, C1 is cooled in the heat exchanger to an intermediate temperature, here -50°C, is withdrawn from the exchanger in a zone central of the heat exchanger and serves to cool the element 31 by being itself reheated to form the gas 19 which joins the flow 15 compressed in the compressor C to form the flow 21 which enters the exchanger E1 to 20 °C.
  • an intermediate temperature here -50°C
  • Element 31 can for example be a liquefier of another gas or an apparatus for separation by distillation and/or partial condensation at a temperature below 0°C, for example a carbon dioxide liquefier.
  • a heater for example an electric heater or a heat exchanger heated by hot water, will be used to heat fraction 17 to form flow 19.
  • the hydrogen 23 is not sent to the exchanger E2 which must be cooled beforehand.
  • the cycle compressor C is started with a temperature input which is that of the ambient at a reduced load, typically between 60 and 80% of the nominal molar flow.
  • the compression ratio is also limited in order to limit the outlet temperature of compressor C to a reasonable value, typically less than 150°C.
  • Compressor C may not include inter-stage cooling, with only an aftercooler R upstream of compressor C in order to reduce the cost of the machine and limit the risk of water freezing in the intermediate water coolers, short-circuited in stable operation where the temperature of the gas being compressed is below 0°C, the compression ratio is considerably reduced so as to limit the temperature at the outlet of compressor C1 upstream of the final cooler.
  • variable frequency drive could vary the speed of the motor of compressor C and thus the temperature of the final stage of C and the compression ratio.
  • the compressor C1 does not compress the nitrogen which passes into a bypass line 13A.
  • the nitrogen compressed in the compressor C only is sent to the first heat exchanger E1 which is not supplied at start-up by liquefied natural gas 1 but by liquid nitrogen coming from a storage S which is vaporized by a vaporizer V to form nitrogen gas 2 at -180°C.
  • the use of cold vaporized gas rather than a liquid protects the equipment from excessive cooling and thermal stress.
  • the nitrogen gas heats up in the E1 exchanger and is recovered at the hot end or sent to the air.
  • the exchanger E1 can be cooled by sending supercritical liquefied natural gas.
  • This fluid has the advantage of a reduced enthalpy of vaporization compared to non-supercritical LNG.
  • liquefied natural gas 1 can be heated in a heater H in order to regulate its temperature at the inlet of exchanger E1.
  • the vaporized liquid other than the natural gas used for starting can be sent to the atmosphere or recovered at 15°C for example to be used in the fluid cooling cycle.
  • intermediate (compressor C, C1, turbine T) to replace leaks.
  • the interconnecting line with the start-up vaporizer and cycle would need to be well insulated to completely separate the LNG vaporizer line and the cooling cycle during normal operation (typically by removing the connection spool).
  • the cooling cycle (compressor C, C1, turbine T) at the outlet of exchanger E1 will be cooled slowly to the operating temperature. As long as the temperature of the outlet of exchanger E1 is above the operating temperature, gas 5 will not be sent to the turbine or to exchanger E2 but will pass through a pipe 5A directly to the inlet of compressor C in order to cool it slowly.
  • a temporary heater W (typically a water-powered exchanger) can be used only during start-up to replace the heat input from exchanger E2. This heater W will be short-circuited in stable operation of the process. It heats the flow 27 of nitrogen sent by line 27A, preventing the flow 27 from passing into the exchanger E2.
  • compressor C has cooled and is operating at reduced load, typically between 60 and 80% of the nominal molar flow
  • cooling of the hydrogen precooling system begins.
  • turbine E is short-circuited by line 5E so that gas 5 passes directly into the phase separator (which does not yet separate phases, since gas 5 has not been condensed).
  • the turbine and its associated compressor C1 are started, the gas compressed in the compressor C no longer passing through the short-circuiting line 13A and being compressed in the compressor C1.
  • the main advantage of this process is to use existing equipment with minimal additions to safely cool the hydrogen cooling device, with regulated start-up of sensitive equipment.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
EP23180213.3A 2022-08-16 2023-06-20 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur kühlung von wasserstoff Active EP4325150B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR2208324A FR3138939B1 (fr) 2022-08-16 2022-08-16 Procédé et appareil de refroidissement d’hydrogène

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EP4325150A1 true EP4325150A1 (de) 2024-02-21
EP4325150B1 EP4325150B1 (de) 2025-04-16

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EP (1) EP4325150B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2024027092A (de)
KR (1) KR20240024016A (de)
DK (1) DK4325150T3 (de)
ES (1) ES3031454T3 (de)
FR (1) FR3138939B1 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4407266A3 (de) * 2023-01-27 2024-10-30 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Verfahren und vorrichtung zur kühlung eines gases mit einem kältekreislauf
FR3163440A1 (fr) * 2024-06-13 2025-12-19 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Procédé et installation de refroidissement d’hydrogène

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3398545A (en) * 1965-03-19 1968-08-27 Conch Int Methane Ltd Hydrogen recovery from a refinery tail gas employing two stage scrubbing
WO2005080892A1 (en) * 2004-02-23 2005-09-01 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Liquefying hydrogen
JP2013210125A (ja) * 2012-03-30 2013-10-10 Taiyo Nippon Sanso Corp 液化装置及びその起動方法
JP2021169872A (ja) * 2020-04-14 2021-10-28 川崎重工業株式会社 液化水素製造設備

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3398545A (en) * 1965-03-19 1968-08-27 Conch Int Methane Ltd Hydrogen recovery from a refinery tail gas employing two stage scrubbing
WO2005080892A1 (en) * 2004-02-23 2005-09-01 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Liquefying hydrogen
JP2013210125A (ja) * 2012-03-30 2013-10-10 Taiyo Nippon Sanso Corp 液化装置及びその起動方法
JP2021169872A (ja) * 2020-04-14 2021-10-28 川崎重工業株式会社 液化水素製造設備

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
KUENDIG ANDRES ET AL: "Large scale hydrogen liquefaction in combination with LNG re-gasification", vol. 23, 1 June 2006 (2006-06-01), pages 3326 - 3333, XP055886984, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://www.cder.dz/A2H2/Medias/Download/Proc%20PDF/posters/[GIV]%20Liquid%20&%20gaseous%20storage,%20delidevy,%20safety,%20RCS/713.pdf> *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4407266A3 (de) * 2023-01-27 2024-10-30 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Verfahren und vorrichtung zur kühlung eines gases mit einem kältekreislauf
FR3163440A1 (fr) * 2024-06-13 2025-12-19 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Procédé et installation de refroidissement d’hydrogène

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ES3031454T3 (en) 2025-07-08
KR20240024016A (ko) 2024-02-23
JP2024027092A (ja) 2024-02-29
EP4325150B1 (de) 2025-04-16
FR3138939A1 (fr) 2024-02-23
DK4325150T3 (da) 2025-06-30
FR3138939B1 (fr) 2024-07-12

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