EP4339423B1 - Dampfmotor mit einem mit einer wiederaufladbaren batterie verbundenen elektrischen heizraum - Google Patents

Dampfmotor mit einem mit einer wiederaufladbaren batterie verbundenen elektrischen heizraum Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4339423B1
EP4339423B1 EP23180375.0A EP23180375A EP4339423B1 EP 4339423 B1 EP4339423 B1 EP 4339423B1 EP 23180375 A EP23180375 A EP 23180375A EP 4339423 B1 EP4339423 B1 EP 4339423B1
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Prior art keywords
fluid
engine
enclosure
heating
vaporised
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EP23180375.0A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP4339423C0 (de
EP4339423A1 (de
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Christian Huet
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/34—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/36—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating the engines being of positive-displacement type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22G—SUPERHEATING OF STEAM
    • F22G1/00—Steam superheating characterised by heating method
    • F22G1/16—Steam superheating characterised by heating method by using a separate heat source independent from heat supply of the steam boiler, e.g. by electricity, by auxiliary combustion of fuel oil
    • F22G1/165—Steam superheating characterised by heating method by using a separate heat source independent from heat supply of the steam boiler, e.g. by electricity, by auxiliary combustion of fuel oil by electricity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G2244/00—Machines having two pistons
    • F02G2244/50—Double acting piston machines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an engine operating on steam and more precisely on a closed circuit, usable in the field of road motor vehicles, railways, ships or even industry.
  • thermal engines that operate using different energy sources.
  • the steam engine is an external combustion engine that transforms the thermal energy of the water vapor produced by one or more boilers into mechanical energy. Typically, this steam enters a cylinder and exerts a pressure that gives an alternating movement to a piston, which can turn a wheel for example by means of a system of connecting rods/cranks.
  • the object of the present invention is to retain the use of the vapor of a fluid brought to high temperature/pressure in an enclosure as the primary source of energy for operating a reciprocating piston, but by improving it in different aspects to make it easier to use, reliable, compact, environmentally friendly, with improved efficiency and power.
  • the invention is implemented according to the embodiments and variants set out below, which are to be considered individually or in any technically effective combination.
  • the exhaust pipe is connected to a turbine of a turbocharger interposed between the engine enclosure and the vacuum tank/vacuum box.
  • the first intake pipe is connected to a compressor of a turbocharger interposed between the vacuum tank/vacuum box and the heating enclosure/boiler to increase the pressure of the steam.
  • This turbocharger sucks the used steam from the vacuum tank to send it into the heating enclosure to return the steam to the desired temperature.
  • the vacuum tank/vacuum box comprises a second electric heating means connected to the battery and producing a temperature maintenance of the fluid between approximately 100°C and 120°C, preferably at approximately 110°C.
  • each inlet and outlet is equipped with a sealed non-return valve, such as a flap, a valve or a slide, controlled mechanically and/or by an electronic control module and preventing the return of the vaporized fluid to the heating enclosure/boiler.
  • a sealed non-return valve such as a flap, a valve or a slide
  • each outlet is equipped with a non-return watertight valve, such as a flap, a valve or a drawer, mechanically controlled and/or by an electronic control module and preventing the return of vaporized fluid to the motor enclosure.
  • a non-return watertight valve such as a flap, a valve or a drawer
  • the motor shaft is connected to an alternator recharging the battery during its rotation.
  • the first heating means comprises a series of parallel tubes surrounded by electrical resistors and inside which the fluid circulates to be heated.
  • the first heating means comprises a series of very close parallel heating plates between which the fluid circulates to be heated.
  • the fluid is a fatty hydrocarbon, for example hexane.
  • the engine comprises between approximately 20 and 30 dm3 of fluid.
  • the cylinder capacity of the motor enclosure is between approximately 1000 and 2000 cm3 , preferably between approximately 1200 and 1600 cm3 , the cylinder capacity being able to vary according to the final use and will of course be different depending on whether it is a pump, a car, an industrial installation or a locomotive.
  • FIG. 1 there figure 1 is a schematic view of the engine according to the present invention and its mode of operation.
  • FIG. 1 is therefore a schematic diagram illustrating a so-called self-energetic M engine operating on steam in accordance with the present invention.
  • This engine M comprises a part using a fluid, for example water or preferably a fatty hydrocarbon such as hexane, vaporizable under high pressure using heating means, and an electrical part serving both as a source of energy for the heating means and for accumulating electrical energy and then returning the latter to said heating means.
  • a fluid for example water or preferably a fatty hydrocarbon such as hexane, vaporizable under high pressure using heating means, and an electrical part serving both as a source of energy for the heating means and for accumulating electrical energy and then returning the latter to said heating means.
  • the engine M comprises at least one heating enclosure 10 (or boiler) containing a fluid F and enclosing a first heating means 12 intended to bring said fluid F to the vapor state.
  • the first heating means 12 comprises for example in the present case a series of parallel tubes surrounded by electrical resistors inside which the fluid F circulates to heat or reheat it instantaneously, or a series of very close parallel heating plates between which the fluid F circulates to be heated or reheated. Whatever its structure, this heating means 12 is supplied with electrical energy by a battery 120, for example 12 Volts.
  • the heating enclosure 10 communicates upstream with a reservoir 20 of vaporized fluid, called a vacuum reservoir or vacuum box, using a first pipe 30 making it possible to transport the fluid F from the vacuum reservoir 20/vacuum box to said heating enclosure 10.
  • the vacuum tank 20 comprises a second electric heating means 22 also connected to the battery 120 and producing a temperature maintenance of the fluid F between approximately 100°C and 120°C, preferably at approximately 110°C.
  • the heating enclosure 10 also communicates, downstream, with a high-pressure steam motor enclosure 40 using a second inlet pipe 50 making it possible to transport the vaporized fluid from the heating enclosure 10 to said motor enclosure 40.
  • the first intake pipe 30 is connected to a compressor 90 of a turbocharger interposed between the vacuum tank 20 and the heating enclosure 10 to increase the pressure of the steam generated before being reheated in said heating enclosure 10.
  • the motorization enclosure 40 contains at least one double-acting piston 60 moving (arrows T1 and T2) in an alternating and sealed manner.
  • This piston 60 comprises a rod 62 and a head 64 on either side of which are defined a first compression chamber C1 and a second compression chamber C2.
  • the first compression chamber C1 is connected on the one hand to a first inlet 52 of vaporized fluid communicating with the second intake pipe 50 and on the other hand to a first outlet 55 of vaporized fluid.
  • the second compression chamber C2 is connected on the one hand to a second inlet 54 of vaporized fluid also communicating with the second intake pipe 50 and on the other hand to a second outlet 57 of vaporized fluid.
  • the cylinder capacity of the engine enclosure 40 is, for example for a standard car, between approximately 1000 and 2000 cm3 , preferably between approximately 1200 and 1600 cm3 .
  • the fluid outlets 55 and 57 join in a third common exhaust pipe 70 which ends in the vacuum tank 20 using a fourth pipe 80.
  • the third exhaust pipe 70 is also connected to a compressor 100 of the turbocharger interposed between the engine enclosure 40 and the vacuum tank 20.
  • the first inlet 52 of vaporized fluid is equipped with a sealed non-return valve 72, such as a flap, a valve or a slide, controlled mechanically and/or by an electronic control module and preventing the return of the vaporized fluid to the heating enclosure 10.
  • a sealed non-return valve 72 such as a flap, a valve or a slide
  • the second vaporized fluid inlet 54 is equipped with a sealed non-return valve 74, such as a flap, a valve or a slide, controlled mechanically and/or by an electronic control module and preventing the return of the vaporized fluid to the heating enclosure 10.
  • a sealed non-return valve 74 such as a flap, a valve or a slide
  • the first fluid outlet 55 is equipped with a sealed non-return valve 75, such as a flap, a valve or a slide, controlled mechanically and/or by an electronic control module and preventing the return of the vaporized fluid to the motorization enclosure 40.
  • a sealed non-return valve 75 such as a flap, a valve or a slide
  • the second fluid outlet 57 is equipped with a sealed non-return valve 77, such as a flap, a valve or a slide, controlled mechanically and/or by an electronic control module and preventing the return of the vaporized fluid to the motorization enclosure 40.
  • a sealed non-return valve 77 such as a flap, a valve or a slide
  • the rod 61 of the piston 60 is for its part connected to a set 110 of connecting rods and cranks rotating a drive shaft 114 thanks to the alternating linear movement of said piston 60 and the rotary movement of the connecting rod/crank set 110.
  • the heating enclosure 10 with its internal heating means 12, the motorization enclosure 40, the vacuum tank 20 with its internal heating means 22 and the first, second, third and fourth pipes 30, 50, 70 and 80 for transporting vaporized fluid form a closed sealed circuit containing between approximately 20 and 30 dm 3 of fluid F circulating in a loop. Due to this closed circuit and the sealing of these enclosures and the various pipes, no loss of fluid is possible.
  • the construction of the engine parts can be made of non-ferrous metal or synthetic material since the operating temperature will only be 100 to 150°C. However, for higher performances where the temperature can exceed 200°C, the choice of materials will be of significant importance, particularly to reduce thermal losses. This choice will also depend on the steam pressure, linked to this temperature.
  • a feature making the invention special consists in that the first heating means 12 of the heating enclosure 10 is connected to a power supply battery 120.
  • This battery 120 is therefore considered as a secondary source from the point of view of the operation of the engine M because it is the fluid vapor which causes the alternating movement of the piston 60 and the rotation of the motor shaft 114, and not directly the electricity produced.
  • the drive shaft 114 is also connected to an alternator 118 via, for example, a belt 116.
  • This alternator 118 allows, during rotation of the motor shaft 114, to recharge the battery 120 with electrical energy during operation of the motor M.
  • the operation of the engine M according to the present invention is as follows.
  • the heating enclosure 10 the vacuum tank 20 is empty or almost empty
  • the engine (M) is at rest, the piston 60 being in a first position inside the chambers C1 and C2 of the motorization enclosure 40, and the various valves 72, 74, 75 and 77 allow the admission of fluid vapor under high pressure through one or other of the inlets 52 or 54.
  • the heating body 12 causes an instantaneous vapor of the fluid F in the heating enclosure 10, at the desired temperature and pressure.
  • the piston 60 in its back-and-forth movement caused by the simultaneous pressure of the steam on either side of the head 64 in alternately each of the chambers C1 then C2 (whose volume therefore changes constantly, when the volume of one increases, the volume of the other decreases in the same proportions, and vice versa), produces, by means of the connecting rod/crank assembly, a rotary movement of the drive shaft 114 (power take-off).
  • the hot gases are expelled under high pressure at each alternating movement of the piston 60 by the isothermal pipes 55 and 57 which join in the third pipe 70 to actuate the turbine 100 driving the turbocharger before arriving in the vacuum tank 20 where the vaporized fluid F is kept in a gaseous state using the electrical resistors 22.
  • a defined quantity of the gases contained in the vacuum tank 20 is sucked by the compressor 90 of the turbocharger whose rotation shaft has a speed variator according to the desired pressure.
  • the alternator 118 is driven by the belt 116 connected to the engine shaft 114 to continuously recharge the battery 120.
  • the aim of this system is to permanently conserve this steam by heating it more or less by the instantaneous steam boiler 10, typically to a temperature of around 100 to 120°.
  • This operating principle does not emit any pollution since it operates in a closed cycle.
  • the 120 battery will have to be charged initially and can be replaced if necessary.
  • the battery 120 this initially heats a small quantity of fluid F, but as soon as the motor enclosure 40 is operating, it only maintains the temperature slightly lower than that in the engine M. During its journey, the vapor must not become liquid again, but must simply cool slightly in the vacuum tank 20 before being recompressed by the compressor 90 of the turbocharger. The battery 120 is therefore not used more than in a gasoline engine where it ensures ignition.
  • the number of motor enclosures and/or pistons can be increased according to the desired power, with a common battery/alternator or for each motor enclosure.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Dampfmotor (M), der mindestens Folgendes umfasst:
    - ein Heizgehäuse (10), das ein erstes Heizmittel (12) umschließt, das ein Fluid (F) im Dampfzustand trägt,
    - einen Unterdruckbehälter (20) für verdampftes Fluid (F), der über eine erste Leitung (30) mit dem Heizgehäuse (10) vorgelagert angeschlossen ist,
    - eine zweite Zugangsleitung (50), die dem Heizgehäuse (10) nachgelagert angeordnet ist und dieses mit einem Gehäuse (40) für Hochdruckdampfmotoren verbindet, in dem sich mindestens ein doppelt wirkender Kolben (60) abdichtend hin- und herbewegt, der eine Stange (62) und einen Kopf (64) auf beiden Seiten davon aufweist, von denen Folgendes definiert wird:
    * eine erste Kompressionskammer (C1), die mit einem ersten Einlass (52) für verdampftes Fluid verbunden ist, der mit der zweiten Zugangsleitung (50) und mit einem ersten Auslass (55) für verdampftes Fluid in Verbindung steht, und
    * eine zweite Kompressionskammer (C2), die mit einem zweiten Einlass (54) für verdampftes Fluid verbunden ist, der auch mit der zweiten Zugangsleitung (50) und mit einem zweiten Auslass (57) für verdampftes Fluid in Verbindung steht,
    - wobei die Stange (62) des Kolbens (60) mit einer Anordnung (110) aus Pleuelstangen/Kurbeln verbunden ist, die dank der hin- und hergehenden linearen Bewegung der Stange (62) eine Motorwelle (114) in Drehung versetzen,
    - wobei die zweite Zugangsleitung (50) das verdampfte Fluid (F) vom Heizgehäuse (10) zum Motorisierungsgehäuse (40) transportiert,
    - eine dritte Ausgangsleitung (70), die den ersten und den zweiten Auslass (55, 57) für verdampftes Fluid und den Unterdruckbehälter (20) verbindet, wobei die dritte Leitung (70) das vom ersten und vom zweiten Auslass (55, 57) kommende verdampfte Fluid in Richtung des Unterdruckbehälters (20) transportiert,
    - wobei der Unterdruckbehälter (20), das Heizgehäuse (10), das Motorisierungsgehäuse (40) und die erste (30), die zweite (50) und die dritte (70) Transportleitung für verdampftes Fluid einen geschlossenen, abgedichteten Kreislauf bilden, und
    - wobei das erste Heizmittel (12) elektrisch ist und mit einer Leistungsbatterie (120) verbunden ist.
  2. Motor (M) nach Anspruch 1, wobei die dritte Ausgangsleitung (70) mit einer Turbine (100) eines Turboladers verbunden ist, der zwischen dem Motorisierungsgehäuse (40) und dem Unterdruckbehälter (20) eingefügt ist.
  3. Motor (M) nach Anspruch 1 oder Anspruch 2, wobei die erste Zugangsleitung (30) mit einem Kompressor (90) eines Turboladers verbunden ist, der zwischen dem Unterdruckbehälter (20) und der Heizkammer (10) eingefügt ist, um den Druck des Dampfes zu erhöhen.
  4. Motor (M) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Unterdruckbehälter (20) ein zweites elektrisches Heizmittel (22) umfasst, das mit der Batterie (120) verbunden ist und eine Aufrechterhaltung der Temperatur des Fluids zwischen etwa 100 °C und 120 °C, vorzugsweise bei etwa 110 °C, erzeugt.
  5. Motor (M) nach Anspruch 4, wobei das zweite Heizmittel (22) eine Reihe paralleler Heizplatten umfasst, die sehr nahe beieinander liegen und zwischen denen das zu erwärmende Fluid zirkuliert.
  6. Motor (M) nach Anspruch 4, wobei das zweite Heizmittel (22) eine Reihe paralleler Rohre umfasst, die von elektrischen Widerständen umgeben sind und in denen das zu erwärmende Fluid zirkuliert.
  7. Motor (M) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei jeder Einlass (52; 54) mit einem abgedichteten Rückschlagventil (72; 74), beispielsweise einer Klappe, einem Ventil oder einem Schieber, ausgestattet ist, das mechanisch und/oder durch ein elektronisches Steuermodul gesteuert wird und den Rückfluss des verdampften Fluids in das Heizgehäuse (10) verhindert.
  8. Motor (M) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei jeder Auslass (55; 57) mit einem abgedichteten Rückschlagventil (75; 77), beispielsweise einer Klappe, einem Ventil oder einem Schieber, ausgestattet ist, das mechanisch und/oder durch ein elektronisches Steuermodul gesteuert wird und den Rückfluss des verdampften Fluids in das Motorisierungsgehäuse (40) verhindert.
  9. Motor (M) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Motorwelle (114) mit einem Wechselstromgenerator (118) verbunden ist, der während seiner Drehung die Batterie (120) auflädt.
  10. Motor (M) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die ersten Heizmittel (12) eine Reihe paralleler Rohre umfassen, die von elektrischen Widerständen umgeben sind und in denen das zu erwärmende Fluid zirkuliert.
  11. Motor (M) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, wobei die ersten Heizmittel (12) eine Reihe paralleler Heizplatten umfassen, die sehr nahe beieinander liegen und in denen das zu erwärmende Fluid zirkuliert.
  12. Motor (M) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Fluid ein fetter Kohlenwasserstoff, beispielsweise Hexan, ist.
  13. Motor (M) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, der zwischen etwa 20 und 30 dm3 Fluid (F) umfasst.
  14. Motor (M) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Hubraum des Motorisierungsgehäuses (40) zwischen etwa 1000 und 2000 cm3, vorzugsweise zwischen etwa 1200 und 1600 cm3, beträgt.
  15. Personenfahrzeug, beispielsweise ein Auto, das mit einem Motor (M) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche ausgestattet ist.
EP23180375.0A 2022-09-14 2023-06-20 Dampfmotor mit einem mit einer wiederaufladbaren batterie verbundenen elektrischen heizraum Active EP4339423B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR2209236A FR3139598A1 (fr) 2022-09-14 2022-09-14 Moteur à vapeur équipé d’une enceinte de chauffage électrique reliée à une batterie rechargeable

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4339423A1 EP4339423A1 (de) 2024-03-20
EP4339423B1 true EP4339423B1 (de) 2025-01-01
EP4339423C0 EP4339423C0 (de) 2025-01-01

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EP (1) EP4339423B1 (de)
ES (1) ES3019508T3 (de)
FR (1) FR3139598A1 (de)

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070251238A1 (en) * 2006-04-19 2007-11-01 Kenneth Jordan Steam Engine Device and Methods of Use
US9816399B2 (en) * 2007-06-28 2017-11-14 Averill Partners Llc Air start steam engine
FR2922608B1 (fr) * 2007-10-19 2009-12-11 Saipem Sa Installation et procede de stockage et restitution d'energie electrique a l'aide d'une unite de compression et detente de gaz a pistons
US10018078B2 (en) * 2009-05-21 2018-07-10 Richard E. Aho Apparatus for recovering energy from water
DE102012204081A1 (de) * 2012-03-15 2013-09-19 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Energiespeicherkraftwerk
GB201404147D0 (en) * 2014-03-10 2014-04-23 Gas Expansion Motors Ltd Thermodynamic enging
US10888024B1 (en) * 2017-08-28 2021-01-05 Equinix, Inc. Data center refrigeration system

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EP4339423C0 (de) 2025-01-01
FR3139598A1 (fr) 2024-03-15
ES3019508T3 (en) 2025-05-20
EP4339423A1 (de) 2024-03-20

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