EP4341104A1 - Organosilan-modifizierte organische füllstoffe und diese enthaltende kautschukzusammensetzungen - Google Patents
Organosilan-modifizierte organische füllstoffe und diese enthaltende kautschukzusammensetzungenInfo
- Publication number
- EP4341104A1 EP4341104A1 EP22730415.1A EP22730415A EP4341104A1 EP 4341104 A1 EP4341104 A1 EP 4341104A1 EP 22730415 A EP22730415 A EP 22730415A EP 4341104 A1 EP4341104 A1 EP 4341104A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- groups
- rubber
- filler
- organic
- functional group
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
- C08K9/04—Ingredients treated with organic substances
- C08K9/06—Ingredients treated with organic substances with silicon-containing compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C1/00—Tyres characterised by the chemical composition or the physical arrangement or mixture of the composition
- B60C1/0008—Compositions of the inner liner
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C1/00—Tyres characterised by the chemical composition or the physical arrangement or mixture of the composition
- B60C1/0016—Compositions of the tread
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C1/00—Tyres characterised by the chemical composition or the physical arrangement or mixture of the composition
- B60C1/0025—Compositions of the sidewalls
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/04—Carbon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/06—Sulfur
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/14—Peroxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L21/00—Compositions of unspecified rubbers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L7/00—Compositions of natural rubber
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L9/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of conjugated diene hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L97/00—Compositions of lignin-containing materials
- C08L97/005—Lignin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
- C08K2003/2296—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of zinc
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/002—Physical properties
- C08K2201/006—Additives being defined by their surface area
Definitions
- Organosilane-modified organic fillers and rubber compositions containing them Organosilane-modified organic fillers and rubber compositions containing them
- the present invention relates to an organic filler, at least one functional group of the filler selected from phenolic OFI groups, phenolate groups, aliphatic OFI groups, carboxylic acid groups, carboxylate groups and mixtures thereof being occupied over at least part of the oxygen atoms at least one organic modifier has been covalently bonded to the filler, a rubber composition comprising at least one rubber and at least this aforementioned filler, a vulcanizable rubber composition additionally comprising a vulcanization system, a vulcanized rubber composition obtainable therefrom, and a use of the aforementioned filler for Production of (vulcanizable) rubber compositions for use in the production of tires, preferably pneumatic tires and solid rubber tires, preferably in each case for their tread, sidewall and/or inner liner, and/or r for use in the production of technical rubber items, preferably profiles, seals, dampers and/or hoses.
- phenolic OFI groups phenolate groups, aliphatic OFI groups, carboxylic acid
- a known alternative to the use of carbon blacks as reinforcing fillers are precipitated silicic acids or silica.
- Precipitated silicic acids or silica are often used in chemically modified form.
- Corresponding processes for surface modification with, in particular, functional organosilanes are known, for example, from DE 2513608 A1, DE 3437473 A1, DE 10122269 A1 and DE 4004781 A1 and from DE 10 2013 226 162 A1. Such a modification can take place, for example, with the aid of a gas, as described in DE 10122269 A1, but this is comparatively expensive and not economically viable.
- Modification of the silicic acids or silica in a liquid medium such as a hydrocarbon, for example n-flexane, is also disadvantageous since the subsequent removal of the liquid in sufficient quantities often causes major problems.
- silanization to be carried out in a separate reaction step is not advantageous or often problematic in the case of silicic acids/silica, since the silicic acids are usually present in agglomerates and their surface can therefore not be silanized to a sufficient extent because only the accessible surface of the agglomerates is silanized What then later often leads to problems when the agglomerates (deagglomeration) of the silicas are broken up when incorporated into a rubber composition and interaction with the rubbers, since the non-silanized silica particles then in turn agglomerate therein, resulting in an undesirable high viscosity and impairment that can lead to performance.
- the chemically modified precipitated silicas are particularly suitable for use as reinforcing fillers due to their high specific surface area.
- Corresponding precipitated silicas are therefore suitable, for example, in advantageously both for applications in the field of technical rubber goods and in the field of the tire industry.
- organosilanes can be used to modify the silicic acids in particular when the polymers used have a sufficiently high thermal stability for an in-situ reaction to take place. This usually requires temperatures of at least 140 °C or 150 °C. If in-situ silanization cannot be carried out in an internal mixer because the necessary temperatures cannot be reached with the rubber compound or the mixing times are uneconomical, an ex-situ modified (silanized) precipitated silica can be used as an alternative.
- Vehicle tires such as pneumatic vehicle tires have a complex structure. The requirements for these are correspondingly diverse. On the one hand, short braking distances must be ensured on dry and especially wet roads, and on the other hand, they must have good abrasion properties and low rolling resistance. In addition, the vehicle tires must comply with the legal requirements. To ensure the varied performance profile, the individual tire components are specialized and consist of a variety of different materials, such as metals, polymeric textile materials and various rubber-based components. The tread of the tires is largely responsible for the driving characteristics. The rubber composition of the treads determines the aforementioned properties such as rolling resistance, wet grip and abrasion. The requirement profile for
- Rubber compositions which are suitable for the production of treads in particular, is therefore particularly high, not only with regard to the rubbers to be used, but also in particular with regard to the fillers to be used therein.
- the treads formed from such compositions must also be compatible with the adjacent tire components, and in particular have good adhesion to them.
- silanized precipitated silicas are used as reinforcing fillers
- the rolling resistance is improved due to a chemical binding of the precipitated silica to the elastomer of the rubber mixture and at the same time the wet grip is improved by the polarity on the surface of the precipitated silica.
- the tire abrasion is fundamentally worse when using precipitated silica compared to industrial carbon blacks, this can be counteracted by a suitable choice of the elastomers used (eg by using polybutadiene).
- rubber mixtures are often used in which the specific surface areas of the precipitated silicas used are comparatively high, for example in a BET range of 100 to 250 m 2 /g.
- BET range 100 to 250 m 2 /g.
- industrial carbon blacks which usually have a significantly lower specific surface area in the BET range of 30 to 50 m 2 /g. then often no more.
- WO 2017/085278 A1 discloses the use of particulate carbon material, in particular also of HTC lignin, as a substitute filler for carbon blacks. This is associated with the same frequently occurring disadvantages mentioned above in connection with EP 3 470 457 A1. WO 2017/085278 A1 also describes that this material, after incorporation into a rubber composition, can be subjected to in situ modification with organosilanes as coupling reagents.
- silanized carbon material such as FITC lignin
- FITC lignin silanized carbon material
- silicic acid does not take place or take place simultaneously or under different reaction conditions can, since in particular the reaction kinetics of the connection of the silane is very different in each case.
- WO 2017/194346 A1 also describes the use of HTC lignins in rubber mixtures for tire components, in particular together with a methylene donor compound such as hexa(methoxymethyl)melamine, in order to increase the stiffness of a cured rubber component of a tire, and under other things to replace phenolic resins.
- a possible in situ modification with organosilanes as coupling reagents is also mentioned in WO 2017/194346 A1.
- this is associated with the same disadvantages mentioned above in connection with WO 2017/085278 A1 that the in situ modification entails.
- An object of the present invention is therefore to provide environmentally friendly fillers that are suitable directly as such for incorporation into rubber compositions, in particular to provide tire components such as tire treads and tire components for the tire substructure (carcass) and / or to provide components for technical rubber goods, in particular with a view to improving the aging resistance and long-term stability of the rubber compositions, including in vulcanized form, an increased media resistance and hydrolysis resistance compared to the fillers of the prior art, improved mechanical properties such as moduli, tensile strength and elongation at break, and to enable advantages in the processing of components in their dynamic deformation (hysteresis advantages), especially in the field of technical rubber goods.
- these fillers should be universally usable and, in particular, allow at least a partial replacement of silanized silica as a filler in rubber compositions in a cheap and simple manner, without having to make the reaction control for the production of these compositions more complex, and still make it possible
- a first object of the present invention is therefore an organic filler with a 14 C content in a range from 0.20 to 0.45 Bq/g carbon, characterized in that at least over part of the oxygen atoms of at least one functional group of the filler, which is selected from phenolic OH groups, phenolate groups, aliphatic OH groups,
- the covalent attachment of at least one organic modifier to the organic filler did not take place in the presence of a rubber.
- the attachment of the at least one organic organosilane modifier to the filler used for this purpose i.e. the FPM filler before modification, which is described below
- the organic filler according to the invention is preferably in rubber-free form.
- Rubber composition comprising at least one rubber component, which contains at least one rubber, and a filler component, wherein the filler component contains at least one organic filler according to the invention as described in connection with the first subject matter of the present invention.
- Another object of the present invention is a vulcanizable rubber composition
- a vulcanizable rubber composition comprising the rubber composition according to the invention and a vulcanization system, preferably comprising at least zinc oxide and/or at least sulfur and/or at least one preferably organic peroxide, particularly preferably comprising at least sulfur.
- Another subject of the present invention is a kit of parts comprising, in spatially separated form, a rubber composition according to the invention as part (A) and a vulcanization system as part (B) as is contained in the vulcanizable rubber composition according to the invention.
- Another object of the present invention is a vulcanized
- Another object of the present invention is the use of at least one organic filler according to the invention for the production of rubber compositions and vulcanizable rubber compositions for use in the production of tires, preferably pneumatic tires and solid rubber tires, in particular pneumatic tires, preferably for their tread, side wall and/or inner liner. and/or for use in the manufacture of technical rubber articles, preferably to produce profiles, seals, dampers and/or hoses.
- the organic filler according to the invention represents an environmentally friendly alternative both to known, in particular inorganic, fillers and to carbon blacks for rubber applications.
- the organic filler according to the invention is suitable directly as such for incorporation into rubber compositions, in particular to produce treads, side walls and / or inner liners of tires such as pneumatic tires and solid rubber tires and / or technical rubber articles such as profiles, seals, dampers and/or manufacture hoses.
- the organic filler according to the invention has good compatibility with the rubbers contained in rubber compositions.
- the at least one organic organosilane modifier at least via a part of the oxygen atoms of at least one functional group of the filler, which is selected from phenolic OH groups, phenolate groups, aliphatic OH groups, carboxylic acid groups, carboxylate groups and mixtures of this, ie through the undertaken surface modification of the filler, a decrease in the polarity of the filler can be achieved to such an extent that the compatibility with the comparatively non-polar rubbers is improved.
- the compatibility can be further improved if the at least one organic modifier used has at least one other functional group FGK, which is different from the at least one reactive functional group X, and - if the filler together with at least a rubber is used within a rubber composition, - has a reactivity towards the at least one rubber and/or towards at least one functional group of this rubber and/or towards the vulcanization system used, in particular during vulcanization.
- the filler can also be attached to the rubber and/or the vulcanization system at the latest during vulcanization, which, in addition to improved compatibility, in particular improves the reinforcing properties (such as moduli, elongation at break, flysteresis, tear propagation resistance and/or tensile strength) of the vulcanized composition be further improved.
- the reinforcing properties such as moduli, elongation at break, flysteresis, tear propagation resistance and/or tensile strength
- the organic filler according to the invention makes it possible to improve the aging resistance and long-term stability of the rubber compositions, even in vulcanized form.
- the organic filler according to the invention has increased media resistance, in particular to bases, and hydrolysis resistance in particular compared to the fillers of the prior art.
- the covalent attachment made of the at least one organic organosilane made of the at least one organic organosilane
- the at least one organosilane modifier can be attached to the filler used (i.e. the FPM filler, which is described below) in a separate upstream step ("ex situ") and thus no in situ attachment within the filler used (i.e. the FPM filler, which is described below) in a separate upstream step (“ex situ”) and thus no in situ attachment within the filler used (i.e. the FPM filler, which is described below) in a separate upstream step (“ex situ”) and thus no in situ attachment within the filler used (i.e. the FPM filler, which is described below) in a separate upstream step (“ex situ”) and thus no in situ attachment within the filler used (i.e. the FPM filler, which is described below) in a separate upstream step (“ex situ”) and thus no in situ attachment within the filler used (i.e. the FPM filler, which is described below) in a separate upstream step (“ex situ”) and thus no in situ attachment within the filler used (i.e. the FPM
- Rubber composition must be done in the presence of a rubber.
- the organic filler according to the invention and already modified can be used as such in rubber compositions as a filler, especially in combination with other fillers such as inorganic fillers, especially with (unmodified) silica, especially when a modification of the other fillers such as silica with suitable modifiers such as organosilanes within the rubber compositions is envisaged and such modification therefore still has to take place in situ.
- the “ex situ” modification thus allows the user to use the modified reinforcing filler according to the invention without considering chemical reactions in the mixing process. This makes it easier to control the mixing process and focus on mechanically mixing the ingredients.
- the organic filler according to the invention can be used universally and, in particular, enables a partial replacement of silanized silica as a filler in rubber compositions in a cheap and simple manner without having to make the reaction control for the production of these compositions more complex, and it nevertheless makes it possible to obtain rubber compositions with properties that are at least as good.
- the “ex situ” modification here avoids the problem that the silanization of organic filler and silica does not or cannot take place simultaneously or under different reaction conditions, since in particular the reaction kinetics of the binding of the silane are very different in each case.
- the reaction conditions in the aforementioned case can therefore be tailored solely to the silanization of the silicas.
- corresponding, in particular vulcanizable, rubber compositions which contain the organic filler according to the invention can be used in the manufacture of tires such as pneumatic tires and solid rubber tires, in particular pneumatic tires, preferably for their tread, side walls and/or inner liner. and meet the requirements required for this to a very high degree, especially with regard to rolling resistance, abrasion and wet skid and a balance between these requirements.
- corresponding, in particular vulcanizable, rubber compositions which contain the organic filler according to the invention are suitable for use in the production of technical rubber goods (rubber articles), in particular profiles, seals, dampers and/or hoses.
- the modified organic fillers according to the invention allow advantages in the processing of components during their dynamic deformation (hysteresis advantages), especially in the field of technical rubber goods.
- inventive, in particular vulcanizable, rubber compositions which contain the organic filler according to the invention lead to vulcanized rubber compositions which are characterized by increased moduli in the range of up to 200% of elongation, preferably in a range of increases of up to 200%. This was also found in particular when no carbon blacks are used as additional fillers.
- inventive, in particular vulcanizable, rubber compositions which contain the organic filler according to the invention lead to vulcanized rubber compositions for use as tire treads in passenger cars and in particular in the truck sector, which compared to vulcanized rubber compositions which silanized instead of the organic filler according to the invention Have precipitated silica, lead to an improvement in rolling resistance and wet grip at the same time at least acceptable tire wear
- compositions described herein such as the rubber compositions according to the invention and the vulcanizable rubber compositions according to the invention (in each case comprising all mandatory and also all optional components) add up to a total of 100% by weight in each case.
- the organic filler according to the invention is an organic filler having a 14 C content in a range from 0.20 to 0.45 Bq/g carbon, wherein at least over part of the oxygen atoms at least one functional group of the filler selected from phenolic OFI -Groups, phenolate groups, aliphatic OFI groups, carboxylic acid groups, carboxylate groups and
- the surface-available, acidic flydroxyl groups can be determined qualitatively and quantitatively colorimetrically according to Sipponen.
- the Sipponen method is based on the adsorption of the basic dye Azure B onto the acidic flydroxyl groups accessible on the filler surface. If a corresponding adsorption takes place under the conditions that are specified in the following article under point 2.9 (p. 82), then acidic, surface-available flydroxyl groups are present within the meaning of the present invention.
- the amount of acidic flydroxyl groups available on the surface is given in mmol/g of filler.
- the amount of surface-available acidic flydroxyl groups is preferably in the range from 0.05 mmol/g to 40 mmol/g, more preferably from 0.1 mmol/g to 30 mmol/g and most preferably from 0.15 to 30 mmol/g.
- the filler according to the invention is organic, inorganic fillers such as precipitated silicas do not come under this term.
- filler and in particular organic filler is known to the person skilled in the art.
- the organic filler according to the invention is preferably a reinforcing filler, ie an active filler. Reinforcing or active fillers
- fillers can change the viscoelastic properties of the rubber through an interaction with a rubber within a rubber composition. For example, they can influence the viscosity of the rubbers and can improve the fracture behavior of the vulcanizates, for example with regard to tear propagation strength, tear propagation resistance and abrasion.
- Inactive fillers dilute the rubber matrix.
- the organic filler of the present invention has a 14 C content ranging from 0.20 to 0.45 Bq/g, preferably from 0.23 to 0.42 Bq/g carbon.
- the required 14 C content specified above is met by organic fillers which are obtained from biomass by further treatment or conversion, preferably fractionation, of the same, where the fractionation can take place thermally, chemically and/or biologically, preferably thermally and chemically.
- Fillers obtained from fossil materials, such as in particular fossil fuels therefore do not fall under the definition of the filler to be used according to the present invention, since they do not have a corresponding 14 C content.
- any biomass is referred to as biomass here, the term “biomass” herein so-called phytomass, i.e.
- the most preferred biomass herein for making the fillers is phytomass, preferably dead phytomass.
- Dead phytomass includes, but is not limited to, dead, shed, or severed plants and components. These include, for example, broken and torn leaves, corn stalks, side shoots, twigs and branches, fallen leaves, felled or pruned trees, as well as seeds and fruits and the components derived from them, but also sawdust, sawdust and other products from wood processing.
- the organic filler according to the invention preferably has a carbon content in the range from 60% by weight to 85% by weight, particularly preferably from 63% by weight to 80% by weight and very particularly preferably from 65% by weight to 75% by weight %, in particular from 68% by weight to 73% by weight, based in each case on the ashless and anhydrous filler.
- a method for determining the carbon content is given below in the Methods section.
- the organic filler differs both from carbon blacks that are produced from fossil raw materials and from carbon blacks that are produced from renewable raw materials, since carbon blacks have a corresponding carbon content of at least 95% by weight.
- the fillers according to the invention preferably have an oxygen content in the range from 15% by weight to 30% by weight, preferably 17% by weight to 28% by weight and particularly preferably 20% by weight to 25% by weight to the ashless and anhydrous filler.
- the oxygen content can be determined by floch temperature pyrolysis, for example using the EuroEA3000 CHNS-O Analyzer from EuroVector S.p.A.
- the organic filler according to the invention preferably has a BET surface area (specific total surface area according to Brunauer, Emmett and Teller) in a range from 10 to ⁇ 200 m 2 /g. A method for determining this parameter is described below in the Methods section.
- the organic filler according to the invention particularly preferably has a BET surface area in a range from 10 to 150 m 2 /g, very particularly preferably a BET surface area in a range from 20 to 120 m 2 /g, even more preferably a BET surface area in one range from 30 to 110 m 2 /g, in particular a BET surface area in a range from 40 to 100 m 2 /g, most preferably a BET surface area in a range from 40 to ⁇ 100 m 2 /g.
- the organic filler according to the invention preferably has an STSA surface area in a range from 10 to ⁇ 200 m 2 /g. A method for determining the STSA (Statistical Thickness Surface Area) is given below in the Methods section.
- the organic filler according to the invention preferably has an STSA surface area in a range from 10 to 150 m 2 /g, especially in a range from 20 to 120 m 2 /g, most preferably in a range from 30 to 110 m 2 /g, in particular in a range from 40 to 100 m 2 /g, most preferably in a range of 40 to ⁇ 100 m 2 /g.
- the organic filler according to the invention is preferably a lignin-based organic filler which is produced from biomass and/or biomass components.
- the lignin for the production of the lignin-based organic filler can be isolated, extracted and/or dissolved from biomass before it is modified according to the invention.
- Suitable methods for obtaining the lignin for the production of the lignin-based organic filler from biomass are, for example, hydrolysis methods or digestion methods such as the Kraft digestion method.
- the expression “based on lignin” in the context of the present invention preferably means that one or more lignin units and/or one or more lignin frameworks are present in the organic filler according to the invention.
- Lignins are solid biopolymers that are stored in plant cell walls and thus cause lignification of plant cells. They are therefore contained in biomass and in particular in biologically renewable raw materials and therefore represent an environmentally friendly filler alternative - especially in hydrothermally treated form.
- the lignin and preferably the organic filler according to the invention is preferably present as such at least partially in a hydrothermally treated form and is particularly preferably obtainable in each case by means of hydrothermal treatment.
- the organic filler according to the invention is particularly preferably based on lignin obtainable by means of hydrothermal treatment. Suitable methods of hydrothermal treatment, in particular of lignins and lignin-containing organic fillers, are described, for example, in WO 2017/085278 A1 and WO 2017/194346 A1 and in EP 3470457 A1.
- the hydrothermal treatment is preferably carried out at temperatures between 150° C. and 250° C. in the presence of liquid water.
- the organic filler according to the invention preferably has a pH in a range from 7 to 9, particularly preferably in a range from >7 to ⁇ 9, very particularly preferably in a range from >7.5 to ⁇ 8.5.
- the at least one organic modifier used for the covalent attachment is an organosilane which, before attachment, has at least one hydrolyzable functional group X which is reactive towards the at least one functional group of the filler and by means of which attachment to the filler takes place.
- organosilanes can be used here.
- the covalent and thus chemical binding of the at least one organic modifier to the organic filler used for this purpose, preferably to the lignin contained in the filler, takes place by a chemical reaction via at least some of the oxygen atoms of the at least one functional group of the filler, which is selected from phenolic OH groups, phenolate groups, aliphatic OH groups, carboxylic acid groups, carboxylate groups and mixtures thereof, each with at least one functional and hydrolyzable group X of the organic modifier that is reactive toward these groups.
- the at least partial reaction advantageously changes the polarity of the filler.
- a physical shielding effect can also occur (e.g. in the case of organosilanes with comparatively long-chain hydrophobic residues such as Cs-alkyl groups or >C8-alkyl groups).
- the organic filler according to the invention still has free phenolic OH groups, phenolate groups, aliphatic OH groups, carboxylic acid groups, carboxylate groups and mixtures thereof after attachment. Preferably this is the case.
- the organic filler according to the invention no longer has any free phenolic OH groups, phenolate groups, aliphatic OFI groups, carboxylic acid groups, carboxylate groups and mixtures thereof.
- the filler can still have one or more types of its functional group, for example aliphatic OFI groups, carboxylic acid groups, carboxylate groups and mixtures thereof, whereas all phenolic OFI groups previously present Groups and phenolate groups have been implemented
- the organic filler according to the invention is preferably in rubber-free form.
- An organic filler FPM with a 14 C content in the range from 0.20 to 0.45 Bq/g carbon is suitable as the starting material or precursor for the production of the organic filler according to the invention, which contains at least one functional group selected from phenolic ones OFI groups, phenolate groups, aliphatic OFI groups, carboxylic acid groups, carboxylate groups, and mixtures thereof.
- a covalent attachment of the at least one organic modifier used according to the invention has not yet taken place at this point in time.
- the FPM filler used according to the invention differs from the organic filler according to the invention at least in this way.
- the organic filler according to the invention can preferably be obtained by carrying out at least one step a) and optionally one or more of steps b) to d), namely a) bringing together the at least one modifier used according to the invention and at least one organic filler FPM which has a 14 C content in a range of 0.20 to 0.45 Bq/g carbon and which has at least one functional group selected from phenolic OFI groups, phenolate groups, aliphatic OH groups, carboxylic acid groups, carboxylate groups and mixtures thereof, b) optional heating of the mixture obtained according to step a), which is preferably present within a liquid or gaseous reaction medium, preferably to a temperature in a range from 30 ° C to
- step a) Bringing together according to step a) and the optional heating according to step b) has been carried out in a liquid reaction medium which contains at least one organic solvent, and d) after the covalent attachment of the modifier to the filler FPM has taken place, optional drying of the after step a) has been carried out and optional
- step b) and/or c) preferably under vacuum and/or at a temperature ranging from 20 to 100°C.
- the bringing together according to step a) and optionally also the heating according to optional step b) can be carried out in a reaction medium which is preferably liquid or gaseous.
- the modifier used and/or the FPM filler and/or the resulting mixture can optionally be present in a liquid or gaseous reaction medium.
- the liquid reaction medium can preferably contain or consist of at least one organic solvent, particularly preferably at least one hydrocarbon, very particularly preferably at least one aliphatic and/or aromatic hydrocarbon.
- the modifier can be covalently bonded to the FPM filler by CVD (chemical vapor deposition).
- step a) preferably takes place at room temperature (18 to ⁇ 30° C.).
- the covalent attachment of the modifier to the filler FPM can already take place under these conditions.
- step b) is carried out.
- the covalent connection takes place of the modifier to the filler FPM preferably in the temperature ranges mentioned above in connection with step b).
- the extraction according to optional step c) is preferably carried out at a temperature in a range from 20 to 150° C. and can optionally be carried out under reduced pressure.
- the reaction mixture is preferably mixed for a period of 0.01 to 30 h, particularly preferably 0.01 to 5 h, for example by stirring, in particular by one to achieve full implementation with the modifier used in the amount used.
- the organic filler according to the invention preferably contains the organic filler, based on its total weight, after the covalent attachment has taken place
- Modifier in a proportion in a range from 0.1 to 30% by weight, more preferably from 0.5 to 25% by weight, very preferably from 1.0 to 15% by weight, in particular from 1.5 up to 12% by weight.
- reaction of the hydrolyzable functional groups X with the corresponding groups of the organic filler can form elimination products such as alcohols, which therefore do not contribute to the proportion of the modifier in the filler.
- the at least one organic modifier used for the covalent attachment which is at least one organosilane, contains at least one organic radical and, before attachment to the filler, has at least one hydrolyzable functional group X that is reactive toward the at least one functional group of the filler, by means of which the attachment to the filler
- Preferred “hydrolyzable groups” for the purposes of the present invention are alkoxy groups, in particular C 1 -C 4 alkoxy groups, and/or flalogenide groups, preferably fluoride, chloride, bromide and/or iodide groups more preferred fluoride and/or chloride groups, most preferred chloride groups.
- the at least one organic modifier is preferably at least one monosilane, which preferably has at least two, particularly preferably three, hydrolyzable groups X, and/or is at least one bis(silane), which preferably has at least four, particularly preferably six, hydrolyzable groups X.
- the hydrolyzable groups X can be the same or at least two of these groups can be different from one another.
- the hydrolyzable groups X are preferably alkoxy groups, in particular C 1 -C 4 alkoxy groups, and/or halide groups , in particular fluoride, chloride, bromide and/or iodide groups. Methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, sec-butoxy and tert-butoxy groups are particularly preferred. Most preferred are ethoxy groups and methoxy groups.
- the at least one organic modifier used has at least one further functional group FGK, which is different from the at least one reactive functional group X, and which is preferably part of the at least one organic radical of the modifier, and which - if the filler according to the invention together with at least one rubber is used within a rubber composition, - has a reactivity towards the at least one rubber and/or towards at least one functional group of this rubber and/or a vulcanization system present in the rubber composition, in particular during a vulcanization, wherein the at least one further functional group FGK is preferably selected from the group consisting of carbon-carbon double bonds, in particular vinyl groups, and sulfur-containing groups and mixtures thereof, particularly preferably a from the group consisting of cis carbon-carbon double bonds, mercapto groups, which may optionally be blocked, and di- and/or polysulfide groups, and mixtures thereof.
- the at least one further functional group FGK is preferably selected from the group consisting of carbon-carbon double bonds, in particular vinyl groups
- the at least one organic modifier used has at least one additional functional group FGB, which is different from the at least one reactive functional group X, and which is preferably also different from the optionally present additional functional group FGK, and which is preferably part of the at least one organic remainder of the modifier.
- the at least one further functional group FGB is preferably a functional group which increases the basicity of the filler after attachment of the organic modifier used, particularly preferably an amino group, in particular an amino group selected from the group consisting of primary and secondary amino
- the at least one organic radical of the organosilane/organosilanes used is preferably a non-hydrolyzable organic radical.
- the radical is preferably selected from the group comprising Ci-C 2 o-aliphatic radicals, Ci-C 2 o-heteroaliphatic radicals, C 3 -C 20 -cycloaliphatic radicals, 3-20-membered heterocycloaliphatic radicals, 5-20-membered aryl or fleteroaryl radicals, a C 3 -C 2 o-cycloaliphatic radical bonded via a Ci- 10 -aliphatic radical, via a Ci- 10 3-20-membered heterocycloaliphatic radicals bonded to an aliphatic radical, 5-20-membered aryl or fleteroaryl radicals bonded to a C 1-10 aliphatic radical, it being possible for each of these radicals to contain at least one reactive functional group, in particular at least one functional group FGK and/or at least one
- the at least one organic modifier is preferably at least one organosilane of the general formula (I) and/or (II)
- X is each independently a hydrolyzable functional group reactive with phenolic OFI groups, phenolate groups, aliphatic OH groups, carboxylic acid groups, carboxylate groups and mixtures thereof, each preferably independently selected from O-Ci -4-alkyl and flalogenides
- the parameter y is an integer in the range from 1 to 3, but is at least 1, preferably is exactly 1
- R is a non-hydrolyzable organic radical, preferably a C 3 - C2o-aliphatic radical, optionally containing at least one reactive functional group FGK and/or at least one functional group FGB, and in the case of the general formula (II)
- each X is independently a hydrolyzable functional group reactive with phenolic OFI groups, phenolate groups, aliphatic OFI groups, carboxylic acid groups, carboxylate groups and mixtures thereof, each preferably independently being selected from O-Ci -4-alkyl and flalogenides,
- RA is a divalent non-hydrolyzable organic radical, preferably a divalent C6-C20-aliphatic radical, optionally containing at least one reactive functional group FGK and/or at least one functional group FGB, the parameter z in each case being an integer in the range from 0 to 3, preferably in each case 0, and
- T is a non-hydrolyzable organic radical which is different from the radical (RA) and preferably has none of the functional groups FGB and FGK, particularly preferably is a C 1 -C 20 aliphatic radical.
- the at least one organic modifier is at least one organosilane of general formula (II).
- the radical R has at least one thiol group as the functional group FGK and/or if the radical is at least one Cs-aliphatic radical which optionally has at least one functional group FGK .
- Examples of monosilanes that can be used according to the invention are 3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane (Si263) and octyltriethoxysilane.
- Examples of monosilanes that can be used according to the invention are also 3-chloropropyltrichlorosilanes, in which case the following nucleophiles can also be used instead of the chlorine on the propyl group, which improve the physical interaction with the polymer or react chemically with the polymer used:
- the radical RA has at least one disulfide or polysulfide group and/or at least one carbon-carbon double bond, preferably in the cis position, as the functional group FGK.
- bis(silanes) that can be used according to the invention are TESTP (Si69; (bis[triethoxysilylpropyl]tetrasulfide) and TESPD (especially Si75 and Si266) (bis[triethoxysilylpropyl]disulfide).
- bis(silanes) that can be used according to the invention as flalosilanes are also (bis[trichlorosilylpropyl]tetrasulfide), (bis[trichlorosilylpropyl]disulfide) and/or (bis[trichlorosilylpropyl]amine).
- the organic filler according to the invention preferably has only limited solubility in alkaline media, in particular in 0.1 M or 0.2 M NaOH.
- the solubility is determined according to the method described below.
- the solubility of the organic filler is preferably less than 30%, particularly preferably less than 25%, very particularly preferably less than 20%, even more preferably less than 15%, even more preferably less than 10%, further preferably less than 7.5%, more preferably less than 5%, even more preferably less than 2.5%, most preferably less than 1%.
- Another subject of the present invention is a rubber composition
- a rubber composition comprising at least one rubber component, which contains at least one rubber, and a filler component, wherein the filler component contains at least one organic filler according to the invention as described in connection with the first subject of the present invention.
- the filler component preferably contains at least one organic filler according to the invention as described in connection with the first subject matter of the present invention.
- the rubber composition comprises the at least one organic filler of the invention in an amount ranging from 10 to 150, more preferably 15 to 130, most preferably 20 to 120, especially 40 to 100 phr.
- the rubber composition according to the invention comprises at least one rubber component which contains at least one rubber
- NR Natural rubber
- synthetic rubbers are known to those skilled in the art.
- the at least one rubber is preferably selected from the group consisting of natural rubber (NR), halobutyl rubbers, in turn preferably selected from the group consisting of chlorobutyl rubbers (CIIR; chloro-isobutene-isoprene rubber) and bromobutyl rubbers ( BIIR; bromo-isobutene-isoprene rubber), butyl rubber or isobutylene-isoprene rubber (IIR; isobutene isoprene rubber), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR, styrene butadiene rubber), in turn preferably SSBR (solution-polymerized SBR and/or ESBR (emulsion-polymerized SBR), polybutadiene (BR, butadiene rubber), acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber
- CIIR chlorobutyl rubbers
- the proportion of SBR is preferably higher than the proportion of BR.
- the total amount of SBR rubber is preferably 60 to 100 phr, more preferably 65 to 100 phr, more preferably 70 to 100 phr.
- the total amount of BR rubber is preferably 0 to 40 phr, more preferably 0 to 35 phr, more preferably 0 to 30 phr.
- the specification phr (parts per hundred parts of rubber by weight) used here is the quantity specification for compound formulations customary in the rubber industry.
- the dosage of the parts by weight of the individual components is always based on 100 parts by weight of the total mass of all the rubbers present in the mixture.
- the rubber composition according to the invention comprises at least one filler component, the filler component containing at least one organic filler according to the invention.
- the rubber composition according to the invention preferably contains from 10 to 150, more preferably from 15 to 130, very preferably from 20 to 120, in particular from 40 to 100 phr of the organic filler according to the invention as described above.
- the rubber compositions can contain other fillers that are different from these fillers.
- the rubber compositions according to the invention can also contain industrial carbon blacks, in particular furnace blacks, such as are classified as general-purpose carbon blacks under ASTM Code N660.
- the rubber compositions according to the invention can contain, in particular, inorganic fillers, for example different particle size, particle surface and chemical nature with different potential to influence the vulcanization behavior. If further fillers are present, these should preferably have properties that are as similar as possible to the organic ones according to the invention used in the rubber composition according to the invention
- fillers are preferably phyllosilicates such as clay minerals, for example talc; carbonates such as calcium carbonate; Silicates such as calcium, magnesium and
- aluminum silicate aluminum silicate; and oxides such as magnesium oxide and silica.
- the rubber compositions according to the invention can also contain inorganic fillers such as silica or silicic acid. These inorganic fillers can then be subjected to in situ modification.
- inorganic fillers such as silica or silicic acid.
- zinc oxide is not one of the inorganic fillers, since zinc oxide has the task of a vulcanizer or a vulcanization-promoting additive.
- additional fillers should be chosen with care as higher levels of magnesium oxide, for example, can adversely affect flatness to adjacent tire plies and silica tends to be organic molecules such as those found in some
- Inorganic fillers including preferably silica and other fillers that carry Si-OFI groups on their surface, can also be surface-treated
- alkoxysilane groups can, for example, be attached to the surfaces of silicates by hydrolytic condensation or silica, or other suitable groups, while for example the amino groups and thiol groups may react with isoprene moieties of certain rubbers. This can provide mechanical reinforcement for the vulcanized rubber compositions of the present invention.
- the fillers other than the organic fillers according to the invention can be used individually or in combination with one another.
- fillers are used, their proportion is preferably less than 40 phr, particularly preferably 20 to 40 phr and particularly preferably 25 to 35 phr.
- the rubber composition according to the invention can contain further optional components such as plasticizers and/or antidegradation agents, resins, in particular resins which increase adhesion and even already vulcanizers and/or vulcanization-promoting additives such as zinc oxide and/or fatty acids such as stearic acid.
- plasticizers and/or antidegradation agents resins, in particular resins which increase adhesion and even already vulcanizers and/or vulcanization-promoting additives such as zinc oxide and/or fatty acids such as stearic acid.
- plasticizers makes it possible in particular to influence properties of the unvulcanized rubber composition, such as processability, but also properties of the vulcanized rubber composition, such as its flexibility, especially at low temperatures.
- particularly suitable plasticizers are mineral oils from the group of paraffinic oils (essentially saturated chain-like hydrocarbons) and naphthenic oils (essentially saturated cyclic hydrocarbons).
- paraffinic oils essentially saturated chain-like hydrocarbons
- naphthenic oils essentially saturated cyclic hydrocarbons
- aromatic hydrocarbon oils is also possible and even preferred.
- a mixture of paraffinic and/or naphthenic oils with aromatic oils can also be advantageous as plasticizers with regard to the flattening of the rubber composition to other rubber-containing components in tires, such as the carcass, for example.
- plasticizers are, for example, esters of aliphatic dicarboxylic acids such as adipic acid or sebacic acid, paraffin waxes and polyethylene waxes.
- the paraffinic oils and naphthenic oils are particularly suitable in the context of the present invention, but aromatic oils, in particular aromatic mineral oils, are most preferred.
- Plasticizers and very particularly preferably the paraffinic and/or naphthenic and in particular aromatic process oils are preferably used in an amount of 0 to 100 phr, preferably 10 to 70 phr, particularly preferably 20 to 60 phr, in particular 20 to 50 phr.
- antidegradants examples include quinolines such as TMQ (2,2,4-methyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline) and diamines such as 6-PPD (N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine).
- adhesion-promoting resins can be used to improve adhesion of the vulcanized rubber composition of the present invention to other adjacent tire components.
- Particularly suitable resins are those based on phenol, preferably from the group consisting of phenolic resins, phenol-formaldehyde resins and phenol-acetylene resins.
- aliphatic hydrocarbon resins such as EscorezTM 1102 RM from ExxonMobil, but also aromatic hydrocarbon resins.
- aliphatic hydrocarbon resins improve adhesion to other rubber components of the tire. They typically have lower adhesion than the phenolic-based resins and can be used alone or in admixture with the phenolic-based resins.
- adhesion-promoting resins are preferably those selected from the group consisting of phenolic-based resins, aromatic hydrocarbon resins, and aliphatic hydrocarbon resins. Their proportion is preferably 0 to 15 phr or 1 to 15 phr, particularly preferably 2 to 10 phr and very particularly preferably 3 to 8 phr.
- the rubber composition according to the invention can also contain additives which promote vulcanization but are not capable of independently triggering it.
- additives include, for example, vulcanization accelerators such as saturated fatty acids having 12 to 24, preferably 14 to 20 and particularly preferably 16 to 18 carbon atoms, such as stearic acid and the zinc salts of the aforementioned fatty acids.
- Thiazoles can also be among these additives.
- vulcanization-promoting additives in the vulcanization systems described below. If vulcanization-promoting additives and in particular the aforementioned fatty acids and/or their zinc salts, preferably stearic acid and/or zinc stearate, are used in the rubber compositions according to the invention, their proportion is preferably 0 to 10 phr, particularly preferably 1 to 8 phr and particularly preferably 2 to 6 phr.
- the rubber composition according to the invention can also already contain certain vulcanizers such as zinc oxide, which is preferred. However, it is also possible to only use such vulcanizers in the vulcanization systems described below.
- vulcanizers such as zinc oxide are used in the rubber compositions according to the invention, their proportion is preferably 0 to 10 phr, particularly preferably 1 to 8 phr and particularly preferably 2 to 6 phr.
- Vulcanizable rubber composition according to the invention is preferably 0 to 10 phr, particularly preferably 1 to 8 phr and particularly preferably 2 to 6 phr.
- Another object of the present invention is a vulcanizable rubber composition
- a vulcanizable rubber composition comprising the invention
- the vulcanization systems are not counted among the rubber compositions according to the invention here, but are treated as additional systems that cause the crosslinking.
- the addition of the vulcanization systems to the rubber compositions according to the invention gives rise to the vulcanizable rubber compositions according to the invention.
- the rubber component used according to the invention of the vulcanizable rubber composition according to the invention which contains at least one rubber, allows the use of a wide variety of different vulcanization systems.
- the vulcanization of the rubber compositions of the present invention is preferably carried out using at least zinc oxide and/or at least sulfur and/or at least one peroxide, such as in particular at least one organic peroxide.
- zinc oxide it can be added to the rubber component (A) or to component (B).
- Zinc oxide is preferably added to component (A).
- sulfur it is preferably added to component (B).
- At least zinc oxide and/or at least sulfur and/or at least one peroxide is preferably used in combination with different organic compounds for the vulcanization.
- the vulcanization behavior and the properties of the vulcanized rubbers obtained can be influenced by the various additives.
- a saturated fatty acid having 12 to 24, preferably 14 to 20 and particularly preferably 16 to 18 carbon atoms, for example stearic acid and/or zinc stearate are preferably added to the zinc oxide Vulcanization accelerator added. This allows the vulcanization rate to be increased. However, the final extent of vulcanization is usually reduced when the fatty acids mentioned are used.
- thiurams such as thiuram monosulfide and/or thiuram disulfide and/or tetrabenzylthiuram disulfide (TbzTD) and/or dithiocarbamates and/or sulfenamides are added to the zinc oxide in the absence of sulfur or alternatively in the presence of sulfur. to shorten the scorch time and improve the vulcanization efficiency while forming particularly stable networks.
- the thiazoles and sulfenamides are preferably selected from the group consisting of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT), mercaptobenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS), N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazyl sulfenamide (CBS), 2-morpholinothiobenzothiazole (MBS) and N-tert-butyl -2-benzothiazylsulfenamide (TBBS).
- a vulcanization based at least on zinc oxide an alkylphenol disulfide is added to the zinc oxide in order to adjust the scorch times, in particular to accelerate them.
- a further, fourth variant of a vulcanization based at least on zinc oxide uses a combination of zinc oxide with polymethylolphenol resins and their halogenated derivatives, in which preferably neither sulfur nor sulfur-containing compounds are used.
- the vulcanization is carried out using a combination of zinc oxide with thiazoles and/or thiurams and/or sulfenamides and preferably sulfur.
- a particularly advantageous cure system includes zinc oxide, a thiuram such as tetrabenzylthiuram disulfide (TbzTD), a sulfenamide such as N-tert-butyl-2-benzothiazylsulfenamide (TBBS), and sulfur.
- TbzTD tetrabenzylthiuram disulfide
- TBBS N-tert-butyl-2-benzothiazylsulfenamide
- the combination of the first variant with the fifth variant is particularly preferred, ie the use of a vulcanization system comprising zinc oxide, a thiuram such as
- TbzTD tetrabenzylthiuram disulfide
- TBBS N-tert-butyl-2-benzothiazylsulfenamide
- sulfur and stearic acid and/or optionally zinc stearate are examples of sulfur vulcanization or peroxide vulcanization, with the latter being able to lead to an undesired reduction in molecular weight due to splitting of the molecules, particularly when using butyl rubber or other rubbers.
- the rubber composition according to the invention is vulcanized in the presence of the organic fillers according to the invention, such as HTC lignins.
- the organic fillers according to the invention such as HTC lignins.
- Components of the vulcanization systems that cannot induce vulcanization as such can also be referred to as “further components of the
- Rubber composition may be contained in the rubber composition of the present invention, ie already part of the rubber composition according to the invention and therefore do not necessarily have to be contained in the vulcanization system.
- the stearic acid and/or optionally zinc stearate in particular may already be present in the rubber composition according to the invention and for the complete vulcanization system to form in situ, for example by mixing/adding at least zinc oxide and at least sulfur.
- the present invention also relates to a kit of parts comprising a rubber composition according to the invention in spatially separate form as part (A) (also referred to as part (A)) and a vulcanization system as part (B) (also referred to as part (B)), preferably a vulcanization system comprising at least zinc oxide and/or at least sulfur.
- a kit of parts comprising a rubber composition according to the invention in spatially separate form as part (A) (also referred to as part (A)) and a vulcanization system as part (B) (also referred to as part (B)), preferably a vulcanization system comprising at least zinc oxide and/or at least sulfur.
- the rubber composition according to the invention and the vulcanization system are spatially separated from one another and can be stored in this way.
- the kit of parts is used to produce a vulcanizable rubber composition.
- the rubber composition according to the invention that makes up part of the kit-of-parts can be used as part (A) in step 1 of the process described below for producing a vulcanizable rubber mixture, and the second part of the kit-of-parts, namely the Vulcanization system as part (B) in stage 2 of said process.
- the rubber composition according to the invention and the vulcanization system are in the kit-of-parts according to the invention spatially separated from each other.
- the kit of parts according to the invention comprises as Part (A) a rubber composition according to the invention and as part (B) a vulcanization system comprising at least zinc oxide and/or at least sulfur, where at least zinc oxide can alternatively be present within part (A).
- kit-of-parts according to the invention particularly preferably comprises as
- Part (A) a rubber composition according to the invention and as part (B) a vulcanization system comprising zinc oxide, sulfur and at least one thiuram, where at least zinc oxide can alternatively be present within part (A).
- kit-of-parts according to the invention very particularly preferably comprises as
- Part (A) a rubber composition according to the invention and as part (B) a vulcanization system comprising zinc oxide, sulfur, at least one thiuram, and at least one saturated fatty acid such as stearic acid and/or optionally zinc stearate, with at least zinc oxide and/or stearic acid and/or zinc stearate alternatively within Part (A).
- a vulcanization system comprising zinc oxide, sulfur, at least one thiuram, and at least one saturated fatty acid such as stearic acid and/or optionally zinc stearate, with at least zinc oxide and/or stearic acid and/or zinc stearate alternatively within Part (A).
- kit of parts according to the invention comprises as
- Part (A) a rubber composition according to the invention and as part (B) a vulcanization system comprising zinc oxide, sulfur, at least one thiuram, at least one sulfenamide and at least one saturated fatty acid such as stearic acid and/or optionally zinc stearate, with at least zinc oxide and/or stearic acid and /or zinc stearate may alternatively be present within Part (A).
- a vulcanization system comprising zinc oxide, sulfur, at least one thiuram, at least one sulfenamide and at least one saturated fatty acid such as stearic acid and/or optionally zinc stearate, with at least zinc oxide and/or stearic acid and /or zinc stearate may alternatively be present within Part (A).
- a further object of the present invention is a method for producing the rubber composition according to the invention and a method for producing the vulcanizable rubber composition according to the invention.
- the vulcanizable rubber composition according to the invention is preferably prepared in two stages in stages 1 and 2, the rubber composition according to the invention preferably being obtainable after going through the first stage of this two-stage process.
- the rubber composition according to the invention is first produced as a masterbatch by mixing together all the components that are used to produce the rubber composition according to the invention.
- the components of the vulcanization system are admixed to the rubber composition according to the invention. step 1
- the at least one rubber which is contained in the rubber component of the rubber composition according to the invention, and optionally usable resins that are different and preferably improve adhesion are preferably initially introduced. However, the latter can also be added with the other additives.
- the rubbers are preferably at least room temperature (23.degree. C.) or are preferably used preheated to temperatures of at most 50.degree. C., preferably at most 45.degree. C. and particularly preferably at most 40.degree. More preferably, the rubbers are pre-kneaded for a short period of time before the other ingredients are added. Will If inhibitors are used for subsequent vulcanization control, such as magnesium oxide, these are preferably also added at this point in time.
- At least one organic filler according to the invention and optionally further fillers are then added, preferably with the exception of zinc oxide, since this is used in the rubber compositions according to the invention as a component of the vulcanization system and is therefore not considered a filler herein.
- the at least one organic filler according to the invention and optionally further fillers are preferably added incrementally.
- plasticizers and other components such as stearic acid and/or zinc stearate and/or zinc oxide are only added after the addition of the at least one organic filler according to the invention or the other fillers, if used.
- This facilitates the incorporation of the at least one organic filler according to the invention and, if present, the other fillers.
- dump temperature The highest temperatures obtained during the preparation of the rubber composition in the first stage (“dump temperature”) should not exceed 170° C., since partial decomposition of the reactive rubbers and/or the organic fillers according to the invention is possible above these temperatures. Depending on the rubber used, however, temperatures of >170° C., for example down to ⁇ 200° C., are also possible.
- the maximum temperature in the preparation of the rubber composition of the first stage is between 80°C and ⁇ 200°C, more preferably between 90°C and 190°C, most preferably between 95°C and 170°C.
- the mixing of the components of the rubber composition according to the invention is usually carried out using internal mixers which are equipped with tangential or intermeshing (ie intermeshing) rotors. The latter usually allow better temperature control. Mixers with tangential rotors are also referred to as tangential mixers. However, the mixing can also be carried out, for example, using a twin-roller mixer.
- the rubber composition After the rubber composition has been prepared, it is preferably cooled before the second stage is carried out. Such a process is also referred to as aging. Typical aging periods are 6 to 24 hours, preferably 12 to 24 hours.
- Step 2 the rubber composition of the first step is incorporated with the components of the vulcanization system, thereby obtaining a vulcanizable rubber composition according to the present invention.
- a vulcanization system based at least on zinc oxide and at least on sulfur is used as the vulcanization system, at least the sulfur and other optional components such as in particular at least one thiuram and/or at least one sulfenamide are preferably added in stage 2. It is possible to add zinc oxide in stage 2 as well, and also optionally to add at least one saturated fatty acid such as stearic acid. However, it is preferred to integrate these constituents into the rubber composition according to the invention as early as stage 1.
- the highest temperatures obtained in the second stage (“dump temperature”) during the production of the admixture of the vulcanization system to the rubber composition should preferably not exceed 130.degree. C., particularly preferably 125.degree.
- a preferred temperature range is between 70°C and 125°C, particularly preferably 80°C and 120°C. At temperatures above those for the Crosslinking system maximum temperature of 105 to 120 °C can lead to premature vulcanization.
- the composition is preferably cooled.
- a rubber composition according to the invention is thus initially obtained in the first stage, which is supplemented in the second stage to form a vulcanizable rubber composition
- the vulcanizable rubber compositions that are produced undergo shaping processes that are preferably tailored to the end article.
- Rubber compositions are preferably brought into a suitable form, which is necessary for the vulcanization process, by means of extrusion or calendering.
- the vulcanization can take place in vulcanization molds using pressure and temperature, or the vulcanization can take place without pressure in temperature-controlled channels in which air or liquid materials ensure heat transfer.
- Vulcanized rubber composition according to the invention
- Another object of the present invention is a vulcanized rubber composition which is obtainable by vulcanizing the vulcanizable rubber composition according to the invention or by vulcanizing a vulcanizable rubber composition obtainable by combining and mixing the two parts (A) and (B) of the kit-of-parts according to the invention.
- vulcanization is carried out under pressure and/or the action of heat. Suitable vulcanization temperatures are preferably from 140°C to 200°C, more preferably from 150°C to 180°C.
- the vulcanization takes place at a pressure in the range from 50 to 175 bar. However, it is also possible to carry out the vulcanization in a pressure range of 0.1 to 1 bar, for example in the case of profiles.
- Another object of the present invention is a use of at least one organic filler according to the invention for the production of rubber compositions and vulcanizable rubber compositions for / for use in the production of tires such as pneumatic tires and solid rubber tires, in particular pneumatic tires, preferably in each case for their tread, sidewall and / or Inner liner and/or in the manufacture of technical rubber items, preferably profiles, seals, dampers and/or hoses.
- tires such as pneumatic tires and solid rubber tires, in particular pneumatic tires, preferably in each case for their tread, sidewall and / or Inner liner and/or in the manufacture of technical rubber items, preferably profiles, seals, dampers and/or hoses.
- Rubber composition Another object of the present invention is a method for producing a pneumatic tire, preferably comprising a tread of the vulcanizable rubber composition according to the invention.
- the treads are typically vulcanized under pressure and/or heat along with the tire carcass and/or other tire components.
- Suitable vulcanization temperatures are preferably from 140°C to 200°C, more preferably from 150°C to 180°C.
- the method can be carried out, for example, in such a way that the green tire is formed into the closing mold by closing the press.
- an inner bellows heating bellows
- a small pressure ⁇ 0.2 bar
- the press and thus the mold are then completely closed.
- the pressure in the bellows is increased (crowning pressure, usually around 1.8 bar). This embosses the profile into the tread as well as the sidewall lettering.
- the press is locked and the closing force is applied.
- the closing force varies depending on the press type and tire size and can be up to 2500 kN using hydraulic cylinders. After the closing forces have been applied, the actual vulcanization process begins.
- the mold is continuously heated with steam from the outside. Here, temperatures are generally set between 150 and 180 °C.
- temperatures are generally set between 150 and 180 °C.
- steam or hot water is used inside the bladder.
- the internal pressures can vary and differ depending on the type of tire such as car or truck tires. determination methods
- the specific surface area of the filler to be examined was determined according to the ASTM D 6556 (2019-01-01) standard provided for carbon blacks (carbon black) by nitrogen adsorption. According to this standard, the BET surface (specific total surface according to Brunauer, Emmett and Teller) and the external surface (STSA surface; Statistical Thickness Surface Area) were also determined as follows
- the sample to be analyzed was dried to a dry substance content of >97.5% by weight at 105°C.
- the measuring cell was dried for several hours in a drying oven at 105 °C before the sample was weighed.
- the sample was then filled into the measuring cell using a funnel. If the upper shaft of the measuring cell became dirty during filling, it was cleaned with a suitable brush or pipe cleaner.
- glass wool was weighed in in addition to the sample. The purpose of the glass wool was to hold back any flying material that could soil the device during the heating process.
- the anhydrous ash content of the samples was determined according to the DIN 51719 standard by thermogravimetric analysis as follows: Before weighing, the sample was ground or ground in a mortar. Before the ash is determined, the dry matter content of the weighed material is determined. The sample material was weighed into a crucible with an accuracy of 0.1 mg. The furnace together with the sample was heated to a target temperature of 815 °C at a heating rate of 9 °K/min and then held at this temperature for 2 h. The furnace was then cooled down to 300 °C before the samples were taken. The samples were cooled to ambient temperature in the desiccator and weighed again. The remaining ash was related to the weight and the weight percent content of ash was determined. A triplicate determination was carried out for each sample and the mean value was given. 3. Determination of the pH of the organic fillers used
- the pFI value was determined based on the ASTM D 1512 standard as follows. If the dry sample was not already in the form of a powder, it was ground or ground into a powder. In each case 5 g sample and 50 g deionized water were weighed into a beaker. The suspension was heated to a temperature of 60° C. with constant stirring using a magnetic stirrer with a felt function and stirrer bar, and the temperature was kept at 60° C. for 30 min. The stirring function of the stirrer was then deactivated so that the batch was able to cool while being stirred. After cooling, the water that had evaporated was made up by adding more deionized water and stirring again for 5 minutes. The pFI value of the suspension was determined using a calibrated measuring device. The temperature of the suspension should be 23°C ( ⁇ 0.5°C). A duplicate determination was carried out for each sample and the mean value was given. 4. Determination of the strand loss of the organic fillers used
- the strand loss of the sample was determined based on ASTM D 1509 as follows.
- the MA100 moisture balance from Sartorius was heated to a drying temperature of 125.degree.
- the dry sample if not already present as a powder, was ground or ground into a powder.
- About 2 g of the to The sample to be measured was weighed on a suitable aluminum pan in the moisture balance and the measurement was then started. As soon as the weight of the sample did not change by more than 1 mg for 30 s, this weight was considered constant and the measurement was terminated.
- the heating loss then corresponds to the displayed moisture content of the sample in % by weight. At least one duplicate determination was carried out for each sample. The weighted mean values are given.
- the acidic hydroxyl groups available on the surface were determined qualitatively and quantitatively colorimetrically according to Sipponen.
- the Sipponen method is based on the adsorption of the basic dye Azure B on the acidic hydroxyl groups accessible on the filler surface and is described in detail in the article "Determination of surface-accessible acidic hydroxyls and surface area of lignin by cation dye adsorption" (Bioresource Technology 169 ( 2014) 80-87).
- the amount of acidic hydroxyl groups available on the surface is given in mmol/g of filler. Regardless of how the filler was obtained, the process was not only applied to lignin-based fillers, but also, for example, to the comparison carbon black N660.
- the 14 C content (content of bio-based carbon) can be determined using the radiocarbon method in accordance with DIN EN 16640:2017-08.
- the carbon content can be determined by elemental analysis according to DIN 51732: 2014-7. 8. Determination of the oxygen content
- the oxygen content can be determined by high-temperature pyrolysis using the EuroEA3000 CHNS-0 analyzer from EuroVector SpA. 9. Determination of the solubility in alkaline media
- the determination of the alkali solubility is determined as follows:
- the solubility is determined in triplicate. For this purpose, 2.0 g of dry filler are weighed into 20 g of 0.1 M NaOH. However, if the determined pH value of the sample is ⁇ 10, this sample is discarded and instead 2.0 g of dry filler are weighed into 20 g of 0.2 M NaOH. Depending on the pH value ( ⁇ 10 or >10), either 0.1 M NaOH (pH >10) or 0.2 M NaOH (pH ⁇ 10) is used. The alkaline suspension is shaken at room temperature for 2 hours at a speed of 200 shakers per minute. If the liquid touches the lid, the number of shakers should be reduced so that this does not happen. The alkaline suspension is then centrifuged at 6000 x g.
- the supernatant from the centrifugation is filtered through a Por 4 frit.
- the solid after centrifugation is washed twice with distilled water, repeating the centrifugation and filtration described above after each washing.
- the solid is dried for at least 24 h at 105 °C in a drying oven to constant weight.
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- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21174918 | 2021-05-20 | ||
| PCT/EP2022/063658 WO2022243487A1 (de) | 2021-05-20 | 2022-05-19 | Organosilan-modifizierte organische füllstoffe und diese enthaltende kautschukzusammensetzungen |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4341104A1 true EP4341104A1 (de) | 2024-03-27 |
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ID=76034491
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22730415.1A Pending EP4341104A1 (de) | 2021-05-20 | 2022-05-19 | Organosilan-modifizierte organische füllstoffe und diese enthaltende kautschukzusammensetzungen |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20240247130A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4341104A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2024518132A (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20240011770A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN117320891A (de) |
| AU (1) | AU2022277800A1 (de) |
| CA (1) | CA3220448A1 (de) |
| CL (1) | CL2023003434A1 (de) |
| MX (1) | MX2023013756A (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2022243487A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2513608C2 (de) | 1975-03-27 | 1982-08-05 | Degussa Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Verfahren zur Hydrophobierung von Kieselsäuren und Silikaten mit Organosilanen |
| DE3437473A1 (de) | 1984-10-12 | 1986-04-17 | Degussa Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | An der oberflaeche modifizierte synthetische, silikatische fuellstoffe, ein verfahren zur herstellung und deren verwendung |
| DE4004781A1 (de) | 1990-02-16 | 1991-08-22 | Degussa | Verfahren zur herstellung von mit organosiliciumverbindungen modifizierten fuellstoffen, die so hergestellten fuellstoffe und deren verwendung |
| DE10122269A1 (de) | 2001-05-08 | 2002-11-21 | Degussa | Silanmodifizierter biopolymerer, biooligomerer, oxidischer oder silikatischer Füllstoff, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung und seine Verwendung |
| US8664305B2 (en) * | 2009-02-10 | 2014-03-04 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Functionalized lignin, rubber containing functionalized lignin and products containing such rubber composition |
| DE102013226162A1 (de) | 2013-12-17 | 2015-06-18 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Silanmodifizierte Kieselsäure, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und deren Verwendung |
| DE102016201801A1 (de) * | 2015-11-21 | 2017-05-24 | Suncoal Industries Gmbh | Partikelförmiges Kohlenstoffmaterial herstellbar aus nachwachsenden Rohstoffen und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
| EP3243877B2 (de) | 2016-05-09 | 2024-10-02 | Nokian Renkaat Oyj | Reifen mit hydrothermal karbonisiertem lignin |
| EP3470457B2 (de) | 2017-10-10 | 2023-09-20 | Continental Reifen Deutschland GmbH | Schwefelvernetzbare kautschukmischung, vulkanisat der kautschukmischung und fahrzeugreifen |
| CN107641205B (zh) * | 2017-10-24 | 2020-03-10 | 广东工业大学 | 一种强紫外吸收聚丙烯酸酯可再分散乳胶粉及制备方法 |
-
2022
- 2022-05-19 KR KR1020237044133A patent/KR20240011770A/ko active Pending
- 2022-05-19 MX MX2023013756A patent/MX2023013756A/es unknown
- 2022-05-19 CN CN202280035946.4A patent/CN117320891A/zh active Pending
- 2022-05-19 EP EP22730415.1A patent/EP4341104A1/de active Pending
- 2022-05-19 WO PCT/EP2022/063658 patent/WO2022243487A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2022-05-19 AU AU2022277800A patent/AU2022277800A1/en active Pending
- 2022-05-19 CA CA3220448A patent/CA3220448A1/en active Pending
- 2022-05-19 US US18/561,809 patent/US20240247130A1/en active Pending
- 2022-05-19 JP JP2023571681A patent/JP2024518132A/ja active Pending
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2023
- 2023-11-19 CL CL2023003434A patent/CL2023003434A1/es unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN117320891A (zh) | 2023-12-29 |
| CL2023003434A1 (es) | 2024-05-31 |
| CA3220448A1 (en) | 2022-11-24 |
| JP2024518132A (ja) | 2024-04-24 |
| US20240247130A1 (en) | 2024-07-25 |
| WO2022243487A1 (de) | 2022-11-24 |
| KR20240011770A (ko) | 2024-01-26 |
| AU2022277800A1 (en) | 2023-12-07 |
| MX2023013756A (es) | 2023-12-04 |
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