EP4361438B1 - Wärmepumpenkompressor - Google Patents

Wärmepumpenkompressor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4361438B1
EP4361438B1 EP23204371.1A EP23204371A EP4361438B1 EP 4361438 B1 EP4361438 B1 EP 4361438B1 EP 23204371 A EP23204371 A EP 23204371A EP 4361438 B1 EP4361438 B1 EP 4361438B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
compressor
bldc motor
rotor
stator
pressure chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP23204371.1A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP4361438A1 (de
Inventor
Kamil Jakabovic
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vaillant GmbH
Protherm Production sro
Original Assignee
Vaillant GmbH
Protherm Production sro
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vaillant GmbH, Protherm Production sro filed Critical Vaillant GmbH
Publication of EP4361438A1 publication Critical patent/EP4361438A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4361438B1 publication Critical patent/EP4361438B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B35/00—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for
    • F04B35/04—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for the means being electric
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/06—Cooling; Heating; Prevention of freezing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/06—Cooling; Heating; Prevention of freezing
    • F04B39/066—Cooling by ventilation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/12—Casings; Cylinders; Cylinder heads; Fluid connections
    • F04B39/123—Fluid connections

Definitions

  • the invention refers to the design of a compressor for the refrigerant circuit of a heat pump device intended mainly for heating and/or cooling of buildings.
  • Heat pump heating systems extract heat from the ambient medium (air, water, soil) and make it available for use, for example by transferring it to drinking water for the preparation of domestic hot water or also by transferring it to the heating circuit for the purpose of heating the living space.
  • the basis of a heat pump is a closed circuit filled with refrigerant.
  • the heat pump, or its cooling circuit has essentially four basic parts - an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser and an expansion valve.
  • the refrigerant in the cooling circuit often undergoes a phase change, transfers heat, releases heat by condensation and absorbs heat by evaporation.
  • the heat pump circuits use a compressor.
  • the compressor which drives the movement of all fluids in the heat pump cooling circuit, is the most important and mechanically most stressed part of the cooling circuit.
  • Compressors to drive gas compression work on the principle of piston, eccentric or screw design, while in heat pumps the eccentric principle is most often used.
  • the compressor assembly consists of two parts, a compressor and an electric motor, which is used to rotate the corresponding eccentric cam to compress gas.
  • the electric motor used is either alternating current (AC) single-phase or three-phase with a squirrel cage. More modern compressors having an electronically commutated direct current (DC) electric motor are also known in the state of the art.
  • the rotor of the electric motor is made by a cylindrical permanent magnet, for example made of high temperature resistant Al-Ni-Co alloy.
  • the electric motor of the compressor is heated by refrigerant. This is due to the fact that the compressed gas outlet from the compressor part is routed into the rotor and stator area, thereby heating both the stator and the rotor of the compressor electric motor. This places unreasonable thermal load on the permanent magnet of the rotor and also on the stator coil.
  • the winding of the stator coil may be damaged (short circuit between windings, etc.)
  • Compressors with a traditional electric motor have a rather complicated operation control (a frequency converter is needed), the aim is to regulate the heat pump so that the number of shutdowns does not exceed the number set by the designers.
  • the heat pump also has a protection of the electric motor against extremely short off and on cycles (e.g. at least 3 minutes after switching off until the compressor is switched on again).
  • the invention discloses an improved compressor using a commutatorless brushless (BL) direct-current (DC) electric motor (hereinafter BLDC motor).
  • BLDC motor commutatorless brushless (BL) direct-current (DC) electric motor
  • a rotor made as a permanent magnet rotates; the rotation is achieved by changing the direction of the magnetic fields generated by the surrounding stationary electromagnetic coils. To control the rotation it is necessary to control the magnitude and direction of the current conducted into the electromagnetic coils.
  • the rotor Since the rotor is a permanent magnet, it does not need current, eliminating the need for brushes and a commutator.
  • the current to the fixed electromagnetic coils is controlled externally.
  • BLDC motors can drive continuously at maximum rotational force (torque). Even small BLDC motors can deliver considerable power.
  • BLDC motors can be controlled using feedback mechanisms to achieve the exact torque and rotational speed required.
  • the BLDC motor of the compressor can be controlled by PWM signals, no frequency converter is required.
  • BLDC motors are also characterised by high durability and low electrical noise production due to the absence of brushes. Therefore, BLDC motors are often considered preferable to brush motors in applications where it is important to avoid electrical noise.
  • the improvement of the compressor design according to the presented invention consists in the fact that the electromagnetic coils of the BLDC motor stator will be separated from the pressure part of the compressor by a housing and atmosphere (it will not be part of the internal pressure part of the compressor).
  • the refrigerant inlet will be routed to the BLDC motor rotor of the compressor and the BLDC motor rotor of the compressor will be cooled (not heated) by the refrigerant.
  • the shape of the rotor of the electric motor of the compressor is also changed from cylindrical to helical to provide additional flow of refrigerant to the compression part and to overfill the compressor chamber.
  • the rotor of the electric motor of the compressor can be made as a permanent magnet from a cheaper material designed for lower temperatures (e.g. neodymium, ferrite, etc.).
  • a compressor for the refrigeration circuit of a heat pump device intended for a heating and/or cooling device having a refrigerant inlet connection 5, refrigerant outlet connections 8, 9 and a compressor block 7 controlled by a BLDC motor, wherein the BLDC motor comprises a rotor 2 and a stator 3 equipped with electromagnetic coils 4.
  • the rotor 2 of the BLDC motor is made as a permanent magnet coupled to the shaft 1, with the shaft 1 arranged in the pressure chamber 6 of the compressor and housed in the plain bearings 11.
  • the permanent magnet (rotor) 2 has a special helical shape to improve the refrigerant flow and to overfill the pressure chamber 6 of the compressor. Refrigerant flows into the pressure chamber 6 of the compressor through the refrigerant inlet connection 5 and heated refrigerant exits through the refrigerant outlet connections 8, 9.
  • the stator 3 of the BLDC motor is equipped with six electromagnetic coils 4 and is arranged outside the pressure chamber 6 of the compressor.
  • the stator 3 of the BLDC motor is arranged on the outside of the housing 10 of the compressor pressure chamber, so that the electromagnetic coils 4 of the stator are within the magnetic field of the permanent magnet of the rotor 2.
  • the stator 3 of the BLDC motor can be mounted on the housing 10 by sliding, pressing, or in other suitable way.
  • the refrigerant is routed in the compressor pressure chamber 6 through the helical body of the rotor 2 of the BLDC electric motor to provide cooling to the rotor 2.
  • the shaft 1 and the refrigerant inlet connection 5 are connected to the compressor block 7, arranged in the compressor pressure chamber 6.
  • the compressor block 7 is constructed as a two-piston eccentric, BLDC motor-driven mechanism, with two refrigerant outlet connections 8, 9.
  • This compressor arrangement ensures that the compressed (heated and hot) refrigerant routed via outlet connections 8, 9 are no longer routed to the BLDC motor area and the BLDC motor is not exposed to heat, thus ensuring longer compressor life.
  • the refrigerant outlet connections 8,9 of the compressor block 7 are routed outside the area of the BLDC motor stator 3 location.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Applications Or Details Of Rotary Compressors (AREA)
  • Compressor (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Kompressor für einen Wärmepumpen-Kältemittelkreislauf, der eine Kältemitteleinlassverbindung (5), Kältemittelauslassverbindungen (8, 9) und einen Kompressorblock (7), der von einem BLDC-Motor mit einem Rotor (2) und einem Stator (3) gesteuert wird, umfasst,
    wobei der Rotor (2) des BLDC-Motors als Dauermagnet hergestellt ist, wobei der Dauermagnet eine spiralförmige Form aufweist,
    der Rotor (2) des BLDC-Motors in einer Druckkammer (6) des Kompressors eingerichtet ist und mit einer Welle (1) verbunden ist,
    der Stator (3) des BLDC-Motors außerhalb der Druckkammer (6) des Kompressors eingerichtet ist und mit elektromagnetischen Spulen (4) ausgestattet ist,
    das Kältemittel durch den spiralförmigen Körper des Rotors (2) des BLDC-Motors in die Druckkammer (6) des Kompressors geleitet wird, um dem Rotor (2) Kühlen bereitzustellen und die Kompressordruckkammer (6) zu überfüllen.
  2. Kompressor nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die Welle (1) in den Lagern (11) untergebracht ist und mit dem Kompressorblock (7) verbunden ist.
  3. Kompressor nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    der Kompressorblock (7) mit einem Zweikolben-Exzentermechanismus ausgestattet ist, der von dem BLDC-Motor gesteuert wird.
  4. Kompressor nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    der Stator (3) des BLDC-Motors durch Schieben, Pressen oder andere geeignete Mittel an dem Gehäuse (10) der Kompressordruckkammer (6) derart befestigt ist, dass sich die elektromagnetischen Spulen (4) des Stators (3) des BLDC-Motors innerhalb des Magnetfelds des Rotors (2) befinden.
  5. Kompressor nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die Kältemittelauslassverbindungen (8, 9) des Kompressorblocks (7) außerhalb der Lage der Statoranordnung des BLDC-Motors (3) geleitet sind.
  6. Heiz- und/oder Kühlvorrichtung mit einer Wärmepumpe,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die Wärmepumpe mit einem Kompressor nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5 ausgestattet ist.
EP23204371.1A 2022-10-27 2023-10-18 Wärmepumpenkompressor Active EP4361438B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SK135-2022U SK9861Y1 (sk) 2022-10-27 2022-10-27 Kompresor tepelného čerpadla

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4361438A1 EP4361438A1 (de) 2024-05-01
EP4361438B1 true EP4361438B1 (de) 2024-12-04

Family

ID=86325457

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP23204371.1A Active EP4361438B1 (de) 2022-10-27 2023-10-18 Wärmepumpenkompressor

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4361438B1 (de)
SK (1) SK9861Y1 (de)

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2961271B1 (fr) * 2010-06-15 2013-02-15 Valeo Thermal Sys Japan Co Compresseur electrique
FR2961268B1 (fr) * 2010-06-15 2012-08-03 Valeo Thermal Sys Japan Co Compresseur electrique a arbre court
DE102013003513A1 (de) * 2013-03-04 2014-09-04 Wabco Gmbh Verdichteranordnung zum Betreiben einer Druckluftversorgungsanlage, Druckluftversorgungsanlage und Druckluftversorgungssystem sowie Fahrzeug mit einer solchen Druckluftversorgungsanlage
US10473367B2 (en) 2013-05-24 2019-11-12 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Heat pump apparatus
JP6453682B2 (ja) * 2015-03-19 2019-01-16 三菱重工サーマルシステムズ株式会社 圧縮機駆動用モータおよびその冷却方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP4361438A1 (de) 2024-05-01
SK1352022U1 (sk) 2023-05-17
SK9861Y1 (sk) 2023-09-27

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