EP4402736A1 - Dispositif et procédé de recirculation de gaz anodique dans un circuit anodique d'un système de pile à combustible, et système de pile à combustible - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé de recirculation de gaz anodique dans un circuit anodique d'un système de pile à combustible, et système de pile à combustible

Info

Publication number
EP4402736A1
EP4402736A1 EP22765799.6A EP22765799A EP4402736A1 EP 4402736 A1 EP4402736 A1 EP 4402736A1 EP 22765799 A EP22765799 A EP 22765799A EP 4402736 A1 EP4402736 A1 EP 4402736A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
jet pump
fuel cell
valve
cell system
anode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP22765799.6A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Hans-Christoph Magel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE102022201020.5A external-priority patent/DE102022201020A1/de
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP4402736A1 publication Critical patent/EP4402736A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04402—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow of anode exhausts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04253—Means for solving freezing problems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for recirculating anode gas in an anode circuit of a fuel cell system.
  • a method for recirculating anode gas in an anode circuit of the fuel cell system is also proposed.
  • the device enables the method according to the invention to be carried out.
  • the invention relates to a fuel cell system with a device according to the invention.
  • a fuel cell system comprises at least one fuel cell, which can be used to convert a fuel, for example hydrogen, and an oxidizing agent, for example oxygen, into electrical energy, heat and water.
  • a fuel cell has an anode and a cathode.
  • the anode is supplied with the fuel and the cathode with the oxidizing agent.
  • the fuel is therefore the anode gas.
  • a jet pump is often used in combination with another jet pump as a gas delivery unit in order to cover a recirculation capacity in different operating states, in particular high-load operation and low-load operation.
  • the jet pumps can each be operated individually or together.
  • the jet pumps are each supplied with hydrogen by a separate dosing valve per jet pump in order to ensure flexible metering of the anode gas, which is in particular a propellant medium, as required.
  • DE 10 2007 004590 A1 discloses a device which has at least two jet pumps connected in parallel.
  • a check valve is additionally used on each of the two jet pumps in order to prevent the delivery quantity from flowing back through the respective jet pump.
  • the problem here is the high cost of two separate check valves, which increase the overall cost of the device.
  • the present invention is concerned with solving this problem.
  • the device with the features of claim 1 and the method with the features of claim 8 are proposed for the solution.
  • Advantageous developments of the invention can be found in the respective dependent claims.
  • the fuel cell system with the device according to the invention is specified.
  • a device and a method for recirculating anode gas in an anode circuit of a fuel cell system and a fuel cell system are proposed.
  • the device comprises at least two jet pumps connected in parallel, which can be operated individually or together depending on the load, with the jet pumps being supplied at least indirectly with a driving medium, in particular from a tank via a respective metering valve and an inflow line.
  • the device according to the invention is designed in such a way that a first jet pump is fluidly connected to a fuel cell, in particular an anode region, on the inflow side or outflow side via at least one check valve, with a second jet pump without such a check valve, in particular in the flow path, being fluidly connected on the inflow side or is downstream connected to the fuel cell, in particular the anode area.
  • a cost-effective design of the device can be brought about, since an additional second check valve for the second jet pump can be saved.
  • the space requirement is reduced by eliminating the additional chen second check valve significantly reduced. A more compact design of the device can thus be brought about, as a result of which less installation space is required in the overall vehicle.
  • this configuration of the device according to the invention can improve the cold start capability of the device and thus of the entire fuel cell system, in particular at temperatures below 0° C. at which there is high humidity in the anode circuit. A freezing of the second check valve in the area of the second jet pump is thus prevented in that the second jet pump is designed without such a second check valve and/or is connected to a fuel cell. As a result, the second jet pump can also be operated reliably at low temperatures and the fuel cell can be started at any time.
  • the check valve of the first jet pump is located on the outflow side in the area of a connecting line or between the connecting line and the first jet pump.
  • the check valve or an additional check valve can be located on the inflow side via a first inlet in the area of a return line or between the return line and the first jet pump. In this way, it is possible to reliably prevent the delivery quantity from flowing back through the first jet pump, in particular while the first jet pump is not controlling the quantity of the propellant medium.
  • a compact design of the device can be brought about by this inventive embodiment of the device.
  • the second jet pump is designed for low-load operation.
  • the quantity of a propellant medium is controlled, in particular as part of metering, exclusively by a second metering valve.
  • the second jet pump can be operated, in that the first jet pump is fluidically separated from the inflow line by means of the metering valve and the delivery quantity can also flow back through the first jet pump be prevented by means of the non-return valve.
  • the second jet pump is more efficient than the first jet pump when the fuel cell system is operated at low load.
  • there are no friction losses due to the anode gas flowing through the first jet pump there are no friction losses due to the anode gas flowing through the first jet pump. A consistently high recirculation capacity and/or a high level of efficiency can thus be provided.
  • the first jet pump is designed for high-load operation, and the quantity of a propellant medium is controlled, in particular as part of metering, by a first metering valve.
  • a consistently high recirculation capacity can be provided, since the jet pumps can be controlled separately from one another.
  • the efficiency of the fuel cell system can be improved since the fuel cell can be optimally charged by means of the first jet pump.
  • the second jet pump has an at least approximately identical pressure build-up potential as the first jet pump, even with a low delivery rate that approaches at least almost zero, in particular due to the geometric design of the second jet pump.
  • this pressure build-up potential can be used to prevent the delivery quantity of the anode gas from flowing back through the second jet pump. The efficiency of the device and/or of the fuel cell system can thus be improved.
  • the inflow line coming from the first shut-off valve branches off in the area of a first node into a first inflow line and a second inflow line.
  • the first and second jet pumps can be connected in parallel.
  • only the second jet pump can be charged by opening the second metering valve while the first metering valve of the first jet pump remains closed.
  • the two jet pumps connected in parallel can be operated together.
  • the proposed device is therefore particularly suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention described below. With the aid of the device, the same advantages can thus be achieved that the efficiency of the fuel cell system can be improved.
  • the proposed method for recirculating anode gas in an anode circuit of the fuel cell system at least two jet pumps connected in parallel are used, in which the second jet pump is permanently operated and the first jet pump can be switched on depending on the load, in particular by means of the first metering valve, with only the first jet pump has a check valve.
  • the method can be operated in such a way that the flow resistance of the flow lines can be reduced due to the absence of a second check valve in the area of the second jet pump.
  • both jet pumps can in principle also be used for the recirculation of anode gas. In this way, a consistently high recirculation performance can be achieved, both at high and at low loads.
  • a second jet pump designed for low load is operated at low load.
  • a high-load jet pump which is the first jet pump
  • the low-load jet pump which is the second jet pump.
  • the second jet pump when only the second jet pump is in operation, a backflow of anode gas through the respective first jet pump is prevented with the aid of at least one valve, in particular the check valve. If only one jet pump is operated, there is a risk that anode gas will be sucked back via an inactive jet pump.
  • the blocking element when using the blocking element as the non-return valve, this can also be a passive or pressure-controlled valve, so that here too the implementation is comparatively easy.
  • the at least one blocking element is preferably arranged in the area of the connecting line.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic longitudinal section through a jet pump according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a fuel cell arrangement according to the invention with a fuel cell and a device according to a first exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of a fuel cell arrangement according to the invention with the fuel cell and the device according to a second exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic longitudinal section of a first jet pump 4 or a second jet pump 6.
  • the jet pump 4 , 6 has a first inlet 28 , a second inlet 36 , an intake area 7 , a mixing tube 9 and a diffuser area 11 .
  • the anode gas flows at least partially in a flow direction III through the jet pump 4, 6, with the flow direction III running parallel to a longitudinal axis 52 of the jet pump 4, 6.
  • the majority of the areas of the jet pump 4, 6 through which flow occurs are at least approximately tubular and are used to convey and/or conduct the gaseous medium, which is in particular H2 with proportions of H2O and N2, in the jet pump 4, 6 the jet pump 4, 6 is supplied with a propellant medium by means of the second inlet 36, which is fed through a channel of a nozzle 12 into the suction area 7 or the mixing tube 9 flows in.
  • the jet pump 4, 6 is supplied with recirculated material through the first inlet 28, the recirculated material being in particular the unused H2 from an anode area 38 (shown in FIG. 2) of a fuel cell 32, in particular a stack.
  • the recirculated material can also contain water and nitrogen.
  • the driving medium can come from a tank 34 and be under high pressure, in particular more than 5 bar.
  • the propellant medium is discharged from the nozzle 12 into the intake area 7 and/or the mixing tube 9 .
  • the hydrogen flowing through the nozzle 12 and serving as the motive medium has a pressure difference and/or speed difference to the recirculation medium, which flows from the first inlet 28 into the respective jet pump 4, 6, with the motive medium having a higher pressure of at least 5 bar in particular. If a so-called jet pump effect occurs, the recirculation medium is conveyed at low pressure into the central flow area of the respective jet pump 4, 6.
  • the propellant medium flows through the nozzle 12 into the intake area 7 and/or the mixing tube 9 with the pressure difference described and at a high speed, which can in particular be close to the speed of sound.
  • the nozzle 12 has an inner recess in the form of a flow opening through which the gaseous medium can flow, particularly in the case of the first jet pump 4 coming from a first metering valve 10 and flowing into the intake area 7 and/or the mixing tube 9 .
  • the driving medium hits the recirculation medium that is already in the suction area 7 and/or in the mixing tube 9 . Due to the high speed and/or pressure difference between the motive medium and the recirculation medium, internal friction and turbulence is created between the media. This creates a shear stress in the boundary layer between the fast propellant medium and the much slower recirculation medium. This tension causes momentum transfer, accelerating and entraining the recirculation medium. Mixing takes place according to the principle of conservation of momentum.
  • the recirculation medium is accelerated in the direction of flow III and a pressure drop occurs for the recirculation medium, as a result of which a suction effect sets in and thus further recirculation medium is subsequently conveyed from the area of the first inlet 28 .
  • This effect can be referred to as the jet pump effect.
  • the propellant medium flows out of the second inlet 36 into the central flow area of the first jet pump 4, so that the propellant medium can no longer flow in flow direction III to the recirculation medium in the intake area 7 and/or the mixing tube 9 and the jet pump effect is thus suspended.
  • the mixed medium to be conveyed which consists in particular of the recirculation medium and the propellant medium, flows in the direction of flow III into the diffuser area 11, where the flow velocity in the diffuser area 11 can be reduced. From there, the medium flows further, for example, into the anode area 38 of the fuel cell 32.
  • the respective metering valve 10, 14 can be located directly on the respective jet pump 4, 6, and in particular can form a common assembly with it, with the respective metering valve 10, 14 having a respective integrated driving nozzle 12a, b.
  • the respective jet pump 4, 6 is supplied with fresh anode gas via the respective metering valve 10, 14 and/or the respective integrated propulsion nozzle 12a, b.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a fuel cell system 31 according to the invention with the fuel cell 32 and the device 1 according to a first exemplary embodiment.
  • the device 1 serves to recirculate anode gas in an anode circuit of a fuel cell system 31, comprising at least two jet pumps 4, 6 connected in parallel, which can be operated individually or together depending on the load, with the jet pumps 4, 6 being at least indirectly supplied with a propellant medium, in particular made of is fed to the tank 34 via the first shut-off valve 15 and/or an inflow line 21 .
  • fresh anode gas which is in particular a propellant medium, flows from the tank 34 via a tank line 27 to a second shut-off valve 17.
  • the second shut-off valve 17 can be used to fluidly separate the tank 34 from the fuel cell system
  • the propellant flows to a pressure control valve 19, which is in particular a pressure reducer 19, by means of which the pressure level of the anode gas coming from the tank 34 is reduced before it flows further into a medium-pressure line.
  • the second shut-off valve 17 is typically used for safety reasons, with the second shut-off valve 17 being used optionally.
  • the pressure reduction can be regulated down from a pressure level in the range of 700 bar, which prevails in the tank 34, for example, to a pressure level in the range of 10 to 15 bar in the area of the medium-pressure line.
  • the motive medium flows from the medium-pressure line via the first shut-off valve 15 and the downstream inflow line 21 to the respective jet pump 4, 6.
  • the inflow line 21 coming from the first shut-off valve 15 branches off in the area of a first node 46 into a first inflow line 21a and a second inflow line 21b .
  • the device 1 and/or the respective jet pump 4 , 6 are connected to the fuel cell 32 via a connecting line 29 , which includes the anode area 38 and a cathode area 40 .
  • a return line 23 is provided which connects the anode area 38 of the fuel cell
  • the first gaseous medium that is not utilized in the anode region 38 during operation of the fuel cell 32 can be returned to the first inlet 28 by means of the return line 23 .
  • This first gaseous medium is in particular the previously described recirculation medium.
  • a water separator 8 and/or a drain valve 30 can also be located in the area of the return line 23 .
  • the unused gaseous medium thus flows from the fuel cell 32 into the water separator 8, in which the water is separated from the hydrogen and in which the water is then discharged into an environment 26, for example by means of a valve 8.
  • the anode gas can flow back to the respective jet pump 4 , 6 or to the drain valve 30 via the connecting line 29 .
  • the drain valve 30 which is in particular a purge valve 30, water and/or hydrogen and/or nitrogen are released to the environment 26.
  • the first jet pump 4 is fluidically connected to the fuel cell 32, in particular the anode region 38, via at least one check valve 18 on the inflow or outflow side, with the second jet pump 6 being fluidically connected without such a check valve, in particular in the flow path, on the inflow side or is connected on the outflow side to the fuel cell 32, in particular to the anode area 38.
  • the second jet pump 6 therefore has no separate second check valve.
  • the second jet pump 6 is designed for the lowest operating point that occurs in the fuel cell 32 and therefore does not require quantity regulation.
  • the first jet pump 4 is designed for high-load operation and quantity control of a propellant medium, in particular as part of metering, is carried out by first metering valve 10.
  • the second jet pump 6 is therefore designed for low-load operation and quantity control of a propellant medium, particularly as part of metering , takes place through the second metering valve 14 .
  • the first jet pump 4 is designed for high-load operation, and the quantity of a propellant medium is controlled, in particular as part of metering, by the first metering valve 10.
  • the respective connecting line 29a, b is located downstream of the respective jet pump 4, 6.
  • the connecting lines 29a, b converge in the area of a second node 48 and/or are fluidly connected to one another and to another area of the connecting line 29 .
  • the respective jet pump 4 , 6 is connected to the fuel cell 32 by means of the connecting line 29 .
  • the check valve 18 of the first jet pump 4 is located upstream of the first inlet 28 in the area of the return line 23b or between the return line 23b and the first jet pump 4.
  • the second jet pump 6 can have an at least approximately identical pressure build-up potential as the first jet pump 4, even with a low delivery rate, which is at least almost zero, in particular due to the geometric design of the second jet pump 6.
  • the method shown for recirculating anode gas in which at least two jet pumps 4, 6 connected in parallel are used, in which the second jet pump 6 is permanently operated and the first jet pump 4 can be switched on depending on the load.
  • the connection can be made by means of the first metering valve 10, with only the first jet pump 4 having a check valve 18.
  • Check valve 18 can be used, for example a spring-loaded or springless check valve 18 or a ball valve 18, plate valve 18, flap valve 18.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of a fuel system 31 according to the invention with the fuel cell 32 and the device 1 according to a second embodiment.
  • the check valve 18 of the first jet pump 4 is located on the inflow side before the first inlet 28 in the area of the return line 23b or between the return line 23b and the first jet pump 4, either on the outflow side in the area of the connecting line 29b or between the connecting line 29b and the first jet pump 4.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif (1) de recirculation de gaz anodique dans un circuit anodique d'un système de pile à combustible (31) et un système de pile à combustible (31) comprenant un dispositif (1) selon l'invention. L'invention concerne également un procédé de recirculation de gaz anodique dans un circuit anodique du système de pile à combustible (31), dans lequel au moins deux pompes à jet (4, 6) reliées en parallèle sont utilisées et fonctionnent individuellement ou conjointement en fonction de la charge.
EP22765799.6A 2021-09-13 2022-08-16 Dispositif et procédé de recirculation de gaz anodique dans un circuit anodique d'un système de pile à combustible, et système de pile à combustible Withdrawn EP4402736A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102021210058 2021-09-13
DE102022201020.5A DE102022201020A1 (de) 2021-09-13 2022-02-01 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Rezirkulation von Anodengas in einem Anodenkreis eines Brennstoffzellensystems, Brennstoffzellensystem
PCT/EP2022/072858 WO2023036569A1 (fr) 2021-09-13 2022-08-16 Dispositif et procédé de recirculation de gaz anodique dans un circuit anodique d'un système de pile à combustible, et système de pile à combustible

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4402736A1 true EP4402736A1 (fr) 2024-07-24

Family

ID=83232542

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP22765799.6A Withdrawn EP4402736A1 (fr) 2021-09-13 2022-08-16 Dispositif et procédé de recirculation de gaz anodique dans un circuit anodique d'un système de pile à combustible, et système de pile à combustible

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20240363876A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP4402736A1 (fr)
KR (1) KR20240055079A (fr)
WO (1) WO2023036569A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117039056B (zh) * 2023-10-09 2024-02-02 上海徐工智能科技有限公司 一种大功率燃料电池氢气循环系统及排氮控制方法

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4761181B2 (ja) * 2004-05-28 2011-08-31 トヨタ自動車株式会社 燃料電池システム
DE102007004590A1 (de) 2007-01-30 2008-07-31 Daimler Ag Gasversorgungsanordnung in einer Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung
KR101567073B1 (ko) * 2009-03-16 2015-11-06 현대자동차주식회사 연료전지 시스템의 연료 공급 장치

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR20240055079A (ko) 2024-04-26
WO2023036569A1 (fr) 2023-03-16
US20240363876A1 (en) 2024-10-31

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