EP4408932A1 - Poudre à base de polyaryléthercétone(s) pour la fabrication d'objets ductiles - Google Patents
Poudre à base de polyaryléthercétone(s) pour la fabrication d'objets ductilesInfo
- Publication number
- EP4408932A1 EP4408932A1 EP22789959.8A EP22789959A EP4408932A1 EP 4408932 A1 EP4408932 A1 EP 4408932A1 EP 22789959 A EP22789959 A EP 22789959A EP 4408932 A1 EP4408932 A1 EP 4408932A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- polyaryletherketone
- powder
- thermoplastic polymer
- flexible thermoplastic
- equal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L71/00—Compositions of polyethers obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G77/42—Block-or graft-polymers containing polysiloxane sequences
- C08G77/452—Block-or graft-polymers containing polysiloxane sequences containing nitrogen-containing sequences
- C08G77/455—Block-or graft-polymers containing polysiloxane sequences containing nitrogen-containing sequences containing polyamide, polyesteramide or polyimide sequences
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/12—Powdering or granulating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L27/12—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
- C08L27/18—Homopolymers or copolymers or tetrafluoroethene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L71/00—Compositions of polyethers obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L71/08—Polyethers derived from hydroxy compounds or from their metallic derivatives
- C08L71/10—Polyethers derived from hydroxy compounds or from their metallic derivatives from phenols
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L79/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08L61/00 - C08L77/00
- C08L79/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08L79/08—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L83/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L83/04—Polysiloxanes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L83/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L83/10—Block- or graft-copolymers containing polysiloxane sequences
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2650/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G2650/28—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule characterised by the polymer type
- C08G2650/38—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule characterised by the polymer type containing oxygen in addition to the ether group
- C08G2650/40—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule characterised by the polymer type containing oxygen in addition to the ether group containing ketone groups, e.g. polyarylethylketones, PEEK or PEK
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G77/04—Polysiloxanes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2365/00—Characterised by the use of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2371/00—Characterised by the use of polyethers obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2371/00—Characterised by the use of polyethers obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2371/08—Polyethers derived from hydroxy compounds or from their metallic derivatives
- C08J2371/10—Polyethers derived from hydroxy compounds or from their metallic derivatives from phenols
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2427/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2427/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08J2427/12—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
- C08J2427/18—Homopolymers or copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2479/00—Characterised by the use of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen, or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08J2461/00 - C08J2477/00
- C08J2479/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08J2479/08—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2483/00—Characterised by the use of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2483/10—Block- or graft-copolymers containing polysiloxane sequences
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of polyaryletherketones.
- the invention relates to a powder based on polyaryletherketone(s) for the manufacture of ductile objects, in particular for the manufacture of objects by a method of constructing objects layer-to-layer by sintering caused by radiation ( s) electromagnetic(s).
- PESKs Polyaryletherketones
- These polymers are well-known high performance engineering polymers. They can be used for demanding applications in terms of temperature and/or mechanical or even chemical stress. They can also be used for applications requiring excellent fire resistance and low emission of smoke or toxic gases. Finally, they have good biocompatibility. These polymers are found in fields as varied as aeronautics and space, off-shore drilling, automotive, rail, marine, wind power, sports, construction, electronics and implants. medical.
- polyaryletherketones Notwithstanding these advantageous properties, it is sometimes necessary to formulate polyaryletherketones in order to meet specific specifications. Thus, it is possible to seek greater flexibility making it possible to accommodate new modes of use and positioning of the parts, with a greater possibility of bending.
- compositions consisting of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and polyoctenylene are known from US 2009/0292073.
- compositions consisting of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and polysiloxane are also known from US 2005/004326 A1.
- compositions consisting of a mixture of (PEEK) and polysiloxane/polyetherimide block copolymer. More specifically, non-delaminating mixtures of PEEK and comprising from 10% to 25% by weight of polysiloxane/polyetherimide block copolymer, comprising from 20% to 30% by weight of polysiloxane, could be manufactured (see in particular Table 2 of patent document).
- compositions consisting of a mixture of PEEK, polyetherimide and polysiloxane/polyetherimide block copolymer are also known from EP 0 323 142 A1.
- compositions consisting of a mixture of PEEK and: i) copolymer composed of repeating units derived from tetrafluoroethylene and propylene or ii) copolymer composed of repeating units derived from hexafluoropropylene and vinylidene.
- compositions consisting of a mixture of PEKK, of a copolymer with polysiloxane/polyetherimide blocks and of a polysiloxane are known.
- the patent document provides for the use of this composition in powder form, no embodiment has been detailed. It is only stated that such a powder can be obtained by a standard grinding process.
- the existing grinding processes which already prove to be complex to implement for pure polyaryletherketone compositions, prove in fact impossible to implement for more ductile compositions.
- the methods commonly used to manufacture powders based on polyaryletherketone(s) are grinding methods which all have the point common to make the material to be ground brittle enough to be ground.
- none of the aforementioned grinding methods is suitable for providing fine powders, that is to say in particular powders having a distribution of particle sizes, weighted by volume, with a median diameter strictly less than 500 . m, from ductile compositions based on polyaryletherketone(s).
- An example of a method which is particularly detailed below in the present application, is a method for constructing layer-to-layer objects by sintering caused by electromagnetic radiation(s).
- Other examples of processes requiring a powder composition are the coating, for example of metals, from powder, powder compression molding or powder compression-transfer molding.
- the aim of the invention is to propose a process for obtaining a fine powder of ductile composition based on polyaryletherketone(s), as well as the powder as such, the latter having never been able to be implemented in prior art.
- the invention also aims, at least according to certain embodiments, to provide a powder and its method of manufacture, the powder being suitable for use in a method of constructing layer-to-layer objects by sintering caused by electromagnetic radiation(s).
- the invention also aims, at least according to certain embodiments, to provide a powder and its method of manufacture, the powder being suitable for use in a method of coating from a powder, compression molding of powder or powder compression-transfer molding.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a powder having a high density.
- the invention also aims, at least according to certain embodiments, to provide a powder having good flowability.
- the invention also aims, at least according to certain embodiments, to provide an at least partially crystallized powder.
- the object of the invention is to provide an object having better ductility and/or better impact resistance, compared to objects obtained from unformulated polyaryletherketone(s), in particular from polyaryletherketone(s). alone(s).
- the invention relates to a powder comprising particles consisting of a composition comprising at least one polyaryletherketone and at least one flexible thermoplastic polymer not being a polyaryletherketone.
- the elastic modulus of said at least one flexible thermoplastic polymer is at least twice lower than that of said at least one polyaryletherketone, as measured according to standard ISO 527-2: 2012, at 23° C., on a type 1 BA specimen obtained by injection-moulding, with a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min.
- Said polyaryletherketone forming a matrix in which said flexible thermoplastic polymer is dispersed.
- the particles consisting of the composition described above have a volume-weighted particle size distribution, as measured by laser diffraction, according to standard ISO 13320:2009, with a median diameter d50 strictly less than 500 ⁇ m, and preferably less than or equal to 300 pm.
- the inventors have, unexpectedly, succeeded in manufacturing a powder comprising particles of a composition in which at least one flexible thermoplastic polymer is dispersed in a matrix comprising at least one polyaryletherketone, which had never been possible previously by the various grinding techniques usually used.
- melt spraying process could be implemented without particular difficulty with a mixture of polymers to obtain particles consisting of a dispersion of one polymer in the other.
- the flexible thermoplastic polymer can have an elastic modulus less than or equal to 1.5 GPa, as measured at 23° C. according to ISO 527-1:2019, on a type 1 BA test specimen obtained by injection-moulding.
- the flexible thermoplastic polymer(s) may be chosen from the list consisting of: a linear polyene, a polysiloxane, a polysiloxane block copolymer, a fluorinated elastomer comprising at least one repeating unit derived from: tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, vinylidene fluoride and chlorotrifluoroethylene, and the mixture of these polymers.
- the sequenced copolymer with polysiloxane blocks can in particular be a copolymer in which the polysiloxane blocks are mono- or di-substituted by preferentially C1 to C12 alkyl groups, and/or phenyl groups substituted or not by one or more functional groups; and the blocks of units different from the polysiloxanes can preferably be polyetherimide, polyaryletherketone, polyarylethersulfone, poly(phenylene sulphide), polyarylamideimide, polyphenylene, polybenzimidazole and/or polycarbonate blocks.
- the flexible thermoplastic polymer(s) may (may) represent in total from 5% to 40%, and preferably from 7% to 25%, by weight relative to the total weight of flexible thermoplastic polymer(s) and polyaryletherketone(s) of the composition.
- the total weight of polyaryletherketone(s) and flexible thermoplastic polymer(s) may represent at least 85%, or at least 90%, or at least 92.5%, or at least 95 %, or at least 97.5%, or at least 98%, or at least 98.5%, or at least 99% or at least 99.5%, or 100%, relative to the total weight of composition.
- the composition may consist of: a polyaryletherketone, a flexible thermoplastic polymer, optionally a polymer other than the polyaryletherketone and the flexible thermoplastic polymer miscible with the polyaryletherketone, and optionally one or more functional additives.
- the particles of the powder may have a volume-weighted particle size distribution, as measured by laser diffraction, according to the ISO 13320:2009 standard, with a median diameter d50 ranging from 40 to 140 micrometers, preferably ranging from from 50 to 120 micrometers, and more preferably ranging from 60 to 110 micrometers.
- the powder may have a particularly advantageous packed density and/or flowability.
- the powder in particular when the method is implemented without an additional heat treatment step, may be in amorphous form.
- the powder in particular when the method is implemented with at least one heat treatment step, the powder may be in crystallized form.
- It may in particular have a degree of crystallinity greater than or equal to 10%, and preferably greater than or equal to 15%, and more preferably greater than or equal to 15%, by weight relative to the total weight of polymers in the composition, as measured by X-ray diffraction.
- said at least one polyaryletherketone is a polyetherketoneketone, preferably essentially consisting of, and more preferably consisting of: a terephthalic unit and, where appropriate, an isophthalic unit, the terephthalic unit (T) having the formula chemical: the isophthalic unit (I) having the chemical formula: with a T:l molar ratio ranging from 0:100 to 85:15.
- the invention also relates to the use of such a powder in a process for constructing layer-to-layer objects by sintering caused by electromagnetic radiation, in a process for coating from powder, molding by powder compression or powder compression-transfer molding.
- the invention finally relates to an object based on polyaryletherketone(s) obtained by one of the aforementioned manufacturing processes, that is to say processes requiring the use of material in powder form.
- the invention relates in particular to an object obtained from a process for constructing layer-to-layer objects by sintering caused by electromagnetic radiation.
- the object according to the invention has mechanical properties which could not be obtained before, those skilled in the art not having been able to implement to date a powder comprising at least one flexible thermoplastic polymer dispersed in a matrix of polyaryletherketone(s).
- the object may have an elastic modulus strictly less than 4 GPa, as measured on a type 1 BA test piece at 23° C. according to standard ISO 527-1:2019.
- the object may have a Charpy impact strength greater than or equal to 5 kJ/m 2 , preferentially greater than or equal to 6 kJ/m 2 , preferentially greater than or equal to 7 kJ/m 2 , preferentially greater or equal to 8 kJ/m 2 , and extremely preferably greater than or equal to 9 kJ/m 2 , for a type A notched bar according to standard ISO 179:2010.
- Figure 1 schematically represents a device making it possible to implement a method for constructing a three-dimensional object layer-by-layer by sintering in which the powder according to the invention can be used.
- Figure 2 schematically represents a melt spray device.
- thermoplastic polymer is understood to denote a polymer which becomes less viscous, or more liquid, or liquid when it is sufficiently heated and which reversibly retains its thermoplasticity.
- Thermoplastic polymers are generally contrasted with thermosetting polymers which are transformed irreversibly into an insoluble and non-heat-formable polymer network.
- homopolymer is understood to denote a polymer consisting of a single repeating unit.
- copolymer is understood to denote a polymer resulting from the copolymerization of at least two types of chemically different monomers, called comonomers.
- a copolymer is therefore formed from at least two repeating units derived from different monomers. It can also be formed from three or more repeating units derived from different monomers.
- the copolymer can be of homogeneous structure, in particular of the random, alternating or random type, or of heterogeneous structure, in particular of the block type.
- block copolymer or “block copolymer” is understood to denote copolymers in the aforementioned sense, in which at least two distinct homopolymer blocks are covalently bonded.
- the length of the blocks can be variable.
- Blocks can be composed of 1 to 1000, preferably 1 to 100, and especially 1 to 50 repeat units, respectively.
- the link between the two blocks of homopolymers can be: a single covalent bond or an intermediate non-repetitive unit called a junction block.
- unit(s) means that the unit(s) represent(s) a molar proportion of 95% to 99.9% relative to the total number of moles of the repeating units in the polymer.
- unit(s) means that the unit(s) represent(s) a molar proportion of at least 99.9%, in particular 100%, in the polymer with respect to the number of total moles of repeating units in the polymer.
- blend of polymers is understood to denote a composition of macroscopically homogeneous polymers.
- the term encompasses in particular such compositions composed of phases which are immiscible with each other and dispersed on a micrometric or submicron scale.
- the term “dispersion” is understood to denote a composition comprising several phases.
- the polyaryletherketone forms the continuous phase, or matrix
- the flexible thermoplastic polymer the dispersed phase, generally in the form of nodules.
- the nodules preferably have an average size less than or equal to 5 micrometers and more preferably still less than or equal to 2 micrometers.
- the size of the flexible thermoplastic polymer nodules within the composition, in particular within the matrix based on polyaryletherketone(s) is evaluated by microscopic analysis and digital processing of a cross section of an object that can be manufactured by a process using powder, in particular a process for constructing layer-to-layer objects by sintering caused by electromagnetic radiation(s). A scanning electron microscope (SEM) can be used. The image obtained can be binarized, which makes it possible to determine the average size and the maximum size of the nodules.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- melting temperature means the temperature at which an at least partially crystalline polymer changes to the viscous liquid state, as measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) according to standard NF EN ISO 11 357-3: 2018 in second heating, using a heating rate of 20°C/min.
- glass transition temperature is understood to denote the temperature at which an at least partially amorphous polymer changes from a rubbery state to a glassy state, or vice versa, as measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) according to the standard NF EN ISO 11 357- 2:2020 in second heating, using a heating rate of 20°C/min.
- crystallinity rate means the crystallinity rate as calculated from wide-angle X-ray scattering measurements (WAXS), on a Nano-inXider® type device with the following conditions:
- a spectrum of the scattered intensity as a function of the diffraction angle is thus obtained.
- This spectrum makes it possible to identify the presence of crystals, when peaks are visible on the spectrum in addition to the amorphous halo.
- the proportion (mass) in crystalline phase is estimated by the ratio (A)/(A+AH).
- the crystallinity levels in the present invention are expressed as a mass proportion of crystalline polymer(s) relative to the total weight of polymers of the composition.
- amorphous is understood to mean that the composition has a degree of crystallinity of 7% or less, preferably of 5% or less, and extremely preferably of 3% or less. According to certain embodiments, the “amorphous” composition can have a crystallinity rate of approximately 0%.
- crystallinity is understood to mean the viscosity as measured at 380° C. and at 1 Hz under an inert atmosphere (N2), by means of an oscillatory rheometer “Anton Paar, MCR 302”, in plane/plane geometry.
- the elastic modulus is here expressed in gigapascals (GPa).
- the slope is preferably measured by a linear regression method.
- the elastic modulus is here determined by a mechanical tensile stress, it would not be departing from the invention if the measurement were made from other types of stress, for example in bending or in compression.
- the elastic modules are often available on the supplier's product sheets.
- measurements of elastic modulus in tension can be implemented at 23°C, on a type 1 BA specimen with a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min.
- the effective measurement of the elastic modulus corresponds to the average of five tests carried out consecutively. These tests can for example be implemented using an MTS 810® device, marketed by the company MTS Systems Corporation, equipped with a mechanical extensometer.
- the type 1 BA specimens are manufactured by injection-molding according to the standard ASTM D3641-15.
- the injection/molding conditions are chosen according to one of the following criteria to be considered in the order indicated: conditions imposed by a standard related to the material, indications given by the supplier, or failing that, the best available information concerning the polymer or a related polymer.
- type 1 BA specimens are manufactured using said process.
- type 1 BA specimens can be manufactured by a process of building objects layer-by-layer by sintering caused by electromagnetic radiation(s).
- binder means a fractionated state of matter, generally in the form of very small particles, generally of the order of a hundred micrometers or less.
- binder means a composition which is as a whole in the form of a powder.
- the particle size distribution can be measured by laser diffraction according to the ISO 13320:2009 standard, for example on a Malvern Mastersizer 2000® diffractometer.
- the rules for representing the results of a particle size distribution are given by the ISO 9276-parts 1 to 6 standard.
- particle diameters, weighted by volume equal to 50%.
- d10 and d90 respectively mean the corresponding diameters so that the cumulative function of the diameters of the particles, weighted by volume, is equal to 10%, and respectively, to 90%.
- Powder density means the powder density value measured according to the ISO 1068:1975 standard. It can be measured on a STAV 2003 settling volumenometer equipped with a 250ml test tube after 2500 pulses. It is expressed in kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m 3 ).
- flowability is understood to denote the ability of a powder to flow freely in a regular and constant manner in the form of individual particles.
- the flowability is here measured according to the so-called “A” method of the ISO 6186:1998 standard, with a funnel having an opening with a diameter equal to 25 mm, through which the pulverulent composition can flow. No agents antistatic is not otherwise added to the composition. Castability is measured in seconds (s).
- Charpy impact strength means the impact strength of bars of dimension 80*10*4 mm 3 type A notched, as measured according to standard ISO 179: 2010. The effective measurement corresponds to the average of 3 tests carried out consecutively.
- a notch V-shaped with a notch bottom radius of 0.25 +/- 0.05 mm
- Automatic Notchvis Plus marketed by the company Ceast. The bars are then left to rest for 24 hours. Impact resistance measurement can be performed on a Zwick 5102 impact testing machine.
- composition constituents such as the polyaryletherketone or the flexible thermoplastic polymer, or to a property of these constituents, signify by default “at least one” and “said at least one” respectively.
- the singular forms nevertheless include, without it being necessary to recall it each time, the embodiments where "one” means “only one” and “the” means “the only one”.
- a polyaryletherketone comprises the units of the following formulas: (-Ar-X-) and (-An-Y-), in which:
- - Ar and An can be chosen, preferably, from 1,3-phenylene, 1,4-phenylene, divalent 1,1'-biphenylene in 3,3' positions, divalent 1,1'-biphenyl in positions 3,4', 1,4-naphthylene, 1,5-naphthylene and 2,6-naphthylene;
- - X denotes an electron-withdrawing group; it can be chosen, preferably, from the carbonyl group and the sulfonyl group, - Y denotes a group chosen from an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, an alkylene group, such as -(CH)2- and isopropylidene.
- At least 50%, preferably at least 70% and more particularly, at least 80% of the X groups are a carbonyl group, and at least 50%, preferably at least 70% and more particularly at least 80% of the Y groups represent an oxygen atom.
- 100% of the X groups denote a carbonyl group and 100% of the Y groups represent an oxygen atom.
- the PAEK(s) can be chosen from:
- PEKK a poly-ether-ketone-ketone, also called PEKK;
- a PEKK comprises unit(s) of formula: -Ph-O-Ph-C(O)-Ph-C(O)-;
- a poly-ether-ether-ketone also called PEEK
- a PEEK comprises unit(s) of formula: -Ph-O-Ph-O-Ph-C(O)-;
- a PEK comprises unit(s) of formula: -Ph-O-Ph-C(O)-;
- a PEEKK comprises unit(s) of formula: -Ph-O-Ph-O-Ph-C(O)-Ph-C(O)-;
- PEEEK a poly-ether-ether-ether-ketone, also called PEEEK;
- a PEEEK comprises unit(s) of formula: -Ph-O-Ph-O-Ph-O-Ph-C(O)-;
- a PEDEK comprises unit(s) of formula: a PEDEK comprises unit(s) of formula -Ph-O-Ph-Ph-O-Ph-C(O)-;
- Ph represents a phenylene group and -C(O)- a carbonyl group, each of the phenylenes being able independently to be of ortho type (1 -2), meta (1 -3 ) or para (1 -4), preferably being of the meta or para type.
- the polyaryletherketone is a copolymer
- the latter has a homogeneous structure, in particular of the random type.
- the PAEK is a polyetherketoneketone essentially consisting of, and preferably consisting of: a terephthalic repeating unit and, where appropriate, an isophthalic repeating unit, the terephthalic repeating unit (“T unit”) having as formula : the isophthalic unit (“unit I”) having the formula:
- the mass proportion of T units relative to the sum of the T and I units can vary from 0% to 85%.
- the mass proportion of T units with respect to the sum of the T and I units may in particular be from 0% to 5%; or 5 to 10%; or 10 to 15%; or 15 to 20%; or 15 to 20%; or 20 to 25%; or 25 to 30%; or 30 to 35%; or 35 to 40%; or 40 to 45%; or 45 to 50%; or 50 to 55%; or 55 to 60%; or 60 to 65%; or from 65 to 70%, or from 70 to 75%, or from 75% to 80%, or from 80% to 85%.
- T units in relation to the sum of the T and I units are one of the factors which makes it possible to adjust the crystallization rate properties of poly-ether-ketone-ketones.
- a given molar proportion of T units relative to the sum of the T and I units can be obtained by adjusting the respective concentrations of the reactants during the polymerization, in a manner known per se.
- the mass proportion of T units relative to the sum of the T and I units is preferably from 0% to 25 % or 45% to 75%, and more preferably 0% to 15% or 55% to 65%.
- the mass proportion of units T by relative to the sum of the T and I units may in particular be approximately 0% or approximately 60%.
- Such polyaryletherketones are commercially available under the name Kepstan® from Arkema.
- the PAEK can be a homopolymer essentially consisting, or even consisting, of a repeating unit having the formula:
- Such polyaryletherketones are commercially available under the name KetaSpire® from the company Solvay, under the name VestaKeep® from the company Evonik and PEEK Victrex® from the company Victrex.
- the PAEK may be a copolymer essentially consisting, or even consisting, of a repeating unit having the formula (III) and a repeating unit having the formula:
- the molar proportion of unit (III) relative to the sum of units (III) and (IV) can range from 0% to 99%, preferably from 0% to 95%.
- the PAEK may be a copolymer essentially consisting, or even consisting, of a repeating unit having the formula (III) and a repeating unit having the formula:
- the molar proportion of unit (III) relative to the sum of units (III) and (V) can range from 0% to 99%, preferably from 0% to 95%.
- the melting point of PAEK is preferably above 280°C, and very particularly above 300°C.
- the glass transition temperature of PAEK is preferably between 100 and 250°C, preferably between 120 and 200°C, and very particularly between 140 and 180°C.
- the PAEK has a viscosity, measured at 380° C. and 1 Hz, greater than 100 Pa s, preferably greater than 200 Pa s and even more preferably greater than 300 Pa s.
- the viscosity of PAEK is usually not more than 1500 Pa.s.
- the viscosity of the PAEK can in particular be from 300 Pa s to 600 Pa s, or from 600 Pa s to 800 Pa s, or from 800 Pa s to 1000 Pa s, or from 1000 Pa s to 1200 Pa s, or from 1200 Pa s at 1500 Pa s.
- the composition comprises at least two PAEKs.
- the composition may in particular comprise a copolymer consisting essentially of units consisting essentially of, or consisting of repeating units of formulas (I) and (II), or (III) and (IV) or even (III) and (V) which represents more than 50%, preferably more than 60%, in particular more than 70%, more preferably more than 80% and in particular more than 90% by weight of the polyaryletherketone component, limit included.
- the remaining 10 to 50% by weight can be made up of other polymers belonging to the PAEK family, for example the homopolymer made up of the repeating unit (III).
- the composition comprises a single type of PAEK.
- Thermoplastic polymer providing ductility to the composition
- thermoplastic polymer providing ductility to the composition is not a polyaryletherketone. It has an elastic modulus twice lower than that of polyaryletherketone. According to preferred embodiments, the elastic modulus of the flexible thermoplastic polymer can be less than or equal to 1.5 GPa. The low value of the elastic modulus has no limit other than that imposed by the very chemical nature of the thermoplastic polymer used. For thermoplastic polymers currently available on the market, the elastic modulus value is generally not less than 10 MPa.
- the elastic modulus of the flexible thermoplastic polymer can be less than or equal to 1 GPa, or even less than or equal to 750 MPa.
- the elastic modulus of the flexible thermoplastic polymer can be greater than or equal to 50 MPa, or even less than or equal to 250 MPa.
- the elastic modulus of the flexible thermoplastic polymer can be from 50 MPa to 1000 MPa, or from 250 MPa to 750 MPa.
- the flexible thermoplastic polymer can be chosen from the list consisting of: a linear polyene, a polysiloxane, a polysiloxane block copolymer, a fluorinated elastomer comprising at least one repeating unit derived from tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, fluoride of vinylidene and chlorotrifluoroethylene, and their mixture.
- said at least one flexible thermoplastic polymer may represent from 5% to 45% by weight relative to the total weight of said flexible thermoplastic polymer(s) and polyaryletherketone(s) of the composition.
- Said at least one flexible thermoplastic polymer may in particular represent from 5% to 10%, or from 10% to 15%, or from 15% to 20%, or from 20% to 25%, or from 25% to 30%, or from 30% to 35%, or from 35% to 40%, or from 40% to 45% by weight relative to the total weight of said flexible thermoplastic polymer(s) and polyaryletherketone(s) of the composition .
- said at least one thermoplastic polymer can represent from 7% to 25% by weight relative to the total weight said flexible thermoplastic polymer(s) and polyaryletherketone(s) of the composition.
- the viscosity at 380° C. and at 1 Hz of the polyaryletherketone and that of the flexible thermoplastic polymer are sufficiently close so as to facilitate the dispersion of the flexible thermoplastic polymer in the polyaryletherketone matrix.
- the maximum viscosity ratio between the polyaryletherketone and the flexible thermoplastic polymer is from 0.3 to 3. Preferably, this ratio is greater than or equal to 0.5. It may in particular be greater than or equal to 0.7.
- this ratio is less than or equal to 2. It may in particular be less than or equal to 1.5.
- the flexible thermoplastic polymer can be a linear polyene. It is preferably chosen from the list consisting of: poly(3-methyloctenylene), poly(3-methyldecenylene), or a copolymer consisting essentially, or consisting, of a repeating unit having the chemical formula:
- linear polyene can in particular be chosen from the list consisting of polypentenylene, polyhexenylene, polyheptenylene, polyoctenylene, polynonenylene, polydecenylene, polyundecenylene, polydodecenylene, or their mixture. According to particular embodiments, the linear polyene is a polyoctenylene.
- the linear polyene can represent from 5% to 45% by weight relative to the total weight of said flexible thermoplastic polymer(s) and polyaryletherketone(s) of the composition.
- the linear polyene may in particular represent 25% or less, preferably 15% or less by weight relative to the total weight of said flexible thermoplastic polymer(s) and polyaryletherketone(s) of the composition.
- the linear polyene is the only flexible thermoplastic polymer, it may in particular represent from 5% to 15% by weight relative to the total weight of said flexible thermoplastic polymer(s) and polyaryletherketone(s). ) of the composition.
- the flexible thermoplastic polymer can be a fluorinated elastomer comprising at least one repeating unit derived from tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), hexafluoropropylene (HFP), vinylidene fluoride (VDF) and chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE).
- TFE tetrafluoroethylene
- HFP hexafluoropropylene
- VDF vinylidene fluoride
- CTFE chlorotrifluoroethylene
- the fluorinated elastomer may be a copolymer essentially consisting of, or consisting of, repeating units derived from HFP and VDF or else a copolymer essentially consisting of, or consisting of a repeating unit derived from TFE and at least one repeating unit derived from propylene, HFP or even a perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether).
- the fluorinated elastomer may essentially consist of, and preferably consist of: a repeating unit derived from TFE and a repeating unit derived from the monomer of chemical formula:
- CF 2 CF-R (VII), in which R represents: a CFs group or an ORi group, in which Ri is a C1-5 perfluoroalkyl.
- the compound of formula (VII) can be chosen from the group consisting of hexafluoropropylene, perfluoro (methyl vinyl ether), perfluoro (ethyl vinyl ether), and perfluoro (propyl vinyl ether). More preferably, the compound of formula (VII) may be selected from the group consisting of hexafluoropropylene and perfluoro (propyl vinyl ether).
- the units derived from TFE can represent from 80% to 99.5% mol with respect to the total number of moles of units derived from TFE and from the monomer of formula (VII).
- the repeating unit derived from TFE may in particular represent more than 85 mol%, or more than 87 mol%, or more than 93 mol% relative to the total number of moles of units derived from TFE and from the monomer of formula (VII) .
- the flexible thermoplastic polymer is a copolymer consisting essentially, or consisting, of repeating units derived from TFE and from HFP comprising from 7% to 15% mol of TFE relative to the total number of moles of the units from TFE and HFP.
- fluoropolymers commercially available are the polymers of the NEOFLONTM FEP range marketed by the company DAIKIN, or of the Teflon® FEP range marketed by the company Dupont, or else of the 3MTM DyneonTM Fluoroplastic FEP range marketed by the 3M company.
- the fluorinated elastomer can represent from 10% to 40%, and preferably from 15% to 25% by weight relative to the total weight of said flexible thermoplastic polymer(s) and polyaryletherketone(s) of the composition.
- thermoplastic polymer may be a polysiloxane block copolymer.
- the polysiloxane blocks can be mono- or di-substituted by C1 to C12 alkyl groups, preferably by C1 to C6, and very particularly by C1 to C4 and/or phenyl groups.
- the alkyl groups are methyl groups.
- the polysiloxane units present in the polysiloxane block copolymer are poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) units.
- the alkyl or phenyl groups of the polysiloxane block can also be substituted by one or more functional groups such as epoxy, alkoxy, in particular methoxy, amine, ketone, thioether, halogen, nitrile, nitro, sulfone, phosphoryl, imino or thioester. These functional groups can also be located at the end of the polysiloxane block block copolymer chain. Preferably however, the polysiloxane block has no functional groups. Furthermore, the alkyl or phenyl groups of the polysiloxane block can be substituted by one or more carbocyclic, aryl, heteroaryl, alkyl, alkenyl, bicyclic or tricyclic groups.
- the sequenced copolymer with polysiloxane blocks also comprises blocks of different units from the polysiloxanes. They may in particular be polyetherimide, poly(aryletherketone), poly(arylethersulfone), poly(phenylene sulfide), poly(arylamideimide), poly(phenylene), poly(benzimidazole) and/or polycarbonate blocks.
- the polysiloxane block block copolymer further comprises polyaryletherketone or polyetherimide blocks.
- the advantage of these blocks is that they are highly compatible with the polyaryletherketone(s) of the composition and therefore allow the incorporation of a high quantity of flexible thermoplastic polymer into the composition.
- the polyaryletherketone blocks can be chosen from the same list as that of the polyaryletherketones used as a constituent of the composition. According to advantageous embodiments, the polyaryletherketone blocks may have the same chemical composition as that of the polyaryletherketones used as constituent of the composition.
- the polyetherimide blocks comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of a repeating unit having the chemical formula: in which A represents: -O- or a group of Formula -OZO-, where the divalent groups -O- and -OZO- are in position 3,3', 3,4' or 4,4' of the benzene radicals to which they are linked, and where Z can be chosen from the list consisting of: wherein Q is a divalent group selected from the group consisting of: -O-, -S-, -C(O)-, -SO2-, -SO-, -C y H2y- (y being an integer between 0 and 20) and halogenated derivatives thereof; in which B represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms or one of its halogenated derivatives, a linear or branched chain alkylene having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a cycloalkylene having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, or a divalent group of
- the polysiloxane block copolymer may have a siloxane content of 10 to 70 wt%, preferably 15 to 60 wt%, and more preferably 20 to 50 wt% based on the weight of the copolymer.
- the polysiloxane block block copolymer can represent from 5% to 20%, and preferably from 7% to 15% by weight relative to the total weight of said at least one thermoplastic and at least one polyaryletherketone of the composition.
- Such polysiloxane block copolymers are commercially available.
- the Sabic company sells PEI-PDMS block copolymers under the name of Siltem®.
- the company Idemitsu Kosan sells a polycarbonate-PDMS copolymer under the name of Tarflon® Neo.
- the flexible thermoplastic polymer can be a polysiloxane.
- the polysiloxane may be mono- or di-substituted with C1-C12, preferably C1-C6, and most preferably C1-C4 alkyl groups, and/or phenyl groups.
- the alkyl groups are methyl groups.
- the alkyl or phenyl groups of the polysiloxane can be substituted by one or more functional groups such as epoxy, alkoxy, in particular methoxy, amine, ketone, thioether, halogen, nitrile, nitro, sulfone, phosphoryl, imino or thioester.
- the polysiloxane does not contain functional groups.
- the alkyl or phenyl groups of the polysiloxane can be substituted by one or more carbocyclic, aryl, heteroaryl, alkyl, alkenyl, bicyclic or tricyclic groups.
- the polysiloxane can be a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS).
- PDMS poly(dimethylsiloxane)
- the polysiloxane can represent from 1% to 25% by weight relative to the total weight of said flexible thermoplastic polymer(s) and polyaryletherketone(s) of the composition.
- the polysiloxane can represent 2% or more, or 3% or more, or 4% or more, or 5% or more by weight relative to the total weight of said flexible thermoplastic polymer(s). s) and polyaryletherketone(s) of the composition. Since the polysiloxane has very low compatibility with polyaryletherketones, it may represent 20% or less, preferably 15% or less and more preferably 13% or less by weight relative to the total weight of said flexible thermoplastic polymer(s). s) and polyaryletherketone(s) of the composition.
- said at least one flexible thermoplastic polymer of the composition is a mixture of a block copolymer with polysiloxane blocks, in particular a block copolymer further comprising polyaryletherketone or polyetherimide blocks, and of a polysiloxane.
- the composition may comprise at least 85%, or at least 90%, or at least 92.5%, or at least 95%, or at least 97.5%, or at least 98%, or at least 98.5 %, or at least 99% or at least 99.5%, or 100% by total weight of polyaryletherketone(s) and flexible thermoplastic polymer(s).
- the composition preferably does not comprise any reinforcing filler, and in particular no fibres. Indeed, the reinforcing fillers generally have the effect of making the material less ductile.
- the composition may comprise, in addition to the polyaryletherketone and the flexible thermoplastic polymer, another polymer miscible with the polyaryletherketone.
- This other polymer miscible with polyaryletherketone is therefore integrated into the matrix in which the flexible thermoplastic polymer is dispersed. In other words, it does not form nodules additional to the nodules of flexible thermoplastic polymer(s).
- composition may also optionally comprise minor amounts, in particular less than 5% by weight relative to the weight of the composition, of functional additives. Mention may be made as such, for example, of antioxidants, stabilizers in the molten state and/or in the solid state, conductive and/or antistatic agents, flame retardants, dyes as well as reactive agents such as carbonates alkaline.
- the composition may consist of: a polyaryletherketone, a flexible thermoplastic polymer, optionally a polymer other than the polyaryletherketone and the flexible thermoplastic polymer miscible with the polyaryletherketone, and optionally one or more functional additives.
- the composition may consist of polyaryletherketone(s) and flexible thermoplastic polymer(s). It may in particular consist of a single polyaryletherketone and a single flexible thermoplastic polymer.
- the powder according to the invention comprises particles of composition, several embodiments of which have been described above.
- the powder does not include other particles of different chemical composition.
- the powder therefore preferably consists of a composition as described above comprising at least one polyaryletherketone and at least one flexible thermoplastic polymer.
- the particles can have a volume-weighted particle size distribution, as measured by laser diffraction, according to ISO 13320:2009, with a median diameter d50 ranging from 40 to 140 micrometers.
- the median diameter d50 can be from 50 to 120 micrometers. Even more preferably, the median diameter d50 can be from 60 to 110 micrometers.
- d10 can be greater than or equal to 15 micrometers, or greater than or equal to 30 micrometers.
- d90 can be less than or equal to 300, and preferably less than or equal to 240 micrometers.
- the value of d90 can according to certain embodiments be less than or equal to 180 micrometers.
- the particle size distribution of the powder can be such that: d10>15 pm, 60 pm ⁇ d50 ⁇ 110 pm, and d90 ⁇ 240 pm.
- the particle size distribution of the powder can be such that: d10>30 ⁇ m , 80 ⁇ m ⁇ d50 ⁇ 100 ⁇ m, and d90 ⁇ 180 ⁇ m.
- the powder does not include a flow agent.
- it can exhibit a flowability of less than or equal to 10 seconds, preferably less than or equal to 7 seconds, and extremely preferably less than or equal to 5 seconds.
- the powder has a packed density greater than or equal to 500 kg/m 3 .
- Such powders used in object manufacturing processes have a density which approaches the desired density for the objects to be manufactured. This allows less air from the powder to be evacuate during the manufacturing process of an object, and therefore to obtain more easily objects having a low porosity.
- the powder is an amorphous powder.
- the powder is crystallized, at least in part.
- the powder may in particular have a degree of crystallinity greater than or equal to 10%, preferably greater than or equal to 15%, and more preferably greater than or equal to 18%, by weight relative to the total weight of polymers, as measured by X-ray diffraction.
- the powders according to the invention can be used in many applications, including the applications listed non-exhaustively below.
- the device 1 for laser sintering comprises a sintering enclosure 10 in which are arranged a supply tray 40 containing a powder to be sintered, a horizontal plate 30 making it possible to support the three-dimensional object 80 under construction and a laser 20.
- the powder is taken from the supply tray 40 and deposited on the horizontal plate 30, forming a thin layer 50 of powder constituting the three-dimensional object 80 under construction.
- a roller compactor/scraper (not shown) makes it possible to ensure good uniformity of the layer of powder 50.
- the layer of powder 50 under construction, is heated using infrared radiation 100 to reach a temperature that is substantially uniform and equal at a predetermined construction temperature Te.
- Te is generally about 20°C lower than the melting temperature of the powder, as measured by DSC in the first heating with a temperature ramp equal to 20°C/min. In some cases you may even be lower.
- the energy required to sinter the powder particles at different points of the powder layer 50 is then supplied by laser radiation 200 from the laser 20 moving in the (xy) plane, according to a geometry corresponding to that of the object.
- the molten powder re-solidifies forming a sintered portion 55 while the rest of the layer 50 remains as unsintered powder 56.
- the horizontal plate 30 is lowered along the axis (z) by a distance corresponding to the thickness of a layer of powder, and a new layer is deposited.
- the laser 20 provides the energy needed to sinter the powder particles according to a geometry corresponding to this new slice of the object and so on. The procedure is repeated until the object 80 has been manufactured. Once the object 80 is finished, it is removed from the horizontal plate 30 and the unsintered powder 56 can be sieved before being returned, if necessary, in the supply tray 40 to serve as recycled powder.
- the powders according to the invention can also be used in surface coating processes, in particular metal surfaces. Different processes can be used to obtain a coating on a metal part. Mention may be made of dipping in the fluidized bed for which the metal part is heated and then dipped in the fluidized powder bed. It is also possible to carry out a so-called electrostatic powder coating (powdered powder on a metal part connected to the ground), in this case a post heat treatment is carried out to produce the coating. An alternative is to carry out the powder coating on a previously heated part, which makes it possible to eliminate the heat treatment after powder coating. Finally, it is possible to carry out a flame powder coating, in this case the powder is sprayed molten on a possibly preheated metal part.
- the powders according to the invention can also be used in powder compression processes. These processes are generally used to produce thick parts. In these processes, the powder is first loaded into a mold, then compacted and finally melted to produce the part. Finally, a adapted cooling, often quite slow, is carried out in order to limit the presence of internal stresses in the part.
- the objects obtained by these processes have properties that could not be obtained until then due to the impossibility of manufacturing powders comprising at least one flexible thermoplastic polymer dispersed in a matrix of PAEK(s).
- An object obtained by one of the aforementioned processes may in particular have an elastic modulus strictly less than 4 GPa, as measured on a type 1 BA specimen at 23°C according to ISO 527-1:2019.
- An object obtained by one of the aforementioned processes can have a Charpy impact resistance greater than or equal to 5 kJ/m 2 , preferably greater than or equal to 6 kJ/m 2 , preferably greater than or equal to 7 kJ/m 2 , preferably greater than or equal to 8 kJ/m 2 , and extremely preferably greater than or equal to 9 kJ/m 2 , on a type “A” notched bar according to ISO 179:2010.
- a process for manufacturing a powder according to the invention comprises:
- melt spraying and cooling steps are known per se for a composition being a pure polymer. They allow to obtain of a micropowder of said polymer. Such a process has for example been described in patent application EP0945173.
- the device 2 for spraying in the molten state comprises means 3 for supplying a composition in the molten state to spray nozzles 4 arranged in the upper part of the device.
- the spray nozzles 4 spray the composition in the molten state in the form of fine jets which, while falling, separate into micro-droplets 5.
- the droplets in the molten state are cooled during their fall so as to solidify.
- a cryogas for example liquid nitrogen or liquid carbon dioxide, can be blown in gaseous form inside the device using power supplies. 6 arranged on the side walls of the device. A solid micropowder 7 is thus obtained in the lower part of the device.
- the melt blend can be obtained by any method known in the art.
- the composition can for example be supplied in the form of granules of PAEK in which the flexible thermoplastic polymer has been dispersed.
- each component can be supplied separately and the melt composition can be fabricated in-situ by any known melt mixing device suitable for the preparation of thermoplastics.
- Suitable melt-mixing apparatus are, for example, kneaders, Banbury mixers, single-screw extruders and twin-screw extruders.
- the powder obtained by the spraying process is generally amorphous or quasi-amorphous due to the very rapid cooling of the droplets of molten composition.
- the amorphous powder can, if necessary, undergo one or more heat treatment steps.
- a (first) heat treatment step can be implemented above the glass transition temperature Tg and below the melting temperature of the polyaryletherketone of the composition so as to cause crystallization of the composition.
- a second heat treatment can be implemented so as to standardize the crystalline phases of the composition.
- Such a heat-treated powder is in particular suitable for use in a method for constructing layer-to-layer objects by sintering caused by electromagnetic radiation(s).
- the heat treatment can be carried out at a temperature of 160° C. to 300° C., preferably from 180° C. to 290° C., and more preferably from 190°C to 250°C for a time sufficient to obtain the desired crystallinity.
- PEKK can crystallize in two crystalline forms, called “form I” and “form II”.
- a second heat treatment can advantageously be implemented so as to obtain a powder essentially containing form I PEKK crystals.
- the temperature of the second heat treatment may in particular be from 230° C. to 300° C., and preferably from 260° C. to 295° C. °C.
- the temperature of the second heat treatment may in particular be from 275°C to 290°C.
- the temperature of the second heat treatment is generally higher than that of the first heat treatment.
- a first heat treatment can in particular be implemented at a temperature of 160° C to 250°C and a second heat treatment at a temperature of 260°C to 300°C.
- - KEPSTAN® of grade 6000 marketed by the company ARKEMA, is a polyetherketoneketone having a molar ratio T/l 60/40. This PEKK has a viscosity of 900 Pa.s at 380° C. and 1 Hz.
- Five 1 BA specimens were prepared by injection on a Battenfeld press using the following parameters: feed 330° C.; Nozzle: 345°C; Mold 80°C. Under these molding conditions, the specimens were obtained in essentially amorphous form. The tensile modulus of elasticity was measured at 2.9 GPa according to standard 527-1:2019, at 23°C, with a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min.
- NEOFLONTM NF101 marketed by Daikin, is a copolymer essentially made up of repeating TFE and HFP (FEP) units. This FEP copolymer has a viscosity of 1200 Pa.s at 380°C and 1 Hz. The supplier indicates that its NEOFLONTM FEP range, including NEOFLONTM NF101, has a tensile modulus of elasticity of 440 to 540 MPa (ASTM D 638).
- SILTEM® 1500 sold by Sabic, is a polyetherimide-polydimethylsiloxane (PEI/PDMS) block copolymer.
- PEI/PDMS polyetherimide-polydimethylsiloxane
- SILTEM® 1500 has a mass proportion of 40% polydimethylsiloxane relative to the total weight of the polymer and has a viscosity of 800 Pa.s at 380°C and 1 Hz.
- the supplier indicates that SILTEM® 1500 has a modulus of tensile elasticity of 590 MPa with a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min (ISO 527).
- the PEKK was mixed with each of the flexible thermoplastic polymers and extruded using a ZSK Mc 18 twin-screw extruder, marketed by the company Coperion by introduction into the main hopper and extrusion at a temperature of 320° C.
- the speed of rotation of the screws was 250 revolutions/minute for the PEKK and PEI/PDMS block copolymer mixture and 320 revolutions/minute for the PEKK and FEP mixture.
- the granules thus obtained were pulverized in a device as shown in Figure 2 to obtain a solid powder. Two successive heat treatments were implemented. The powder was first treated at 185°C for 6 hours and then at 270°C for 3 hours.
- a control powder #3c was also produced in order to compare it to the powders formulated in the examples according to the invention. It is made of PEKK and has been manufactured by a traditional process of grinding crystallized polymer flakes, followed by a densification step and a heat treatment step.
- This powder qualified as “undensified”, was then subjected to a thermo-mechanical treatment in a rapid mixer of the Henschel type, with a speed at the end of the blade of the order of 43 m/s, for 60 minutes. A densified powder could thus be obtained.
- the packed density of the densified powder is 440 kg/m 3 .
- the densified powder was finally heat treated at 275° C. for 4 hours.
- Type 1 BA specimens and bars with dimensions of 80*10*4 mm3 were printed in the xy plane using a P810 printer, marketed by the company EOS.
- the construction temperature was set at 285° C. and the laser energy at 29 mJ/mm 2 .
- Type 1 BA specimens were used to determine the tensile modulus of elasticity of objects manufactured by laser powder sintering, at 23° C., with a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min.
- powders #1 and #2 made it possible to manufacture objects obtained by PEKK-based laser sintering and, having a lower elastic modulus and a higher impact resistance, compared to what it was possible to manufacture with powders according to the prior art (powder #3c).
- Another comparative example Obtaining powder from PEKK granules obtained by compounding.
- PEKK pellets approximately 2mm in size were extruded.
- the granules were then heat-treated for 9 hours at 180°C, in order to increase their crystallinity and make them more brittle for the grinding step. They were finally ground in a Mikropull 2DH® cryogenic hammer mill cooled by liquid nitrogen, the mill being also equipped with a grid with 500 micron round holes.
- the powder obtained has a d50 of 500 microns.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2110215A FR3127496B1 (fr) | 2021-09-28 | 2021-09-28 | Poudre à base de polyaryléthercétone(s) pour la fabrication d’objets ductiles. |
| PCT/FR2022/051805 WO2023052715A1 (fr) | 2021-09-28 | 2022-09-26 | Poudre à base de polyaryléthercétone(s) pour la fabrication d'objets ductiles |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4408932A1 true EP4408932A1 (fr) | 2024-08-07 |
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ID=78332949
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22789959.8A Pending EP4408932A1 (fr) | 2021-09-28 | 2022-09-26 | Poudre à base de polyaryléthercétone(s) pour la fabrication d'objets ductiles |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20240384095A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4408932A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2024536121A (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR20240075873A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN118369383A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3127496B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2023052715A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0323142B1 (fr) | 1987-12-24 | 1993-09-08 | PIRELLI GENERAL plc | Mélanges ternaires comme matière d'enrobage isolante |
| US6177518B1 (en) * | 1997-07-25 | 2001-01-23 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Blends of fluoroplastics with polyetherketoneketone |
| DE19813101A1 (de) | 1998-03-25 | 1999-09-30 | Herbert Dressler | Vorrichtung zum Versprühen chemisch-technischer Produkte und Verfahren hierzu |
| US6265492B1 (en) * | 1998-06-15 | 2001-07-24 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Melt-fabricable polytetrafluoroethylene |
| GB0125618D0 (en) * | 2001-10-24 | 2001-12-19 | Victrex Mfg Ltd | Polyaryletherketone polymer blends |
| DE102004062762A1 (de) | 2004-12-21 | 2006-06-22 | Degussa Ag | Feinkörniges Polyarylenetherketonpulver |
| US8013251B2 (en) | 2008-03-17 | 2011-09-06 | Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V. | Electrical wire comprising an aromatic polyketone and polysiloxane/polyimide block copolymer composition |
| DE102008001873A1 (de) | 2008-05-20 | 2009-11-26 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Kerbschlagzähe Polyarylenetherketon-Formmasse |
| EP2627687B1 (fr) | 2010-09-27 | 2021-09-22 | Arkema, Inc. | Poudres de polymères traitées thermiquement |
| FR2982519B1 (fr) | 2011-11-10 | 2020-02-21 | Arkema France | Procede de broyage de polyaryl ether cetones |
| WO2014034493A1 (fr) * | 2012-08-31 | 2014-03-06 | ダイセル・エボニック株式会社 | Composition de résine thermoplastique ignifuge |
| US9902821B2 (en) * | 2012-09-04 | 2018-02-27 | Solvay Specialty Polymers Usa, Llc. | High melt flow PEAK compositions |
| KR102150906B1 (ko) * | 2012-09-04 | 2020-09-02 | 솔베이 스페셜티 폴리머즈 유에스에이, 엘.엘.씨. | 고용융 유동성 peak 조성물 |
| US10246586B2 (en) * | 2013-04-17 | 2019-04-02 | Daicel-Evonik Ltd. | Light-resistance improver |
| US10388424B2 (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2019-08-20 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Poly(etherimide-siloxane)-aromatic polyketone compositions and articles made therefrom |
| JP6958546B2 (ja) | 2016-04-28 | 2021-11-02 | Agc株式会社 | 含フッ素共重合体組成物、その製造方法、および成形体 |
| PT3339386T (pt) * | 2016-12-22 | 2020-02-19 | Arkema France | Utilização de um material polímero à base de poli eter-cetona-cetona para reduzir o desgaste |
| JP7234492B2 (ja) * | 2017-01-30 | 2023-03-08 | Agc株式会社 | 組成物から作られる物品 |
| FR3077578B1 (fr) | 2018-02-05 | 2020-01-10 | Arkema France | Melanges de polyarylethercetones presentant une resistance au choc, un allongement a la rupture et une souplesse ameliores |
| FR3101634B1 (fr) | 2019-10-08 | 2022-06-03 | Arkema France | Poudre de poly-aryl-éther-cétone(s) chargée, procédé de fabrication et utilisation correspondants |
-
2021
- 2021-09-28 FR FR2110215A patent/FR3127496B1/fr active Active
-
2022
- 2022-09-26 WO PCT/FR2022/051805 patent/WO2023052715A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2022-09-26 KR KR1020247013630A patent/KR20240075873A/ko active Pending
- 2022-09-26 EP EP22789959.8A patent/EP4408932A1/fr active Pending
- 2022-09-26 JP JP2024519093A patent/JP2024536121A/ja active Pending
- 2022-09-26 CN CN202280077125.7A patent/CN118369383A/zh active Pending
- 2022-09-26 US US18/696,337 patent/US20240384095A1/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN118369383A (zh) | 2024-07-19 |
| FR3127496B1 (fr) | 2025-01-17 |
| JP2024536121A (ja) | 2024-10-04 |
| US20240384095A1 (en) | 2024-11-21 |
| WO2023052715A1 (fr) | 2023-04-06 |
| FR3127496A1 (fr) | 2023-03-31 |
| KR20240075873A (ko) | 2024-05-29 |
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