EP4409650A2 - Elektrochemische zink-braunstein-zelle mit schichtförmigem aufbau und batterie - Google Patents
Elektrochemische zink-braunstein-zelle mit schichtförmigem aufbau und batterieInfo
- Publication number
- EP4409650A2 EP4409650A2 EP22776891.8A EP22776891A EP4409650A2 EP 4409650 A2 EP4409650 A2 EP 4409650A2 EP 22776891 A EP22776891 A EP 22776891A EP 4409650 A2 EP4409650 A2 EP 4409650A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- electrical conductor
- zinc
- conductor structure
- manganese dioxide
- electrolyte
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
- BPKGOZPBGXJDEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Zn] Chemical compound [C].[Zn] BPKGOZPBGXJDEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract 4
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 334
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- SZKTYYIADWRVSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc manganese(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[O--].[Mn++].[Zn++] SZKTYYIADWRVSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 64
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011245 gel electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 226
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 31
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 25
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 23
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 18
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 17
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 16
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- -1 polychlorotrifluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 9
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 9
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012764 mineral filler Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229910001316 Ag alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002493 poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000005023 polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) polymer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 4
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ag+].[Ag+] NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- QNRATNLHPGXHMA-XZHTYLCXSA-N (r)-(6-ethoxyquinolin-4-yl)-[(2s,4s,5r)-5-ethyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]methanol;hydrochloride Chemical group Cl.C([C@H]([C@H](C1)CC)C2)CN1[C@@H]2[C@H](O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OCC)C=C21 QNRATNLHPGXHMA-XZHTYLCXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002313 adhesive film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021401 carbide-derived carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006317 cationic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006037 cross link polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004386 diacrylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011883 electrode binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003411 electrode reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002001 electrolyte material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000017 hydrogel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003480 inorganic solid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HTQOEHYNHFXMJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxosilver zinc Chemical compound [Zn].[Ag]=O HTQOEHYNHFXMJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011118 potassium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001923 silver oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000352 storage cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
- RNWHGQJWIACOKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Zn+2] RNWHGQJWIACOKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/24—Alkaline accumulators
- H01M10/26—Selection of materials as electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/24—Alkaline accumulators
- H01M10/28—Construction or manufacture
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
- H01M4/0414—Methods of deposition of the material by screen printing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/46—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
- H01M50/509—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing characterised by the type of connection, e.g. mixed connections
- H01M50/51—Connection only in series
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
- H01M50/514—Methods for interconnecting adjacent batteries or cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0002—Aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0014—Alkaline electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0085—Immobilising or gelification of electrolyte
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrochemical zinc-manganese dioxide cell with a layered structure and a battery constructed from a plurality of such zinc-manganese dioxide cells.
- Electrochemical cells and batteries are known in a wide variety of designs. There are printed cells or batteries in which functional parts, in particular electrodes and current collector layers, are printed onto a suitable substrate. Various pastes can be used for this purpose, which are printed in the desired shape, for example using a screen printing process, on an electrically non-conductive substrate.
- WO 2006/105966 A1 describes, for example, a galvanic element or an electrochemical cell in which at least one positive and at least one negative electrode are arranged next to one another on a flat, electrically non-conductive substrate and are connected to one another via an ion-conductive electrolyte.
- the flat substrate can in particular be a film, preferably a plastic film.
- conductor tracks that serve as conductors or collectors for the current flow. Electrically conductive foils, in particular metal foils, can be used for this, for example.
- the conductor tracks can also be applied to the substrate using a printable paste.
- WO 2011/151263 A1 describes such a battery with a stacked arrangement of a plurality of electrochemical cells.
- the oppositely polarized electrode layers arranged one above the other are separated by an intermediate separator layer and form an electrode-separator stack with this.
- Current collectors which are connected to connection contacts, can be applied to a battery carrier or a substrate as current conductors.
- the electrode layers are in direct contact with the current collectors and are connected to a load via the connection contacts.
- Such printed batteries or electrochemical cells can in principle be rechargeable or be designed to be non-rechargeable.
- Zinc-manganese dioxide batteries are particularly common in printed batteries.
- a printable zinc paste for example, which comprises zinc powder, a suitable binder and a suitable solvent, can serve as the anode material for the negative electrode.
- a printable paste can be used to produce the cathode or the positive electrode, which includes manganese dioxide (MnO 2 ) and carbon black and/or graphite as the conductive material and a suitable binder and a suitable solvent.
- MnO 2 manganese dioxide
- carbon black and/or graphite as the conductive material and a suitable binder and a suitable solvent.
- silver, copper and/or graphite can be used as current conductors for the negative electrode.
- the current collectors of the positive electrode are preferably formed on the basis of silver, nickel and/or graphite. Conductive silver pastes are particularly widespread for both current collector layers.
- the current conductors or the current collectors are of flat design in order to be able to contact the electrode layers over their entire surface.
- Such printed electrochemical cells or batteries are suitable for a wide range of applications, in particular also for supplying energy to relatively short-lived articles, for example disposable articles.
- cost-effective production of such printed cells or batteries is of particular advantage.
- the object of the invention is to provide a particularly cost-effective solution for the production of electrochemical zinc-manganese dioxide cells and for batteries based on zinc-manganese dioxide cells.
- the zinc-manganese dioxide cells should be designed in such a way that they can be produced easily and cheaply with sufficiently good performance and at the same time be able to provide the electrical energy required for the respective application.
- an electrochemical zinc-Braunstein cell having the features specified in claim 1.
- the object is achieved by a battery, which comprises at least two such electrochemical zinc-manganese dioxide cells, according to the further independent claim. Further developments of these aspects of the invention are the subject matter of the dependent claims.
- the invention includes a method for producing an electrochemical zinc-manganese dioxide cell and/or a battery constructed from such zinc-manganese dioxide cells.
- electrochemical cell means a single cell that is capable of storing electrical energy and has at least one positive and at least one negative electrode.
- the electrochemical zinc-manganese dioxide cell according to the invention is characterized by a layered structure and includes the following features a. to e.: a. A first electrode layer of positive electrode material covering a first surface on an electrically insulating substrate, and b. a second electrode layer of negative electrode material overlying a second surface on an electrically insulating substrate, and c. an electrolyte that allows ion flow between the electrode layers, and d. a first electrical conductor structure extending on one of the surfaces between one of the electrode layers and the substrate, and e. a second electrical conductor structure extending on the other surface between the other electrode layer and the substrate.
- the zinc-Braunstein cell according to the invention is further distinguished by the following features f. and/or g. of: f.
- the first electrical conductor structure covers a proportion of 10 to 80%, preferably 10 to 70%, particularly preferably 10 to 60%, of one area and/or g.
- the second electrical conductor structure covers a proportion of 10 to 80%, preferably of 10 to 70%, more preferably 10 to 60% of the other area.
- the cell according to the invention is characterized in that the first electrical conductor structure and/or the second electrical conductor structure are not formed over the entire surface, but only a certain proportion of the first surface or the second surface on the cover electrically insulating substrate. Covering a proportion of 10% to 80% of the first area or the second area of the electrically insulating substrate results in a free area between 20% and 90% of these areas for the electrical conductor structures.
- the degree of coverage can be, for example, 78% or 68% or, particularly preferably, 60% or 55%, resulting in a saving of material for the conductor structure of 22% or 32% or 40% or 45%.
- the degree of coverage of the first surface or the second surface of the electrically insulating substrate corresponds to a degree of coverage of the respective electrode layers.
- the particular advantage of the zinc manganese dioxide cell according to the invention lies in the fact that the first and/or second electrical conductor structure does not cover the entire surface, resulting in material savings in the conductor structure, which has a very advantageous effect on the production costs of the zinc manganese dioxide cell .
- the conductor structures are usually formed by a silver layer or, if appropriate, by another metallic layer. Due to the non-full-area formation of the conductor structures, considerable savings can be achieved in the material consumption for the silver or possibly for another metal.
- the investigations of the inventors have shown that even if the electrical conductor structures are not formed over the entire surface, the performance of the zinc manganese dioxide cell is still good or at least adequate for the respective application in relation to the current provided. The investigations of the inventors were able to show that the advantages of cost savings outweigh any possibly somewhat reduced performance of the zinc-Braunstein cell.
- the cell is a printed cell.
- the printed cell is characterized in that at least one of the elements of the cell is produced by a printing process, for example by a per se known screen printing process.
- the zinc manganese dioxide cell according to the invention is distinguished in preferred embodiments by at least one of the following additional features a. to c. from: a. At least one of the electrode layers is a printed layer, b. at least one of the electrical conductor structures is a printed structure, c. the electrolyte is in the form of a printed electrolyte layer.
- the printed electrode layers can be electrode layers that are customary in energy storage cells of this type, which are printed in particular with a printable paste. Such methods are known in principle from the prior art.
- Printing offers particular advantages for the production of the electrical conductor structures, since the perforated or non-full-area configurations of the conductor structures can be produced in a particularly simple and flexible manner by means of a printing process.
- Both the electrical conductor structures and the electrode layers and the electrolyte are preferably formed by printing methods, since the cell can be produced in a particularly simple and cost-effective manner in this way. In particular, such a manufacturing method is particularly suitable for mass production.
- the zinc-Braunstein cell according to the invention also comprises a separator or an ion-conducting separator layer, which is preferably arranged between the electrode layers.
- This separator layer can optionally also be printed or else be formed from a porous separator, for example a fleece or a film.
- the electrical conductor structures of the zinc-Braunstein cell according to the invention are, in particular, metallic structures in order to provide electrical conductivity.
- the first electrical conductor structure and/or the second electrical conductor structure comprises silver or a silver alloy.
- the electrical conductor structures are formed in particular by metal particles, in particular silver particles or particles made of a silver alloy.
- such conductor structures can be produced with particular advantage by printing methods, with the non-full-area structures provided according to the invention being able to be produced in a particularly suitable manner.
- Printable conductive pastes with silver particles for the production of conductive structures are known from the prior art and are freely available commercially.
- the non-full-area conductor structures of the zinc manganese dioxide cell according to the invention can also be produced by other methods, for example by deposition from the gas phase and subsequent etching processes, in which the metal areas are removed in unmasked areas.
- printing processes are particularly advantageous since the desired structures can be produced in one work step.
- the silver or silver alloy preferably used for the conductor structures is, on the one hand, a very suitable material with advantageous properties for the zinc manganese dioxide cell and, on the other hand, it is a relatively expensive material, is the particular advantage of the invention in the possible cost savings with good performance of the cells. Since, according to the invention, the conductor structures are designed as non-full-area structures which only partially cover the surfaces of the substrate, this approach according to the invention offers a considerable savings potential in the production costs of the zinc-manganese dioxide cells.
- the zinc manganese dioxide cell according to the invention is characterized by at least one of the following additional features a. and b. from: a.
- the first electrical conductor structure comprises a plurality of conductor tracks which are in contact with one another, b. the second electrical conductor structure comprises a plurality of conductor tracks which are in contact with one another.
- the electrical conductor structures are characterized by at least one of the following additional features a. to c. from: a.
- the first electrical conductor structure comprises a central conductor track and, preferably on one side of the central conductor track, a plurality of conductor fingers which are connected to the central conductor track at preferably regular intervals
- the second electrical conductor structure comprises a central conductor track and, preferably on one side of the central conductor track, a plurality of conductor fingers which are connected to the central conductor track at preferably regular intervals
- the central conductor track of the first electrical conductor structure and the central conductor track of the second electrical conductor structure are offset from one another at an angle of 90° or at an angle of 180° in the zinc-Braunstein cell.
- the aforementioned features a. and b. particularly preferably the aforementioned features a. and b. and c., realized together with each other.
- the conductor fingers are a form of the aforementioned conductor tracks, which is characterized in that they are connected to the central conductor track of the respective electrical conductor structure or, to a certain extent, branch off from it.
- the offset of the electrical conductor structures according to the aforementioned feature c. is particularly suitable for a stacked arrangement of the electrode layers of the cell, in which the first electrical conductor structure and the second electrical conductor structure are on opposite sides of the stack.
- the staggered arrangement of the conductor structures makes it possible in a particularly advantageous manner to achieve a particularly suitable and favorable structure and a suitable interconnection of the individual cells via the electrical conductor structures, particularly when connecting a plurality of such cells to form a battery.
- the conductor tracks or conductor fingers are distinguished by at least one of the following additional features a. until d. from: a.
- the central conductor track of the first electrical conductor structure and/or the second electrical conductor structure has an essentially uniform width, b. the conductor fingers extend parallel to each other, c. the conductor fingers are of substantially uniform width, d. the conductor fingers have a width that increases in the direction of the central conductor track.
- the aforementioned features c. and d. are to be understood as alternatives.
- the conductor structures and in particular the shape and number of conductor fingers can be varied and adjusted.
- the electrical conductor structure is in the form of a comb, with the "tines" of the comb protruding into the surface of the conductor structure and the "back” of the comb collecting and dissipating the ion current of the electrode layer as the central conductor track (comb structure).
- the conductor structure may be in the form of tines interconnected at the base, with a connection in the form of the central conductive track at the wider base of the tines, which collects and diverts the electron stream.
- the spikes or points of this structure protrude into the surface of the conductor structure and collect the ion current in the surface of the electrode layer.
- the conductor fingers become linearly narrower (pronged structure) with the distance from the contact plane, ie from the central conductor track.
- the embodiment of the electrical conductor structures as a jagged structure has the particular advantage that the conductor structure has the greatest width in the vicinity of the central conductor track, where most of the current flows. Towards the more remote areas, the structure becomes narrower and narrower. Since the conductor structure in the area of the highest current flow is distributed relatively broadly or over a large area, there are no bottlenecks for the current flow. If the thickness of the layer remains essentially the same, the cross section of the conductor fingers increases in the direction of the central conductor track. This adaptation to the local current density thus ensures a particularly advantageous embodiment.
- the embodiment of the electrical conductor structure as a comb structure has the particular advantage that that hereby a particularly large material saving can be realized.
- the coverage of the electrode layer by the conductive structure can be in a range of 50% to 60% in the case of the jagged structure.
- the proportion of the electrode layers covered by the conductor structure is particularly preferably 60%, so that a saving of 40% in the material for the conductor structure is possible as a result.
- the coverage of the electrode layers by the conductor structure can be, for example, in a range from 10% to 40%, particularly preferably in a range from 20% to 30%.
- the degree of coverage of the electrode layers by the conductor structure is 55% in the case of the comb structure, so that a saving of 45% in the material for the conductor structure is possible as a result.
- the electrical conductor structures are characterized by at least one of the following additional features a. to e. from: a.
- the first electrical conductor structure comprises a plurality of intersecting conductor tracks
- the second electrical conductor structure comprises a plurality of intersecting conductor tracks
- the crossing traces comprise multiple traces in parallel alignment, i. the crossing traces enclose square free areas. e. the crossing traces form a lattice structure.
- the aforementioned features a. and b. realized together are particularly preferred. to e. realized together.
- the first and/or second electrical conductor structure forms a lattice structure, in particular a regular lattice structure, via which the electrode layers are connected in a uniform manner.
- the even coverage of the electrode layers with the lattice structure results in a good and even electrical connection of the electrode layers without major losses in the performance of the zinc manganese dioxide cell.
- various configurations of the resulting lattice structure can be implemented, in particular rectangular free areas can be configured. Square open spaces or diamond-shaped open spaces are possible. In principle, other structures are also conceivable.
- the degree of coverage in the lattice structures can be in a range from 10 to 40%, for example. In other embodiments, the degree of coverage in the lattice structures can be 60 to 80%, for example.
- the electrode layers can be covered with the electrical conductor structure with a proportion of 68%, resulting in a saving of 32% in the material for the electrical conductor layers.
- the electrode layers can be covered with the electrical conductor structure with a proportion of 78%, resulting in a saving of 22% in the material for the electrical conductor layers.
- the first and/or second electrical conductor structure can be described in such a way that it forms a structure that does not cover the entire surface, which is characterized in particular by a large number of openings or free areas.
- the openings can have, for example, an outline without corners, in particular circular or oval recesses, or an outline with three or more corners, in particular four corners or else five corners or more. These openings are preferably arranged essentially uniformly over the area with the openings in the case of a regular lattice structure.
- two different structures can be combined with one another in the electrical conductor structures of a cell according to the invention.
- the main reason for this preferred embodiment of the zinc-manganese dioxide cell according to the invention can be that the negative electrode of the cell generally has better conductivity than the positive electrode, at least in the fresh state. For this reason, it may be sufficient if the conductor structure associated with the negative electrode has a lower degree of coverage than the conductor structure associated with the positive electrode.
- the electrical conductor structure assigned to the negative electrode can have the comb structure explained above and the electrical conductor structure assigned to the positive electrode can have the prong structure explained above.
- the following additional feature a. intended: a.
- the first electrical conductor structure and/or the second electrical conductor structure have a section that is free of electrode material and is unperforated for forming connection contacts or poles of the zinc-Braunstein cell.
- the sections of the electrical conductor structures that are free of electrode material and not broken through preferably form the connecting contacts of the zinc-manganese dioxide cell, which are provided for connecting the zinc-manganese dioxide cell to an electrical load in a manner known per se. If several zinc-manganese dioxide cells are connected to form a battery, it is usually provided that only one of the zinc-manganese dioxide cells provides the positive terminal contact and only one of the cells provides the negative terminal contact of the battery, with the remaining cells corresponding to each other are connected.
- the conductor structures of the electrochemical zinc-Braunstein cell according to the invention are also preferably characterized by at least one of the following additional features a. and/or b. from: a.
- the first electrical conductor structure and/or the second electrical conductor structure have a layer thickness in a range from 10 to 100 ⁇ m, b. the first electrical conductor structure and/or the second electrical conductor structure have an essentially uniform layer thickness.
- the first electrical conductor structure and/or the second electrical conductor structure are/are coated with a carbon layer at least in regions.
- the carbon layer is an electrically conductive layer made of carbon, which is arranged in particular between the respective electrical conductor structure, which is usually a metallic layer, and the respective electrode layer.
- the carbon layer protects the metallic layer, since it makes direct contact between the metallic layer and a liquid electrolyte in the cell more difficult or even impossible.
- the electrical conductor layer comprises silver particles, there is a risk that silver will dissolve in the electrolyte and the electrical conductor layer will be weakened or even destroyed.
- the carbon layer can therefore protect the silver electrical conductor layer from direct contact with the electrolyte in a particularly advantageous manner.
- the carbon layer can have a thickness in a range from 5 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m, for example, a range from 10 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m being particularly preferred. It can also be preferred that the carbon layer is subjected to a heat treatment after application, as a result of which the tightness of the carbon layer can be improved.
- the negative electrode material of the zinc-Braunstein cell according to the invention preferably comprises particulate metallic zinc or a particulate metallic zinc alloy as the active electrode material.
- the positive electrode material of the zinc manganese dioxide cell according to the invention preferably comprises manganese oxide as the particulate metal oxide as the active electrode material.
- the cells according to the invention can also be zinc-silver oxide cells.
- Their negative electrodes include particulate metallic zinc or a particulate metallic zinc alloy as the electrode active material, while their positive electrodes include particulate silver oxide as the electrode active material.
- the particulate metallic zinc or the particulate metallic zinc alloy in the negative electrode of the cell or in the negative electrode material of the second electrode layer, based on the total weight of the solid components of the negative electrode, is preferably in a proportion in the range from 40% by weight to 99% by weight, in particular from 40% by weight to 80% by weight.
- the choice of an electrochemical system with a negative electrode containing zinc offers particular advantages in terms of the required safety of the cells.
- Systems with zinc-based negative electrodes require an aqueous electrolyte and are therefore non-flammable.
- zinc is environmentally friendly and inexpensive.
- cells with an aqueous electrolyte are particularly advantageous.
- the negative electrode of the cell may contain a proportion of a conductivity additive comparable to a conductivity additive as described below in connection with the positive electrode.
- a conductivity additive is generally not absolutely necessary.
- the positive electrode of the cell contains, preferably homogeneously mixed, at least one conductivity additive for optimizing the electrical conductivity of the positive electrode and/or an elastic binder or binder mixture.
- the particulate metal oxide is preferably contained in the positive electrode in a proportion of 10% by weight to 90% by weight based on the total weight of the solid components of the positive electrode.
- the positive electrode of the cell contains the elastic binder or binder mixture in a proportion of 1% by weight to 25% by weight, based on the total weight of the solid components of the positive electrode. i.e.
- the positive electrode of the cell contains the at least one conductivity additive, based on the total weight of the solid components of the positive electrode, in a proportion of 1% by weight to 85% by weight.
- the proportion of the elastic binder or binder mixture in the positive electrode is preferably at least 1% by weight, since it can fix the metal oxide particles contained relative to one another and at the same time give the positive electrode a certain flexibility.
- the amount should expediently not exceed the above-mentioned maximum proportion of 25%, since otherwise there is a risk that the metal oxide particles are at least partially no longer in contact with one another.
- a proportion in the range from 50% by weight to 90% by weight is more preferred.
- a proportion in the range from 2.5% by weight to 35% by weight is more preferred.
- a high proportion of the metal oxide in the positive electrode increases the capacity of the cell.
- the proportion of the at least one conductivity additive is of greater importance for the current-carrying capacity than the total proportion of the metal oxide.
- the cell is characterized by at least one of the immediately following additional features a. and b. from: a.
- the positive electrode contains at least one carbon-based material as a conductivity additive, in particular from the group consisting of activated carbon, activated carbon fiber, carbide-derived carbon, carbon airgel, graphite, graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs).
- the positive electrode contains the at least one carbon-based material in a proportion ranging from 25% by weight to 35% by weight (see above).
- features a. and b. implemented in combination.
- the specified conductivity additives not only increase the electrical conductivity of the positive electrode. Rather, they can impart a double layer capacitance to the positive electrode in addition to its Faradaic capacitance. Thus, very large currents can be made available for short periods of time.
- the negative electrode of the cell in addition to the positive electrode, also contains an elastic binder or binder mixture in a preferably homogeneous mixture in addition to the particulate metallic zinc or the particulate metallic zinc alloy.
- the cell is characterized by at least one of the additional features a. and b. from: a.
- the negative electrode of the cell contains at least one member from the group consisting of cellulose and its derivatives, in particular carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), polyacrylate (PA), polyacrylic acid (PAA), polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE), polyhexafluoropropylene (PHFP), polyimide, as an elastic binder or binder mixture (PI), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polytrifluoroethylene (PTrFE), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF), styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) and mixtures of the aforementioned materials.
- CMC carboxymethyl cellulose
- PA polyacrylate
- PAA polyacrylic acid
- PCTFE polychlorotrifluoroethylene
- PHFP polyhexafluoropropylene
- PI polytetrafluor
- the positive electrode of the cell contains at least one member from the group consisting of cellulose and its derivatives, in particular carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), polyacrylate (PA), polyacrylic acid (PAA), polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE), polyhexafluoropropylene (PHFP), polyimide, as an elastic binder or binder mixture (PI), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polytrifluoroethylene (PTrFE), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF), styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) and mixtures of the aforementioned materials.
- CMC carboxymethyl cellulose
- PA polyacrylate
- PAA polyacrylic acid
- PCTFE polychlorotrifluoroethylene
- PHFP polyhexafluoropropylene
- PI polytetrafluoroethylene
- PTrFE polytrifluoroethylene
- PVDF polyvinylidene difluor
- a combination of a polysaccharide suitable as an electrode binder, in particular a cellulose derivative, and SBR is particularly preferably contained in both the positive and the negative electrode as the binder or binder mixture.
- the positive and negative electrodes may contain 0.5% to 2.5% by weight of carboxymethyl cellulose and/or chitosan and 5% to 10% by weight of SBR.
- the cellulose derivative or the chitosan also serve as an emulsifier. They help in the distribution of the elastic binder (SBR) in the
- the positive and negative electrodes of the cell contain the elastic binder or binder mixture, based on the total weight of their solid components, preferably in a proportion of 1% by weight to 25% by weight.
- the zinc manganese dioxide cell according to the invention is characterized by at least one of the following additional features: a.
- the zinc-Braunstein cell comprises a porous separator which is impregnated with the electrolyte, in particular an aqueous electrolyte (separator-liquid-electrolyte combination), b.
- the zinc-Braunstein cell comprises a porous separator which is impregnated with the electrolyte, in particular an aqueous electrolyte, and which forms a layered barrier between the electrode layers in the cell, c.
- the electrolyte is a solid electrolyte, d.
- the electrolyte is a gel electrolyte.
- the separator of the cell can also be printed. Suitable printing pastes for this can be found, for example, in EP 2561564 B1.
- the separator according to the aforementioned feature a be porous flat structures, for example porous foils or nonwovens, which are arranged between the electrode layers and which are preferably impregnated with the electrolyte. Suitable fabrics and corresponding procedures for producing the cells are described in EP 3477727 A1.
- a fleece or a microporous plastic film ⁇ are particularly preferred as porous fabric. with a thickness in the range 60-120 ⁇ m and a porosity (ratio of void volume to total volume) in the range 35-60%.
- the fleece or the film preferably consists of a polyolefin, for example polyethylene.
- porous sheetlike structures such as the foils and nonwovens mentioned are used as separators
- a solid electrolyte can also be provided in the cell according to the invention, as is the case in a preferred one Embodiment is described for example in EP 2960967 Bl.
- alkaline electrolytes such as caustic soda or caustic potash
- aqueous electrolytes with a pH in the neutral range have the advantage of being less dangerous in the event of mechanical damage to the cell.
- the zinc manganese dioxide cell according to the invention is distinguished by at least one of the immediately following additional features a. and b. from: a. It comprises an aqueous electrolyte containing a chloride-based conductive salt, b. The separator interposed between the positive and negative electrode layers is impregnated with the electrolyte.
- Zinc chloride and ammonium chloride are particularly suitable as chloride-based conductive salts. It is preferable that the pH of the aqueous electrolyte is in the neutral or slightly acidic range.
- the aqueous electrolyte includes an additive to increase the viscosity (thickening agent) and/or mineral filler particles, in particular in an amount that gives the electrolyte a paste-like consistency.
- an electrolyte is also referred to below as an electrolyte paste.
- Silicon dioxide is particularly suitable as a filler.
- binding substances such as carboxymethyl cellulose can also be used to increase the viscosity.
- Suitable mineral filler particles are, for example, ceramic solids, salts that are almost or completely insoluble in water, glass and basalt and carbon.
- ceramic solids includes all solids that can be used to produce ceramic products, including siliceous materials such as aluminum silicates, glasses and clay minerals, oxidic raw materials such as silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide and aluminum oxide and non-oxidic materials such as silicon carbide or silicon nitride.
- the mineral filler particles preferably have electrically insulating properties.
- the term "almost or completely insoluble” means that at room temperature in water there is at most low, preferably no, solubility.
- the solubility of the mineral filler particles, in particular of the salts mentioned which are almost or completely insoluble in water should preferably not exceed the solubility of calcium carbonate in water at room temperature.
- Calcium carbonate is a particularly preferred example of an inorganic solid that can be contained in the electrolyte paste as a particulate filling component.
- the electrolyte paste has the following composition:
- Floating agents e.g. SiOx powder 2 to 4% by weight
- Mineral particles e.g. CaCO 3 ) 10 to 20% by weight
- Solvent (preferably water) 40 to 55% by weight
- zinc chloride and/or ammonium chloride are preferably used as the chloride-based conductive salt.
- a layer of such an electrolyte with a paste-like consistency between the separator and at least one of the electrode layers, preferably between both sides of the separator and the electrode layers each to arrange a layer of this electrolyte. If a layer of such an electrolyte is applied to one or both sides of the separator, the water and the components of the electrolyte dissolved therein penetrate into the separator, whereas the suspending agent and/or the mineral filler particles form a layer on the or the sides of the separator lag behind. The same applies if you apply the electrolyte with the paste-like consistency to the electrodes.
- the electrolyte layers contribute to electrically isolating the positive electrode and the negative electrode from each other due to their proportion of mineral filler particles, they can be regarded as optional components of the separator.
- the separators of the cells according to the invention thus also comprise one or two such electrolyte layers.
- the electrolyte can be a gel electrolyte.
- gel electrolytes are particularly suitable for cost-effective production of the cells, especially with regard to mass production.
- the electrically insulating substrate as the support for the zinc-Braunstein cell according to the invention can be designed in various ways. It is particularly advantageous if the surface does not have any electrically conductive properties, so that short circuits or leakage currents can be ruled out if the conductor structures of the cell are printed directly onto the substrate.
- the carrier can be a plastic-based substrate.
- a film made from a polyolefin or from polyethylene terephthalate is suitable. Provision can be made for the side (outside) of the film facing away from the electrochemical functional parts of the cell to have an adhesive surface with which the zinc-manganese dioxide cell can be fixed to a product or the like, for example.
- the cell is characterized by one of the following features a. or b. from: a.
- the electrode layers are coplanar with each other in the zinc-Braunstein cell, or b. the electrode layers are in a stacked arrangement with the sequence electrically insulating substrate - first electrically conductive structure - first electrode layer - electrolyte - second electrode layer - second electrically conductive structure - electrically insulating substrate.
- the basic structure of an electrochemical cell with a coplanar arrangement of the electrodes or the electrode layers can be found, for example, in WO 2006/105966 A1.
- the basic structure of an electrochemical cell with a stacked arrangement of the electrode layers is evident, for example, from the as yet unpublished European patent application No. 21 158807.4 and is explained in more detail below.
- the current carrying capacity of cells with stacked electrode layers is significantly higher than when the electrode layers are arranged in a coplanar manner.
- the ions that migrate back and forth between the electrodes during charging and discharging processes have to cover significantly shorter paths on average.
- the shortest distance between the electrodes often corresponds approximately to the thickness of a separator arranged between the positive and the negative electrode layer.
- the invention also includes a battery which includes at least two of the above-described electrochemical zinc-manganese dioxide cells according to the invention, the cells combined in a battery preferably having a stacked arrangement of the electrode layers.
- the cells of a battery are expediently electrically connected to one another in a manner known per se in order to increase the performance of the battery compared to a single cell.
- the battery is distinguished by at least one of the following additional features a. and b. from: a.
- the battery consists of four zinc-manganese dioxide cells, b. the electrochemical zinc-manganese dioxide cells are connected in series.
- the individual zinc manganese dioxide cells of the battery are electrically connected according to the following feature a.: a.
- the individual zinc-manganese dioxide cells are electrically connected to one another via common electrical conductor structures connecting the zinc-manganese dioxide cells, in particular via common central conductor tracks of the first and/or the second electrical conductor structures. Further details on this can also be found in the following description of preferred exemplary embodiments of the battery.
- Batteries of this type can be manufactured with a very thin and flexible structure, as a result of which such batteries can be used for a wide range of applications, in particular also for supplying energy to everyday items or disposable items.
- a battery according to the invention can have a layer thickness of 2 mm or less.
- the battery according to the invention is characterized by at least one of the immediately following additional features a. to g. distinguishes: a.
- the electrode layers are rectangular or in the form of strips.
- Oppositely polarized electrode layers of the individual cells occupy the same area on the substrates.
- the electrode layers that are electrically connected to one another and the electrode layers that are not electrically connected to one another are each aligned parallel to one another.
- Electrode layers of the individual cells with the same polarity have essentially identical dimensions.
- the electrode layers have a length in the range from 1 cm to 25 cm, preferably from 5 cm to 20 cm, and a width in the range from 0.5 to 10 cm, preferably from 1 cm to 5 cm. f.
- the electrical conductor structures have a thickness in the range from 2 ⁇ m to 250 ⁇ m, preferably from 2 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m, particularly preferably from 2 ⁇ m to 25 ⁇ m, more preferably from 5 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m.
- the electrode layers have a thickness in the range from 10 ⁇ m to 350 ⁇ m.
- the positive and the negative electrode layers each particularly preferably have a thickness in the range from 10 ⁇ m to 250 ⁇ m. It may be preferable for the positive electrode layers to be somewhat thicker than the negative electrode layers, since the latter often have a higher energy density. Thus, in some applications, it may be preferable to form the negative electrode layers with a thickness of 30 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m and the positive electrode layers with a thickness of 180 ⁇ m to 350 ⁇ m. Leave by adjusting the thicknesses the capacities of the positive and negative electrodes are balanced. In this regard, it is preferred that the positive electrode be oversized relative to the negative electrode.
- the battery according to the invention is characterized by at least one of the immediately following additional features a. and b. distinguishes: a.
- the battery includes a housing that encloses the individual cells and includes a first and a second housing interior, wherein a first and a second electrically insulating substrate are part of the housing and the first housing interior is a surface of the first electrically insulating substrate and the second housing interior is a surface of the second electrically insulating substrate.
- the first and the second electrically insulating substrate are foils or components of a foil.
- the battery according to the invention including the housing, has a maximum thickness in the range of a few millimeters, particularly preferably in the range from 0.5 mm to 5 mm, more preferably in the range from 1 mm to 3 mm.
- Your other dimensions depend on the number of electrically connected individual cells and their dimensions.
- a battery with four cells connected in series can, for example, have a length of 5 to 20 cm and a width of 4 to 18 cm.
- the battery according to the invention is a printed battery.
- a printed battery is understood to mean a battery in which at least some of the functional parts of the individual zinc-manganese dioxide cells that form the battery are formed by printing, for example, a printing paste onto a carrier or substrate, in particular by means of a screen printing process. This has already been described above with further details in connection with the characteristics of the individual cells. At least the electrode layers and the electrical conductor structures are preferably printed. If necessary, the separators of the individual cells can also be formed by a printing process, as has already been described above.
- the invention also includes a method for producing an electrochemical zinc-manganese dioxide cell.
- the method according to the invention for producing an electrochemical zinc-manganese dioxide cell is in principle comparable to conventional methods for producing such cells, with the difference being that the first electrical conductor structure and/or the second electrical conductor structure, which electrically connect the electrodes, are designed in such a way that they only cover a proportion of 10% to 80% and preferably 10% to 70%, preferably 10 to 60%, of the respective area of the electrically insulating substrate on which the electrode layers are applied or which are covered by the electrode layers.
- the electrical conductor structures are expediently metallic structures that are applied to the electrically insulating substrate in a particularly advantageous manner by a printing process.
- the materials for applying the electrical conductor structures for example corresponding printing pastes, contain silver or a silver alloy.
- the next step is to apply the electrode layers, which are either applied directly to the electrical conductor structures or with an intermediate carbon layer, which is applied as a separate layer to the electrical conductor structures can be applied to be applied.
- the electrode layers are followed by a separator layer which is applied to one or both electrode layers.
- a layer stack can be formed, for example, in such a way that the electrical conductor structures and the electrode layers are applied next to one another on a common electrically insulating substrate and the substrate is then folded together, for example along a fold line, so that the corresponding layers come to rest on top of one another.
- the electrolyte is impregnated, for example, by soaking the separator or by application introduced a gel electrolyte into the cell, as is known per se.
- the electrical conductor structures and the electrode layers are preferably applied by means of a printing process, in particular by means of screen printing.
- the separator can also be applied by a printing process.
- a fleece or foil separator can be arranged between the electrode layers.
- a printing process for the separator is particularly preferred, since this is particularly advantageous in terms of automating the manufacturing process.
- a layer of the electrolyte with a paste-like consistency is arranged between the separator and the electrode layers.
- the electrolyte can be printed onto the electrode layers, for example, before the layer stack is formed.
- the printed layer of the electrolyte paste can have a thickness of 30 to 70 ⁇ m, for example.
- the electrolyte paste can be printed, for example, in such a way that the electrolyte paste is then located on both sides of the separator, which separates the positive and negative electrode layers from one another.
- the separators optionally applied to the first negative electrode layer or the second positive electrode layer or the second negative electrode or the first positive electrode are areas of a porous sheet material that are separated from one another, for example areas that are separated from one another a microporous polyolefin film.
- sealing frames are preferably formed or arranged on the electrically insulating substrate, which enclose the electrode areas. These sealing frames ensure that liquid applied to the electrodes does not run on the substrate. Possible embodiments of the sealing frame and variants for its formation are known from EP 3477 727 A1.
- the sealing frame is preferably formed from an adhesive mass which can be applied using a printing process.
- any adhesive can be processed here, the one opposite is resistant to the electrolyte used in each case and can form sufficient adhesion to the carrier or substrate.
- the sealing frame can be formed from a dissolved polymer composition, for the solidification of which the solvent contained is removed.
- the sealing frame from a heat-activatable film, in particular a fusible film or a self-adhesive film.
- Printing pastes that can be used to produce the electrode layers and the conductor structures preferably also contain a volatile solvent or suspension agent in addition to the respective solid components. Ideally, this is water.
- the printing pastes preferably contain all particulate components with particle sizes of at most 50 ⁇ m.
- the electrical conductor structures can be coated with an electrically conductive layer of carbon (carbon layer) before the electrode layers are applied, in order to protect the conductor structures from direct contact with the electrolyte.
- the carbon layer can also be printed on.
- paste compositions are particularly preferably used to produce the electrode layers and the electrolyte layers, preferably in combination with one another:
- Emulsifier e.g. CMC 1 - 5% by weight
- Binder elastic (e.g. SBR) 5 - 10% by weight
- Solvent e.g. water 15 - 20% by weight
- a paste for the negative electrode layer particularly preferably has the following composition
- Paste for the positive electrode layer Manganese dioxide 50 - 70% by weight
- Conductive material e.g. graphite, carbon black 5 - 8% by weight
- Emulsifier e.g. CMC 2 - 8% by weight
- Binder, elastic e.g. SBR 8 - 15% by weight
- Solvent e.g. water 20 - 30% by weight
- the paste for the positive electrode layer particularly preferably has the following composition:
- Zinc chloride 2% by weight
- Floating agents e.g. silicon oxide powder 2 - 4% by weight
- Mineral particles e.g. CaCO 3 ) 10 - 20% by weight
- Solvent e.g. water 40 - 55% by weight
- the electrolyte paste particularly preferably has the following composition:
- proportions of the individual components in the pastes add up to 100% by weight.
- the proportions of the non-volatile components in the electrodes can be calculated from the corresponding percentages of the pastes.
- the proportions of zinc and the elastic binder in a negative electrode sheet prepared from the above paste range from 81.25% to 92.94% by weight (zinc) and 5.62% to 13.16% by weight % by weight (elastic binder).
- the proportions of manganese dioxide and the elastic binder in a positive electrode sheet made of the above paste range from 61.72% to 82.35% by weight (manganese dioxide) and 8.51% and 20.83% by weight (elastic binder).
- the electrolyte paste is preferably used in combination with a microporous polyolefin film (e.g. PE) as a separator with a thickness in the range from 60 to 120 ⁇ m and a porosity of 35 - 60%.
- the layer thickness of the electrolyte paste on the electrodes and/or the separator is preferably about 50 ⁇ m.
- the negative electrode layer is preferably printed as a layer with a thickness of 30 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m, particularly with a thickness of 70 ⁇ m.
- the positive electrode layer is preferably printed as a layer with a thickness of 180 to 350 ⁇ m, particularly with a thickness of 280 ⁇ m.
- At least one of the immediately following additional features and/or steps a. and b. intended: a.
- the first and the second surface of the electrically insulating substrate are different areas of one and the same carrier or substrate.
- the carrier with the printed and/or otherwise applied functional parts is folded over, so that the electrical conductor structures form a stack with the electrode layers and the other functional parts, with a closed container being formed by the folding and subsequent welding and/or gluing is, in which the layer stack is arranged.
- layer stacks with the negative electrode/separator/positive electrode sequence are preferably formed. This can preferably be done in that the electrode layers of a cell are printed side by side on the carrier and the carrier is turned over or folded in such a way that the electrode layers and the associated separator overlay each individual cell.
- the carrier encloses the stack of layers that has been formed on at least three sides after it has been folded over.
- a closed container can be formed by welding and/or gluing the remaining sides. Gluing is also an option, in particular, if the area of the negative electrode layer and the area of the positive electrode layer have previously been surrounded by the mentioned adhesive frame. In this case, the sealing frame can bring about the adhesion.
- the invention includes a method for producing a battery which is constructed from a plurality of electrochemical zinc-manganese dioxide cells.
- the method for producing a battery with several zinc-manganese dioxide cells can be carried out with the same number of publications as a method for producing a single cell.
- the production process for an individual cell can be adapted in such a way that several zinc-manganese dioxide cells can be produced with the same number of publications, which are connected to form a battery, in particular two or more individual cells electrically connected in series.
- the production of batteries with three, four or more individual cells electrically connected in series requires the provision of additional electrode layers, separators and electrical conductor structures.
- the method of manufacturing a battery does not require any additional steps. For example, all electrical conductor structures can be printed in one process step, regardless of their number. The same applies to the electrode layers and the electrolyte layers.
- the electrical conductor structures which according to the invention are not formed over the entire surface and which can have the structures described in detail above, are formed in such a way that they connect adjacent layer stacks, each of which forms an individual cell, with one another either on the anodic side or connect to the cathodic side of the respective layer stack.
- the individual layer stacks are connected to one another by common conductor structures.
- the electrical conductor structures which are located at the ends of the series-connected layer stacks, are advantageously designed as battery poles.
- 1 shows a schematic top view of a battery with three individual cells connected in series with a coplanar arrangement of the electrodes; 2 cross-section through a battery with four individual cells connected in series with stacked electrode layers (layer stack);
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic top view of a battery 100 with three electrochemical cells 110 connected in series, the electrodes 120, 130 of which are applied to an electrically insulating substrate 140 in a coplanar arrangement, ie next to one another. By connecting the individual cells 110 in series, the individual voltages add up.
- the electrical conductor structures are located below the layered electrodes 120, 130 in a manner that is not visible here. According to the invention, the electrical conductor structures are formed in a non-full-area form and with a proportion of the coverage of the underlying substrate surface of 10% to 80%.
- the electrical conductor structures were preferably applied in the form of electrically conductive pastes, in particular with a silver paste, in a printing process with the desired structure, as explained in more detail below.
- the conductor structures can also be applied to the substrate 140 or the carrier by appropriately structured, thin, electrically conductive metal foils or plastic foils filled with conductive materials, for example by cold or hot bonding of these foils.
- the conductor structures can also be produced by a metallization process with formation of the desired structures.
- the electrode layers 120 and 130 are applied to the conductor structures, the electrode layers preferably being applied by a printing process in a manner known per se using appropriate pastes.
- a gel-like electrolyte 150 is located above the electrodes 120, 130, which is fixed, for example, with a network structure or a fleece 160.
- the electrolyte 150 with the fleece 160 covers the active electrode material of the positive and negative electrodes 120, 130.
- the individual cells 110 or the entire battery can be covered with a further plastic film so that a tightly fitting housing for the individual cells 110 is formed.
- the electrodes 120, 130 of the individual cells 110 are connected to one another in series via electrical conductors 170, with the positive terminal contact 180 and the negative terminal contact 180 of the battery 100 being connected via the external electrodes 120 or 130 or via the electrical conductor structures located underneath .
- Fig. 2 illustrates a particularly preferred embodiment of the battery 100 according to the invention with a stacked arrangement of the electrode layers 120, 130 of the individual cells 110 of the battery 100.
- the battery 100 shown here in cross section comprises four individual cells 110 designed as a layer stack.
- the layer stack of the cell 110 on the left is formed from bottom to top by a first electrical conductor structure 101, a carbon layer 103 arranged thereon, a second electrode layer 130 with negative electrode material, an electrolyte layer 150, a separator layer 160, a further electrolyte layer 150, a first electrode layer 120 made of positive electrode material, a further carbon layer 103 and a second conductor structure 102 is formed.
- the second electrode layer 130 with the negative electrode material of the first electrical conductor structure 101 and the first electrode layer 120 with the positive electrode material of the second electrical conductor structure 102 assigned.
- the polarities of the adjacent layer stack are reversed in each case.
- the electrical conductor structures 101 and 102 are respectively located on a first and second surface of an electrically insulating substrate 140 which forms the casing or housing of the battery 100.
- the respective layers of one half of the stack are first applied to electrically insulating substrate 140, which is spread out flat, in particular by printing methods.
- the stacks of the individual cells 110 are then assembled by folding or folding over the electrically insulating substrate 140 along the fold line 141 .
- the electrically insulating substrate 140 can be welded or glued, for example, and thus form a closed housing in which the layer stacks of the individual cells 110 are arranged.
- the separator 160 is framed on both sides by the electrolyte layers 150 . Since the electrolyte layers 150 contribute to electrically isolating the positive electrode layer 120 and the negative electrode layer 130 from one another due to their proportion of electrically non-conductive components, the electrolyte layers 150 can be regarded as components of the separator 160 .
- the first and second electrical conductor structures 101 and 102 of the respective layer stacks are formed in such a way that one of the electrical conductor structures connects two adjacent layer stacks to one another.
- the second electrical conductor structure 101 connects the two middle layer stacks to one another.
- the respective second electrical conductor structures 101 or connections connected thereto form the negative pole and the positive pole of the battery or the connection contacts to the outside.
- the electrical conductor structures 101 are not covered with electrode material. The voltage supplied by the battery 100 can be tapped from the outside via the connection contacts.
- the orientation of the layer stacks forming the individual cells 110 in adjacent layer stacks is formed with opposite polarity in each case.
- the electrical conductor structures 101, 102 are to be understood alternately as either the first or the second electrical conductor structure in the sense of the above statements.
- the negative terminal of the battery 100 is therefore indicated on the left-hand side in this illustration of one of the electrical conductor structures with the reference number 101 formed.
- the positive pole of the battery is also formed on the right-hand side in this illustration by one of the electrical conductor structures, also with reference number 101 .
- each of the cells 110 can supply a nominal voltage of around 1.5 V. Overall, therefore, a nominal voltage of approximately 6 V can be provided with the battery 100 made up of four cells.
- the battery 100 shown in FIG. 3 differs from the battery 100 shown in FIG. 2 only in that the individual cells 110 of the battery according to the invention have a porous sheet structure as a common separator 160 instead of several separators.
- the common separator 160 has four areas that are separated from one another and via which the oppositely polarized electrode layers 120, 130 of the four layer stacks are connected.
- the use of a common separator 160 can significantly simplify the production of the battery 100 according to the invention, in particular if the separator used is not a printed separator layer but a fleece or a film or something similar.
- the structuring of the first and second electrical conductor structures 101, 102 according to the invention cannot be seen in the representations of FIGS. This is where the batteries 100 according to the invention differ from conventional batteries. Due to the non-full-area formation of the first and second electrical conductor structures 101, 102 according to the invention, the invention allows a material saving, in particular a material saving of silver-containing paste for the formation of the conductor structures, without causing a significant deterioration in the performance of the respective cell or battery. Specific preferred configurations of these structures in the formation of the first and second electrical conductor structures of the cells result from FIGS. 4 to 7 explained below.
- FIGS. 4 to 7 each show the electrical conductor structures according to the invention in a battery made up of four individual cells 110 connected in series with one another, each with a stacked arrangement of the electrodes, comparable to the design of battery 100 as explained with reference to FIGS.
- the representation (A) shown on the left in each case in FIGS. 4 to 7 corresponds to a view of a battery according to FIG. 2 from below, also referred to as the front side.
- Representation (B) on the right-hand side of each of FIGS. 4 to 7 shows a view of a battery according to FIG. 2 from above, also referred to as the rear. 4 to 7 each show only the electrical conductor structures of the individual cells 110 of the respective battery with an indication of the positive pole and the negative pole.
- the two middle cells 110 are through a common conductor structure interconnected.
- the two left and the two right cells 110 are connected to one another by a shared conductor structure.
- connection contacts 180 or the plus and minus poles of the respective battery are located on the front side of the battery (view A) or on the bottom side in the illustration according to FIG. 2 .
- the areas of the battery that are each covered by a cell 110 within the battery are each approximately 20 mm wide, for example.
- the length of the individual cells 110 can be 10 cm or 11 cm, for example.
- FIG. 4 shows a prong structure of the electrical conductor structures, a central conductor track 111 being provided on a common base of the conductor fingers 112 of the conductor structure of a cell 110, each designed as prongs.
- the conductor structures In the vicinity of the central conductor tracks 111 and thus also in the vicinity of the connection contacts 180, the conductor structures have the greatest width, so that there is no bottleneck for the ion current at these points, since the maximum current flow is to be expected here.
- the central conductor track 111 runs as a common conductor track on the front of the battery (see partial figure A).
- the central conductor tracks 111 on the front of the battery merge into the connecting contacts 180, which form the negative and positive poles of the battery. In these areas, the electrical conductor structures are not covered with electrode material.
- the two individual cells 110 on the left and the two individual cells on the right are each connected to one another with a central conductor track 111 of the conductor structures, from which the serrated conductor fingers 112 protrude on both sides in order to contact the electrode layers.
- the serrated conductor fingers 112 become linearly narrower or taper as the distance from the central conductor track 111 increases.
- the embodiment shown here with a certain number of prongs or conductor fingers is of course only to be understood as an example and can be adapted to the respective applications.
- the dimensions of such an embodiment of a battery can be, for example, 80 mm (4 x 20 mm per individual cell 110) x 100 mm.
- the degree of coverage by the electrical conductor structure on the underlying area of the electrically insulating substrate can be between 50% and 60%, for example.
- FIG. 5 shows a further preferred embodiment of the electrical conductor structure according to the invention, a comb structure being formed in the individual conductor structures of the cells 110 here.
- the “tines” of the comb designed as conductor fingers 112 and protruding at a right angle from the central conductor track 111, preferably run parallel and have a constant width.
- the central conductor tracks 111 of the two outer cells 110 on the front side of the battery merge into the connecting contacts 180 to form the poles of the battery.
- the two middle cells 110 of the battery are connected to one another on the front side (see partial figure A) via a common central conductor track.
- the two outer cells 110 are electrically connected to one another via a common central conductor track 111 .
- the dimensions of such a battery can be, for example, 80 mm (4 x 20 mm per individual cell) x 110 mm.
- the width of the central conductor tracks 111 can be 20 mm each, for example, and the width of the protruding conductor fingers 112 or the teeth of the comb can be 2 mm, with a distance of 8 mm between the individual conductor fingers 112.
- the coverage by these conductor structures can be, for example, in a range between 20% and 30% of the area of the underlying electrically insulating substrate.
- the internal resistance of a battery with a comb structure may be higher.
- this embodiment has the particular advantage of a significantly higher material saving potential.
- the rear of the battery see sub-figure B
- all of the lead fingers 112 are oriented similarly to the lead fingers 112 of the two middle cells 110 on the front.
- the two cells 110 on the right and the two cells on the left are each electrically connected to one another by a central conductor track 111 on the back (partial figure B).
- the respective conductor fingers 112 protrude at a right angle.
- the opposing conductor structures (i.e. at the top and bottom of the respective layer stacks) of the two outer cells 110 are offset at a right angle to one another, whereas the opposing conductor structures of the two middle cells 110 are offset at an angle of 180° to one another .
- grid-like structures can be provided as electrical conductor structures.
- FIG. 6 shows an embodiment in which a diamond structure is provided as the first and second electrical conductor structure of the respective cells 110 .
- the conductor structures 101 of the two outer cells 110 are designed in such a way that they merge into the connection contacts 180, which form the poles of the battery.
- a common conductor structure 110 is provided for interconnecting the two middle layer stacks of the cells.
- the angle in the conductor structures 101 of the two outer cells is narrower than in the common conductor structure 101 of the two middle cells 110.
- the two outer cells 110 each have a common conductor structure 102 in Connected to each other in a diamond shape, in this exemplary embodiment this diamond structure of the common conductor structure 102 on the rear side of the common conductor structure of the two middle cells 110 on the front side.
- the overall coverage of the electrode surfaces is generally more even in comparison, in particular with the comb structure from FIG. 5, so that such embodiments generally result in a higher capacity in the resulting battery.
- FIG. 7 shows a further embodiment in which the electrical conductor structures 101, 102 are formed with rectangular free areas, ie a rectangular structure.
- the conductor structures of the outer cells 110 are designed on the front side of the resulting battery (partial figure A) in such a way that they fit into the connection contacts 180 go over or that here corresponding connection contacts 180 are connected to form the poles of the cell.
- the two middle cells 110 on the front side (partial figure A) of the battery are constructed in a manner comparable to the embodiment of FIG. 6 with a common conductor structure with rectangular free areas. The same applies to the conductor structures 102 on the back (partial figure B) of the battery, which electrically interconnect the two cells 110 arranged on the right and the two cells 110 on the left.
- Both the rectangular structure (FIG. 7) and the rhombic structure (FIG. 6) are characterized, among other things, by the fact that the width of the intersecting conductor tracks is essentially constant over the surface. Depending on the application, however, it can also be provided that individual conductor tracks are made wider than other conductor tracks.
- the embodiment with rectangular free areas as in FIG. 6 offers a particularly high potential for material savings.
- the dimensions of a battery with a grid structure can be 80 mm (4 ⁇ 20 mm per individual cell) ⁇ 111 mm, for example.
- the positive electrode is equipped with a conductor structure which tends to enable better conductivity or dissipation of the ion currents than the conductor structure of the anode or the negative electrode, since the anode itself generally has a better one has conductivity.
- FIG 8 illustrates the conductor structures of four batteries according to the invention, only the respective conductor structures for the four cells connected in series being shown, comparable with the views of FIGS. 4-7.
- Partial figure A shows a serrated structure.
- Subfigure B shows a comb structure.
- Subfigure C shows a diamond structure.
- Subfigure D shows a rectangular structure.
- Table 1 Measurement results of four conventional batteries with full-surface formation of the conductor structures (type X)
- Table 2 Measurement results of three batteries according to the invention with a comb structure in the conductor structures (type B)
- Type 8 illustrates these measurement results in graphical form.
- the individual bars represent individual batteries of one type each.
- Type X designates the batteries with conventional, full-surface design of the conductor structures.
- Type B designates the batteries with a comb structure in the conductor structures.
- Type C designates the batteries with a diamond structure in the conductor structures.
- Type D designates the batteries with a rectangular structure in the conductor structures.
- the measurement results show that the conductor structures according to the invention do not cause any significant losses in the runtime of the batteries or in the number of messages that can be sent by the batteries according to the invention during their runtime compared to a full-surface design of the conductor structures.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE202021105203.1U DE202021105203U1 (de) | 2021-09-28 | 2021-09-28 | Elektrochemische Zink-Braunstein-Zelle mit schichtförmigem Aufbau und Batterie |
| PCT/EP2022/074625 WO2023052048A2 (de) | 2021-09-28 | 2022-09-05 | Elektrochemische zink-braunstein-zelle mit schichtförmigem aufbau und batterie |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4409650A2 true EP4409650A2 (de) | 2024-08-07 |
Family
ID=83438438
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22776891.8A Withdrawn EP4409650A2 (de) | 2021-09-28 | 2022-09-05 | Elektrochemische zink-braunstein-zelle mit schichtförmigem aufbau und batterie |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4409650A2 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE202021105203U1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2023052048A2 (de) |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102005017682A1 (de) | 2005-04-08 | 2006-10-12 | Varta Microbattery Gmbh | Galvanisches Element |
| DE102010018071A1 (de) | 2010-04-20 | 2011-10-20 | Varta Microbattery Gmbh | Druckbarer Elektrolyt |
| DE102010023092A1 (de) | 2010-05-31 | 2011-12-01 | Varta Microbattery Gmbh | Batterie, Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Batterie und Schaltung mit einer Batterie |
| EP2960967B1 (de) | 2014-06-25 | 2016-11-02 | VARTA Microbattery GmbH | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Elektroden-Festelektrolyt-Verbundes |
| KR101782973B1 (ko) * | 2016-02-19 | 2017-09-28 | (주)플렉스파워 | 고출력 인쇄 전지 |
| AU2018202147A1 (en) * | 2017-04-19 | 2018-11-29 | Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Inc. | Flexible micro-battery |
| EP3477727B1 (de) | 2017-10-25 | 2021-01-20 | VARTA Microbattery GmbH | Energiespeichervorrichtung und herstellungsverfahren |
| US20220069286A1 (en) * | 2019-01-07 | 2022-03-03 | Urban Electric Power Inc. | Polymer embedded electrodes for batteries |
-
2021
- 2021-09-28 DE DE202021105203.1U patent/DE202021105203U1/de active Active
-
2022
- 2022-09-05 EP EP22776891.8A patent/EP4409650A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2022-09-05 WO PCT/EP2022/074625 patent/WO2023052048A2/de not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2023052048A3 (de) | 2023-09-14 |
| WO2023052048A2 (de) | 2023-04-06 |
| DE202021105203U1 (de) | 2023-01-03 |
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