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  • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
  • D06N3/0056—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the compounding ingredients of the macro-molecular coating
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  • D06M15/01—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with natural macromolecular compounds or derivatives thereof
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  • D06M15/01—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with natural macromolecular compounds or derivatives thereof
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  • D06M15/01—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with natural macromolecular compounds or derivatives thereof
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  • D06M15/01—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with natural macromolecular compounds or derivatives thereof
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  • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
  • D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D06M15/263—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acids; Salts or esters thereof
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  • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
  • D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D06M15/285—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acid amides or imides
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  • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
  • D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D06M15/327—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated alcohols or esters thereof
  • D06M15/333—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated alcohols or esters thereof of vinyl acetate; Polyvinylalcohol
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  • D06M23/00—Treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, characterised by the process
  • D06M23/08—Processes in which the treating agent is applied in powder or granular form
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  • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
  • D06N3/02—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with cellulose derivatives
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  • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
  • D06N3/04—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D06N3/042—Acrylic polymers
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  • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
  • D06N3/12—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins
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  • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
  • D06N3/12—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins
  • D06N3/125—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins with polyamides
  • D06N3/126—Poly-amino acids, e.g. polyglutamates
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  • D06M2400/00—Specific information on the treatment or the process itself not provided in D06M23/00-D06M23/18
  • D06M2400/02—Treating compositions in the form of solgel or aerogel
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  • D06N2209/00—Properties of the materials
  • D06N2209/06—Properties of the materials having thermal properties
  • D06N2209/065—Insulating

Definitions

• the invention relates to a thermal insulation material for electrochemical cells, in particular for lithium-ion cells, an electrochemical cell, preferably a lithium-ion cell, which is thermally insulated by a thermal insulation material according to the invention, and a cell module and/or a battery system in which at least two electrochemical cells are thermally insulated from one another by a thermal insulation material according to the invention.
• the invention further relates to methods for producing the thermal insulation material and its use.
• Thermal insulation materials to prevent or at least delay thermal runaway for electrochemical cells are known. Thermal runaway represents a high safety risk. Safety standards for lithium-ion batteries therefore also include a fire test. In this test, a cell in a battery module is exposed to thermal runaway and then it is determined whether ignition occurs as a result of thermal spread to other cells. To reduce this risk, fire-resistant materials or thermal insulation materials, i.e. materials with high thermal insulation properties, are usually placed between the cells.
• thermal insulation materials such as foam or fiberboard can withstand high temperatures but have relatively low thermal insulation capacity. With such materials, the thickness of the insulation must therefore be set high to ensure effective thermal management.
• space requirements of battery modules limit the space available for insulation between cells within the module.
• Refractory materials such as mica or ceramic boards can also withstand high temperatures but are relatively incompressible and have low thermal insulation capacity. Such materials are therefore not suitable for battery systems in which the cells expand and contract during operation, such as pouch and prismatic cells.
• Aerogels which have a very high insulating capacity. Aerogels are a class of structures with low density, open cell structures, large surfaces and pore sizes in the nanometer range. Their mode of action is based on the fact that their low density causes heat conduction over long distances within the framework structure. In addition, the large pore volumes and very small pore sizes lead to minimal convection. Aerogels can also be provided with IR-absorbing or scattering dopants to increase the insulating effect. As a rule, aerogel materials have a thermal resistance that is two to six times higher than other common types of insulation, e.g. foams, glass fibers, etc. For this reason, aerogels can increase the effective shielding and thermal insulation without significantly increasing the thickness or weight of the insulation.
• thermal insulation material for the thermal management of electrochemical cells, in particular lithium-ion batteries, which is suitable for the thermal insulation of individual cells, cell modules and/or battery systems and which combines high thermal insulation capacity with low thickness and weight. For sustainability reasons, it would also be desirable for the thermal insulation material to be easily recyclable.
• a battery thermal management element comprising: a first thermal protection layer and at least one elastic layer containing one or more organic materials.
• the thermal protection layers can comprise an aerogel composition, which is preferably a silica aerogel composition.
• the aerogel composition can further contain a binder, adhesives, resins, cements, foams and polymers being mentioned as binders.
• the thermal management element is not easily recyclable.
• the thermally insulating layer can contain a nonwoven fabric, for example made of fiberglass, combined with an aerogel and a binder.
• Binders for the fiberglass layer include epoxy, a polyamide, a polyimide, a polyester such as poly(butylene terephthalate), a polyethylene, a polypropylene, a polystyrene, a polycarbonate, a polysulfone, a polyurethane, a silicone and a vinyl ester.
• the layer is not easily recyclable.
• Aerogel-based thermal insulation materials such as the Aerogel Blanket: Type: SACB-0-6, from Tradematt (Henan) Industry, or the Nasbis Insulation Sheet: EYGY0912QN3P from Panasonic Industrial Devices, also have the disadvantage of producing dust. For this reason, the Nasbis Insulation Sheet is packaged, which, however, leads to reduced compressibility.
• the invention is based on the object of providing a thermal insulation material for the thermal management of electrochemical cells, in particular lithium-ion cells, cell modules and/or battery systems, which is suitable for thermal insulation for the aforementioned products and can combine high thermal insulation capacity with low thickness and weight. Furthermore, the thermal insulation material should be easily recyclable and meet the requirements placed on electrochemical cells with regard to dynamic mechanical resistance and thermal insulation capacity under compression. Further objects include the provision of methods for producing the thermal insulation material and uses thereof.
• a thermal insulation material for electrochemical cells preferably for lithium-ion cells, for cell modules and/or battery systems, comprising a thermally insulating layer which comprises a first textile fabric, wherein the first textile fabric has a coating which contains aerogel particles and at least one binder, wherein the binder is at least partially water-soluble.
• the thermal insulation material according to the invention is ideally suited for thermal insulation of electrochemical cells, preferably for lithium-ion cells, for cell modules and/or battery systems and exhibits high thermal insulation capacity even with low thickness and weight.
• Cell modules comprise at least two electrochemical cells connected to one another but no battery management system.
• Battery systems comprise at least one electrochemical cell and/or at least one cell module and a battery management system.
• the thermal insulation material meets the requirements placed on electrochemical cells in terms of dynamic mechanical resistance and thermal insulation capacity under compression.
• the thermal insulation material is characterized by good recyclability.
• the good recyclability is made possible by the fact that the thermal insulation material can be easily broken down into its components by adding it to water or other suitable solvents, for example, due to the at least partial water solubility of the binder. Due to their low density, the aerogel particles float after the binder has dissolved. on the surface of the water and can be easily skimmed off, dried and reused.
• Another advantage of the combination of aerogels and at least partially water-soluble binders is the large surface area of aerogels. This enables thin binder layers that can be dissolved particularly quickly by water.
• the binder is advantageously at least partially water-soluble. Whether a binder is at least partially water-soluble according to the invention can be determined using the water solubility measurement described in the Measurement Methods chapter.
• At least partially water-soluble binders may contain a single at least partially water-soluble polymer or a mixture of at least partially water-soluble polymers.
• the at least partially water-soluble binder is selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl acetate, preferably partially saponified polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, acrylate copolymer, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethyleneimine, polyalkylene oxide, polyacrylamide, polyacrylic acid and salts thereof, polycarbonic acid and salts thereof, polyamino acid, modified starch, ethoxylated starch, hydroxypropylated starch, modified cellulose, such as cellulose ethers, cellulose esters, cellulose amide, pullulan, guar gum, gum arabic, xanthan, carrageenan, cellulose, gelatin and salts thereof, dextrin, maltodextrin and copolymers and blends thereof.
• polyvinyl acetate preferably partially saponified polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, acrylate copolymer, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethyleneimine, polyal
• the at least partially water-soluble binder is selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl acetate, partially saponified polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, cellulose-based binder, preferably methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, ethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, and chemically modified starch, in particular ethoxylated starch, hydroxypropylated starch and copolymers and blends thereof.
• the at least partially water-soluble binder is particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl acetate, partially saponified polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, cellulose-based binder, preferably methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, ethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, and chemically modified starch, in particular ethoxylated starch, hydroxypropylated starch and blends thereof.
• the at least partially water-soluble binder is selected from the group consisting of partially saponified polyvinyl acetate, preferably with a degree of saponification of at least 50 mol%, for example 50 to 100 mol%, in particular 70 to 100 mol%, polyvinyl alcohol, methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, ethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, ethoxylated starch, hydroxypropylated starch and copolymers and blends thereof.
• the at least partially water-soluble binder is selected from the group consisting of partially saponified polyvinyl acetate, preferably with a degree of saponification of at least 50 mol%, for example 50 to 100 mol%, in particular 70 to 100 mol%, polyvinyl alcohol, methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, ethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, ethoxylated starch and hydroxypropylated starch and blends thereof.
• the at least partially water-soluble binder is particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of partially saponified polyvinyl acetate, preferably with a degree of saponification of at least 50 mol%, for example 50 to 100 mol%, in particular 70 to 100 mol%, polyvinyl alcohol and copolymers and blends thereof.
• the at least partially water-soluble binder is selected from the group consisting of partially saponified polyvinyl acetate, preferably with a degree of saponification of at least 50 mol%, for example 50 to 100 mol%, in particular 70 to 100 mol%, polyvinyl alcohol and blends thereof.
• the at least partially water-soluble binder is partially saponified polyvinyl acetate, preferably with a degree of saponification of at least 50 mol%, for example 50 to 100 mol%, in particular 70 to 100 mol% and/or polyvinyl alcohol.
• the degree of saponification of polyvinyl acetate can be determined using IS K 6726, Issue 94, October 20, 2017.
• Polyvinyl alcohol is a synthetic polymer that can be produced by the hydrolysis or saponification of polyvinyl acetate.
• PVOH can be produced by complete hydrolysis or saponification of polyvinyl acetate by converting all acetate groups into alcohol groups.
• Polyvinyl alcohol can be considered as a vinyl alcohol homopolymer.
• PVOH has many hydrogen bonds, it is a highly crystalline polymer that dissolves in hot water above about 60°C.
• partially saponified polyvinyl acetate In partially saponified polyvinyl acetate there are fewer hydrogen bonds than in polyvinyl alcohol. The polymer is less hydrogen-bonded, less crystalline and soluble in cold water. As such, the partially saponified polyvinyl acetate can also be regarded as a vinyl alcohol-vinyl acetate copolymer.
• a preferred partially saponified polyvinyl acetate contains only vinyl alcohol groups and vinyl acetate groups.
• the coating described here can contain one or more polyvinyl alcohols, one or more partially saponified polyvinyl acetates or a combination thereof as a binder.
• the binder contains polyvinyl alcohol and/or partially saponified polyvinyl acetate.
• the binder comprises a polyvinyl alcohol copolymer and/or a copolymer of a partially saponified polyvinyl acetate.
• Polyvinyl alcohol copolymers contain at least one further monomer unit in addition to the vinyl alcohol groups.
• Copolymers of partially saponified polyvinyl acetate contain at least one additional monomer unit in addition to the vinyl alcohol groups and the vinyl acetate groups.
• the polyvinyl alcohol copolymer and/or the copolymer of partially saponified polyvinyl acetate has at least one neutral further monomer unit, in particular ethylene, propylene and/or N-vinylpyrrolidone.
• the polyvinyl alcohol copolymer and/or the copolymer of partially saponified polyvinyl acetate has at least one further cationic monomer unit.
• the polyvinyl alcohol copolymer and/or the copolymer of partially saponified polyvinyl acetate has at least one further anionic monomer unit, in particular vinyl polymerization units, sulfonic acid vinyl monomers and their esters, monocarboxylic acid vinyl monomers, their esters and anhydrides, dicarboxylic acid monomers with a polymerizable double bond, their esters, anhydrides and alkali metal salts of the aforementioned substances.
• anionic further monomer units are the vinyl polymerization units corresponding to the anionic vinyl monomers including vinyl acetic acid, maleic acid, monoalkyl maleate, dialkyl maleate, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, monoalkyl fumarate, dialkyl fumarate, itaconic acid, monoalkyl itaconate, dialkyl taconate, citraconic acid, monoalkyl citraconic acid, dialkyl citraconic acid, citraconic anhydride, mesaconic acid, monoalkyl mesaconate, dialkyl mesaconate, glutaconic acid, monoalkyl glutaconate, dialkyl glutaconate, glutaconic anhydride, alkyl acrylates, alkyl alkacrylates, vinyl sulfonic acid, sulfonic acid, allyl sulfonic acid, ethylene sulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-1-methylpropanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamide-2-methyl
• the polyvinyl alcohol copolymer and/or the partially saponified polyvinyl acetate copolymer may contain two or more types of additional monomer units selected from neutral, anionic and/or cationic monomer units.
• the coating described here may contain one or more of the described polymers as binders.
• thermal insulation material for electrochemical cells, preferably for lithium-ion cells, for cell modules and/or battery systems, comprising a thermally insulating layer which comprises a first textile fabric, wherein the first textile fabric has a coating which contains aerogel particles and a binder, wherein the binder is preferably at least partially water-soluble and wherein the binder is selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl acetate, preferably partially saponified polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, acrylate copolymer, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethyleneimine, polyalkylene oxide, polyacrylamide, polyacrylic acid and salts thereof, polycarbonic acid and salts thereof, polyamino acid, modified starch, ethoxylated starch, hydroxypropylated starch, modified cellulose, such as cellulose ethers, cellulose esters, cellulose amide, pullulan, guar gum, gum arabic, xanthan, carrageenan, cellulose
• Preferred binders of the thermal insulation material correspond to those described above with respect to the at least partially water-soluble binder.
• the aerogel particles preferably comprise inorganic, organic or inorganic-organic hybrid materials.
• Aerogels can be produced by forming a gel from a gelatinous substance, preferably Silica, is dried under extreme conditions. Aerogels in the broader sense, ie in the sense of "gel with air as a dispersant", are produced by drying a suitable gel.
• the term "aerogel” in this sense includes aerogels in the narrower sense and xerogels. A dried gel is referred to as an aerogel in the narrower sense if the liquid of the gel is removed at temperatures above the critical temperature and starting from pressures above the critical pressure. The advantage of this is that these special drying conditions ensure dimensional stability.
• the resulting gel is called a xerogel.
• aerogels that are not dried under critical conditions can also be used. With this procedure, the dimensional stability in the drying process can be maintained by functionalizing, preferably silanizing, the gel precursor surface (functionalized aerogels).
• functionalized aerogels are that they can be made hydrophobic through functionalization and thus absorb less moisture during use. In addition, they are more cost-effective than aerogels in the narrower sense, since they can be produced continuously.
• the aerogels according to the invention are aerogels in the sense of gel with air as a dispersant, i.e. aerogels in the broader sense.
• the shaping process of the aerogel is usually completed during the sol-gel transition. After the solid gel structure has formed, the external shape can usually only be changed by comminution, for example grinding, since the material is too brittle for any other form of processing.
• Preferred aerogel particles are made of silica.
• the aerogel particles preferably have a particle size distribution with a d50 value of 50 ⁇ m to 3 mm, more preferably from 200 ⁇ m to 3 mm and/or a d95 value of 50 ⁇ m to 10 mm, more preferably from 500 ⁇ m to 5 mm and in particular from 750 to 2.5 mm.
• the particle size distribution is measured according to DIN 66165-2:2016-08.
• the coating preferably has a proportion of aerogel particles of at least 60% by weight, for example from 60 to 95% by weight, more preferably from 60 to 90% by weight, even more preferably from 60 to 85% by weight and in particular from 60 to 80% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the coating.
• the thermal insulation material also preferably has a proportion of aerogel particles of 6 to 75% by weight, more preferably 10 to 70% by weight, more preferably 10 to 60% by weight, more preferably 15 to 55%, in each case based on the total weight of the thermal insulation material.
• the thermal insulation material comprises a first textile fabric that has a coating that contains aerogel particles and a binder.
• a coating is understood to mean that the aerogel particles and the binder at least partially cover at least one surface of the first textile fabric.
• the coating can also have penetrated at least partially into the first textile fabric.
• the coating can therefore also be present at least partially as an impregnation.
• the coating can be present on one or both surfaces of the first textile fabric. It is preferably present on just one surface, since the textile fabric can thus offer mechanical protection on the side facing away from the coating and/or act as an adhesive aid.
• the thermal insulation material has at least a second textile fabric.
• the second textile fabric can function as a protective layer.
• the second textile fabric is arranged on the side of the coating facing away from the first textile fabric. In this way, the textile fabrics on both sides of the coating offer mechanical protection.
• the coating can also have penetrated at least partially into the second textile fabric.
• the coating can therefore also be present at least partially as an impregnation in the second textile fabric. This offers the advantage of even better particle integration, since the particles can be "wedged" in the interfibre spaces.
• the second textile fabric is also preferably located at least partially outside the coating. This allows it to protect the thermal insulation material from mechanical stress.
• the proportion of aerogel particles is preferably at most 75% by weight, for example from 10 to 75% by weight, more preferably from 10 to 65% by weight, more preferably from 15 to 65% by weight, more preferably from 15 to 55% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the thermal insulation material.
• the proportion of aerogel particles is preferably at least 6% by weight, for example from 6 to 60% by weight, more preferably from 10 to 60% by weight, more preferably from 10 to 55% by weight, more preferably from 15 to 45% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the thermal insulation material.
• the coating can also contain one or more additional additives, for example fire protection additives, in particular additives based on organic nitrogen and/or phosphorus compounds.
• fire protection additives in particular additives based on organic nitrogen and/or phosphorus compounds.
• the coating may also contain wetting agents, for example to enable aqueous coating formulations with incompatible hydrophobic aerogels, rheology modifying additives such as acrylates, acrylamides, cellulosic systems, dispersing agents, dyes and/or defoamers.
• wetting agents for example to enable aqueous coating formulations with incompatible hydrophobic aerogels, rheology modifying additives such as acrylates, acrylamides, cellulosic systems, dispersing agents, dyes and/or defoamers.
• the first and/or the second textile fabric is a nonwoven fabric.
• a nonwoven fabric is a fabric made of fibers of limited length (staple fibers), continuous fibers (filaments) or cut yarns of any kind and of any origin, which have been assembled in some way to form a fleece (a fiber layer, a fiber pile) and connected to one another in some way; this excludes the crossing or entanglement of yarns, as occurs in weaving, knitting, lace making, braiding and the manufacture of tufted products.
• Nonwoven fabrics do not include include films and papers. Nonwovens are defined in the standard DIN 61210-2:1988-10.
• the first and/or the second textile fabric is a wet-laid nonwoven fabric.
• the advantage of this is that wet-laid nonwoven fabrics have a high isotropy and uniformity.
• the first and/or the second textile fabric is a nonwoven fabric, in particular a wet-laid nonwoven fabric, made of fibers with a staple length of 0.5 to 20 mm, more preferably 2 to 20 mm, more preferably 5 to 20 mm, more preferably 5 to 18 mm, in particular 8 to 15 mm.
• the diameter of the fibers is preferably 1 to 30 ⁇ m, more preferably 5 to 20 ⁇ m, in particular 7 to 15 ⁇ m.
• the first and/or the second textile fabric is also preferably a nonwoven fabric, in particular a wet nonwoven fabric, which is bound with a binder, in particular with an at least partially water-soluble binder.
• the water solubility of the binder can be determined analogously to that of the binder, as described in the chapter on measurement methods.
• the binder, in particular the at least partially water-soluble binder is preferably selected from the polymers described according to the invention in relation to the at least partially water-soluble binder.
• the first and/or the second textile fabric contains glass fibers.
• both the first and the second textile fabric contain glass fibers.
• the advantage of using glass fibers is that they sink to the bottom during the recycling process due to their high density and thus can be easily separated from the lighter aerogel particles.
• the proportion of glass fibers, based on the total weight of the thermal insulation material, is preferably 25 to 94 wt.%, even more preferably 35 to 85 wt.%, even more preferably 40 to 75 wt.% and in particular 50 to 65 wt.%.
• the proportion of glass fibers in the first textile fabric is further preferably 60 to 98 wt.%, even more preferably 70 to 95 wt.% and in particular 80 to 95 wt.%, based on the total weight of the first textile fabric.
• the proportion of glass fibers in the second textile fabric is further preferably 60 to 98 wt.%, even more preferably 70 to 95 wt.% and in particular 80 to 95 wt.%.
• the glass fibers are preferably staple fibers, preferably with an average fiber length of 2 to 20 mm, more preferably 5 to 18 mm, in particular 8 to 15 mm.
• the diameter of the glass fibers is preferably 1 to 30 ⁇ m, more preferably 5 to 20 ⁇ m, in particular 7 to 15 ⁇ m.
• the glass fibers of the aforementioned stacks can be used independently of one another for the first and/or second textile fabric.
• the first textile fabric is a nonwoven fabric, preferably a wet-laid nonwoven fabric.
• the second textile fabric is a nonwoven fabric, preferably a wet-laid nonwoven fabric.
• the first and the second textile fabrics can also independently of one another comprise fibers that are not glass fibers, in particular binding fibers and/or at least partially water-soluble fibers.
• Preferred binding fibers and/or at least partially water-soluble fibers are polyvinyl alcohol fibers and/or polyvinyl acetate fibers in which the polyvinyl acetate is partially saponified, preferably with a degree of saponification of at least 50 mol%, for example 50 to 100 mol%, in particular 70 to 100 mol%.
• a measurement to determine whether fibers are at least partially water-soluble is described in the chapter on measurement methods.
• the proportion of fibers that are not glass fibers, in particular of the at least partially water-soluble fibers, in the first textile fabric, based on the total weight of the first textile fabric is from 40 to 2 wt.%, more preferably from 30 to 4 wt.%, more preferably from 25 to 5 wt.%, in particular from 15 to 5 wt.%.
• the proportion of fibers that are not glass fibers, in particular of the at least partially water-soluble fibers, in the second textile fabric, based on the total weight of the second textile fabric is from 40 to 2 wt.%, more preferably from 30 to 4 wt.%, more preferably from 25 to 5 wt.%, in particular from 15 to 5 wt.%.
• the first and second textile fabrics independently contain both glass fibers and non-glass fibers in combination.
• At least partially water-soluble fibers may contain a single at least partially water-soluble polymer or a mixture of at least partially water-soluble polymers.
• Preferred non-glass fibers are fibers containing at least one polymer as described with respect to the at least partially water-soluble binder.
• the first textile fabric preferably has a basis weight measured according to ISO 9073-1:1989-07 in the range from 30 g/m 2 to 300 g/m 2 , more preferably in the range from 40 g/m 2 to 300 g/m 2 , in particular in the range from 50 g/m 2 to 250 g/m 2 .
• the advantage of this is that the first textile fabric has sufficient coverage to ensure good fiber-coating interaction and also has sufficient strength for further processing.
• the first textile fabric also preferably has a thickness, measured according to DIN EN ISO 9073-2:1997-02, in the range from 0.2 mm to 3.0 mm, even more preferably in the range from 0.3 mm to 2.5 mm, in particular in the range from 0.5 mm to 2.0 mm.
• the advantage of textile fabrics with a relatively low thickness is that they require little space.
• the advantage of textile fabrics with a rather higher thickness is that they are compressible and can compensate for thickness variations in battery cells.
• the coating is one that has been applied to the first textile fabric from a, preferably aqueous, dispersion.
• the dispersion preferably has a solids content in the range of 10 to 30% by weight, more preferably 15 to 25% by weight. The advantage of this is that a lot of solids can be applied at low viscosities with a relatively small amount of liquid phase.
• the second textile fabric preferably has a basis weight in the range of 30 g/m 2 to 300 g/m 2 , more preferably in the range of 40 g/m 2 to 300 g/m 2 , in particular in the range of 50 g/m 2 to 250 g/m 2 .
• the advantage of this is that the textile fabric has sufficient coverage to ensure good fiber-coating interaction and also has sufficient strength for further processing.
• the second textile fabric also preferably has a thickness, measured according to DIN EN ISO 9073-2:1997-02, in the range from 0.2 mm to 3.0 mm, preferably in the range from 0.3 mm to 2.5 mm, in particular in the range from 0.5 mm to 2.0 mm.
• the advantage of textile fabrics with a relatively low thickness is that they require little space.
• the advantage of textile fabrics with a relatively high thickness is that they are compressible and can compensate for thickness fluctuations in battery cells.
• the second textile fabric preferably has a low maximum tensile strength measured according to DIN EN ISO 9073-18:2008-08 so that the protected thermal insulation material is flexible.
• the maximum tensile strength of the second textile fabric is preferably in the range of 5 to 80 N/5cm, preferably in the range of 10 to 70 N/5cm and particularly preferably from 15 to 60 N/5cm.
• the second textile fabric has a tensile force, measured according to DIN EN ISO 9073-18:2008-08, at 1 percent elongation of 2 to 60 N/5cm, preferably in the range of 3 to 50 N/5cm, even more preferably from 5 to 45 N/5cm, more preferably from 10 to 45 N/5cm and in particular from 10 to 30 N/5cm.
• the advantage of this is that the strength is low at low elongations, so that the material retains a certain flexibility.
• the first textile fabric preferably has a maximum tensile strength, measured according to DIN EN ISO 9073-18:2008-08, of at least 30 N/5cm, preferably in the range from 30 to 1000 N/5cm, more preferably from 30 to 800 N/5cm, more preferably from 30 to 400 N/5cm, more preferably from 30 to 200 N/5cm, in particular from 30 to 100 N/5cm.
• the advantage of the minimum tensile strengths mentioned is that they give the thermal insulation material sufficient strength for processing.
• the thermal insulation material has a flame-retardant layer which preferably contains layered silicates, in particular mica.
• the flame-retardant layer preferably has a weight, measured according to ISO 9073-1:1989-07, of at least 50 g/m 2 , preferably from 60 to 500 g/m 2 , even more preferably from 60 to 300 g/m 2 , in particular from 70 to 150 g/m 2 .
• the flame-retardant layer is particularly preferably arranged in the thermal insulation material in such a way that it represents at least one outer surface of the thermal insulation material.
• the thermal insulation material has an IR-reflecting layer.
• the IR-reflecting layer is preferably arranged in the thermal insulation material such that it represents at least one outer surface of the thermal insulation material.
• the coating and/or the thermal insulation material has an air permeability (delta p), measured according to DIN EN ISO 9237:1995-12 at 100 Pa of at least 50 l/m 2 s, for example from 100 l/m 2 s to 600 l/m 2 s, preferably from 200 l/m 2 s to 500 l/m 2 s and in particular from 300 l/m 2 s to 400 l/m 2 s.
• delta p air permeability
• the coating and/or the thermal insulation material has an air permeability (delta p), measured according to DIN EN ISO 9237:1995-12 at 200 Pa, of at least 100 l/m 2 s, for example from 300 l/m 2 s to 900 l/m 2 s, preferably from 400 l/m 2 s to 800 l/m 2 s and in particular from 500 l/m 2 s to 700 l/m 2 s.
• delta p air permeability
• the advantage of the air permeabilities mentioned is that they enable cooling of the thermal insulation material by air convection. Such cooling is particularly efficient when the thermal insulation material has not yet been compressed by the operation of the electrochemical cell.
• the coating and/or the thermal insulation material has a thickness, measured according to DIN EN ISO 9073-2:1997-02, in the range from 1 mm to 9 mm, preferably in the range from 1.2 mm to 6 mm, even more preferably in the range from 1.3 mm to 4 mm and in particular in the range from 1.3 mm to 3 mm. If the thickness is less than 4 mm and in particular less than 3 mm, the space requirement is particularly small.
• the heat insulation material has a basis weight in the range from 60 g/m 2 to 900 g/m 2 , preferably from 70 g/m 2 to 600 g/m 2 , even more preferably in the range from 80 g/m 2 to 400 g/m 2 and in particular in the range from 80 to 200 g/m 2 .
• This low weight is advantageous for applications in electrochemical cells.
• the thermal insulation material has a recyclability, measured as described in the Measurement Methods section, of grade 1, 2 or 3.
• the thermal insulation material has a thermal conductivity under pressure of 20 kPa, measured according to ASTM D 5470-17 of from 0.045 to 0.010 W/m*K, even more preferably from 0.040 to 0.010 W/m*K and in particular from 0.036 to 0.010 W/m*K. More preferably, the thermal insulation material has a thermal conductivity under pressure of 2059 kPa, measured according to ASTM D 5470-17 of from 0.035 to 0.010 W/m*K, even more preferably from 0.030 to 0.010 W/m*K and in particular from 0.027 to 0.010 W/m*K.
• Another object of the invention is an electrochemical cell, preferably a lithium-ion cell, which is thermally insulated by at least one thermal insulation material according to the invention.
• Another subject of the invention is a battery system in which at least one electrochemical cell, preferably at least one lithium-ion cell, is thermally insulated by at least one thermal insulation material according to the invention.
• Another subject of the invention is a cell module and/or a battery system in which at least two electrochemical cells are thermally insulated from one another by at least one thermal insulation material.
• Preferred embodiments of the methods according to the invention include preferred embodiments of the thermal insulation material according to the invention, mutatis mutandis.
• the heat-insulating layer is provided with at least one second textile fabric that can function as a protective layer.
• the second textile fabric is preferably arranged on the side of the first textile fabric that has the coating.
• the dispersion may further contain wetting agents, for example to enable aqueous coating formulations with incompatible hydrophobic aerogels, rheology-modifying additives such as acrylates, acrylamides or cellulosic systems, dispersing aids, dyes and/or defoamers.
• wetting agents for example to enable aqueous coating formulations with incompatible hydrophobic aerogels, rheology-modifying additives such as acrylates, acrylamides or cellulosic systems, dispersing aids, dyes and/or defoamers.
• the coating of the textile fabric in step 2 takes place in the form of a doctor blade coating.
• a further object of the present invention is the use of the thermal insulation material according to the invention for heat management and/or for thermal insulation of electrochemical cells, preferably lithium-ion cells, cell modules and/or battery systems.
• Preferred embodiments of the use according to the invention comprise preferred embodiments of the thermal insulation material according to the invention mutatis mutandis.
• distilled water 300 g are placed in a 500 ml Erlenmeier flask. To this is added 0.5 g of the dry binder, preferably with a particle size with a d90 value of 100 ⁇ m, measured according to DIN 66165-2:2016-08. The flask is placed in a laboratory shaker for 24 hours at 80°C. Care must be taken to ensure that the shaking frequency is selected such that the mixture is in motion; evaporating water is topped up. After 24 hours, the solid phase, if present, is quantitatively separated, preferably filtered off. The aqueous phase is evaporated to dryness. If no residue is obtained or the residue is less than 50 mg, the binder is not water-soluble. If residue is obtained in an amount of at least 50 mg, the binder is at least partially water-soluble.
• distilled water 300 g are placed in a 500 ml Erlenmeier flask. Then 0.5 g of the fiber is taken. The flask is placed in a laboratory shaker for 24 hours at 80°C. Care must be taken to ensure that the shaking frequency is selected such that the mixture is in motion; any evaporating water is topped up. After 24 hours, any solid phase present is separated quantitatively, preferably by filtration. The aqueous phase is evaporated to dryness. If no residue is obtained or the residue is less than 50 mg, the fiber is not water-soluble. If the residue is obtained in an amount of 50 mg or more, the fiber is at least partially water-soluble.
• sample 1 Take a DIN A4-sized sample of the material to be determined (sample 1) and cut it into small pieces (approx. 2 x 2 cm). These are placed in a 2000 ml beaker and the sample is mixed with 1000 ml of water. The water is brought to the boil while stirring vigorously and stirred for a further 60 minutes. Then the mixture is left to simmer while stirring. Cool to room temperature (23°C) and separate the phases for a further 60 minutes. Once the separation has taken place, the aerogel particle slurry is skimmed off and the process is repeated two more times. The aerogel particle slurry is then transferred to a crystallization dish, dried at 120°C for 6 hours to constant weight and the mass is determined.
• the recyclability of the thermal insulation material is given a grade of 1. If the difference between the mass of aerogel particles originally present in the sample and the mass determined in the test is 25% to 35%, the recyclability of the thermal insulation material is given a grade of 2. If the difference between the mass of aerogel particles originally present in the sample and the mass determined in the test is 35% to 45%, the recyclability of the thermal insulation material is given a grade of 3. If the difference between the mass of aerogel particles originally present in the sample and the mass determined in the test is more than 45%, the recyclability of the thermal insulation material is rated with a grade of 4.
• the resulting paste is applied to a wet-laid glass fleece with a surface weight of 60 g/m 2 using a doctor blade coating in a thickness of 1.5 mm and dried.
• the binder of the glass fleece is the same as that used to bind the aerogel particles.
• Pattern II is produced analogously to pattern I. After coating, another layer of glass fleece is applied to the still wet layer, lightly pressed down and then dried.
• Aerogel Blanket Type: SACB-0-6 Company: Tradematt (Henan) Industry, Shenglong Plaza, Zhengzhou Railway Station, Zhenzhou China
• the loaded sample is then removed from the test device, weighed and visually assessed.
• the optical assessment is carried out by shaking the sample over a white piece of paper (in the case of colored particles) or a black piece of paper (in the case of white particles) and assessing whether particles have come loose from the coating. In the case of the laminate, the layer adhesion is also assessed.
• the 3 measurements on sample I show no decomposition in the sense of aerogel particles falling out.
• the thermal insulation material shows no delamination and no aerogel particles falling out.
• Reference sample 1 shows aerogel dust as soon as the test pieces are assembled and, after loading, aerogel particles on the test plate and in the shaking test become more pronounced.
• Reference sample 2 shows aerogel particles in the shaking test.
• Samples 1 and 2 according to the invention provide lower thermal conductivity coefficients over the entire pressure range and thus have better insulation properties.
• sample 1 was determined and given a grade of 1.
• Reference sample 1 was given a grade of 4.

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• 2023
  • 2023-01-31 EP EP23154137.6A patent/EP4411061A1/fr not_active Withdrawn

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