EP4411064A1 - Procédé de formation d'un récipient ouvert pour produits laitiers, aliments à base de plantes et/ou aliments congelés - Google Patents

Procédé de formation d'un récipient ouvert pour produits laitiers, aliments à base de plantes et/ou aliments congelés Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4411064A1
EP4411064A1 EP23155061.7A EP23155061A EP4411064A1 EP 4411064 A1 EP4411064 A1 EP 4411064A1 EP 23155061 A EP23155061 A EP 23155061A EP 4411064 A1 EP4411064 A1 EP 4411064A1
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packaging material
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German (de)
English (en)
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Andreas Michalsky
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Huhtamaki Oyj
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Huhtamaki Oyj
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Priority to EP23155061.7A priority Critical patent/EP4411064A1/fr
Priority to AU2024217142A priority patent/AU2024217142A1/en
Priority to PCT/EP2024/052710 priority patent/WO2024165467A1/fr
Priority to CN202480023837.XA priority patent/CN121002253A/zh
Publication of EP4411064A1 publication Critical patent/EP4411064A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
    • D21H27/10—Packing paper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D3/00—Rigid or semi-rigid containers having bodies or peripheral walls of curved or partially-curved cross-section made by winding or bending paper without folding along defined lines
    • B65D3/10—Rigid or semi-rigid containers having bodies or peripheral walls of curved or partially-curved cross-section made by winding or bending paper without folding along defined lines characterised by form of integral or permanently secured end closure
    • B65D3/12—Flanged discs permanently secured, e.g. by adhesives or by heat-sealing
    • B65D3/14—Discs fitting within container end and secured by bending, rolling, or folding operations
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
    • D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
    • D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D21H17/46—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D21H17/59—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
    • D21H19/10—Coatings without pigments
    • D21H19/14—Coatings without pigments applied in a form other than the aqueous solution defined in group D21H19/12
    • D21H19/24—Coatings without pigments applied in a form other than the aqueous solution defined in group D21H19/12 comprising macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D21H19/32—Coatings without pigments applied in a form other than the aqueous solution defined in group D21H19/12 comprising macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon in the main chain of the macromolecule

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a converting-process of forming an open container from laminated raw materials and/or from treated laminated raw materials, particularly from a packaging material comprising at least a fiber based substrate layer [ K ] having an area weight, determined according to EN ISO 536, within the range of from 25 to 475 g ⁇ m -2 ; and one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [ N ] which have a total area weight, determined according to EN ISO 536, within the range of from 0.1 to 10 g ⁇ m -2 .
  • the packaging material has a total content of polyolefins, preferably of any synthetic organic polymers, of at most 5.0 wt.-%, relative to the total weight of the packaging material.
  • the packaging material has a Cobb 600 value determined according to EN ISO 535 of below 0.2 g ⁇ m -2 , preferably at most 0.1 g ⁇ m -2 .
  • Paperboard used in containers for dairy or frozen food is usually provided with barrier coatings both on the inside (facing the packed item) and on the outside (print-side).
  • the barrier coating applied on the inside makes the material resistant against e.g. liquids, grease and/or aroma and enables it to withstand the influence of the packed item on the packaging material.
  • the barrier coating should also be sealable, preferably heat-sealable.
  • the barrier coating applied on the outside protects the packed item from the surrounding, especially from water vapor and condensation that is formed on the surface due to temperature fluctuations or temperature differences between cup outside vs cup inside (when filled).
  • Barriers are normally created by coating the fiber based substrate with a composition which gives the substrate barrier properties.
  • the most commonly used materials when forming a barrier on a fiber based product are polyolefins, such as polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP). Bio-based versions thereof have also been proposed. Paperboard intended for cups is frequently provided with a polyolefin coating to provide a barrier both on the inside towards the liquid content and on the outer/print side to provide a barrier against moisture arising from condensation.
  • the polymers can for example be laminated or extrusion coated to the fiber based product.
  • barrier materials comprise pigments such as clay and calcium carbonate in combinations with binders.
  • Typical binders include synthetic organic polymers such as styrene-acrylate (SA), styrene-butadiene-rubber (SBR), ethylene acrylic acid (EAA), polyvinyl acetate (PVAC), polyvinyl acrylic polyester dispersions, and the like.
  • SA styrene-acrylate
  • SBR styrene-butadiene-rubber
  • EAA ethylene acrylic acid
  • PVAC polyvinyl acetate
  • Barrier materials of this type are typically applied in considerably high amounts in order to provide satisfactory barrier properties, e.g. 15 to 30 g ⁇ m -2 , thereby introducing considerably high amounts of synthetic organic polymers.
  • barrier materials are often not transparent. Thus, print images and the like which are located underneath these materials would not be visible through said barrier materials with the naked eye. In consequences, print images are conventionally applied onto the layers of the barrier materials and then overcoated with suitable transparent materials in order to maintain visibility of the print images and to provide protection against outer mechanical impact.
  • barrier material does not form the outer surface of the fiber based substrates.
  • the barrier layer can evolve its barrier function as an intermediate layer only, but not as an outer layer. In consequence, the overcoated layer is fully exposed to the water and humidity, respectively. The barrier function merely comes into play when the water or humidity has penetrated the overcoated layer thus reaching the barrier layer.
  • the layer that comes into direct contact with the packaged goods must have sufficient barrier property.
  • the outer layer of the coated fiber based substrate needs to be based upon a barrier material.
  • barrier material is not transparent, however, a print image underneath said barrier material would not be visible.
  • Applying instead the print image onto the barrier material and overcoating said barrier material with an overcoat (which in turn has no barrier properties itself) would hardly be possible in view of the massive contact with water when the container is filled - the overcoat would not withstand the liquid.
  • EP 0 811 508 A1 relates to moisture resistant packaging, usable notably for frozen-food, using highly-sized paperboard and press applied moisture resistant over-print varnishes.
  • EP 1 059 383 A1 relates to a coated material comprising a paper substrate or a fiber substrate and a polymer membrane having a polysiloxane structure as the main structure provided on the surface of at least one side of the substrate, by a film or sheet for packing foods and a food container made of the coated material.
  • EP 3 456 528 A2 relates to a method of making a cup for containing a food beverage, comprising a step of cutting at least one coated cardboard sheet to form the sidewall and the bottom, and an assembly step by heat-sealing the thus cut sheets to form the cup.
  • KR 2021 0157981 A relates to a coating material replacing conventional paper materials, and at the same time, provides a film or sheet for food packaging that has oxygen barrier properties and is free from concerns regarding endocrine disruptors as well as a transparent food container that has the oxygen barrier properties and can be used as a container for food cooked in a microwave oven at a high temperature exceeding 200°C.
  • the coating material comprises: a paper material or a fiber material; and a polymer film provided on at least one side of the paper material or fiber material and having an alkoxysilane structure as a main structure, a film or sheet for food packaging made of the coating material, and a food container.
  • US 2013 0225744 A1 relates to a method for preparing an aqueous based coating system, and coating systems made thereby, for coating onto paper and/or paperboard for providing barrier to liquid, moisture vapor, oil and grease including a pigment and a polymer emulsion system or natural based binding system.
  • US 2018 0058010 A1 relates to a coated paper-based substrate for manufacturing a container and a method for preparing the same.
  • the coated paper-based substrate comprises a cellulosic fiber-based substrate coated on a first surface with a coating A and coated on a second surface with a coating B.
  • the coating A and the coating B are heat sealable to each other.
  • WO 1998 054410 A1 relates to coated board, a process for its manufacture, and containers and packaging formed therefrom.
  • the board comprises at least one polymer-based coat preventing the transmission of liquids and gases, which coat is according to the invention made from a polymer dispersion to which talc particles are added so that talc will constitute 30-80 % of the dry weight of the dried coat.
  • WO 2002 053838 A1 relates generally to materials and methods suitable for use a s packaging materials whereby the appearance of grease, fat or oil staining on the packaging material is reduced or eliminated.
  • WO 2006 007239 A2 relates to a multi-layer, high barrier packaging lid material that is adapted for releasably sealing to a plurality of containers including a first container comprised of one polymer and a second container comprised of another polymer.
  • the packaging lid material comprises a paper base with internal wet strength agent and an anti-wicking agent.
  • WO 2007 037680 A1 relates to a pigment coated paper base that comprises a paper base, which paper base comprises one or more wet strength agents, and a pigment coating on at least the topside of said paper base, which pigment coating comprises a binder and a pigment in a specific binder/pigment weight ratio, which is preferably from 40/100 to 150/100.
  • WO 2010 052571 A2 discloses a paperboard coated with a first and a second barrier coating layers consisting of an aqueous polymer dispersion comprising from about 70-90 wt.-% of a polymer emulsion and 10-30 wt.-% of a pigment.
  • WO 2013 053997 A1 relates to a packaging board comprising a fibrous base and one or more polymer coating layers on one or both sides of the fibrous base.
  • the fibrous base contains the combination of an alkyl ketene dimer size, stearic acid anhydride, a wet-strength size and an aluminum compound, which give the board resistance to aggressive liquids as well as thermal treatment, particularly an improved resistance to raw edge penetration in such circumstances.
  • WO 2013 019833 A1 relates to coated substrates comprising a substrate and a barrier coating on at least one surface of the substrate.
  • the barrier coating comprises (i) vermiculite, (ii) polymer capable of forming a film, (iii) chemical stabilizing agent, and (iv) cross-linking agent.
  • WO 2014 005697 A2 relates to a recyclable sheet material and a container, preferably cup, formed of such recyclable sheet material comprising 1a) a paper board coated with a water barrier coating on at least one of its uncoated surfaces having a smoothness of equal or less than 500 ml/min according to Bendtsen ISO 8791-2 or 1b) a paper board which is coated on at least one of its uncoated surfaces with a first surface coating comprising at least one mineral pigment and at least one polymeric binder, preferably with polar groups, said coated surface having a smoothness of 100 ml/min or less according to Bendtsen ISO 8791-2 and on top of said first surface coating a water barrier coating.
  • WO 2015 155413 A1 discloses a coated food cardboard, with a dispersion barrier coating applied between the board layer and a pigment coating layer.
  • WO 2016 170229 A1 relates to a method for manufacturing coated paperboard suitable for packaging paperboard applications.
  • the method comprises coating a first surface of the paperboard web by applying a) a first coating composition in a precoating unit for forming a precoating layer comprising inorganic mineral pigment particles and least one binder for sealing the first surface of the paperboard web; and b) a second coating composition in a curtain coating unit for forming at least one barrier coating layer on the first surface of the paperboard web; and c) a third coating composition comprising a polymer dispersion in the curtain coating unit for forming at least one heat sealable coating layer on the first surface of the paperboard web.
  • WO 2017 073537 A1 relates to a laminate for a heat insulating container, which is a material for a heat insulating container having a printed layer on the surface, which is excellent in smoothness of the surface of the printed layer even after foaming and can realize a desired design.
  • WO 2017 186586 A1 relates to an aqueous coating composition, a greaseproof article and a process of forming a coating on a substrate.
  • the aqueous coating composition comprises at least the following components: an organopolysiloxane (A) which is a polysiloxane compound having at least two alkenyl groups per molecule, an organohydrogenpolysiloxane (B) which is a polysiloxane compound comprising at least two Si H groups per molecule, an hydrosilylation catalyst (C) able to catalyze an hydrosilylation reaction between the organopolysiloxane compound (A) and the organohydrogenpolysiloxane compound (B), an organic copolymer (D) comprising at least two types of repeating units (i) and (ii): unit (i) which is an alkyl group comprising from 2 to 2 carbon atoms, unit (ii) which is an alkyl group comprising from 2 to 12 carbon
  • WO 2019 025962 A1 relates to an environment-friendly polymeric composite prepared using biodegradable, compostable and recyclable materials, yet having good mechanical properties.
  • the polymeric composite comprises a biodegradable and compostable multilayer first substrate comprising an inner later, an outer layer and a core layer; and a second substrate comprising at least one layer selected from metal layer, metallized layer, paper layer and pretreated paper layer, such that the second substrate is disposed on the outer layer of the multilayer first substrate.
  • WO 2019 130179 A1 relates to a paperboard for packaging of liquid and frozen food, comprising a dispersion coating as the only barrier layer on its outside/print side.
  • the dispersion coating comprising latex and pigment applied on the outside/print side of a paperboard for liquid and/or frozen food serves as the only barrier against moisture arising from condensation.
  • WO 2021 004818 A1 relates to a barrier paper comprising a carrier which comprises a paper and which has a respective coating on a first face and on a second face opposite the first face at least in some sections, wherein the coatings on the two opposing faces differ, wherein the barrier paper has an oxygen transport rate of ⁇ 10 cm 3 /m 2 ⁇ d ⁇ bar and a water vapor permeability of ⁇ 15 g/m 2 ⁇ d, at least the first coating on the first face comprises a semicrystalline polyurethane coating, and at least the second coating arranged on the second face comprises a thermally activatable sealing layer.
  • the sol-gel process is a known method for producing layers of solid materials from small molecules.
  • the process involves conversion of monomers into a colloidal solution (sol) that acts as the precursor for an integrated network (or gel) of network polymers.
  • the colloidal solution is formed that then gradually evolves towards the formation of a gel-like diphasic system containing both a liquid phase and solid phase. Removal of the solvent typically requires a drying process. Afterwards, a thermal treatment, or firing process, is often necessary in order to favor further polycondensation and enhance mechanical properties and structural stability.
  • the precursor sol can be deposited on a substrate to form a film, e.g. by dip-coating or spin coating (see e.g. https: // en.wikipedia.org / wiki / Sol-gel_process ).
  • a typical process involves the hydrolysis of alkoxysilanes to produce hydroxyl groups, followed by polycondensation among these groups and residual alkoxy groups to form a three-dimensional polymeric network (or gel). Coatings with a longer chain are found to decrease the wettability and absorption of base paper more efficiently than coatings with a shorter alkyl chain (see e.g. S. Yujun, Inorganic and Organic Thin Films: Fundamentals, Fabrication, and Applications, 1st ed., Wiley 2021, page 500 ).
  • Substituted silanes may serve as feedstocks for numerous industrial sol-gel processes, which yield coatings that are very thin, yet extremely durable.
  • silanes that are suitable for preparing such coatings are commercially available (e.g. the products of the series Geniosil ® , Silan M1, M2, M3, IO and P series, all of Wacker Chemie AG, Kunststoff).
  • US 5,510,147 relates to a relaxed sol-gel composition and a coated substrate article which is produced therefrom.
  • a tetrafunctional alkoxide silicate is hydrolyzed in an aqueous solution together with a Lewis acid or metal chelate catalyst with optional protic acid until a viscosity of 2600-3200 cps is obtained to form a crosslinked sol-gel polymer composition.
  • the polymer is relaxed by diluting it with water or water plus alcohol optionally containing a Lewis acid or metal chelate until a viscosity of about 1 cps is obtained while not depolymerizing the polymer.
  • the relaxed polymer has substantially no visible polymer particles.
  • the relaxed polymer composition is uniformly coating a substrate and dried without requiring an in-situ curing.
  • US 5,776,565 relates to hybrid sol-gel barrier coatings that are produced by hydrolyzing a tetrafunctional alkoxide silicate and a silane having one or two pendant crosslinkable groups in water or water plus a water miscible organic solvent and a catalytic amount a protic acid, Lewis acid, or metal chelate, until a viscosity of from about 2,600 to about 3,200 cps is obtained.
  • the product is then diluted water or water plus a water miscible organic solvent, optionally containing a protic acid, Lewis acid, or metal chelate, until a viscosity of about 0.5 to about 10 cps is obtained.
  • the diluted product is blended with a photoinitiator, coated onto a substrate, dried and irradiated to obtain oxygen barrier films having a very low oxygen transmission rate.
  • US 6,307,192 relates to an ovenable food tray and its manufacturing method.
  • the paperboard or cardboard tray is provided with at least one layer of polymeric coating which is lying at least on the side of the tray coming into contact with the food and contains a polymerized crosslink structure which consists of an inorganic, chain or crosslinked polymeric backbone which contains alternating silicon and oxygen atoms and which comprises side chains and/or crosslinks formed by organic groups or chains.
  • US 2009 0022898 A1 provides a sol-gel composition which is dilutable with water in any proportion and is based on the reaction of at least the following components: (i) a glycidyloxypropylalkoxysilane, (ii) an aqueous silica sol having a solids content of > 1% by weight, (iii) an organic acid as hydrolysis catalyst, and (iv) n-propyl zirconate, butyl titanate or titanium acetylacetonate as crosslinker, starting from a mass ratio of the solids mass of component (ii) to component (i) 0.75.
  • US 2011 0114276 A1 relates to a method of improving a strength property of a sheet-formed fibrous material formed from an aqueous slurry of cellulose fiber, including coating at least one face of the material with a coating formulation including a polysaccharide containing at least two carboxylic groups and low molecular weight organic mono-, di- or poly-carboxylic acid in an aqueous carrier, keeping the coated face at a temperature of 50° C or more for a time sufficient to obtain the desired improvement including drying of the material.
  • US 2014 0342098 A1 relates to a process of fabricating the waterproof coating that may include selecting a substrate, utilizing a sol-gel comprising a silane or silane derivative and metal oxide precursor to coat the substrate, and optionally coating the substrate with a hydrophobic chemical agent and/or other chemical agents to create a surface with nanoscopic or microscopic features.
  • WO 2020 261198 A1 relates to the techniques for producing stirring spoons or sticks made of paper or cardboard and coated with a layer of material.
  • the layer of material is adapted to make the stirring spoons or sticks waterproof, to make them usable with all types of beverages, including hot beverages.
  • WO 2021 019220 A1 relates to colloidal solutions (known as sols), the use of sols to impart desirable properties to products, products made using sols, and methods of using such sols.
  • V.M. Dias et al. World Journal of Nano Science and Engineering, 2015, 5, 126-139 , relates to silica-based nanocoating doped by layered double hydroxides to enhance the paperboard barrier properties.
  • coated paperboards of the prior art are not satisfactory in every respect and there is a demand for improved coated paperboards.
  • the containers should have good recyclability with little rejection and should facilitate repulping. Further, the containers should be easy to manufacture on large scale in a timely and cost-efficient manner.
  • the process according to the invention is a process for the manufacture of a container comprising a sidewall with an opening and optionally a bottom (in the following also referred to as "container according to the invention ").
  • a starting material of the process according to the invention, from which the container according to the invention is made, is a first element which has a first edge as well as a second edge (in the following also referred to as “first element according to the invention” ).
  • the first element according to the invention may be combined with additional elements, e.g. a second element, to form the container according to the invention.
  • the process according to the invention comprises the steps of
  • the first element according to the invention is made of a certain packaging material, which comprises at least
  • the packaging material has a total content of polyolefins, preferably of any synthetic organic polymers, of at most 5.0 wt.-%, relative to the total weight of the packaging material.
  • cross-linked polysiloxane layer [N] can sufficiently protect the optional barrier layer [M] against humidity.
  • the optional barrier layer [M] is preferably based upon water soluble polymers such as EVOH which in the absence of crosslinked polysiloxane layer [N] would at least partially dissolve upon contact with water and humidity, respectively, and thus would be at risk of losing its barrier function.
  • the invention relates to a converting-process of forming an open container from laminated raw materials and/or from treated laminated raw materials, particularly from a packaging material.
  • the packaging material that is processed by the process according to the invention is preferably useful for packaging food or beverages, preferably dairy, plant-based food and/or frozen food.
  • the packaging material according to the invention comprises
  • the packaging material has a total content of polyolefins, preferably of any synthetic organic polymers, of at most 5.0 wt.-%, relative to the total weight of the packaging material.
  • the packaging material according to the invention comprises layers that can be prepared by means of products that are known to the skilled person and that are commercially available. Technologies for applying such layers are also known to the skilled person.
  • references is made e.g. to A.A. Tracton, Coatings Technology Handbook, 3rd ed., Taylor Francis, 2005 ; J.R. Wagner Jr., Multilayer Flexible Packaging: Technology and Applications, Elsevier, 2010 ; M.J. Kirwan, Handbook Of Paper And Paperboard Packaging Technology, 2nd ed., Wiley-Blackwell, 2013 ; G. Cirillo et al., Functional Polymers In Food Science, Volume 1, Food Packaging, Wiley, 2015 ; P.
  • the packaging material according to the invention comprises at least one cross-linked polysiloxane layer, namely the one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [N]. It has been found that by employing the packaging material with the one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [N], excellent properties can be achieved for the purposes of packaging beverages and/or food, especially dairy, plant-based food and/or frozen food at very low polymer content. Thus, the packaging material according to the invention is environmentally friendly and has improved recyclability.
  • compositions for preparing cross-linked polysiloxane layers are provided as liquid solutions, for example at 70% solids dissolved in ethanol. Since such a silane solution can be absorbed by untreated cardboard, a large amount of such a silane solution would be needed in order to provide a uniform, thin cross-linked polysiloxane layer that covers the whole surface of the cardboard and thus provides the desired properties. It has been found and is contemplated that these problems can be overcome by applying more than a single layer of silane material, i.e. by applying a first sublayer, followed by a second sublayer, e.g. of the same material.
  • the one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers can also be applied over printing layer [C]. Besides providing a water repellency barrier, the one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers increase the surface strength of the packaging material.
  • the one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers provide the packaging material with excellent water repellency.
  • Water repellency can be expressed in terms of e.g. Cobb 600 values. While conventional untreated cardboards have Cobb 600 values of about 2 g ⁇ m -2 , the packaging material according to the invention may have Cobb 600 values of 0.5 g ⁇ m -2 or 0.2 g ⁇ m -2 or even below without requiring significant amounts of synthetic polymers.
  • the packaging material has a Cobb 600 value determined according to EN ISO 535 of below 0.2 g ⁇ m -2 , preferably at most 0.1 g ⁇ m -2 .
  • the one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers of the multilayer carboard according to the invention may also contribute to the visual appearance of the packaging material. It has been found that the packaging material coated with the one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers has a glassy and glossy appearance.
  • the packaging material according to the invention with one or more additional cross-linked polysiloxane layers, namely with optional one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [H].
  • This embodiment is particularly relevant when the packaging material according to the invention is a duplex comprising fiber based substrate layer [ E ] and fiber based substrate layer [ K ].
  • the optional one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [ B ] and the one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [ N ] may form the two outer surfaces of the packaging material according to the invention
  • the optional one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [ B ] and the one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [ N ] independently of one another are preferably overcoated with sealing layer [ A ] and sealing layer [ O ], respectively.
  • sealing layer [ A ] and sealing layer [ O ] preferably form the two outer surfaces of the packaging material according to the invention, i.e. are in turn not overcoated by additional layers.
  • the sealing layer [ A ] and the sealing layer [ O ] not only close remaining pores of the optional one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [ B ] and the one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [ N ], if any, but additionally provide the packaging material with a good bonding surface.
  • the optional sealing layer [ A ] and the optional sealing layer [ O ] independently of one another may be applied to the full surface area of the packaging material according to the invention, or only to a portion of the full surface area of the packaging material according to the invention. In the letter case, the optional sealing layer [ A ] and the optional sealing layer [ O ] independently of one another may be applied as a pattern.
  • a packaging material according to the invention can be any comparatively thick paper-based material, for the purposes of the specification referred to as "fiber based substrate".
  • the packaging material typically is foldable and rigid.
  • the packaging material may be single-ply or multi-ply.
  • the packaging material according to the invention is fiber-based, preferably a cardboard.
  • the packaging material comprises one or more coatings, preferably on both of its sides.
  • the packaging material according to the invention is preferably suitable for packaging of food or beverages, preferably dairy, plant-based food and/or frozen food.
  • Packaging materials for dairy, plant-based food and/or frozen food preferably have certain advantageous properties.
  • the packaging should not contain any harmful ingredients so that they may be brought into direct contact with dairy, plant-based food and/or frozen food, at least on one of their outer sides, during the whole shelf-life of the packaged dairy, plant-based food and/or frozen food.
  • the packaging should be compatible with dairy, plant-based food and/or frozen food and provide a barrier for a sufficient period of time such that a packaging made of the packaging material maintains its desired properties during the whole shelf-life of the packaged dairy, plant-based food and/or frozen food.
  • the packaging should be chemically resistant e.g. against lactic acid and other ingredients of dairy that are known to interact with uncoated cardboard over time.
  • the packaging should provide mechanical strength also at lower temperatures, e.g.
  • the packaging material according to the invention has a total area weight (grammage), determined according to EN ISO 536, within the range of from 100 to 500 g ⁇ m -2 .
  • the total area weight of the packaging material includes the area weight of all coatings and layers that may be present.
  • the packaging material has a total area weight, determined according to EN ISO 536, within the range of from 150 to 450 g ⁇ m -2 . In preferred embodiments, the packaging material has a total area weight, determined according to EN ISO 536, within the range of 200 ⁇ 50 g ⁇ m -2 , or 225 ⁇ 50 g ⁇ m -2 , or 250 ⁇ 50 g ⁇ m -2 , or 275 ⁇ 50 g ⁇ m -2 , or 300 ⁇ 50 g ⁇ m -2 , or 325 ⁇ 50 g ⁇ m -2 , or 350 ⁇ 50 g ⁇ m -2 , or 375 ⁇ 50 g ⁇ m -2 , or 400 ⁇ 50 g ⁇ m -2 .
  • the packaging material has a total thickness, determined according to EN ISO 534, within the range of from 100 to 750 ⁇ m. In preferred embodiments, the packaging material has a total thickness, determined according to EN ISO 534, within the range of 200 ⁇ 50 ⁇ m, or 225 ⁇ 50 ⁇ m, or 250 ⁇ 50 ⁇ m, or 275 ⁇ 50 ⁇ m, or 300 ⁇ 50 ⁇ m, or 325 ⁇ 50 ⁇ m, or 350 ⁇ 50 ⁇ m, or 375 ⁇ 50 ⁇ m, or 400 ⁇ 50 ⁇ m, or 425 ⁇ 50 ⁇ m, or 450 ⁇ 50 ⁇ m, or 475 ⁇ 50 ⁇ m, or 500 ⁇ 50 ⁇ m, or 525 ⁇ 50 ⁇ m, or 550 ⁇ 50 ⁇ m, or 575 ⁇ 50 ⁇ m, or 600 ⁇ 50 ⁇ m, or 625 ⁇ 50 ⁇ m, or 650 ⁇ 50 ⁇ m, or 675 ⁇ 50 ⁇ m, or 700 ⁇ 50 ⁇ m.
  • the layers are arranged in alphabetical order.
  • the packaging material according to the invention comprises at least two layers, namely [ K ] and [ N ].
  • the packaging material according to the invention comprises at least one additional layer selected from layers [ A ], [ B ], [ C ], [ D ], [ L ], [ M ], and [ O ].
  • the packaging material according to the invention comprises at least two additional layers selected from layers [ A ], [ B ], [ C ], [ D ], [ L ], [ M ], and [ O ].
  • the packaging material according to the invention comprises at least three additional layers selected from layers [ A ], [ B ], [ C ], [ D ], [ L ], [ M ], and [ O ].
  • the packaging material according to the invention comprises at least four additional layers selected from layers [ A ], [ B ], [ C ], [ D ], [ L ], [ M ], and [ O ].
  • the packaging material according to the invention comprises at least fife additional layers selected from layers [ A ], [ B ], [ C ], [ D ], [ L ], [ M ], and [ O ].
  • the packaging material according to the invention comprises at least six additional layers selected from layers [ A ], [ B ], [ C ], [ D ], [ L ], [ M ], and [ O ].
  • the packaging material according to the invention comprises at least three layers, namely [ A ], [ K ] and [ N ]; [ B ], [ K ] and [ N ]; [ C ], [ K ] and [ N ]; [ D ], [ K ] and [ N ]; [ K ], [ L ], and [ N ]; [ K ], [ M ], and [ N ]; or [ K ], [ N ], and [ O ];
  • the packaging material according to the invention comprises at least four layers, namely [ A ], [ B ], [ K ] and [ N ]; [ A ], [ C ], [ K ] and [ N ]; [ A ], [ D ], [ K ] and [ N ]; [ A ], [ K ], [ L ] and [ N ]; [ A ], [ K ], [ M ], and [ N ]; [ A ], [ K ], [ N ], and [ O ]; [ B ], [ C ], [ K ] and [ N ]; [ B ], [ D ], [ K ] and [ N ]; [ B ], [ K ], [ L ] and [ N ]; [ B ], [ K ], [ M ] and [ N ]; [ B ], [ K ], [ N ] and [ O ]; [ C ], [ D ], [ K ] and [ N ]; [ C ], [ K ] and [ N ]; [ C ], [ K ], [
  • the packaging material according to the invention comprises at least layers
  • the packaging material according to the invention comprises a sealing layer [A].
  • the optional sealing layer [A] forms an outer surface of the packaging material.
  • the optional sealing layer [A] is in direct contact with the optional one or more crosslinked polysiloxane layers [ B ].
  • the packaging material according to the invention optionally comprises one or more crosslinked polysiloxane layers [ B ].
  • the optional one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [ B ] form an outer surface of the packaging material.
  • the optional one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [ B ] are located between
  • the optional one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [ B ] are in direct contact with the optional sealing layer [ A ].
  • the optional one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [ B ] are in direct contact with the optional printing layer [ C ], or the optional mineral layer [ D ].
  • the packaging material according to the invention comprises a printing layer [ C ].
  • the optional printing layer [ C ] is located between
  • the optional printing layer [ C ] is in direct contact with the optional one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [ B ].
  • the optional printing layer [ C ] is in direct contact with the optional mineral layer [ D ].
  • the packaging material according to the invention comprises optionally, a mineral layer [ D ].
  • the optional mineral layer [ D ] is located between
  • the optional mineral layer [ D ] is in direct contact with the optional printing layer [C], or the optional one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [ B ].
  • the optional mineral layer [ D ] is in direct contact with the fiber based substrate layer [ K ].
  • the packaging material according to the invention additionally comprises
  • the packaging material according to the invention is a duplex comprising fiber based substrate layer [ E ] and fiber based substrate layer [ K ].
  • the duplex has several advantages.
  • fiber based substrate layer [ E ] is a comparatively thin paper layer that is applied in addition to the main cardboard, i.e. fiber based substrate layer [ K ].
  • This combination provides the stiffness and thickness that is required for the packaging, whereas the thin paper layer, i.e. fiber based substrate layer [E], acts as an (additional) lactic acid barrier and Oz barrier.
  • the thin paper layer, i.e. fiber based substrate layer [E] is easier to coat than the main cardboard, i.e. fiber based substrate layer [K], due to its greater smoothness.
  • fiber based substrate layer [K] is a comparatively thin paper layer that is applied in addition to the main cardboard, i.e. fiber based substrate layer [E].
  • the packaging material according to the invention comprises
  • the packaging material according to the invention comprises at least layers [ A ], [ C ], [ D ], [ E ], [ F ], [ H ], [ I ], [ J ], [ K ], [ L ], [ N ], and [ O ].
  • the packaging material according to the invention comprises at least layers [ A ], [ C ], [ D ], [ E ], [ F ], [ G ], [ H ], [ I ], [ K ], [ L ], [ N ], and [ O ].
  • the packaging material according to the invention comprises at least layers [ A ], [ C ], [ D ], [ E ], [ F ], [ G ], [ H ], [ I ], [ J ], [ K ], [ L ], [ N ], and [ O ].
  • the packaging material according to the invention comprises a fiber based substrate layer [ A ].
  • the fiber based substrate [ E ] is located between
  • the fiber based substrate layer [ E ] is in direct contact with the optional mineral layer [ D ].
  • the fiber based substrate layer [ E ] is in direct contact with the optional miner layer [ F ], the optional barrier layer [ G ], the optional one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [ H ], the optional barrier layer [ I ], the optional mineral layer [ J ], or the fiber based substrate layer [ K ].
  • the packaging material according to the invention comprises a mineral layer [ F ].
  • the optional mineral layer [ F ] is located between
  • the optional mineral layer [ F ] is in direct contact with the optional mineral layer [ D ] or the fiber based substrate layer [ E ].
  • the optional mineral layer [ F ] is in direct contact with the optional one or more crosslinked polysiloxane layers [ H ], the optional barrier layer [ I ], the optional mineral layer [ J ], or the fiber based substrate layer [ K ].
  • the packaging material according to the invention comprises one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [ H ].
  • the optional one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [ H ] is located between
  • the optional one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [ H ] is in direct contact with the fiber based substrate layer [ E ], or the optional mineral layer [ F ].
  • the optional one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [ H ] is in direct contact with the optional barrier layer [ I ], the optional mineral layer [ J ], or the fiber based substrate layer [ K ].
  • the packaging material according to the invention comprises a barrier layer [ I ].
  • the optional barrier layer [ I ] is located between
  • the optional barrier layer [ I ] is in direct contact with the optional mineral layer [ D ], the fiber based substrate layer [ E ], the optional mineral layer [ F ], or the optional one or more crosslinked polysiloxane layers [ H ].
  • the optional barrier layer [ I ] is in direct contact with the fiber based substrate layer [ K ].
  • the packaging material according to the invention comprises at least layers
  • the packaging material according to the invention comprises at least layers
  • the packaging material according to the invention comprises at least layers
  • the packaging material according to the invention comprises at least layers
  • the packaging material according to the invention comprises at least layers
  • the packaging material according to the invention comprises a fiber based substrate layer [K].
  • the fiber based substrate layer [K] is located between
  • the fiber based substrate layer [K] is in direct contact with the optional mineral layer [L], or the optional barrier layer [M].
  • the packaging material according to the invention comprises a mineral layer [L].
  • the optional mineral layer [L] is located between the optional mineral layer [L] and the optional mineral layer [L]
  • the optional mineral layer [L] is in direct contact with the fiber based substrate layer [K].
  • the optional mineral layer [L] is in direct contact with the optional barrier layer [M].
  • the packaging material according to the invention comprises optionally, a barrier layer [M].
  • the optional barrier layer [M] is located between the optional barrier layer [M] and the optional barrier layer [M]
  • the optional barrier layer [M] is in direct contact with the optional mineral layer [L] or the fiber based substrate layer [K].
  • the optional barrier layer [M] is in direct contact with the one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [N].
  • the packaging material according to the invention comprises one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [N].
  • the one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [N] form an outer surface of the packaging material.
  • the one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [N] are located between
  • the one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [N] are in direct contact with the optional sealing layer [O].
  • the packaging material according to the invention comprises a sealing layer [O].
  • the optional sealing layer [O] forms an outer surface of the packaging material.
  • the packaging material according to the invention comprises one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [B].
  • the packaging material according to the invention comprises one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [H].
  • the optional one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [B] and/or the optional one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [H] and/or the one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [N] independently of one another are based upon a cross-linked polysiloxane.
  • the optional one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [B] and/or the optional one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [H] and/or the one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [N] independently of one are based on a hybrid material comprising an inorganic polysiloxane backbone and pendant organic substituents.
  • the inorganic polysiloxane backbone can be a polymer chain or a polymer network.
  • the pendant organic substituents are preferably linked to silicon atoms of the inorganic polysiloxane backbone through oxygen atoms.
  • the pendent organic substituents can be organic radicals (i.e. residues, moieties), macromolecular chains or networks thereof.
  • the pendant organic substituents connect or otherwise cross-link the inorganic polysiloxane backbone.
  • the pendant organic substituents can comprise synthetic organic moieties and/or optionally modified natural moieties such as optionally modified biomaterials.
  • Said synthetic organic moieties preferably connect or otherwise cross-link the inorganic polysiloxane backbone.
  • Said optionally modified natural moieties or optionally modified biomaterials preferably connect or otherwise cross-link the inorganic polysiloxane backbone.
  • Said optionally modified natural moieties or optionally modified biomaterials may additionally or alternatively connect or otherwise cross-link said synthetic moieties.
  • the synthetic organic moieties may be comprised of groups present in the precursor or further groups, linear, branched and/or cross-linked, comprised in further precursors typically free of silicon atoms.
  • Such precursors or moieties can comprise reactive groups promoting linkage to inorganic moieties and/or to the moieties of biomaterials.
  • the biomaterial can be a biopolymer such as a starch-based polymer, a hemi-cellulose-based polymer, a cellulose-based polymer, a lignin-based polymer, a chitosan-based polymer, or mixtures or combinations thereof.
  • the biomaterial can be in the form of a flour, for example an oat flour, a barley flour, a rye flour, a wheat flour, a rice flour, a bamboo flour, a lentil flour, a chickpea flour, a pea flour, a corn flour, or a mixture or combination thereof.
  • the biopolymers or flours can be functionalized with reactive groups promoting linkage to inorganic moieties and/or to the synthetic organic moieties.
  • the optional one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [B] and/or the optional one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [H] and/or the one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [N] independently of one another are based upon a polysiloxane selected from the group consisting of polydialkylsiloxanes, preferably polydimethylsiloxanes, and polyalkylarylsiloxanes, preferably polymethylphenylsiloxanes.
  • the optional one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [B] and/or the optional one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [H] and/or the one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [N] independently of one another are derived from silicon-based sol-gel layers.
  • the one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers result from (i) the application of a sol-gel composition, typically in a fluid form, and (ii) treatment to obtain a sol-gel layer, typically is a solid form.
  • sol-gel compositions and layers are known to the skilled person.
  • sol-gel compositions examples include technologies referred to as or similar to organically modified ceramics or ormocers (e.g. Ormocer ® , BioOrmocer ® , Fraunhofer Institute).
  • organically modified ceramics or ormocers e.g. Ormocer ® , BioOrmocer ® , Fraunhofer Institute.
  • sol-gel composition preferably refers to a stable colloidal suspension of particles in a liquid.
  • the liquid of the sol-gel composition is also referred to as "solvent”.
  • the solvents preferably comprises one or more alcohols, typically of formula HO-R.
  • the solvent preferably comprises water.
  • the solvent comprises water and one or more alcohols, typically of formula HO-R.
  • alcohols include methanol, ethanol, butanol, ethylene glycol, isopropanol, or mixtures thereof, and optionally further mixed with water.
  • the sol-gel composition comprises water and a least one solvent different from water, preferably an alcohol such as methanol or ethanol.
  • the ratio by weight between water of the solvent can be for example of from 75/25 to 50/50, or from 90/10 to 75/25. Higher ratios improve ecological footprint and industrial efficacy and safety, especially for application on fiber-based materials.
  • the sol-gel composition comprises precursors forming the sol-gel layer, which in turn, typically after further treatment, yields the cross-linked polysiloxane layer.
  • Precursors for example comprise:
  • Examples of preferred silicon precursors include but are not limited to alkoxysilanes, such as tetramethoxy silane (TMOS), tetraethoxy silane (TEOS), tetrapropyl silane, n-propyl triethoxy silane, methyl trimethoxy silane, triethyl methoxy silane, methyl triethoxy silane, octyl triethoxy silane, phenyl triethoxy silane, cyclopentyl triethoxy silane, (3-glycidyloxypropyl) trimethoxy silane (GLYMO), 3-amino-propyl triethoxy silane (APTES), triethoxy-3-(2-imidazolin-1-yl) propylsilane, tetrapropyl orthosilicate triethyloxysilane, (3-methacryloxypropyl)triethoxy silane (MEMO), vinyl trimethoxy silane, and their
  • the sol-gel composition may further contain one or more catalysts.
  • Catalysts can be any catalyst promoting or accelerating the sol gel layer formation.
  • Catalysts include acid catalysts, such as hydrochloric acid, citric acid, nitric or acetic acid; and base catalysts, such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and ammonia.
  • the optional one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [B] and/or the optional one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [H] and/or the one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [N] independently of one another do not contain a pigment selected from kaolin, feldspar, mica, calcined kaolin, clay, natural clay, delaminated clay, calcined clay, calcium carbonate, chalk, ground calcium carbonate, precipitated calcium carbonate, prespite calcium carbonate, talc, gypsum, aluminum trihydrates, titanium dioxide, zinc sulfide, zinc oxide, calcium sulfite, barium sulfate, magnesium hydroxide, amorphous silica, silicates, plastic pigments, and mixtures thereof; preferably do not contain any pigment or mineral filler.
  • a pigment selected from kaolin, feldspar, mica, calcined kaolin, clay, natural clay, delaminated clay, calcined
  • the optional one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [ B ] and/or the optional one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [H] and/or the one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [N] independently of one another are derived from a sol-gel composition.
  • the sol-gel composition comprises a non-functionalized silane of general formula (I) wherein
  • the non-functionalized silane of general formula (I) is selected from the group consisting of
  • the sol-gel composition comprises a non-functionalized silane of general formula (II) wherein R5 means -C 1-18 -alkyl-Si(O-C 1-6 -alkyl) 3 ; preferably wherein the non-functionalized silane of general formula (II) is tris-[3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl] -isocyanurate.
  • the sol-gel composition comprises a non-functionalized alkyl trialkoxy silane oligomer of general formula (III) wherein
  • the sol-gel composition comprises a functionalized silane of general formula (IV) wherein
  • the functionalized silane of general formula (IV) is selected from the group consisting of
  • the sol-gel composition comprises a metal alcoholate; preferably selected from the group consisting of Al(OC 1-6 -akyl) 3 , Zr(OC 1-6 -akyl) 4 , Ti(OC 1-6 -akyl) 4 , or mixtures thereof.
  • the sol-gel composition comprises a combination of
  • the sol-gel composition comprises a combination of
  • the sol-gel composition comprises a combination of
  • the sol-gel composition comprises a combination of
  • the sol-gel composition comprises a combination of
  • the sol-gel composition comprises a solvent; preferably water; more preferably does not comprise an organic solvent.
  • the content of crosslinked polysiloxane the optional one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [B] and/or the optional one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [H] and/or the one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [N] independently of one another is at least 35 wt.-%, preferably at least 40 wt.-%, more preferably at least 45 wt.-%, still more preferably at least 50 wt.-%, yet more preferably at least 55 wt.-%, even more preferably at least 60 wt.-%, most preferably at least 65 wt.-%, and in particular at least 70 wt.-%; relative to the total weight of the optional one or more crosslinked polysiloxane layers [B] and/or the optional one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [H] and/or the one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [N], respectively.
  • the optional one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [B] and/or the optional one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [H] and/or the one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [N] independently of one another have a total area weight, determined according to EN ISO 536, of not more than 25 g ⁇ m -2 , preferably not more than 22.5 g ⁇ m -2 , more preferably not more than 20 g ⁇ m -2 , still more preferably not more than 17.5 g ⁇ m -2 , yet more preferably not more than 15 g ⁇ m -2 , even more preferably not more than 12.5 g ⁇ m -2 , most preferably not more than 10 g ⁇ m -2 , and in particular not more than 7.5 g ⁇ m -2 .
  • the optional one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [B] and/or the optional one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [H] and/or the one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [N] independently of one another have a total area weight, determined according to EN ISO 536, within the range of from 0.1 to 20 g ⁇ m -2 , preferably in the range of from 0.1 to 10 g ⁇ m -2 , preferably of from 2.0 to 7.0 g ⁇ m -2 .
  • the optional one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [B] and/or the optional one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [H] and/or the one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [N] independently of one another have a total area weight, determined according to EN ISO 536, within the range of from 2.0 ⁇ 1.8 g ⁇ m -2 , preferably 2.0 ⁇ 1.6 g ⁇ m -2 , more preferably 2.0 ⁇ 1.4 g ⁇ m -2 , still more preferably 2.0 ⁇ 1.2 g ⁇ m -2 , yet more preferably 2.0 ⁇ 1.0 g ⁇ m -2 , even more preferably 2.0 ⁇ 0.8 g ⁇ m -2 , most preferably 2.0 ⁇ 0.6 g ⁇ m -2 , and in particular 2.0 ⁇ 0.4 g ⁇ m -2 .
  • the optional one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [B] and/or the optional one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [H] and/or the one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [N] independently of one another have a variance of area weight (determined according to EN ISO 536) of at most ⁇ 50% of ⁇ , preferably at most ⁇ 40% of ⁇ , more preferably at most ⁇ 30% of ⁇ , still more preferably at most ⁇ 20% of ⁇ , and yet more preferably at most ⁇ 10% of ⁇ .
  • n is 10.
  • the optional one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [B] and/or the optional one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [H] and/or the one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [N] independently of one another are transparent. Transparence of optional the optional one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [B] is preferred in order to allow visibility of optional printing layer [C].
  • the optional one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [B] and/or the optional one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [H] and/or the one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [N] independently of one another each consist of two or more sublayers of the same or different material.
  • the silicon precursor in the sol-gel composition is typically hydrolyzed and condensed, thus forming a three-dimensional molecular network optionally with the synthetic organic moieties and/or the biomaterial.
  • the one or more crosslinked polysiloxane layers can be comprised of a single layer or of two or more sublayers.
  • the sol-gel composition can be applied in two or more coating steps. Where several layers are present, the layers can be the identical or different. Where sublayers are present, the sublayers may be identical or different.
  • the "one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers” can also be referred to as " sol-gel coating” or " silicon-based coating".
  • the one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers can be obtained by applying the sol-gel composition onto a laminar substrate, by any generally known coating technique, such as rod coating, blade coating, spraying, curtain coating, roll coating, dip coating, gravure coating, reverse gravure coating, or brushing.
  • the laminar substrate can be fiber-based substrate layer, optionally comprising or precoated with mineral layers and optionally further layers.
  • the packaging material according to the invention comprises mineral layer [D].
  • the packaging material according to the invention comprises mineral layer [F].
  • the packaging material according to the invention comprises mineral layer [L].
  • the packaging material according to the invention comprises mineral layer [J].
  • the packaging material according to the invention comprises the optional mineral layer [D] and/or the optional mineral layer [F] and/or the optional mineral layer [J] and/or the optional mineral layer [L].
  • These layers typically comprise binders and mineral pigments such as calcium carbonate, clay, talc etc. The mineral pigments provide brightness and smoothness to the surface.
  • the optional mineral layer [D] and/or the optional mineral layer [F] and/or the optional mineral layer [J] and/or the optional mineral layer [L] independently of one another contain a mineral selected from the group consisting of clay, calcined clay, non-calcined (hydrous) clay, talc, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, dolomite, gypsum, halloysite, metakaolin, fully calcined kaolin, silicate, mica, perlite, diatomaceous earth, magnesium hydroxide, barium sulphate, titanium dioxide, aluminum trihydrate, bentonite, quartz, or combinations thereof; preferably clay.
  • a mineral selected from the group consisting of clay, calcined clay, non-calcined (hydrous) clay, talc, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, dolomite, gypsum, halloysite, metakaolin, fully calcined kaolin, silicate, mica, perlite, diatomaceous earth, magnesium hydroxide, barium
  • the optional mineral layer [D] and/or the optional mineral layer [F] and/or the optional mineral layer [J] and/or the optional mineral layer [L] independently of one another comprise a binder, preferably a latex.
  • the latex is selected from isoprene-latices, styrene-isoprene-latices, styrene-butadiene-latices, styrene-ethylene-butadiene-latices, styrene-ethylene-propylene-latices, acrylate latices, vinylacetate latices, styrene-(meth)acrylate latices, vinylacetate-(meth)acrylate latices, styrene-butadiene-acrylonitrile latices, styrene-(meth)acrylate-acrylonitrile latices, styrene-butadiene-(meth)acrylate-acrylonitrile latices, styrene-maleic anhydride latices, styrene-(meth)acrylate-maleic anhydride latices, styrene-butyl
  • the content of the binder is within the range of from 5.0 to 20 wt.-%, and wherein the content of the pigment is within the range of from 80 to 95 wt.-%, in each case relative to the total weight of the optional mineral layer [D] and/or the optional mineral layer [F] and/or the optional mineral layer [J] and/or the optional mineral layer [L], respectively.
  • the optional mineral layer [D] and/or the optional mineral layer [F] and/or the optional mineral layer [J] and/or the optional mineral layer [L] independently of one another have an area weight, determined according to EN ISO 536, within the range of from 10 ⁇ 9.0 g ⁇ m -2 , preferably 10 ⁇ 8.0 g ⁇ m -2 , more preferably 10 ⁇ 7.0 g ⁇ m -2 , still more preferably 10 ⁇ 6.0 g ⁇ m -2 , yet more preferably 10 ⁇ 5.0 g ⁇ m -2 , even more preferably 10 ⁇ 4.0 g ⁇ m -2 , most preferably 10 ⁇ 3.0 g ⁇ m -2 , and in particular 10 ⁇ 2.0 g ⁇ m -2 .
  • the optional mineral layer [D] and/or the optional mineral layer [F] and/or the optional mineral layer [J] and/or the optional mineral layer [L] can be obtained by applying a suitable composition onto a laminar substrate, by any generally known coating technique, such as rod coating, blade coating, spraying, curtain coating, roll coating, dip coating, gravure coating, reverse gravure coating, or brushing.
  • the laminar substrate can be fiber-based substrate layer, optionally comprising or precoated with mineral layers and optionally further layers.
  • the packaging material according to the invention comprises fiber based substrate layer [E].
  • the optional fiber based substrate layer [E] and/or the fiber based substrate layer [K] independently of one another are based on paper, paperboard or cardboard.
  • the fiber based substrate is preferably a cellulosic material conventionally used in the manufacture of paper or packaging material.
  • the cellulosic material may be made from virgin pulp, recycle pulp or mixtures thereof.
  • the fiber based substrate may be essentially a single layer or may comprise two or more layers.
  • the fiber based substrate comprises one or more layers.
  • the fiber based substrate comprises a top layer, a middle layer and a back layer.
  • the middle layer (a) is located between the top layer and the back layer.
  • the thickness of the middle layer is greater than the thickness of the top layer.
  • the top layer, the middle layer and/or the back layer is based upon sulphate pulp; preferably bleached sulphate pulp.
  • the middle layer is based upon chemi-thermo-mechanical pulp; preferably in admixture with sulphate pulp, preferably bleached sulphate pulp.
  • the optional fiber based substrate layer [E] and/or the fiber based substrate layer [K] independently of one another are based on cellulose fibers.
  • the optional fiber based substrate layer [E] has an area weight, determined according to EN ISO 536, within the range of from 70 ⁇ 60 g ⁇ m -2 , preferably 70 ⁇ 50 g ⁇ m -2 , more preferably 70 ⁇ 40 g ⁇ m -2 , still more preferably 70 ⁇ 30 g ⁇ m -2 , yet more preferably 70 ⁇ 20 g ⁇ m -2 , even more preferably 70 ⁇ 15 g ⁇ m -2 , most preferably 70 ⁇ 10 g ⁇ m -2 , and in particular 70 ⁇ 5 g ⁇ m -2 .
  • the fiber based substrate layer [K] has an area weight, determined according to EN ISO 536, within the range of from 225 ⁇ 200 g ⁇ m -2 , preferably 225 ⁇ 175 g ⁇ m -2 , more preferably 225 ⁇ 150 g ⁇ m -2 , still more preferably 225 ⁇ 125 g ⁇ m -2 , yet more preferably 225 ⁇ 100 g ⁇ m -2 , even more preferably 225 ⁇ 75 g ⁇ m -2 , most preferably 225 ⁇ 50 g ⁇ m -2 , and in particular 225 ⁇ 25 g ⁇ m -2 .
  • the fiber based substrate layer [K] has an area weight, determined according to EN ISO 536, within the range of from 150 to 370 g ⁇ m -2 .
  • the fiber based substrate has an area weight, determined according to EN ISO 536, within the range of 200 ⁇ 50 g ⁇ m -2 , or 225 ⁇ 50 g ⁇ m -2 , or 250 ⁇ 50 g ⁇ m -2 , or 275 ⁇ 50 g ⁇ m -2 , or 300 ⁇ 50 g ⁇ m -2 , or 325 ⁇ 50 g ⁇ m -2 .
  • the fiber based substrate layer [K] has a total thickness, determined according to EN ISO 534, within the range of from 150 to 750 ⁇ m. In preferred embodiments, the fiber based substrate has a total thickness, determined according to EN ISO 534, within the range of 200 ⁇ 50 ⁇ m, or 225 ⁇ 50 ⁇ m, or 250 ⁇ 50 ⁇ m, or 275 ⁇ 50 ⁇ m, or 300 ⁇ 50 ⁇ m, or 325 ⁇ 50 ⁇ m, or 350 ⁇ 50 ⁇ m, or 375 ⁇ 50 ⁇ m, or 400 ⁇ 50 ⁇ m, or 425 ⁇ 50 ⁇ m, or 450 ⁇ 50 ⁇ m, or 475 ⁇ 50 ⁇ m, or 500 ⁇ 50 ⁇ m, or 525 ⁇ 50 ⁇ m, or 550 ⁇ 50 ⁇ m, or 575 ⁇ 50 ⁇ m, or 600 ⁇ 50 ⁇ m, or 625 ⁇ 50 ⁇ m, or 650 ⁇ 50 ⁇ m, or 675 ⁇ 50 ⁇ m, or 700 ⁇ 50 ⁇ m.
  • the packaging material according to the invention comprises barrier layer [G].
  • the packaging material according to the invention comprises barrier layer [1].
  • the packaging material according to the invention comprises barrier layer [M].
  • the optional barrier layer [G] and/or the optional barrier layer [I] and/or the optional barrier layer [M] independently of one another are based on a material selected from the group consisting of metal (e.g. aluminum), metal oxide (e.g. Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , CaO, MgO), polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH), ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH), polyamide, and combinations thereof; preferably ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH).
  • metal e.g. aluminum
  • metal oxide e.g. Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , CaO, MgO
  • PVOH polyvinyl alcohol
  • EVOH ethylene vinyl alcohol
  • polyamide ethylene vinyl alcohol
  • the optional barrier layer [G] and/or the optional barrier layer [I] and/or the optional barrier layer [M] independently of one another comprise a water-soluble polymer, preferably selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH), ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH), starch, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), polysaccharides, and combinations thereof.
  • a water-soluble polymer preferably selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH), ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH), starch, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), polysaccharides, and combinations thereof.
  • the optional barrier layer [G] and/or the optional barrier layer [I] and/or the optional barrier layer [M] independently of one another comprise the water-soluble polymer in an amount of from 50 to 100 wt.-%, preferably 70 to 95 wt.-%, more preferably 80 to 90 wt.-%, relative to the total weight of the optional barrier layer [G] and/or the optional barrier layer [I] and of the optional barrier layer [M], respectively.
  • the optional barrier layer [G] and/or the optional barrier layer [I] and/or the optional barrier layer [M] comprising water soluble polymer is preferably both protected by the optional one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [B] and/or the optional one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [H] and/or the one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [N] and also makes the laminate easier to recycle.
  • barrier materials i.e. polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH), ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH), starch, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), polysaccharides, and combinations thereof
  • PVOH polyvinyl alcohol
  • EVOH ethylene vinyl alcohol
  • CMC carboxymethylcellulose
  • polysaccharides and combinations thereof
  • the optional barrier layer [M] should not come into direct contact with water and humidity, respectively. It has been found that cross-linked polysiloxane layer [N] can sufficiently protect the optional barrier layer [M] against humidity.
  • the optional barrier layer [G] and/or the optional barrier layer [I] and/or the optional barrier layer [M] independently of one another may consist of two or more sublayers of essentially the same material. This can be advantageous in order to avoid pinholes.
  • the area weight of the optional barrier layer [G] and/or the optional barrier layer [I] and/or the optional barrier layer [M] independently of one another is expressed as the total area weight of all sublayers of the optional barrier layer [G] and all sublayers of the optional barrier layer [I] and all sublayers of the optional barrier layer [M], respectively.
  • the optional barrier layer [G] and/or the optional barrier layer [I] and/or the optional barrier layer [M] independently of one another have an area weight, determined according to EN ISO 536, within the range of from 2.0 ⁇ 1.8 g ⁇ m -2 , preferably 2.0 ⁇ 1.6 g ⁇ m -2 , more preferably 2.0 ⁇ 1.4 g ⁇ m -2 , still more preferably 2.0 ⁇ 1.2 g ⁇ m -2 , yet more preferably 2.0 ⁇ 1.0 g ⁇ m -2 , even more preferably 2.0 ⁇ 0.8 g ⁇ m -2 , most preferably 2.0 ⁇ 0.6 g ⁇ m -2 , and in particular 2.0 ⁇ 0.4 g ⁇ m -2 .
  • the optional barrier layer [G] and/or the optional barrier layer [I] and/or the optional barrier layer [M] can be obtained by applying a suitable composition onto a laminar substrate, by any generally known coating technique, such as rod coating, blade coating, spraying, curtain coating, roll coating, dip coating, gravure coating, reverse gravure coating, or brushing.
  • the laminar substrate can be fiber-based substrate layer, optionally comprising or precoated with mineral layers and optionally further layers.
  • the packaging material according to the invention comprises sealing layer [A].
  • the packaging material according to the invention comprises sealing layer [O] .
  • the optional sealing layer [A] and/or the optional sealing layer [O] independently of one another are heat-sealable.
  • the optional sealing layer [A] and/or the optional sealing layer [O] independently of one another are transparent. Transparence of optional sealing layer [A] is preferred in order to allow visibility of optional printing layer [C].
  • the optional sealing layer [A] and/or the optional sealing layer [O] independently of one another are an anti-moisture varnish, i.e. a varnish having barrier properties against water vapor.
  • the optional sealing layer [A] and/or the optional sealing layer [O] independently of one another are an anti-moisture anti-grease varnish.
  • a “varnish” preferably is a clear transparent solid protective finish or film. It may be pigmented as desired.
  • the term “varnish” according to the invention encompasses spirit-drying materials (e.g. “lacquers” ) and chemical-cure materials (i.e. thermosets).
  • the anti-moisture anti-grease varnish layer is typically based upon one or more synthetic polymers.
  • the anti-moisture anti-grease varnish functions as a barrier to moisture and grease.
  • the anti-moisture anti-grease varnish is preferably soluble neither in water nor in oil.
  • the barrier function to moisture and grease does not need to be absolute. It is contemplated that the anti-moisture anti-grease varnish according to the invention exhibits at least some barrier property for at least some time compared to a packaging material not containing the anti-moisture anti-grease varnish. The same analogously applies to an anti-moisture varnish with respect to the barrier properties against water vapor.
  • the varnish may comprise both, thermoset as well as thermoplastic materials.
  • a " heat-sealable varnish" according to the invention may be based upon a thermoset material, e.g. a thermoset polyurethane, in combination with a thermoplastic material, e.g. a thermoplastic polyolefin, whereas the thermoset material contributes to the film-forming protective properties and the thermoplastic material contributes to the heat-sealability.
  • the optional sealing layer [A] and/or the optional sealing layer [O] independently of one another are based upon a crosslinked thermoset material.
  • the optional sealing layer [A] and/or the optional sealing layer [O] independently of one another comprises a crosslinker.
  • the optional sealing layer [A] and/or the optional sealing layer [O] independently of one another are based on a polymer selected from the group consisting of
  • the optional sealing layer [A] and/or the optional sealing layer [O] independently of one another have an area weight, determined according to EN ISO 536, within the range of from 2.0 ⁇ 1.8 g ⁇ m -2 , preferably 2.0 ⁇ 1.6 g ⁇ m -2 , more preferably 2.0 ⁇ 1.4 g ⁇ m -2 , still more preferably 2.0 ⁇ 1.2 g ⁇ m -2 , yet more preferably 2.0 ⁇ 1.0 g ⁇ m -2 , even more preferably 2.0 ⁇ 0.8 g ⁇ m -2 , most preferably 2.0 ⁇ 0.6 g ⁇ m -2 , and in particular 2.0 ⁇ 0.4 g ⁇ m -2 .
  • the optional sealing layer [A] and/or the optional sealing layer [O] can be obtained by applying a suitable composition onto a laminar substrate, by any generally known coating technique, such as rod coating, blade coating, spraying, curtain coating, roll coating, dip coating, gravure coating, reverse gravure coating, or brushing.
  • the laminar substrate can be fiber-based substrate layer, optionally comprising or precoated with mineral layers and optionally further layers.
  • the optional sealing layer [A] and the optional sealing layer [O] independently of one another may be applied to the full surface area of the packaging material according to the invention, or only to a portion of the full surface area of the packaging material according to the invention.
  • the optional sealing layer [A] and the optional sealing layer [O] independently of one another may be applied as a pattern.
  • the packaging material according to the invention comprises printing layer [C].
  • the optional printing layer [C] comprises a latex, optionally together with a pigment.
  • the latex is selected from isoprene-latices, styrene-isoprene-latices, styrene-butadiene-latices, styrene-ethylene-butadiene-latices, styrene-ethylene-propylene-latices, acrylate latices, vinylacetate latices, styrene-(meth)acrylate latices, vinylacetate-(meth)acrylate latices, styrene-butadiene-acrylonitrile latices, styrene-(meth)acrylate-acrylonitrile latices, styrene-butadiene-(meth)acrylate-acrylonitrile latices, styrene-maleic anhydride latices, styrene-(meth)acrylate-maleic anhydride latices, styrene-butylene-(me
  • the pigment is selected from kaolin, feldspar, mica, calcined kaolin, clay, natural clay, delaminated clay, calcined clay, calcium carbonate, chalk, ground calcium carbonate, precipitated calcium carbonate, prespite calcium carbonate, talc, gypsum, aluminum trihydrates, titanium dioxide, zinc sulfide, zinc oxide, calcium sulfite, barium sulfate, magnesium hydroxide, amorphous silica, silicates, plastic pigments, and mixtures thereof.
  • the content of the latex is within the range of from 30 to 50 wt.-%, and wherein the content of the pigment is within the range of from 50 to 70 wt.-%, in each case relative to the total weight of the printing layer.
  • the printing layer comprises a cross-linker.
  • the cross-linker is selected from the group consisting of ammonium zirconium carbonate (AZC), potassium zirconium carbonate, potassium zirconium acetate, (methylated) melamine formaldehyde resin, (methylated) urea formaldehyde resin, glyoxal, imidazoline, imidazoline derivatives, di-aldehyde polysaccharides, and combinations thereof.
  • the optional printing layer [C] has an area weight, determined according to EN ISO 536, within the range of from 5.0 to 50 g ⁇ m -2 ; preferably 10 to 30 g ⁇ m -2 .
  • the printing layer comprises an upper sublayer and a lower sublayer.
  • the upper sublayer and the lower sublayer independently of one another each have an area weight, determined according to EN ISO 536, within the range of from 2.5 to 25 g ⁇ m -2 ; preferably 5.0 to 15 g ⁇ m -2 .
  • the optional printing layer [C] typically comprises a printed image and/or decoration.
  • the printed image and/or decoration covers at least 40% of the area of the optional printing layer [C]; preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 60%, still more preferably at least 70%, yet more preferably at least 80%, even more preferably at least 90%, most preferably at least 95%, an in particular about 100%.
  • the printed image and/or decoration is made from at least two different colors.
  • the printed image and/or decoration can be applied by means of printing inks that are commercially available and known to the skilled person.
  • the printing inks comprise vehicle, coloring ingredients, and additives.
  • the vehicle can be e.g. a vegetable base or a solvent base.
  • the coloring ingredients can be pigments, agents made from chemicals but soluble both in water and in solvents; and lacquers.
  • the additives stabilize the mixture and give the ink additional desirable characteristics.
  • the printed image and/or decoration has been applied by flexography, rotogravure of offset printing.
  • the optional printing layer [C] has an area weight, determined according to EN ISO 536, within the range of from 2.0 ⁇ 1.8 g ⁇ m -2 , preferably 2.0 ⁇ 1.6 g ⁇ m -2 , more preferably 2.0 ⁇ 1.4 g ⁇ m -2 , still more preferably 2.0 ⁇ 1.2 g ⁇ m -2 , yet more preferably 2.0 ⁇ 1.0 g ⁇ m -2 , even more preferably 2.0 ⁇ 0.8 g ⁇ m -2 , most preferably 2.0 ⁇ 0.6 g ⁇ m -2 , and in particular 2.0 ⁇ 0.4 g ⁇ m -2 .
  • the optional printing layer [C] can be obtained by applying a suitable composition onto a laminar substrate, by any generally known coating technique, such as rod coating, blade coating, spraying, curtain coating, roll coating, dip coating, gravure coating, reverse gravure coating, or brushing.
  • the laminar substrate can be fiber-based substrate layer, optionally comprising or precoated with mineral layers and optionally further layers.
  • the packaging material according to the invention has a total content of polyolefins, preferably of any synthetic organic polymers, of at most 5.0 wt.-%, relative to the total weight of the packaging material.
  • the packaging material has a total content of polyolefins, preferably of synthetic organic polymers, of at most 4.0 wt.-%, preferably at most 3.0 wt.-%, more preferably at most 2.0 wt.-%, still more preferably at most 1.0 wt.-%, yet more preferably at most 0.5 wt.-%, even more preferably at most 0.3 wt.-%, most preferably at most 0.2 wt.-%, and in particular at most 0.1 wt.-%.
  • polyolefins preferably of synthetic organic polymers
  • the total content of "synthetic organic polymers” includes all synthetic organic polymers that may be contained in any coating or layer of the packaging material but does not include the non-synthetic (i.e. natural) polymers that are contained in the fiber based substrate, e.g. the cellulosic materials of the packaging material such as cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and the like.
  • crosslinked polysiloxanes are no “synthetic organic polymers” in the meaning of the invention, but are “synthetic inorganic polymers", even if they carry organic functional groups and/or side chains such as methoxy groups, ethoxy groups, and the like.
  • the distinction of "synthetic organic polymers" on the one hand and the other constituents of the packaging material including e.g. the fiber-based substrate on the other hand shall serve the purpose of quantifying the recyclability of the overall material forming the packaging material according to the invention.
  • Minor chemical modifications of cellulosic fibers that are conventionally performed in the course of manufacture of packaging material are not considered to alter the recyclability and therefore do not render the non-synthetic (natural) polymers to become "synthetic organic polymers" according to the invention.
  • all "synthetic organic polymers” according to the invention were synthesized from monomers or comonomers but were not obtained by polymer analogous reactions of natural polymers with other substances reacting with functional groups and/or side chains of the polymer backbone of the natural polymers.
  • "synthetic organic polymers” according to the invention are those that are rejected according to the regulations related to circular economy and sustainability.
  • European Parliament and Council Directive 94/62/EC of 20 December 1994 on packaging and packaging waste
  • EU most current version Directive 2018/851 of the European Parliament and Council of 30 May 2018 amending Directive 2008/98/EC on waste.
  • the packaging material according to the invention has a Cobb 600 value determined according to EN ISO 535 of at most 0.8 g ⁇ m -2 , preferably at most 0.7 g ⁇ m -2 , more preferably at most 0.5 g ⁇ m -2 , still more preferably at most 0.5 g ⁇ m -2 , yet more preferably at most 0.4 g ⁇ m -2 , even more preferably at most 0.3 g ⁇ m -2 , most preferably at most 0.2 g ⁇ m -2 , and in particular at most 0.1 g ⁇ m -2 .
  • the packaging material has a Cobb 600 value determined according to EN ISO 535 of below 0.2 g ⁇ m -2 , preferably at most 0.1 g ⁇ m -2 .
  • the container after exposing the container for 120 seconds to water containing ice cubes, the container provides a Cobb value, determined according to EN ISO 535, of at most 20 g ⁇ m -2 , preferably at most 17.5 g ⁇ m -2 , more preferably at most 15 g ⁇ m -2 , still more preferably at most 12.5 g ⁇ m -2 , yet more preferably at most 10 g ⁇ m -2 , even more preferably at most 7.5 g ⁇ m -2 , most preferably at most 5.0 g ⁇ m -2 , and in particular at most 2.5 g ⁇ m -2 .
  • a Cobb value determined according to EN ISO 535
  • the packaging material according to the invention has a water vapor transmission rate, determined according to ASTM F-1249, in either direction of at most 8.0 g ⁇ h -1 ⁇ m -2 , preferably at most 7.5 g ⁇ h -1 ⁇ m -2 , more preferably at most 7.0 g ⁇ h -1 ⁇ m -2 , still more preferably at most 6.5 g ⁇ h -1 ⁇ m -2 , yet more preferably at most 6.0 g ⁇ h -1 ⁇ m -2 , even more preferably at most 5.5 g ⁇ h -1 ⁇ m -2 , most preferably at most 5.0 g ⁇ h -1 ⁇ m -2 , and in particular at most 4.5 g ⁇ h -1 ⁇ m -2 .
  • the process according to the invention is drawn to the manufacture of a container, preferably for packaging food or beverages, preferably dairy, plant-based food and/or frozen food, comprising the packaging material according to the invention as described above.
  • the container according to the invention is preferably for packaging of food or beverages, preferably dairy, plant-based food and/or frozen food.
  • the packaging material according to the invention forms the at least one wall of the container, preferably all walls of the container.
  • the lid may also be formed from the packaging material according to the invention or by a different material.
  • the container has an interior and an exterior, wherein the layers of the packaging material are arranged in alphabetical order from the exterior of the container towards the interior of the container.
  • fiber based substrate layer [K] and e.g. optional sealing layer [A] preferably face (are relatively oriented towards) the exterior of the container
  • the one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [N] and e.g. optional sealing layer [O] preferably face (are relatively oriented towards) the interior of the container.
  • Optional printing layer [C] is preferably visible from the exterior through the optional sealing layer [A] and the optional one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [B] .
  • Figure 18 schematically illustrates a perspective view of a preferred container (1) according to the invention for packaging dairy, plant-based food and/or frozen food made from the packaging material according to the invention.
  • the container (1) comprises an interior (2) for receiving the dairy, plant-based food and/or frozen food, which is formed by a sidewall (3) having rim (4) and bottom (5).
  • the sidewall (3) has a first edge (6) and a second edge (7) which are arranged in an overlapping manner at side seam area (8).
  • the sidewall is formed from the packaging material according to the invention.
  • the bottom (5) may also be formed from the packaging material according to the invention or from a different material.
  • Figure 19 schematically illustrates a cross-sectional view of a preferred container (1) according to the invention for packaging dairy, plant-based food and/or frozen food made from the packaging material according to the invention.
  • the container (1) comprises an interior (2) for receiving the dairy, plant-based food and/or frozen food, which is formed by a sidewall (3) having rim (4) and bottom (5).
  • the rim is joined with sidewall (3) by means of seal (9).
  • the bottom (5) comprises annular section (10) about which sidewall (3) is folded thereby forming annular collar (11).
  • Figure 20 schematically illustrates a top view of a preferred embodiment of the side seam area (8) where the first edge (6) of the sidewall (3) is joined to the second edge (7) of the sidewall (3) which are arranged in an overlapping manner.
  • the sidewall (3) is formed from the packaging material according to the invention comprising at least layers [A], [K] and [N] as shown, and optionally additional layers (not shown).
  • the sealing layer [A] at first edge (6) is joined, preferably sealed to the one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [N] at second edge (7).
  • Figure 21 schematically illustrates a top view of another preferred embodiment of the side seam area (8) where the first edge (6) of the sidewall (3) is joined to the second edge (7) of the sidewall (3) which are arranged in an overlapping manner.
  • the sidewall (3) is formed from the packaging material according to the invention comprising at least layers [K], [N] and [O] as shown, and optionally additional layers (not shown).
  • the fiber based substrate layer [K] at first edge (6) is joined, preferably sealed to the sealing layer [O] at second edge (7).
  • Figure 22 schematically illustrates a top view of a further preferred embodiment of the side seam area (8) where the first edge (6) of the sidewall (3) is joined to the second edge (7) of the sidewall (3) which are arranged in an overlapping manner.
  • the sidewall (3) is formed from the packaging material according to the invention comprising at least layers [A], [K], [N] and [O] as shown, and optionally additional layers (not shown).
  • the sealing layer [A] at first edge (6) is joined, preferably sealed to the sealing layer [O] at second edge (7).
  • Figure 23 schematically illustrates a top view of still another preferred embodiment of the side seam area (8) where the first edge (6) of the sidewall (3) is joined to the second edge (7) of the sidewall (3) which are arranged in an overlapping manner.
  • the sidewall (3) is formed from the packaging material according to the invention comprising at least layers [A], [K] and [N] as shown, and optionally additional layers (not shown).
  • the one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [N] is missing at first edge (6) so that it only covers the fiber based substrate layer [K] apart from side seam area (8).
  • the sealing layer [A] at first edge (6) is joined, preferably sealed to the fiber based substrate layer [K] at second edge (7).
  • Dairy according to the invention includes but is not limited to milk, fermented milk, yoghurt, cheese, cream, quark, fromage frais, cream cheese, kefir, butter, and the like but also margarine.
  • Plant-based food according to the invention means any food but animal products.
  • Plant-based food according to the invention includes but is not limited to vegetables, fruits, grains, legumes, nuts, seeds, herbs, and spices.
  • Frozen food according to the invention includes but is not limited to ice cream and convenience food.
  • the container typically defines a holding space, preferably configured for receiving the food or beverages, preferably dairy, plant-based food and/or frozen food, wherein the holding space is at least partially surrounded by the packaging material.
  • the container according to the invention is a cup or a tube.
  • the container contains dairy, plant-based food and/or frozen food.
  • the container may be closed with a lid.
  • Materials for producing a lid are not particularly limited and include metal foil, polymer film, packaging material, other laminates, and the like.
  • the lid is sealed to a rim of the container.
  • the process according to the invention is for the preparation of a container which comprises a sidewall with an opening and optionally a bottom.
  • the process according to the invention comprises the steps of
  • the first element is prepared by cutting a roll or a board made of the packaging material, preferably of the packaging material according to the invention as described above.
  • the container has an interior and an exterior, wherein upon forming at least the sidewall of the container in step (b), the cross-linked polysiloxane layer faces the interior of the container, whereas the fiber-based substrate layer faces the exterior of the container.
  • the first element is made of the packaging material according to the invention as described above, i.e. comprises at least the fiber based substrate layer [K] and the one or more crosslinked polysiloxane layers [N].
  • the first element is made of the packaging material that additionally comprises one or more of the optional sealing layer [A], the optional one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [B], the optional printing layer [C], the optional mineral layer [D], the optional mineral layer [L], the optional barrier layer [M], and/or the optional sealing layer [O] .
  • the first element is made of the packaging material that additionally comprises one or more of the optional fiber based substrate layer [E], the optional mineral layer [F], the optional barrier layer [G], the optional one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [H], the optional barrier layer [I] and/or the optional mineral layer [J].
  • the container has an interior and an exterior, wherein upon forming at least the sidewall of the container in step (b), the layers of the packaging material are arranged in alphabetical order from the exterior of the container towards the interior of the container.
  • joining at least the two edges of the first element with one another in step (b) is performed by sealing, preferably under the application of heat.
  • the process according to the invention comprises the additional steps of
  • the second element is also prepared by cutting a roll or a board made of the packaging material, preferably of the packaging material according to the invention as described above.
  • the container has an interior and an exterior, wherein upon forming the bottom of the container in step (d), the cross-linked polysiloxane layer faces the interior of the container, whereas the fiber-based substrate layer faces the exterior of the container.
  • the second element is made of the packaging material according to the invention as described above, i.e. comprises at least the fiber based substrate layer [K] and the one or more crosslinked polysiloxane layers [N].
  • the second element is made of the packaging material that additionally comprises one or more of the optional sealing layer [A], the optional one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [B], the optional printing layer [C], the optional mineral layer [D], the optional mineral layer [L], the optional barrier layer [M], and/or the optional sealing layer [O].
  • the second element is made of the packaging material that additionally comprises one or more of the optional fiber based substrate layer [E], the optional mineral layer [F], the optional barrier layer [G], the optional one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [H], the optional barrier layer [I] and/or the optional mineral layer [J].
  • the container has an interior and an exterior, wherein upon forming the bottom of the container in step (d), the layers of the packaging material are arranged in alphabetical order from the exterior of the container towards the interior of the container.
  • joining in step (d) is performed by sealing, preferably under the application of heat.
  • Printing layer [C] in each case where it is present comprises a print image and is based on 30 wt.-% of a vinylacetate latex and 70 wt.-% calcium carbonate.
  • Mineral layer [D] in each case where it is present is based on 10 wt.-% of a styrene-maleic anhydride latex and 90 wt.-% clay.
  • Fiber-based substrate layer [K] in each case where it is present is based on cellulosic cardboard.
  • Mineral layer [L] in each case where it is present is based on 10 wt.-% of a styrene-maleic anhydride latex and 90 wt.-% clay.
  • Barrier layer [M] in each case where it is present is based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH).
  • sol-gel compositions A through F comprising the following ingredients at the following content: [mole.-%] A B C D E F tetramethoxy silane 30 30 20 (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxy silane 45 35 67 (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane N-2-(vinylbenzyl-amino)-ethyl-3- amino-propyl trimethoxy silane (40% MeOH) 80 3-methacryloxy-propyl trimethoxy silane 67 3-aminopropyl trimethoxy silane 5 9 aluminum tri-sec-butoxide 10 7.5 16.5 zirconium n-propoxide (70% in PrOH) 10 7.5 16.5 ethyl acetoacetate 16.5 methacrylic acid 16.5 triethanolamine 20 MeOH + EtOH 91 PrOH + + H 2 O + curing mode heat heat heat heat heat heat heat heat heat heat heat heat heat UV 1 UV 1 heat 1 1-hydroxycyclohexyl
  • each of the thus obtained sol-gel compositions A through F is applied to each of laminated cardboards, namely to
  • the wet layer of the thus applied sol-gel composition is cured at elevated temperature and under exposure to UV light, respectively.
  • Solvent is evaporated under reduced pressure and at elevated temperature thereby obtaining one cross-linked polysiloxane layer [N] : area weight [g ⁇ m -2 ] 1 A-F 2 A-F 3 A-F 4 A-F 5 A-F 6 A-F 7 A-F 8 A-F 9 A-F 10 A-F printing layer [C] - - 10 - 10 - 10 - 10 10 mineral layer [D] - 15 - 15 - 15 - 15 fiber-based substrate layer [K] 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300 325 350 mineral layer [L] - - - 15 15 - - 15 15 15 barrier layer [M] - - - - - - 10 10 10 10 10 cross-linked polysiloxane layer [N] 2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 2 In each case 6 samples having different compositions of cross-linked polysiloxan
  • Elements of suitable size and shape are prepared by cutting the thus obtained packaging material. Two edges of said elements are joined to one another and to a bottom element by means of sealing layer [O] under the application of heat thereby obtaining a container as shown in Figures 18 and 19 .
  • Two laminated cardboards comprising the following layers at the following area weights determined according to EN ISO 536 were provided: [g ⁇ m -2 ] 11 12 sealing layer [A] based upon anti moisture varnish 3.0 3.0 printing layer [C] mineral layer [D] based upon clay 5.0 10 fiber based substrate layer [E] 60 200 mineral layer [F] based upon clay 5.0 - barrier layer [G] based upon PVOH 1.5 1.0 one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [H] 3.0 3.0 barrier layer [I] based upon PVOH 1.5 1.0 mineral layer [J] based upon clay - 2.0 fiber based substrate layer [K] 185 43 mineral layer [L] based upon clay 10 7.0 one or more cross-linked polysiloxane layers [N] 3.0 3.0 sealing layer [O] (pattern or full surface) 1.5 1.5 taping (PE/PET/PE) total area weight [g ⁇ m -2 ] 278.5 274.5 content of paper [wt.-%] 95.15 95.45 content of synthetic polymer 2.69
  • the laminated cardboard according to Example 11 has the advantages that fiber based substrate [K] is composed of cardboard (not paper) which as such exhibits a certain degree of water repellency compared to thinner paper. Thus, less moisture barrier needs to be applied on the inside of the cardboard (layers [L] , [N] , and [O] ). Applying printing layer [C] in turn can be more cost-efficient. Under these circumstances, it is preferred to apply sealing layer [O] as full surface sealant (no pattern). Oxygen barrier can be placed near the outside and thus less influences the product which is protected by the cardboard and the lamination.
  • the laminated cardboard according to Example 12 has the advantages that water-repellency can be put in the lamination-layer between fiber based substrate [K] (paper) and fiber based substrate [E] (cardboard). In consequence, the barrier layers are closer to the product and there is less influence of humidity on the card board, which is thus more protected and more rigid.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Wrappers (AREA)
EP23155061.7A 2023-02-06 2023-02-06 Procédé de formation d'un récipient ouvert pour produits laitiers, aliments à base de plantes et/ou aliments congelés Pending EP4411064A1 (fr)

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AU2024217142A AU2024217142A1 (en) 2023-02-06 2024-02-05 A process of forming an open container for dairy, plant-based food and/or frozen food
PCT/EP2024/052710 WO2024165467A1 (fr) 2023-02-06 2024-02-05 Procédé de formation de récipient ouvert pour produits laitiers, aliments d'origine végétale et/ou aliments surgelés
CN202480023837.XA CN121002253A (zh) 2023-02-06 2024-02-05 形成用于乳制品、植物性食品和/或冷冻食品的开口容器的方法

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