Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
  • B32B38/18—Handling of layers or the laminate
  • B32B38/1866—Handling of layers or the laminate conforming the layers or laminate to a convex or concave profile
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
  • C03C27/00—Joining pieces of glass to pieces of other inorganic material; Joining glass to glass other than by fusing
  • C03C27/06—Joining glass to glass by processes other than fusing
  • C03C27/10—Joining glass to glass by processes other than fusing with the aid of adhesive specially adapted for that purpose
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B1/00—Layered products having a non-planar shape
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
  • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
  • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
  • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
  • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
  • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
  • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
  • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
  • B32B17/1022—Metallic coatings
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
  • B32B38/0036—Heat treatment
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
  • B32B38/14—Printing or colouring
  • B32B38/145—Printing
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
  • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
  • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
  • C03C14/00—Glass compositions containing a non-glass component, e.g. compositions containing fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like, dispersed in a glass matrix
  • C03C14/004—Glass compositions containing a non-glass component, e.g. compositions containing fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like, dispersed in a glass matrix the non-glass component being in the form of particles or flakes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
  • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
  • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
  • C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
  • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
  • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
  • C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
  • C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
  • C03C17/3626—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer one layer at least containing a nitride, oxynitride, boronitride or carbonitride
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
  • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
  • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
  • C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
  • C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
  • C03C17/3639—Multilayers containing at least two functional metal layers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
  • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
  • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
  • C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
  • C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
  • C03C17/3644—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the metal being silver
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
  • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
  • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
  • C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
  • C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
  • C03C17/3649—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer made of metals other than silver
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
  • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
  • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
  • C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
  • C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
  • C03C17/3652—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the coating stack containing at least one sacrificial layer to protect the metal from oxidation
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
  • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
  • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
  • C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
  • C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
  • C03C17/3657—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the multilayer coating having optical properties
  • C03C17/366—Low-emissivity or solar control coatings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
  • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
  • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
  • C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
  • C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
  • C03C17/3681—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the multilayer coating being used in glazing, e.g. windows or windscreens
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
  • C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
  • C03C8/14—Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill-additions
  • C03C8/16—Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill-additions with vehicle or suspending agents, e.g. slip
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
  • B32B2250/02—2 layers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
  • B32B2255/20—Inorganic coating
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2264/00—Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
  • B32B2264/10—Inorganic particles
  • B32B2264/102—Oxide or hydroxide
  • B32B2264/1025—Zinc oxide
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2264/00—Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
  • B32B2264/30—Particles characterised by physical dimension
  • B32B2264/302—Average diameter in the range from 100 nm to 1000 nm
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2264/00—Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
  • B32B2264/30—Particles characterised by physical dimension
  • B32B2264/303—Average diameter greater than 1µm
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
  • B32B2307/20—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
  • B32B2307/202—Conductive
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
  • B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
  • B32B2307/304—Insulating
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
  • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
  • B32B2307/402—Coloured
  • B32B2307/4026—Coloured within the layer by addition of a colorant, e.g. pigments, dyes
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
  • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
  • B32B2307/412—Transparent
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
  • C03C2214/00—Nature of the non-vitreous component
  • C03C2214/04—Particles; Flakes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
  • C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
  • C03C2217/40—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer
  • C03C2217/43—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase
  • C03C2217/44—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase characterized by the composition of the continuous phase
  • C03C2217/45—Inorganic continuous phases
  • C03C2217/452—Glass
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
  • C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
  • C03C2217/40—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer
  • C03C2217/43—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase
  • C03C2217/46—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase characterized by the dispersed phase
  • C03C2217/47—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase characterized by the dispersed phase consisting of a specific material
  • C03C2217/475—Inorganic materials
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
  • C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
  • C03C2217/40—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer
  • C03C2217/43—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase
  • C03C2217/46—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase characterized by the dispersed phase
  • C03C2217/48—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase characterized by the dispersed phase having a specific function
  • C03C2217/485—Pigments

Definitions

• the invention relates to the field of laminated curved glazing for motor vehicles, for example for roofs or windshields, comprising a sheet of glass coated with a stack of thin layers and a layer of enamel.
• Laminated glazing is glazing in which two sheets of glass are adhesively bonded by means of a lamination insert.
• the latter makes it possible in particular to retain shards of glass in the event of breakage, but also provides other functionalities, in particular in terms of burglary resistance or improved acoustic properties.
• These glazings often include coatings of various types, intended to impart different properties.
• Layers of enamel are often deposited on part of the glazing, usually in the form of a peripheral band intended to conceal and protect against ultraviolet radiation the polymeric seals used to fix and position the glazing on the body bay. Enameled areas also conceal the attachment areas for the interior mirror and various connectors and sensors.
• enamel layers are generally arranged on face 2, the faces being traditionally numbered from the face intended to be positioned outside the vehicle. Face 2 is therefore a face in contact with the lamination insert.
• the aesthetic appearance of the enamel layer seen from the outside of the vehicle is of particular importance for car manufacturers.
• Enamel is generally obtained by firing above 500°C a composition comprising a glass frit and pigments.
• a glass frit consists of fine particles of a low melting point glass, which under the effect of a baking heat treatment softens and adheres to the glass sheet.
• a mineral layer is thus formed, generally opaque, with high chemical and mechanical resistance, adhering perfectly to the glass while maintaining the pigment particles.
• the firing step is generally carried out simultaneously with the bending of the glass sheet.
• the two sheets of glass of the glazing are often bent together, the sheet of glass intended to be positioned inside the vehicle generally being arranged above the other sheet of glass, who wears the enamel.
• each sheet of glass is bent separately.
• the enamel must have non-stick properties in order to prevent, during bending, any sticking between the two sheets of glass or between the glass sheet and the bending tools.
• glazes containing bismuth are usually used, i.e. obtained from glass frits containing bismuth oxide.
• Coatings may also be present on one of the glass sheets of the laminated glazing. They may in particular be electrically conductive layers, which may provide two types of functionality.
• the electrically conductive layers can on the one hand, when current leads are provided, dissipate heat by Joule effect. These are then heating layers, useful for example for defrosting or demisting. These layers also have, through their reflection of infrared radiation, solar control or low emissivity properties. The layers are then appreciated for improving thermal comfort or for the energy savings they provide, by reducing consumption for heating or air conditioning.
• These stacks of layers are generally arranged on face 3 of the laminated glazing, therefore also in contact with the lamination insert.
• Application WO 2019/106264 proposes modifying the stack of thin layers by adding an oxide layer between the stack and the enamel comprising bismuth. However, it is not always possible to make such a change.
• the object of the invention is to obviate these disadvantages.
• the subject of the invention is a process for obtaining a curved laminated glazing, in particular for the windshield or roof of a motor vehicle, comprising the following successive steps: To. the supply of a first sheet of glass, coated on at least part of one of its faces with a stack of thin layers, b. a step of depositing, on part of the surface of the stack of thin layers, a layer of enamel, the deposition being carried out by screen printing of an enamel composition comprising from 1 to 15% by weight of particles zinc oxide having a particle size distribution by volume such that the d90 is at most 5 ⁇ m, vs.
• the invention also relates to a curved laminated glazing, in particular for the windshield or roof of a motor vehicle, obtained or capable of being obtained by this process.
• This glazing comprises a first glass sheet coated on at least part of one of its faces with a stack of thin layers coated on part of its surface with an enamel layer comprising zinc oxide particles having a particle size distribution by volume such that the d90 is at most 5 ⁇ m, said first glass sheet being laminated with an additional glass sheet by means of a lamination spacer, said enamel layer facing towards said spacer leafing.
• the use of zinc oxide particles makes it possible to reduce the mechanical embrittlement of the glass by the enamel and to improve the optical properties of the enamel, while reducing the risk of sticking during bending, i.e. between the two sheets of glass or between the glass sheet and the bending tools, depending on the bending process used.
• the first sheet of glass can be flat or curved.
• the first sheet of glass is generally flat when the stack of thin layers is deposited, then the enamel layer, and is then curved during step c.
• the first sheet of glass is therefore curved in the curved laminated glazing according to the invention.
• the glass of the first glass sheet is typically a silico-soda-lime glass, but other glasses, for example borosilicates or aluminosilicates can also be used.
• the first sheet of glass is preferably obtained by floating, that is to say by a process consisting in pouring molten glass onto a bath of molten tin.
• the first sheet of glass can be clear glass or tinted glass, preferably tinted glass, for example green, gray or blue.
• the chemical composition of the first sheet of glass advantageously comprises iron oxide, in a content by weight ranging from 0.5 to 2%. It can also comprise other coloring agents, such as for example cobalt oxide, chromium oxide, nickel oxide, erbium oxide, or even selenium.
• the first sheet of glass preferably has a thickness comprised in a range ranging from 0.7 to 19 mm, in particular from 1 to 10 mm, particularly from 2 to 6 mm, or even from 2 to 4 mm.
• the lateral dimensions of the first sheet of glass (and of the additional sheet of glass) are to be adapted according to those of the laminated glazing into which it is intended to be integrated.
• the first glass sheet (and/or the additional glass sheet) preferably has an area of at least 1 m2.
• the first sheet of glass is preferably coated with the stack of thin layers over at least 70%, in particular over at least 90%, or even over the entire surface of the face of the glass sheet. Certain zones may not be coated in order in particular to provide communication windows allowing the waves to pass.
• the stack is preferably coated with the enamel layer over 2 to 25%, in particular 3 to 20%, or even 5 to 15% of its surface.
• the enamel layer preferably comprises a peripheral strip, that is to say a strip closed on itself which, from each point of the periphery of the first sheet of glass, extends towards the inside of the first sheet of glass over a certain width, generally variable, typically between 1 and 20 cm depending on the areas of the final glazing.
• the stack of thin layers is preferably in contact with the glass sheet.
• the enamel layer is preferably in contact with the stack of thin layers.
• Contact in this text means physical contact.
• the expression “based on” is preferably meant the fact that the layer in question comprises at least 50% by weight of the material considered, in particular 60%, even 70% and even 80% or 90%.
• the layer may even essentially consist or consist of this material.
• essentially consist it should be understood that the layer can include impurities without influence on its properties.
• oxide or “nitride” do not necessarily mean that the oxides or nitrides are stoichiometric. They can indeed be under-stoichiometric, over-stoichiometric or stoichiometric.
• the stack preferably comprises at least one layer based on a nitride.
• the nitride is in particular a nitride of at least one element chosen from aluminum, silicon, zirconium, titanium. It may comprise a nitride of at least two or three of these elements, for example a silicon and zirconium nitride, or a silicon and aluminum nitride.
• the layer based on a nitride is a layer based on silicon nitride, more particularly a layer consisting essentially of a silicon nitride.
• the silicon nitride layer When the silicon nitride layer is deposited by sputtering, it generally contains aluminum, because it is customary to dope silicon targets with aluminum in order to accelerate the deposition rates.
• the layer based on a nitride preferably has a physical thickness comprised in a range ranging from 2 to 100 nm, in particular from 5 to 80 nm.
• Nitride-based layers are commonly used in a number of stacks of thin layers because they have advantageous blocking properties, in the sense that they prevent the oxidation of other layers present in the stack, in particular functional layers. which will be described below.
• the stack preferably comprises at least one functional layer, in particular an electrically conductive functional layer.
• the functional layer is preferably comprised between two thin dielectric layers, at least one of which is a nitride-based layer.
• Other possible dielectric layers are for example layers of oxides or oxynitrides.
• At least one electrically conductive functional layer is advantageously chosen from: - the metallic layers, in particular silver or niobium, or even gold, and - the layers of a transparent conductive oxide, chosen in particular from indium and tin oxide, doped tin oxides (for example with fluorine or antimony) and doped zinc oxides (for example aluminum or gallium).
• low-emission glazing makes it possible in hot weather to reflect part of the solar radiation outwards, and therefore to limit the heating of the passenger compartment of said vehicles, and if necessary to reduce air conditioning costs.
• these glazings allow the heat to be retained within the passenger compartment, and therefore reduce the energy cost of heating. It is the same in the case of the glazing equipping the buildings.
• the stack of thin layers comprises at least one layer of silver, in particular one, two or three, or even four layers of silver.
• the physical thickness of the silver layer or, where appropriate, the sum of the thicknesses of the silver layers is preferably between 2 and 50 nm, in particular between 3 and 40 nm.
• the stack of thin layers comprises at least one layer of indium tin oxide. Its physical thickness is preferably between 30 and 200 nm, especially between 40 and 150 nm.
• each of these layers is preferably framed by at least two dielectric layers.
• the dielectric layers are preferably based on oxide, nitride and/or oxynitride of at least one element chosen from silicon, aluminum, titanium, zinc, zirconium and tin.
• At least part of the stack of thin layers can be deposited by various known techniques, for example by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), or by cathode sputtering, in particular assisted by a magnetic field (magnetron process).
• CVD chemical vapor deposition
• cathode sputtering in particular assisted by a magnetic field (magnetron process).
• the stack of thin layers is preferably deposited by sputtering, in particular assisted by magnetic field.
• a plasma is created under a high vacuum in the vicinity of a target comprising the chemical elements to be deposited.
• the active species of the plasma by bombarding the target, tear off said elements, which are deposited on the glass sheet, forming the desired thin layer.
• This process is said to be "reactive" when the layer is made of a material resulting from a chemical reaction between the elements torn from the target and the gas contained in the plasma.
• the major advantage of this process lies in the possibility of depositing on the same line a very complex stack of layers by successively scrolling the glass sheet under different targets, generally in a single device.
• the aforementioned stacks have electricity conduction and infrared reflection properties that are useful for providing a heating function (defrosting, demisting) and/or a thermal insulation function.
• the stack of thin layers When the stack of thin layers is intended to provide a heating function, current leads must be provided. It may in particular be strips of silver paste deposited by screen printing on the stack of thin layers, at the level of two opposite edges of the glass sheet.
• enamel composition refers to the liquid composition which is used to deposit a layer of wet enamel during step b.
• enamel layer is used to qualify the layer at each stage of the process, both the wet layer (before any pre-firing, if necessary before drying) and the final layer (after firing).
• the enamel layer is preferably deposited from an enamel composition comprising at least one pigment, at least one glass frit as well as the zinc oxide particles.
• the enamel composition like the enamel layer, preferably does not include lead oxide.
• the enamel composition generally also comprises an organic medium, intended to facilitate the application of the composition to the substrate as well as its temporary adhesion to the latter, and which is eliminated during the pre-curing or during enamel firing.
• the medium typically includes solvents, thinners, oils and/or resins.
• the glass frit is capable of dissolving the underlying stack of layers.
• the glass frit is based on borosilicate (or borate) of bismuth and zinc.
• the bismuth and/or boron contents are preference higher than those of the glass frits usually employed in order to make it more "aggressive" with respect to the stacking of layers.
• the pigments preferably comprise one or more oxides chosen from chromium, copper, iron, manganese, cobalt and nickel oxides. These may be, for example, copper and/or iron chromates.
• particles of zinc oxide we mean particles consisting or essentially consisting of zinc oxide (impurities which may be present). This term therefore does not cover the glass frit particles, which may contain zinc oxide in its composition.
• d90 we conventionally mean the value such that 90% of the particles (by volume) have a size less than this value.
• the particle size distribution by volume of the particles is preferably determined by laser granulometry.
• the zinc oxide particles have a particle size distribution by volume such that the d90 is at most 3 ⁇ m, in particular at most 1 ⁇ m.
• the zinc oxide particles have a particle size distribution by volume such that the d50 is between 200 and 900 nm, in particular between 300 and 800 nm.
• the content of zinc oxide particles in the enamel composition is preferably between 2 and 10% by weight, in particular between 3 and 8% by weight.
• the enamel composition further comprises refractory particles having a diameter of at least 20 ⁇ m in a volume proportion of at least 0.5%, but no particles having a diameter greater than 80 ⁇ m.
• refractory particles particles whose morphology is not significantly affected during bending. These particles must have a melting or softening temperature well above the temperatures undergone during bending, and must not be dissolved by the frit either.
• the refractory particles are in particular based on metal oxides or metals.
• the metal oxides are in particular simple oxides, such as for example aluminum, zirconium or titanium oxide, or complex oxides such as glass frits with a high melting point or inorganic pigments (the latter being in particular called “complex inorganic colored pigments" or CICPs).
• the presence of a sufficient proportion of "large” refractory particles also makes it possible to prevent the glass sheets from sticking together during bending, or bonding of the glass sheet with the bending tools. Due to their size, the large refractory particles create during bending a morphology in which the particles form peaks, the molten or softened glass frit gathering in the valleys. This size of 20 ⁇ m and more is much larger than that of glass frit and conventionally used pigments.
• the volume proportion of refractory particles having a size (or diameter) of 20 ⁇ m and more is preferably determined by laser granulometry. This proportion is at least 0.5% and preferably at least 1%, in particular at least 2% and even at least 3%.
• the enamel composition contains refractory particles whose diameter is at least 30 ⁇ m, in particular at least 40 ⁇ m, and even at least 50 ⁇ m, in the volume proportions mentioned above.
• the fineness of the enamel composition is between 20 and 80 ⁇ m, in particular between 40 and 60 ⁇ m.
• the enamel composition does not contain particles (refractory or not) with a diameter greater than 80 ⁇ m in order to allow a good deposition by screen printing.
• the presence of such particles can be determined by laser granulometry or using a Hegman gauge.
• the deposition of the enamel layer is carried out by screen printing.
• a screen printing screen is placed on the glass sheet, which comprises meshes, some of which are closed, then the enamel composition is deposited on the screen, then a doctor blade is applied in order to force the composition enamel to pass through the screen in areas where the screen meshes are not sealed, so as to form a layer of moist enamel.
• the mesh size of the screen is preferably at least 40 ⁇ m, in particular at least 60 ⁇ m, or even at least 70 ⁇ m.
• a mesh opening that is too small will trap the particles and prevent their homogeneous deposition, while an opening that is too large leads to too high an enamel thickness which risks weakening the glass mechanically.
• the mesh opening is preferably at most 100 ⁇ m, in particular at most 80 ⁇ m.
• the thickness of the wet enamel layer is preferably between 15 and 40 ⁇ m, in particular between 20 and 30 ⁇ m.
• Step b is preferably immediately followed by a drying step, intended to eliminate at least part of the solvent contained in the enamel composition.
• a drying step intended to eliminate at least part of the solvent contained in the enamel composition.
• Such drying is typically carried out at a temperature between 120 and 180°C.
• the bending can in particular be carried out by gravity (the glass deforming under its own weight) or by pressing, at temperatures typically ranging from 550 to 650°C.
• the two sheets of glass are bent separately. In this case, it is important to avoid any sticking between the first sheet of glass and the bending tools.
• the first glass sheet and the additional glass sheet are bent together, the enamel layer being turned towards said additional glass sheet.
• the glass sheets can be kept at a distance by placing between them an interlayer powder ensuring a space of a few tens of micrometers, typically 20 to 50 ⁇ m.
• the intermediate powder is for example based on calcium carbonate and/or magnesium.
• the enamel layer is opaque, black in color.
• Its clarity L* measured in reflection on the glass side is preferably less than 5. It has been observed that the addition of zinc oxide particles makes it possible to reduce the value of the clarity L*, and therefore to obtain an enamel of a deeper black.
• the enamel layer advantageously forms a strip around the periphery of the first sheet of glass. In this way, the enamel layer is able to hide and protect joints, connectors and even sensors against ultraviolet radiation.
• the method preferably comprises, between step b) and step c), a step b1) of pre-baking the enamel layer during which the stack of thin layers located under the enamel layer is at the least partially dissolved by said enamel layer.
• This step is particularly useful in the second embodiment previously described, in which the first glass sheet and the additional glass sheet are bent together, the enamel layer facing the additional glass sheet.
• the dissolution of the stack of thin layers by the enamel makes it possible to avoid the aforementioned interactions.
• the constituent elements of the stack are dissolved in the enamel layer, which is, at least at the end of the bending step (step c), in direct contact with the glass sheet.
• the total dissolution of the stack of thin layers can in particular be observed by electron microscopy. Electrical measurements, in particular of square resistance, also make it possible to observe the dissolution of the stack.
• the pre-cooking step is preferably carried out at a temperature of between 150 and 800°C, in particular between 500 and 700°C.
• Such a pre-baking makes it possible to eliminate the organic medium, or in general any organic component possibly present in the enamel layer.
• the stack of thin layers is preferably at least partially dissolved by the enamel layer.
• the stack may even be completely dissolved by the glaze layer during pre-firing. Alternatively, it may be only partially dissolved during the pre-cooking, and it is then completely dissolved during the bending (step c).
• the lamination step can be carried out by treatment in an autoclave, for example at temperatures of 110 to 160° C. and under a pressure ranging from 10 to 15 bars. Prior to the autoclave treatment, the air trapped between the glass sheets and the lamination insert can be eliminated by calendering or by depression.
• the additional sheet is preferably the inner sheet of the laminated glazing, that is to say the sheet located on the concave side of the glazing, intended to be positioned inside the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
• the coatings are arranged on face 2 of the laminated glazing.
• the additional glass sheet can be made of silico-soda-lime glass, or even of borosilicate or aluminosilicate glass. It can be clear or tinted glass. Its thickness is preferably between 0.5 and 4 mm, in particular between 1 and 3 mm.
• the additional glass sheet has a thickness between 0.5 and 1.2 mm.
• the additional glass sheet is in particular made of sodium aluminosilicate glass, preferably chemically reinforced.
• the additional sheet of glass is preferably the inner sheet of the laminated glazing.
• the invention is particularly useful for this type of configuration, for which it is difficult to arrange the stack of thin layers on face 3.
• the chemical reinforcement also called "ion exchange" consists in bringing the surface of the glass into contact with a molten potassium salt (for example potassium nitrate), so as to reinforce the surface of the glass by exchanging ions of the glass (here sodium ions) by ions of greater ionic radius (here potassium ions).
• the surface stress is at least 300 MPa, in particular 400 and even 500 MPa, and at most 700 MPa
• the thickness of the compression zone is at least 20 ⁇ m, typically between 20 and 50 ⁇ m.
• the stress profile can be determined in a known manner using a polarizing microscope equipped with a Babinet compensator.
• the chemical toughening step is preferably implemented at a temperature ranging from 380 to 550° C., and for a duration ranging from 30 minutes to 3 hours.
• the chemical reinforcement is preferably carried out after the bending step but before the lamination step.
• the glazing obtained is preferably a motor vehicle windshield, in particular a heated windshield.
• the additional glass sheet carries on the face opposite the face facing the lamination insert (preferably face 4, the additional sheet being the inner sheet) a stack of additional thin layers, in particular a stack with low emissivity, comprising a conductive transparent oxide, in particular indium tin oxide (ITO).
• ITO indium tin oxide
• the lamination insert and/or the additional glass sheet is preferably tinted, the glass sheet carrying the coatings possibly being made of clear glass.
• the glazing obtained is preferably a motor vehicle roof.
• a domed laminated roof comprising, from outside the vehicle, a sheet of clear glass coated on face 2 with a stack of thin layers comprising at least one layer of silver then a layer of enamel, a PVB lamination insert (preferably tinted), and an additional glass sheet of tinted glass, carrying on face 4 a stack of thin layers with low emissivity, in particular based on ITO .
• the lamination interlayer preferably comprises at least one sheet of polyvinylacetal, in particular of polyvinylbutyral (PVB).
• PVB polyvinylbutyral
• the lamination insert can be tinted or untinted in order to regulate the optical or thermal properties of the glazing if necessary.
• the lamination insert can advantageously have sound absorption properties in order to absorb sounds of aerial or solid-borne origin. It may in particular consist for this purpose of three polymeric sheets, including two so-called outer PVB sheets framing an inner polymeric sheet, optionally made of PVB, of lower hardness than that of the outer sheets.
• the lamination insert can also have thermal insulation properties, in particular for reflecting infrared radiation. It may for this purpose comprise a coating of thin layers with low emissivity, for example a coating comprising a thin layer of silver or an alternating coating of dielectric layers of different refractive indices, deposited on an internal PET sheet flanked by two external PVB sheets.
• the thickness of the lamination insert is generally within a range ranging from 0.3 to 1.5 mm, in particular from 0.5 to 1 mm.
• the lamination insert may have a lower thickness on one edge of the glazing than in the center of the glazing in order to avoid the formation of a double image when using a head-up vision system, known as HUD ( head-up display).
• HUD head-up vision system
• FIG. 1 schematically illustrates an embodiment of the method according to the invention. It represents a schematic section of part of the glass sheets and of the elements deposited on the glass sheets, near their periphery. The various elements are obviously not represented to scale, so as to be able to visualize them.
• the first sheet of glass 10 coated with the stack of thin layers 12 is provided in step a, then part of the stack 12 is coated with a layer of enamel 14, in particular by screen printing (step b).
• step b1 The assembly then undergoes pre-firing (step b1), which in the case shown, leads to partial dissolution of the stack 12 by the enamel 14.
• the view shown being only that of the end of the glass sheet, the bending is not shown here.
• the diagram illustrates the fact that at the end of the bending, the enamel 14 has completely dissolved the underlying stack of thin layers 12.
• step d the first glass sheet 10 coated with the stack of thin layers 12 and the enamel layer 14 and the additional glass sheet 20 coated with the additional stack 22 are assembled using the lamination insert 30.
• the diagram here shows each of the separate elements, in exploded view.
• the method implemented in the first series of examples corresponds to the embodiment of the .
• Sheets of clear glass 2.1 mm thick previously sputter coated with a stack of thin layers comprising three layers of silver protected by layers of zinc oxide, layers of silicon nitride and NiCr blockers, were partially coated by screen printing with layers of enamel with a wet thickness of 25 ⁇ m.
• the enamel composition included, in addition to the glass frit, black pigments and medium, 5% by weight of large refractory oxide particles having a size greater than 20 ⁇ m.
• 5% by weight of ZnO particles were additionally added to the enamel composition.
• the enamel layer was deposited by screen printing, then the enamel was dried (150°C, 1 to 2 minutes) before being pre-baked at around 650-680°C.
• the assembly After pairing with an additional sheet of tinted soda-lime silica glass provided on face 4 with a stack comprising a layer of ITO, the assembly was bent at more than 600°C for 350 to 500 seconds.
• the aesthetics more particularly the black color seen from face 1, was evaluated by measuring the lightness L* in reflection (illuminant D65, reference observer 10°).
• the value of L* obtained was on average 4.5, against 5.1 for the comparative example (without ZnO particles).
• the comparative example also exhibited a slight blur in reflection, unlike the example according to the invention.
• the laminated glazing has also undergone 3-point bending tests.
• the breaking force was 128 N, against 172 N for the example according to the invention.
• the values given are average values for a sample of 20 glazings.
• the examples of this second series of examples differ from those of the first series in that the bending of the two sheets of glass was carried out separately, by pressing at a temperature of 610-630°C.
• the enamel composition included, in addition to the glass frit, black pigments and medium, 5% by weight of large refractory oxide particles having a size greater than 20 ⁇ m.
• 5% by weight of ZnO particles were additionally added to the enamel composition.
• a third example according to the invention contained 10% by weight of such particles.

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• 2021
  • 2021-10-12 FR FR2110796A patent/FR3127941B1/fr active Active
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