EP4419423A1 - Dispositif de dégivrage combiné - Google Patents
Dispositif de dégivrage combinéInfo
- Publication number
- EP4419423A1 EP4419423A1 EP22802212.5A EP22802212A EP4419423A1 EP 4419423 A1 EP4419423 A1 EP 4419423A1 EP 22802212 A EP22802212 A EP 22802212A EP 4419423 A1 EP4419423 A1 EP 4419423A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- networks
- cells
- resistive heating
- icing
- barrier
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D15/00—De-icing or preventing icing on exterior surfaces of aircraft
- B64D15/16—De-icing or preventing icing on exterior surfaces of aircraft by mechanical means, e.g. pulsating mats or shoes attached to, or built into, surface
- B64D15/166—De-icing or preventing icing on exterior surfaces of aircraft by mechanical means, e.g. pulsating mats or shoes attached to, or built into, surface using pneumatic boots
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D15/00—De-icing or preventing icing on exterior surfaces of aircraft
- B64D15/12—De-icing or preventing icing on exterior surfaces of aircraft by electric heating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/04—Air intakes for gas-turbine plants or jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/047—Heating to prevent icing
Definitions
- the invention falls within the field of de-icing devices for aircraft and more particularly of devices for de-icing wing elements or air inlets of aircraft turbine engines.
- document WO2015/110974 A1 relates to a pressure pulse de-icing device comprising a plurality of unit cells on a surface of an aircraft each provided with at least a first orifice connected to a vacuum line for distributing a depression to the cells collectively and at least one second orifice connected to a source of pressure to introduce a pressurized fluid into the cells taken individually, the cells being covered with a waterproof semi-rigid protective sheet.
- the unit cells are organized in rows and columns and separated by boundary partitions forming a trellis around the cells.
- the protective sheet rests on the delimitation partitions by applying a depression to all the cells.
- a pressure pulse is applied to some of the cells and propagated in a wave over the entire surface of the device.
- This technique which is based on the rapid propagation of a localized deformation of the protective sheet, is effective for surfaces with a large radius of curvature, whether they are convex or concave, but cannot be used on convex or concave surfaces.
- concaves provided with a small radius of curvature because a small radius of curvature opposes the deformation of the protection sheet.
- the present disclosure proposes to integrate one or more resistive heating elements in a pressure pulse device so as to produce a hybrid defrosting device combining a pressure pulse technique under a membrane which forms an anti-erosion barrier on the surface of the airfoil and an electric heating element technique located.
- the hybrid defrosting device is thus easy to set up and the combination of the pressure pulse technique and the technique with electric heating elements located at particular places makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the defrosting by synergy effect.
- an anti-icing or de-icing device for an aerodynamic profile, which may be a leading edge of a wing or of a wing element or which may be an air intake lip of a turbomachine, said device comprising a first so-called lower surface, a plurality of cells formed of unitary cavities delimited by a mesh of partitions on said first surface and a barrier arranged on the mesh of partitions, for which said first surface comprises a first plurality of holes, connecting said unitary cavities to a device for generating depression in said cavities simultaneously so as to press the barrier against the mesh of partitions, and a second plurality of holes, connecting said unitary cavities to a device for generating one or more pressure pulses in at least some of said selected unitary cavities, for which the barrier is equipped with one or more resistive heating networks positioned under said barrier in line with some of said cells to produce localized electrothermal defrosting zones in said device.
- the said resistive heating network(s) may consist of flexible circuits provided with conductive tracks forming meanders on said flexible circuits.
- the resistive heating networks may comprise electrical supply connections, passing through some of said cells or along the edges of the device and connecting said networks to an electric generator.
- the resistive heating network or networks may be formed by conductive tracks directly formed in meanders on a part of the barrier which then constitutes the substrate of a flexible printed circuit comprising said networks.
- the barrier may include supply tracks for the resistive heating network(s) for connection to an electric generator.
- the resistive heating network(s) may cover some of said cells arranged in zones with a smaller radius of curvature of said profile.
- the resistive heating network or networks can in particular be located at the level of the cells which cover a leading edge of an aerodynamic profile forming said zones of smallest radius of curvature, the device with cells devoid of resistive heating networks s extending in areas of greater radius of curvature beyond said leading edge on either side of said leading edge.
- the present disclosure further relates to a method for de-icing a surface of an aerodynamic profile of an aircraft comprising a de-icing device as described above, for which the vacuum generation device is activated and then a defrosting sequence by the power supply of the resistive heating network or networks so as to defrost the zone or zones equipped with said networks, thus constituting zones for initiating rupture of the ice deposited on said surface, then pressure pulses are caused at the level of the areas of said surface devoid of resistive heating networks to detach the ice accumulated on said profile.
- the device comprising a resistive heating network arranged at the level of a leading edge of said aerodynamic profile and a surface provided with cells devoid of resistive heating network in continuity with said leading edge
- the method can be such that the power heating of said network is adapted as a function of the speed of the aircraft and of the outside temperature to create icing droplets on the surface comprising said cells, said frosted droplets being expelled from the surface comprising said cells by the pressure pulse device .
- the method may be such that the pressure pulse device generates pressure pulses in waves starting from the cells adjacent to the resistive heating network and extending to the cells moving away from said resistive heating networks.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of cells in sectional side view and of pressure and vacuum generation devices
- FIG. 2 shows in front perspective a section of a first example airfoil provided with a second example of the device of the present disclosure
- FIG. 3 shows in side perspective a section of an example airfoil fitted with a second example of the device of the present disclosure
- FIG. 4 shows a detail of a cell of the present disclosure.
- the present disclosure proposes an anti-icing or de-icing device for an aerodynamic profile 100, a section of which is represented in FIGS. 2 and 3, for example an aircraft wing, the de-icing applying in particular to a surface of the profile around a leading edge 101 of this profile.
- the de-icing device comprises, according to Figure 4 constituting a detail view, a first so-called lower surface 1, a plurality of unitary cavities 2 with a length in a direction parallel to the leading edge of 70 mm to 140 mm, with a width in a direction perpendicular to the leading edge of between 50 mm and 100 mm and a height of the order of 0.2 mm to 1 mm.
- These cells are delimited not a lattice of partitions 3 on said first surface and a skin or barrier 4 in particular an anti-erosion barrier placed on the lattice of partitions.
- the partitions it is possible to dig the surface in the shape of the cavities which forms the partitions around the hollowed out parts, it is also possible to place a mesh of joints on the surface, or it is possible to place a lattice made of polymer or elastomer material, the meshes of which form the cavities on the first surface or to combine these methods.
- the cavities can be dug in the first surface to have a height preferably situated between 0.2 mm to 1 mm and the partitions will have a width of the order of 2 mm to 3 mm.
- a flexible joint can be arranged at the top of the partitions or constitute the latter.
- the first surface further comprises a first plurality of holes 5, connecting the cavities to a vacuum generating device as shown in Figure 1 and comprising a vacuum generator 51, a network of distributor pipes 52, tubes 53 with end pieces opening into the holes 5 of the cavities 2.
- the vacuum generator is connected to all the cavities in order to generate a vacuum simultaneously in said cavities so as to press the anti-erosion barrier 4 against the mesh of partitions along the dotted line 4a.
- Said first surface further comprises a second plurality of holes 6, connecting the individual cavities to a device for generating one or more pressure pulses.
- This device comprises a pressure generator 61, a distribution network 64, a solenoid valve 63 per cell or per row of cells arranged perpendicular to the direction of the air flow on the surface and a tube 63 per cell connected to the hole 6 in the cell.
- This device makes it possible to inject pressure pulses suitable for separating the anti-erosion barrier from the top of the partitions by approximately 2 mm to 3 mm symbolized by the dotted line 4b in FIG. 1 in the form of a pulse of a duration of the order of 50 ms to 500 ms and in particular of the order of 250 ms at the level of selected cavities.
- the device of the present disclosure is completely integrated into the structure and is not extra thick. This makes it possible to respect the aerodynamic profile and therefore not to degrade the finesse of the aircraft.
- the traditional pneumatic systems remain inflated for around 5s during the de-icing phases, which has a detrimental effect on the aerodynamic performance, whereas with the present device the de-icing pulses last between 50 ms and 500 ms and in particular of the order of 250ms.
- the anti-erosion barrier is a semi-rigid membrane 4 whose rigidity is adapted to allow it to be placed against the tops of the partitions, to follow the profile, to rise during the application of the pressure pulse but which is rigid enough not to waver or vibrate under the aerodynamic stresses to which the profile is subjected.
- It can be made of a thin metal sheet, a material such as a fiberglass or carbon fiber and resin composite, or an opaque thermoplastic material such as PEEK, PA, PPS, PPSU, PPA, PI or advantageously a PEI.
- the semi-rigid membrane forming the anti-erosion barrier will be of a thickness of the order of 0.8 to 2 mm adapted to allow its deformation by plating on the partitions when the depression is in operation and its displacement on 1 to 3 mm when applying pressure pulses.
- the thickness of the semi-rigid membrane chosen is around 0.8 mm.
- the anti-erosion barrier is equipped with one or more resistive heating networks or electrothermal networks, hereinafter resistive networks, positioned under said anti-erosion barrier in line with some of the cells. to produce electrothermal de-icing or anti-icing zones located in said device.
- the resistive network consists of a flexible circuit 7 provided with conductive tracks forming meanders 10 on the flexible circuit.
- a traditional heat-resistant thermoplastic flexible circuit can for example be used.
- the conductive tracks will preferably be arranged on the side of the flexible circuit opposite the anti-erosion barrier to electrically isolate them from the cells and the partitions.
- the resistive network comprises insulated electrical connections 9 supply here connecting to an electrical generator 20 external to the device passing under borders 11 surrounding the device.
- the resistive network is formed by means of conductive tracks 8 directly formed in meanders 10 on a part of the membrane forming the anti-erosion barrier 4 which itself constitutes the substrate of a flexible circuit comprising said network.
- the membrane will be made of a material suitable for receiving these conductive tracks which can be made using traditional techniques from materials usually used in the manufacture of heating networks such as inconel, stainless steel, or constant or the manufacture of electronic tracks deposited on the membrane.
- the membrane also comprises the supply tracks 9 of the resistive network(s) which will also be connected to an electric generator 20 external to the device, for example via insulated electric wires connected to said membrane.
- the resistive network or networks 7 or 8 cover cells 2b arranged in areas of smaller radius of curvature of said surface.
- Said zones of smallest radius of curvature are here constituted by the leading edge of a wing element, the cell device 2a devoid of resistive networks extending according to FIG. 3 beyond said edge of attack on the upper and lower face of said wing element.
- This makes it possible to use the pressure pulses above and below the leading edge which will be defrosted by the resistive network device without breaking continuity since the resistive network device is integrated under the anti-erosion barrier of the device with cells and pressure pulses.
- the cells 2b may or may not be provided with suction holes by the vacuum generating device and may or may not be provided with holes connected to the pressure pulse generation device, for example depending on the curvature of the profile if it allows or not the erosion barrier to lift from the partitions or not.
- This integration of the resistive network device in the cell device makes it possible to increase the quality of de-icing, for example by sequencing the de-icing methods and still using the cells approaching the leading edge with the de-icing device. generation of pressure pulses even if the curvature of the anti-erosion barrier reduces the effectiveness of these pulses by limiting the height of displacement of the latter.
- An additional advantage is to be able to dimension the resistive network as well as possible to reduce its consumption and for example a resistive network giving off 1.5 W/cm 2 and comprising a width of 20 to 100 mm per leading edge will be adapted to different profile types and flight conditions.
- the vacuum generation device is activated from the start of the flight to press the anti-erosion barrier against the partitions, then when icing appears, a de-icing sequence is started. by the power supply of the resistive network or networks 7 or 8 depending on the configuration, so as to defrost the zone or zones equipped with said resistive networks, thus constituting zones of initiating breakage of the ice deposited on said surface and then causing pressure pulses at the areas of said surface devoid of resistive networks to loosen the ice accumulated on the profile.
- the fact that the anti-erosion barrier is equipped with the resistive device means that there is continuity between the zone defrosted by the resistive device and the zone defrosted by the pressure pulse device.
- This continuity also makes it possible to use the resistive network arranged at the level of a leading edge of the aerodynamic profile to prevent capture or accumulation of ice in the zone protected by the thermal solution and to create runoff of water. melted ice that will refreeze in a defrost area mechanical, the displaced ice being then easily expelled by the process of pressure pulses.
- the heating power of said network can be adapted according to the speed of the aircraft and the outside temperature so that the droplets freeze at a preferential distance from the leading edge on the zone provided with the cells. and are expelled from the surface comprising said cells by the pressure pulse device.
- a solenoid valve control device 62 such as a computer 65 comprising suitable programming to generate pressure pulses clocked in waves starting from the cells adjacent to the resistive network and extending to the cells moving away of said resistive networks.
- the present disclosure of the anti-icing and de-icing device may include a ratio of 80% surface area covered by the pressure pulse device and 20% surface area equipped with resistive networks, which allows a division by 4.5 of the power density compared to electrothermal anti-icing or even a ratio of 90% of surface covered by the pressure pulse device and 10% by electrothermal resistive networks which allows a division by 9 of the power density compared to pure electrothermal anti-icing.
- Defrosting is effective. Such a configuration combines reduced mass and reduced electrical consumption.
- the anti-erosion barrier applied to the cells will have its periphery glued and riveted under a frame of the device.
- the surface of the device may be different from that shown and the profile may be a profile different from that of a wing element and may in particular be a profile fan air inlet or a non-developable 3D shape such as a double curvature of an engine nacelle.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
- Defrosting Systems (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
- Road Paving Structures (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2111073A FR3128204B1 (fr) | 2021-10-19 | 2021-10-19 | Dispositif de degivrage combine |
| PCT/FR2022/051920 WO2023067266A1 (fr) | 2021-10-19 | 2022-10-12 | Dispositif de degivrage combine |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4419423A1 true EP4419423A1 (fr) | 2024-08-28 |
Family
ID=78828177
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22802212.5A Pending EP4419423A1 (fr) | 2021-10-19 | 2022-10-12 | Dispositif de dégivrage combiné |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20240409223A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4419423A1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN118043260A (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA3232440A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3128204B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2023067266A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP4484294A1 (fr) * | 2023-06-28 | 2025-01-01 | Airbus Operations (S.A.S.) | Procédé de dégivrage d' une paroi aérodynamique utilisant au moins deux systèmes de dégivrage différents, aéronef équipé d' un dispositif de dégivrage permettant de mettre en oeuvre ledit procédé |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2015110974A1 (fr) | 2014-01-22 | 2015-07-30 | Zodiac Aerosafety Systems | Système de dégivrage pour aéronef |
| US10124902B2 (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2018-11-13 | The Boeing Company | Hybrid acoustic and induction-heating systems and methods for impeding formation of ice |
| US20180192476A1 (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2018-07-05 | Goodrich Corporation | Combined electro-thermal and pneumatic boot deicing system |
| BR112020021755B1 (pt) * | 2018-04-24 | 2022-07-05 | Qarbon Aerospace (Foundation), Llc | Aeroestrutura aquecida |
-
2021
- 2021-10-19 FR FR2111073A patent/FR3128204B1/fr active Active
-
2022
- 2022-10-12 CA CA3232440A patent/CA3232440A1/fr active Pending
- 2022-10-12 CN CN202280065729.XA patent/CN118043260A/zh active Pending
- 2022-10-12 EP EP22802212.5A patent/EP4419423A1/fr active Pending
- 2022-10-12 WO PCT/FR2022/051920 patent/WO2023067266A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2022-10-12 US US18/701,543 patent/US20240409223A1/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA3232440A1 (fr) | 2023-04-27 |
| US20240409223A1 (en) | 2024-12-12 |
| FR3128204A1 (fr) | 2023-04-21 |
| CN118043260A (zh) | 2024-05-14 |
| WO2023067266A1 (fr) | 2023-04-27 |
| FR3128204B1 (fr) | 2024-07-26 |
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